AAT AAT3151

AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
General Description
Features
The AAT3151 is a low noise, constant frequency
charge pump DC/DC converter that uses a trimode load switch (1X), fractional (1.5X), and doubling (2X) conversion to maximize efficiency for
white LED applications. The AAT3151 is capable of
driving four white LEDs at a total of 120mA from a
2.7V to 5.5V input. The current sinks may be operated individually or in parallel for driving higher-current LEDs. A low external parts count (two 1µF flying capacitors and two small 1µF capacitors at VIN
and VOUT) makes the AAT3151 ideally suited for
small battery-powered applications.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AnalogicTech's AS2Cwire™ (Advanced Simple
Serial Control™) serial digital input is used to
enable, disable, and set current for each LED with
a 16-level logarithmic scale plus four low-current
settings down to 50µA for optimized efficiency, with
a low housekeeping current of only 50µA.
The charge pump output of the AAT3151 is
equipped with built-in protection for VOUT. Each
current sink input has short-circuit and auto-disable
to guard against LED failure conditions. Built-in
soft-start circuitry prevents excessive inrush current during start-up. A low-current shutdown feature disconnects the load from VIN and reduces
quiescent current to less than 1µA.
ChargePump™
VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V
Fully Programmable Current with Single Wire
— 16-Step Logarithmic Scale
— 15/20/30mA Max Current
— Four Low-Current Settings Down to 50µA
— Low IQ (50µA) for Low-Current Mode
Tri-Mode 1X, 1.5X, and 2X Charge Pump for
Maximum Efficiency and VF Coverage
Drives Four Channels of LEDs
Individual Main/Sub-Group Control
No Inductors, Low Noise Operation
1MHz Constant Switching Frequency
Small Application Circuit
Built-In Thermal Protection
Built-In Auto-Disable for Short-Circuit
Automatic Soft Start
IQ <1µA in Shutdown
TDFN33-12 or STDFN33-12 Package
Applications
•
•
•
•
Color (RGB) Lighting
Programmable Current Sinks
White LED Backlighting
White Photo Flash for Digital Still Cameras
The AAT3151 is available in a Pb-free, space-saving,
thermally-enhanced, 12-pin 3x3mm TDFN package,
or in the lower-profile STDFN package.
Typical Application
VIN
2.7V to 5.5V
C1+
C1
1µF
CIN
1µF
C1C2+
C2
1µF
AAT3151
C2-
MAIN
SUB
VOUT
D1
EN/SET
D2
D3
D4
COUT
1µF
D1
EN/SET
D2
D3
GND
3151.2007.03.1.10
D4
1
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Pin Descriptions
Pin #
Symbol
1
D4
2
EN/SET
3
C1+
Flying capacitor 1 positive terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1+ and C1-.
4
C1-
Flying capacitor 1 negative terminal.
5
VOUT
6
C2+
Flying capacitor 2 positive terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C2+ and C2-.
7
C2-
Flying capacitor 2 negative terminal.
8
VIN
Input power supply. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between this pin and
ground.
9
GND
Ground.
10
D1
Current sink input #1.
11
D2
Current sink input #2.
12
D3
Current sink input #3.
EP
Function
Current sink input #4.
AS2Cwire serial interface control pin.
Charge pump output to drive load circuit. Requires 1µF capacitor connected
between this pin and ground.
Exposed paddle (bottom). Connect to GND directly beneath package.
Pin Configuration
TDFN33-12/STDFN33-12
(Top View)
D4
EN/SET
C1+
C1VOUT
C2+
2
1
12
2
11
3
10
4
9
5
8
6
7
D3
D2
D1
GND
VIN
C2-
3151.2007.03.1.10
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Absolute Maximum Ratings1
Symbol
VIN
VEN/SET
IOUT2
TJ
TLEAD
Description
Input Voltage
EN/SET to GND Voltage
Maximum DC Output Current
Operating Junction Temperature Range
Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec)
Value
Units
-0.3 to 6
-0.3 to VIN + 0.3
150
-40 to 150
300
V
V
mA
°C
°C
Value
Units
2.0
50
W
°C/W
Thermal Information3
Symbol
PD
θJA
Description
Maximum Power Dissipation4
Maximum Thermal Resistance
1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time.
2. Based on long-term current density limitation.
3. Mounted on an FR4 board.
4. Derate 20mW/°C above 25°C.
3151.2007.03.1.10
3
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Electrical Characteristics1
CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1.0µF; TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical values are TA = 25°C, VIN = 3.5V.
Symbol
Description
Conditions
Input Power Supply
VIN
Operation Range
ICC
ISHDN
IDX
Operating Current
Min
Typ
Max
Units
5.5
1
V
0.3
1
3
2.0
3.7
2.7
1X Mode, 3.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5, Active,
No Load Current
1.5X Mode, 3.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5, Active,
No Load Current
2X Mode, 3.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5, Active,
No Load Current
50µA Setting, 1X Mode
EN/SET = 0
ISET = 30mA, TA = 25°C
Shutdown Current
ISINK Current Accuracy2
Current Matching Between Any
I(D-Match)
VF:D1:D4 = 3.6V
Two Current Sink Inputs3, 4
1X to 1.5X or 1.5X to 2X Transition
VTH
ISET = 20mA
Threshold at Any ISINK Pin
Charge Pump Section
TSS
Soft-Start Time
FCLK
Clock Frequency
EN/SET
VIL
Enable Threshold Low
VIN = 2.7V
VIH
Enable Threshold High
VIN = 5.5V
TEN/SET LO
EN/SET Low Time
TEN/SET_HI_MIN Minimum EN/SET High Time
TEN/SET_HI_MAX Maximum EN/SET High Time
TOFF
EN/SET Off Timeout5
TLAT
EN/SET Latch Timeout6
IEN/SET
EN/SET Input Leakage
50
27
30
1
33
µA
µA
mA
0.5
%
150
mV
100
1000
µs
kHz
0.4
1.4
0.3
75
50
-1
mA
75
500
500
1
V
V
µs
ns
µs
µs
µs
µA
1. The AAT3151 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured
by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls.
2. Determined by the average of all active channels.
3. Current matching is defined as the deviation of any sink current at IOUT = 20mA and 2mA.
4. Specification applies only to the tri-mode charge pump.
5. The EN/SET pin must remain logic low (less than VIL) for the duration of longer than 500µs to guarantee the off timeout.
6. The EN/SET pin must remain logic high (greater than VIH) for the duration of longer than 500µs to guarantee the latch timeout.
4
3151.2007.03.1.10
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Typical Characteristics
Efficiency vs. Supply Voltage
Turn-On to 1X Mode
(VIN = 4.2V; 20mA Load)
100
4.1mA
VF = 2.9V
90
Efficiency (%)
80
EN
(2V/div)
70
60
CP
(2V/div)
50
40
10.2mA
VF = 3.1V
1mA
VF = 2.7V
30
20mA
VF = 3.4V
20
VSINK
(500mV/div)
IIN
(200mA/div)
10
0
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.2
Supply Voltage (V)
Time (100µs/div)
Turn-On to 1.5X Mode
Turn-On to 2X Mode
(VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load)
(VIN = 2.8V; 20mA Load)
EN
(2V/div)
EN
(2V/div)
CP
(2V/div)
VSINK
(500mV/div)
CP
(2V/div)
VSINK
(500mV/div)
IIN
(200mA/div)
IIN
(200mA/div)
Time (100µs/div)
Time (100µs/div)
Turn-Off from 1.5X Mode
Current Matching vs. Temperature
(VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load)
20.4
EN
(2V/div)
Channel 2
Current (mA)
20.2
VF
(1V/div)
IIN
(100mA/div)
20.0
Channel 4
19.8
Channel 3
Channel 1
19.6
19.4
19.2
19.0
-40
Time (500µs/div)
3151.2007.03.1.10
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Temperature (°°C)
5
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Typical Characteristics
Load Characteristics
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 3.7V; 1.5X Mode; 15mA Load)
(VIN = 2.7V; 2X Mode; 15mA Load)
VIN
(40mV/div)
VIN
(40mV/div)
CP
(40mV/div)
CP
(40mV/div)
VSINK
(40mV/div)
VSINK
(40mV/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Load Characteristics
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 3.9V; 1.5X Mode; 20mA Load)
(VIN = 2.9V; 2X Mode; 20mA Load)
VIN
(40mV/div)
VIN
(40mV/div)
CP
(40mV/div)
CP
(40mV/div)
VSINK
(40mV/div)
VSINK
(40mV/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Load Characteristics
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 4.2V; 1.5X Mode; 30mA Load)
(VIN = 3.2V; 2X Mode; 30mA Load)
VIN
(40mV/div)
VIN
(40mV/div)
CP
(40mV/div)
CP
(40mV/div)
VSINK
(40mV/div)
VSINK
(40mV/div)
Time (500ns/div)
6
Time (500ns/div)
3151.2007.03.1.10
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Typical Characteristics
400
350
300
250
-40°C
200
150
25°C
100
85°C
50
0
300
-40°C
250
200
150
25°C
85°C
100
50
0
2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
Input Voltage (V)
Input Voltage (V)
Input Ripple vs. Input Voltage
Enable Threshold High vs. Input Voltage
Enable Threshold High (V)
16
14
12
350
2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
18
Amplitude (mV)
EN/SET Off Timeout vs. Input Voltage
EN/SET Off Timeout (µ
µs)
EN/SET Latch Timeout (µ
µs)
EN/SET Latch Timeout vs. Input Voltage
20mA
30mA
10
8
6
4
10.2mA
2
0
2.50
2.67
2.84
3.01
3.18
3.35
3.52
3.69
3.86
4.03
4.20
Input Voltage (V)
1.2
1.1
1
-40°C
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
25°C
85°C
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
Input Voltage (V)
Enable Threshold Low (V)
Enable Threshold Low vs. Input Voltage
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
-40°C
0.8
0.7
0.6
25°C
0.5
85°C
0.4
0.3
0.2
2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
Input Voltage (V)
3151.2007.03.1.10
7
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Functional Block Diagram
C1+
C1- C2+
C2-
1X, 1.5X and 2X
Charge Pump
VIN
VOUT
Soft-Start
Control
1MHz
Oscillator
Voltage
Reference
6 x 16 bit
ROM
EN/SET
AS 2 Cwire
Interface
6 x 16 bit
ROM
D/A
D1
D/A
D2
D/A
D3
D/A
D4
GND
Functional Description
The AAT3151 is a tri-mode load switch (1X) and
high efficiency (1.5X or 2X) charge pump device
intended for white LED backlight applications. To
maximize power conversion efficiency, an internal
sensing circuit monitors the voltage required on
each constant current sink input and sets the load
switch and charge pump modes based on the input
battery voltage and the current sink input voltage.
As the battery discharges over time, the AAT3151
charge pump is enabled when any of the four current sinks near dropout. The charge pump initially
starts in 1.5X mode. If the charge pump output
drops enough for any current sink to become close
to dropout, the charge pump will automatically transition to 2X mode.
The AAT3151 requires only four external components: two 1µF ceramic capacitors for the charge
pump flying capacitors (C1 and C2), one 1µF
ceramic input capacitor (CIN), and one 1µF ceramic charge pump output capacitor (COUT).
The AAT3151 constant current sinks can drive four
individual LEDs with a maximum current of 30mA
8
per channel. The AS2Cwire serial interface enables
the AAT3151 and sets the constant current sink
magnitudes. AS2Cwire addressing allows the LED
main channels D1-D3 to be controlled independently from the LED sub-channel D4.
Constant Current Output Level Settings
The constant current level for the LED channels is
set via the AS2Cwire serial interface according to a
logarithmic scale. In this manner, LED brightness
appears to change linearly when the settings in the
scale are traversed. Because the inputs D1 to D4
are true independent constant current sinks, the
voltage observed on any single given input will be
determined by the difference between VOUT and
the actual forward voltage (VF) of the LED being
driven.
Since the constant current levels for the AAT3151
are programmable, no PWM (pulse width modulation) or additional control circuitry are needed to
control LED brightness. This feature greatly reduces
the burden on a microcontroller or system IC to
manage LED or display brightness, allowing the
user to "set it and forget it." With its high-speed seri3151.2007.03.1.10
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
al interface (>1MHz data rate), the LED current drive
can be changed successively to brighten or dim
LEDs in smooth transitions (e.g., to fade out) or in
abrupt steps, giving the user complete programmability and real-time control of LED brightness.
For each Max Current scale, there are 16 current
level settings separated from one another by
approximately 1dB. Code 1 is full-scale current and
Code 15 is full-scale current attenuated by roughly
14dB. Code 16 is reserved as a "no current" setting
(see Table 1).
The AAT3151 has an additional Low Current mode
with reduced quiescent current. This mode is especially useful for low-current applications where a
continuous, low-current state is maintained. The
reduction in quiescent current significantly reduces
the impact due to maintaining a continuous backlighting state.
Data
20mA Max1
IOUT (mA)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
20.0
17.8
15.9
14.3
12.7
11.1
10.2
8.9
7.9
7.0
6.3
5.7
5.1
4.4
4.1
0.0
30mA Max 15mA Max
IOUT (mA)
IOUT (mA)
30.0
26.7
23.8
21.4
19.0
16.7
15.2
13.3
11.9
10.5
9.5
8.6
7.6
6.7
6.2
0.0
15.0
13.3
11.9
10.7
9.5
8.3
7.6
6.7
6.0
5.2
4.8
4.3
3.8
3.3
3.1
0.0
AS2Cwire Serial Interface
The AS2Cwire single wire interface is used to set
the possible combinations of current levels and
LED channel states. AS2Cwire has addressing
capability for multiple data registers. With multiple
data registers, the AAT3151 main and sub-channels can be programmed together or independently from one another.
AS2Cwire relies on the number of rising edges of
the EN/SET pin to address and load the registers.
AS2Cwire latches data or address after the EN/SET
pin has been held high for time TLAT. Address or
data is differentiated by the number of EN/SET rising edges. Since the data registers are 4 bits each,
the differentiating number of pulses is 24 or 16, so
that Address 1 is signified by 17 rising edges,
Address 2 by 18 rising edges, and so forth. Data is
set to any number of rising edges between 1 and
including 16. A typical write protocol is a burst of
EN/SET rising edges, signifying a particular
address, followed by a pause with EN/SET held
high for the TLAT timeout period, a burst of rising
edges signifying data, and a TLAT timeout for the
data registers. Once an address is set, then multiple writes to the corresponding data register are
allowed.
When EN/SET is held low for an amount of time
greater than TOFF, the AAT3151 enters shutdown
mode and draws less than 1µA from the supply.
Address 1 is the default address on the first rising
edge after the AAT3151 has been disabled.
Whenever shutdown mode is entered, all registers
are reset to 1.
Table 1: Constant Current Programming
Levels (mA)2.
1. The device defaults to the 20mA Max scale. Use the Max Current Register to change the Max Scale.
2. There is an additional Low Current mode with currents down to 50µA. See the Low Current Register Settings section.
3151.2007.03.1.10
9
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
AS2Cwire Serial Interface Timing
Address
Data
T HI
T LO
TLAT
TLAT
EN/SET
1
Address
2
17
18
1
1
2...
n <= 16
2
Data Reg 1
1
Data Reg 2
1
n
AS2Cwire Addressing
Max Current and Low Current Registers
Five addresses are available to enable all of the
part's functionality. Two 4-bit registers control the
main and sub-channel, giving 16 settings for each.
The main and sub-channel are programmed to the
same constant current level by using Address 1. Use
Addresses 2 and 3 to program the main and subchannel independently. Use Address 4 to program
the Max Current register, which sets the Max
Current scale. Address 5 programs the Low Current
register. The Low Current register controls the efficient Low Current mode.
Use the Max Current and Low Current registers to
program constant current settings outside of the
20mA Max scale. By default (without changing the
Max Current register), the AAT3151 operates in the
20mA Max scale (see Constant Current
Programming Levels). For example, to change to the
30mA Max scale, address the Max Current register
with 20 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Program the
Max Current register with 2 rising edges and pause
for TLAT. The part will next operate in the same Data
row, but for the setting found in the 30mA Max column. Next, to change to a different setting on the
30mA Max scale, address the D1-D4 register with 17
rising edges. Program the new constant current level
with 1-16 rising edges. The part will update to the
new Data setting according to the Constant Current
Programming Levels table.
When the Max Current register is programmed to 1,
2, or 3, changing the data for Addresses 1-3 will
result in the corresponding values found in the
Constant Current Programming Levels table. When
the Max Current register is programmed to 4, the
part is programmed to operate in Low Current mode
and the Data for Addresses 1-3 is irrelevant. In Low
Current mode, the Low Current register takes precedence. See Table 2 for the current level settings and
main/sub-configurations that result.
Address
EN/SET
Edges
Addressed
Register
1
17
2
3
4
5
18
19
20
21
1&2: D1-D4
Current
1: D1-D3 Current
2: D4 Current
3: Max Current
4: Low Current
Table 2: Low Current Register Settings.
10
The AAT3151 has a distinct Low Current mode with
ultra-low quiescent current. For drive currents of
2mA or less, the part operates with significantly
reduced quiescent current. This is particularly useful for applications requiring an "always on" condition, such as transmissive displays. As an example, to change to Low Current mode, address the
Max Current register with 20 rising edges and
pause for TLAT. Program the Max Current register
with 4 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Address the
Low Current register with 21 rising edges and
pause for TLAT. Program the Low Current register
with 1-16 rising edges. The part will update to the
new Low Current mode setting and operate with
significantly reduced quiescent current.
3151.2007.03.1.10
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Data
Max Current
1
2
3
4
20mA Max Scale
30mA Max Scale
15mA Max Scale
Low Current Mode1
Table 3: Max Current Register Settings—
Address 4.
Data
D1-D3 (mA)
D4 (mA)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.5
1
2
0.05
0.5
1
2
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.5
1
2
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.5
1
2
Table 4: Low Current Register Settings—
Address 5.
Disabled Current Sinks
Current sink inputs that are not used should be disabled. To disable and properly terminate unused
current sink inputs, they must be tied to VOUT. If left
unconnected or terminated to ground, the part will
be forced to operate in 2X charge pump mode.
Properly terminating unused current sink inputs is
important to prevent the charge pump modes from
prematurely activating. When properly terminated,
only a small sense current flows for each disabled
channel. The sense current for each disabled channel is 120µA.
The AAT3151 is also equipped with an "auto-disable"
feature to protect against an LED failure condition.
Thermal Protection
The AAT3151 has a thermal protection circuit that
will shut down the charge pump if the die temperature rises above the thermal limit, as is the case
during a short-circuit of the VOUT pin.
Applications Information
LED Selection
The AAT3151 is specifically intended for driving
white LEDs. However, the device design will allow
the AAT3151 to drive most types of LEDs with forward voltage specifications ranging from 2.0V to
4.3V. LED applications may include main and subLCD display backlighting, camera photo-flash applications, color (RGB) LEDs, infrared (IR) diodes for
remotes, and other loads benefiting from a regulated output current generated from a varying input
voltage. Since the D1 to D4 constant current sinks
are matched with negligible voltage dependence,
the LED brightness will be matched regardless of
the specific LED forward voltage (VF) levels.
In some instances (e.g., in high luminous output
applications such as photo flash), it may be necessary to drive high-VF type LEDs. The low dropout
current sinks in the AAT3151 make it capable of
driving LEDs with forward voltages as high as 4.3V
at full current from an input supply as low as 3.0V.
Current sinks can be paralleled to drive high-current LEDs without complication.
Device Switching Noise Performance
The AAT3151 operates at a fixed frequency of
approximately 1MHz to control noise and limit harmonics that can interfere with the RF operation of
cellular telephone handsets or other communication devices. Back-injected noise appearing on the
input pin of the charge pump is 20mV peak-topeak, typically ten times less than inductor-based
1. Low Current mode requires the Max Current register to be set to Low Current Mode. Low Current mode is unaffected by the settings
for Addresses 1-3.
3151.2007.03.1.10
11
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
DC/DC boost converter white LED backlight solutions. The AAT3151 soft-start feature prevents
noise transient effects associated with inrush currents during start-up of the charge pump circuit.
Power Efficiency and Device Evaluation
The charge pump efficiency discussion in the following sections only accounts for the efficiency of the
charge pump section itself. Due to the unique circuit
architecture and design of the AAT3151, it is very difficult to measure efficiency in terms of a percent
value comparing input power over output power.
Since the AAT3151 inputs are pure constant current
sinks and typically drive individual loads, it is difficult
to measure the output voltage for a given input (D1
to D4) to derive an overall output power measurement. For any given application, white LED forward
voltage levels can differ, yet the load drive current
will be maintained as a constant.
This makes quantifying output power a difficult task
when taken in the context of comparing to other white
LED driver circuit topologies. A better way to quantify
total device efficiency is to observe the total input
power to the device for a given LED current drive
level. The best white LED driver for a given application should be based on trade-offs of size, external
component count, reliability, operating range, and
total energy usage...not just % efficiency.
The AAT3151 efficiency may be quantified under
very specific conditions and is dependent upon the
input voltage versus the output voltage seen across
the loads applied to inputs D1 through D4 for a
given constant current setting. Depending on the
combination of VIN and voltages sensed at the current sinks, the device will operate in load switch
mode. When any one of the voltages sensed at the
current sinks nears dropout, the device will operate
in 1.5X or 2X charge pump mode. Each of these
modes will yield different efficiency values. Refer to
the following two sections for explanations for each
operational mode.
12
Load Switch Mode Efficiency
The AAT3151 load switch mode is operational at all
times and functions alone to enhance device power
conversion efficiency when VIN is greater than the
voltage across the load. When in load switch
mode, the voltage conversion efficiency is defined
as output power divided by input power:
η=
POUT
PIN
The expression to define the ideal efficiency (η)
can be rewritten as:
η=
POUT VOUT · IOUT VOUT
=
=
PIN
VIN · IOUT
VIN
-or-
η(%) = 100
⎛ VOUT ⎞
⎝ VIN ⎠
Charge Pump Section Efficiency
The AAT3151 contains a fractional charge pump
that will boost the input supply voltage when VIN is
less than the voltage required on the constant current sink inputs. The efficiency (η) can be simply
defined as a linear voltage regulator with an effective output voltage that is equal to one and one half
or two times the input voltage. Efficiency (η) for an
ideal 1.5X charge pump can typically be expressed
as the output power divided by the input power.
η=
POUT
PIN
In addition, with an ideal 1.5X charge pump, the
output current may be expressed as 2/3 of the
3151.2007.03.1.10
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
input current. The expression to define the ideal
efficiency (η) can be rewritten as:
η=
POUT
VOUT · IOUT
VOUT
=
=
PIN
VIN · 1.5IOUT
1.5VIN
-or-
print, and
capacitors
response.
ized, they
damage.
is non-polarized. Low ESR ceramic
help maximize charge pump transient
Since ceramic capacitors are non-polarare not prone to incorrect connection
Equivalent Series Resistance
⎛ VOUT ⎞
η(%) = 100
⎝ 1.5VIN⎠
Capacitor Selection
Careful selection of the four external capacitors
CIN, C1, C2, and COUT is important because they will
affect turn-on time, output ripple, and transient performance. Optimum performance will be obtained
when low equivalent series resistance (ESR)
ceramic capacitors are used. In general, low ESR
may be defined as less than 100mΩ. A value of
1µF for all four capacitors is a good starting point
when choosing capacitors. If the constant current
sinks are only programmed for light current levels,
then the capacitor size may be decreased.
Capacitor Characteristics
Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recommended over all other types of capacitors for use
with the AAT3151. Ceramic capacitors offer many
advantages over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counterparts. A ceramic capacitor has very
low ESR, is lowest cost, has a smaller PCB foot-
3151.2007.03.1.10
ESR is an important characteristic to consider when
selecting a capacitor. ESR is a resistance internal
to a capacitor that is caused by the leads, internal
connections, size or area, material composition,
and ambient temperature. Capacitor ESR is typically measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors
and can range to more than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
Ceramic Capacitor Materials
Ceramic capacitors less than 0.1µF are typically
made from NPO or C0G materials. NPO and C0G
materials generally have tight tolerance and are
very stable over temperature. Larger capacitor values are usually composed of X7R, X5R, Z5U, or
Y5V dielectric materials. Large ceramic capacitors
(i.e., greater than 2.2µF) are often available in lowcost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics, but capacitors
greater than 1µF are not typically required for
AAT3151 applications.
Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR.
Capacitors that are physically large will have a lower
ESR when compared to an equivalent material
smaller capacitor. These larger devices can improve
circuit transient response when compared to an
equal value capacitor in a smaller package size.
13
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
Ordering Information
Package
Marking1
Part Number (Tape and Reel)2
TDFN33-12
STDFN33-12
NLXYY
URXYY
AAT3151IWP-T1
AAT3151IFP-T1
All AnalogicTech products are offered in Pb-free packaging. The term “Pb-free” means
semiconductor products that are in compliance with current RoHS standards, including
the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. For more
information, please visit our website at http://www.analogictech.com/pbfree.
Package Information
TDFN33-12
Index Area
0.43 ± 0.05
Detail "A"
0.45 ± 0.05
2.40 ± 0.05
3.00 ± 0.05
0.1 REF
C0.3
3.00 ± 0.05
1.70 ± 0.05
Top View
Bottom View
0.23 ± 0.05
Pin 1 Indicator
(optional)
0.05 ± 0.05
0.23 ± 0.05
0.75 ± 0.05
Detail "A"
Side View
All dimensions in millimeters.
1. XYY = assembly and date code.
2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD.
3. The leadless package family, which includes QFN, TQFN, DFN, TDFN and STDFN, has exposed copper (unplated) at the end of the
lead terminals due to the manufacturing process. A solder fillet at the exposed copper edge cannot be guaranteed and is not required
to ensure a proper bottom solder connection.
14
3151.2007.03.1.10
AAT3151
High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump
For White LED Applications
STDFN33-12
Detail "B"
2.40 ± 0.05
3.00 ± 0.05
Index Area
0.42 ± 0.05
Detail "A"
3.00 ± 0.05
1.70 ± 0.05
Top View
Bottom View
0.45 BSC
R0.2
Pin 1 Indicator
(Optional)
0.05 ± 0.05
0.150 ± 0.025
0.55 ± 0.05
0.23 ± 0.05
0.1 REF
(Optional)
C0.30 (4x) Max
Chamfered Corner
(Optional)
Side View
Detail "B"
Detail "A"
All dimensions in millimeters.
© Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc.
AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech product. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights,
or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice.
Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. AnalogicTech
warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with AnalogicTech’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed.
AnalogicTech and the AnalogicTech logo are trademarks of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated. All other brand and product names appearing in this document are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc.
830 E. Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Phone (408) 737-4600
Fax (408) 737-4611
3151.2007.03.1.10
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