AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator General Description Features The AAT2505 is a member of AnalogicTech's Total Power Management IC™ (TPMIC™) product family. It is a low dropout (LDO) linear regulator and a step-down converter with an input voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V, making it ideal for applications with single cell lithium-ion / polymer batteries. • • The LDO has an independent input pin and is capable of delivering up to 300mA of current. The linear regulator has been designed for high-speed turn-on and turn-off performance, fast transient response, and good power supply rejection ratio (PSRR). Other features include low quiescent current, low dropout voltage, and a Power-OK (POK) open drain output signaling when VOUT is in regulation. The 600mA step-down converter is designed to operate with 1.4MHz of switching frequency, minimizing external component size and cost while maintaining a low 27µA no load quiescent current. Peak current mode control with internal compensation provides a stable converter with a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) ceramic output capacitor for extremely low output ripple. For maximum battery life with high voltage outputs, the step-down converter duty cycle increases to 100%. The output voltage is either fixed or adjustable with an integrated P- and N-channel MOSFET power stage and 1.4MHz switching frequency. The AAT2505 is available in a Pb-free, 12-pin TDFN33 package and is rated over a temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. SystemPower™ VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V 300mA LDO — 400mV Dropout Voltage at 300mA — High Accuracy: ±1.5% — Fast Line / Load Transient Response — Power OK Output 600mA Step-Down Converter — Up To 98% Efficiency — 27µA No Load Quiescent Current — Shutdown Current <1µA — Low RDS(ON) Integrated Power Switches — Fast Turn-On Time (150µs Typical) — Low Dropout 100% Duty Cycle — 1.4MHz Switching Frequency — Internal Soft Start Over-Temperature and Current Limit Protection TDFN33-12 Package -40°C to +85°C Temperature Range • • • • Applications • • • • • • Cellular Phones Digital Cameras Handheld Instruments Microprocessor/DSP Core/IO Power PDAs and Handheld Computers Portable Media Players Typical Application Efficiency VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V (VOUT = 2.5V; L = 6.8µH) 3 5 3.3V at 300mA 9 6 R3 100kΩ 7 8 C4 2.2µF VP VCC VLDO EN ENLDO LX OUT FB POK SGND GND PGND 100 4 2.5V at 600mA 10 L1 2 11 6.8µH 12 1 C1 4.7µF Efficiency (%) C3 10µF 90 VIN = 3.3V 80 70 U1 AAT2505 60 0.1 L1 Sumida CDRH3D16-4R7 C1 Murata GRM219R61A475KE19 C3 Murata GRM21BR60J106KE19 2505.2006.06.1.1 1 10 100 1000 Output Current (mA) 1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Pin Descriptions Pin # Symbol 1 PGND 2 3 4 5 6 LX VP VCC VLDO OUT 7 POK 8 9 GND ENLDO 10 EN 11 FB 12 SGND EP Function Step-down converter power ground return pin. Connect to the output and input capacitor return. See section on PCB layout guidelines and evaluation board layout diagram. Power switching node. Output switching node that connects to the output inductor. Step-down converter power stage supply voltage. Must be closely decoupled to PGND. Step-down converter bias supply. Connect to VP. LDO input voltage; should be decoupled with 1µF or greater capacitor. 300mA LDO output pin. A 2.2µF or greater output low-ESR ceramic capacitor is required for stability. Power-OK output for the LDO. This open drain output is low when the OUT is out of regulation. Connect a pull-up resistor from POK to OUT or VLDO. When LDO is in shutdown (ENLDO = 0V), POK is pulled low. LDO ground connection pin. Enable pin for LDO. When connected low, LDO is disabled and consumes less than 1µA of current. Step-down converter enable. When connected low, the step-down converter is disabled and consumes less than 1µA. Step-down converter feedback input pin. For fixed output voltage versions, this pin is connected to the converter output, forcing the converter to regulate to the specific voltage. For adjustable output versions, an external resistive divider ties to this point and programs the output voltage to the desired value. Step-down converter signal ground. For external feedback, return the feedback resistive divider to this ground. For internal fixed version, tie to the point of load return. See section on PCB layout guidelines and evaluation board layout diagram. Exposed paddle (bottom). Use properly sized vias for thermal coupling to the ground plane. See section on PCB layout guidelines. Pin Configuration TDFN33-12 (Top View) PGND LX VP VCC VLDO OUT 2 1 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 5 8 6 7 SGND FB EN ENLDO GND POK 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol Description VP, VLDO VLX VFB VEN TJ TLEAD Input Voltages to GND Lx to GND FB to GND EN to GND Operating Junction Temperature Range Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec) Value Units 6.0 -0.3 to VP + 0.3 -0.3 to VP + 0.3 -0.3 to 6.0 -40 to 150 300 V V V V °C °C Value Units 2.0 50 W °C/W Thermal Information Symbol PD θJA Description Maximum Power Dissipation Thermal Resistance2 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Mounted on an FR4 board with exposed paddle connected to ground plane. 2505.2006.06.1.1 3 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Electrical Characteristics1 VIN = VLDO = VOUT(NOM) + 1V for VOUT options greater than 1.5V. VIN = VLDO = 2.5V for VOUT ≤ 1.5V. IOUT = 1mA, COUT = 2.2µF, CIN = 1µF, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = 25°C. Symbol Description Conditions Output Voltage Tolerance IOUT = 1mA to 300mA Min Typ Max Units 1.5 2.5 % 5.5 V 600 mV 0.09 %/V LDO VOUT VIN TA = 25°C TA = -40°C to +85°C Input Voltage VDO ΔVOUT/ VOUT* VIN Dropout Voltage3, 4 IOUT = 300mA Line Regulation VIN = VOUT + 1V to 5V ΔVOUT(Line) Dynamic Line Regulation ΔVOUT(Load) IOUT ISC IQLDO VPOK VPOKHYS VPOK(OL) IPOK Dynamic Load Regulation Output Current Short-Circuit Current LDO Quiescent Current POK Trip Threshold POK Hysteresis POK Output Voltage Low POK Output Leakage Current ISHDN Shutdown Current PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio TSD THYS eN TC Over-Temperature Shutdown Threshold Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis Output Noise Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient IOUT = 300mA, VIN = VOUT + 1V to VOUT + 2V, TR/TF = 2µs IOUT = 1mA to 300mA, TR <5µs VOUT > 1.3V VOUT < 0.4V VIN = 5V, No Load, ENLDO = VIN VOUT Rising, TA = 25°C ISINK = 1mA VPOK < 5.5V, VOUT in Regulation VIN = 5V; ENLDO = GND, EN = SGND = PGND 1kHz IOUT = 10mA 10kHz 1MHz -1.5 -2.5 VOUT + VDO2 400 2.5 mV 60 0.4 1.0 mV mA A µA % of VOUT % of VOUT V µA 1.0 µA 300 90 1 70 94 1.0 125 98 65 45 42 dB 145 °C 15 °C 250 µVRMS 22 ppm/°C 1. The AAT2505 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2. To calculate the minimum LDO input voltage, use the following equation: VIN(MIN) = VOUT(MAX) + VDO(MAX), as long as VIN ≥ 2.5V. 3. For VOUT < 2.1V, VDO = 2.5 - VOUT. 4. VDO is defined as VIN - VOUT when VOUT is 98% of nominal. 4 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Electrical Characteristics1 IOUT = 600mA; typical values are TA = 25°C, VIN = VCC = VP = 3.6V. Symbol Description Conditions Buck Converter VIN Input Voltage VUVLO UVLO Threshold VOUT Output Voltage Tolerance VOUT IQBUCK Output Voltage Range Step-Down Converter Quiescent Current ISHDN Shutdown Current ILIM RDS(ON)H RDS(ON)L ILXLK ΔVLinereg Line Regulation VFB FB Threshold Voltage Accuracy IFB RFB FB Leakage Current FB Impedance TS Start-Up Time FOSC TSD THYS Oscillator Frequency Over-Temperature Shutdown Threshold Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis Logic Signals VEN(L) Enable Threshold Low VEN(H) Enable Threshold High IEN(H) Leakage Current Typ Max Units 5.5 2.7 V V mV V -3.0 3.0 % 0.6 VIN V 70 µA 1.0 µA 2.7 VIN Rising Hysteresis VIN Falling IOUT = 0 to 600mA, VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V 100 1.8 ENLDO = GND, No Load, 0.6V Adjustable Version EN = SGND = PGND, ENLDO = GND P-Channel Current Limit High Side Switch On Resistance Low Side Switch On Resistance LX Leakage Current Min 27 800 mA Ω Ω 0.45 0.40 VIN = 5.5V, VLX = 0 to VIN, EN = SGND = PGND VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V 0.6V Output, No Load, TA = 25°C 0.6V Output > 0.6V Output From Enable to Output Regulation TA = 25°C 1.0 0.1 591 600 %/V 609 mV 0.2 µA kΩ 250 150 1.0 1.4 µs 2.0 MHz 140 °C 15 °C 0.6 1.4 -1.0 µA 1.0 V V µA 1. The AAT2505 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2505.2006.06.1.1 5 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Typical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5V, TA = 25°C. LDO Dropout Characteristics LDO Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) 3.20 IL = 300mA 480 Output Voltage (V) Dropout Voltage (mV) 540 420 360 300 IL = 100mA IL = 150mA 240 180 120 60 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 IOUT = 0mA 2.80 IOUT = 300mA IOUT = 150mA 2.60 2.40 2.20 IL = 50mA 0 3.00 IOUT = 10mA 2.00 2.70 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 2.80 LDO Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current 3.10 3.20 3.30 (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) 90.00 500 Ground Current (μA) 450 Dropout Voltage (mV) 3.00 LDO Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) 400 350 300 85°C 250 200 25°C 150 -40°C 100 80.00 70.00 60.00 IOUT=300mA 50.00 IOUT=150mA IOUT=50mA 40.00 IOUT=0mA 30.00 IOUT=10mA 20.00 10.00 50 0 0.00 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Input Voltage (V) Output Current (mA) Output Voltage Variation (%) 2.90 Input Voltage (V) Temperature (°C) LDO Output Voltage vs. Temperature LDO Initial Power-Up Response Time (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) 0.05 0.00 VENLDO (5V/div) -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20 -0.25 -0.30 -0.35 -0.40 -0.45 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature (°°C) 6 IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 50mA 70 80 90 100 VOUT (1V/div) Time (400µs/div) 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Typical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5V, TA = 25°C. LDO Turn-Off Response Time LDO Turn-On Time From Enable (VIN present) (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) VENLDO (5V/div) VENLDO = 5V/div VOUT (1V/div) VOUT = 1V/div Time (50µs/div) Time (5µs/div) LDO Line Transient Response LDO Load Transient Response (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) Input Voltage (V) 3.03 2.85 4 3.02 3 3.01 2 3.00 VOUT 1 2.99 0 2.98 500 400 VOUT 2.80 300 2.75 200 2.70 100 2.65 0 Output Current (mA) 2.90 Output Voltage (V) VIN 3.04 Output Voltage (V) 6 5 VIN = 4V IOUT 2.60 -100 Time (100µs/div) Time (100µs/div) LDO Load Transient Response 300mA 3.00 800 2.90 700 2.80 2.70 600 VOUT 500 2.60 400 2.50 300 2.40 200 2.30 100 IOUT 2.20 0 2.10 -100 Output Current (mA) Output Voltage (V) (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) Time (10µs/div) 2505.2006.06.1.1 7 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Typical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5V, TA = 25°C. LDO Over-Current Protection LDO ENLDO vs. VIN (EN = GND; ENLDO = VIN) Output Current (mA) 1200 1.250 1000 1.225 800 1.200 VIH 1.175 600 1.150 400 1.125 200 VIL 1.100 0 1.075 1.050 2.5 -200 Time (50ms/div) 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Input Voltage (V) Step-Down Converter Efficiency vs. Load Step-Down Converter DC Regulation (VOUT = 3.3V; L = 10μ μH; ENLDO = GND) (VOUT = 3.3V; L = 6.8µH; ENLDO = GND) 1.0 90 Output Error (%) Efficiency (%) 100 VIN = 3.9V VIN = 4.2V 80 70 VIN = 5.0V 0.5 0.0 VIN = 4.2V -0.5 -1.0 60 0.1 1 10 100 0.1 1000 1 Output Current (mA) 10 100 1000 Output Current (mA) Step-Down Converter Efficiency vs. Load Step-Down Converter DC Regulation (VOUT = 2.5V; L = 10μ μH; ENLDO = GND) (VOUT = 2.5V; L = 6.8µH; ENLDO = GND) 1.0 100 Output Error (%) Efficiency (%) VIN = 3.3V 90 VIN = 3.0V VIN = 3.6V 80 70 VIN = 4.2V 0.0 VIN = 3.6V -0.5 VIN = 3.0V -1.0 60 0.1 1 10 Output Current (mA) 8 VIN = 5.0V 0.5 100 1000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Output Current (mA) 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Typical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5V, TA = 25°C. Step-Down Converter Efficiency vs. Load Step-Down Converter DC Regulation (VOUT = 1.5V; L = 4.7μ μH; ENLDO = GND) (VOUT = 1.8V; L = 4.7µH; ENLDO = GND) 1.0 100 VIN = 2.7V 80 Output Error (%) Efficiency (%) 90 VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.2V 70 60 50 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0.5 VIN = 4.2V 0.0 VIN = 3.6V -0.5 VIN = 2.7V -1.0 0.1 1 Output Current (mA) 1000 Step-Down Converter Frequency vs. Input Voltage Step-Down Converter Output Voltage Error vs. Temperature (VOUT = 1.8V; EN = VIN; ENLDO = GND) (VIN = 3.6V; VO = 1.5V; EN = VIN; ENLDO = GND) 2.0 Output Error (%) 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Step-Down Converter Switching Frequency vs. Temperature Step-Down Converter Input Current vs. Input Voltage (VIN = 3.6V; VO = 1.5V; EN = VIN; ENLDO = GND) (VO = 1.8V; EN = VIN; ENLDO = GND) 35 15.0 Input Current (μ μA) 12.0 9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 -3.0 -6.0 -9.0 85°C 30 25°C 25 20 -12.0 -15.0 -40 100 Temperature (°°C) Input Voltage (V) Frequency Variation (%) 100 Output Current (mA) 1.0 Frequency Variation (%) 10 -40°C 15 -20 0 20 40 Temperature (°°C) 2505.2006.06.1.1 60 80 100 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Input Voltage (V) 9 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Typical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5V, TA = 25°C. Step-Down Converter P-Channel RDS(ON) vs. Input Voltage Step-Down Converter N-Channel RDS(ON) vs. Input Voltage (EN = VIN; ENLDO = GND) (EN = VIN; ENLDO = GND) 750 750 700 700 120°C 650 100°C RDS(ON) (mΩ Ω) RDS(ON) (mΩ Ω) 650 600 550 85°C 500 450 25°C 400 120°C 100°C 600 550 500 85°C 450 400 25°C 350 350 300 300 2.5 3 .0 3.5 4 .0 4.5 5 .0 2.5 5.5 3 .0 3.5 4 .0 4.5 5 .0 5.5 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) (1mA to 300mA; VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 2.5V; C1 = 4.7µF; ENLDO = GND) 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.4 0.6 1.3 0.4 1.2 0.2 1.1 0.0 1.0 -0.2 2.9 1.8 2.7 1.6 2.5 1.4 2.3 1.2 2.1 1.0 1.9 0.8 1.7 0.6 1.5 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 0.9 -0.2 Time (50µs/div) Load and Inductor Current (200mA/div) (bottom) 1.8 1.9 Load and Inductor Current (200mA/div) (bottom) 2.0 Output Voltage (top) (V) Step-Down Converter Load Transient Response (1mA to 300mA; VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; C1 = 4.7µF; ENLDO = GND) Output Voltage (top) (V) Step-Down Converter Load Transient Response Time (50µs/div) Step-Down Converter Line Transient Step-Down Converter Line Regulation (VOUT = 1.8V @ 400mA) (VOUT = 1.8V) 1.84 7.6 1.82 6.6 0.40 5.6 1.78 4.6 1.76 3.6 1.74 2.6 Accuracy (%) 1.80 Input Voltage (bottom) (V) Output Voltage (top) (V) 0.30 0.20 IOUT = 10mA 0.10 0.00 IOUT = 1mA -0.10 IOUT = 400mA -0.20 -0.30 -0.40 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Time (25µs/div) Input Voltage (V) 10 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Typical Characteristics Step-Down Converter Output Ripple (VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; 400mA; EN = VIN; ENLDO = GND) (VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; 400mA; EN = VIN; ENLDO = GND) 5.0 4.0 1.6 VEN VO 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.0 0.6 -1.0 0.4 -2.0 0.2 -3.0 IL 0.0 -4.0 -0.2 -5.0 -0.4 μs/div) Time (100μ 2505.2006.06.1.1 40 0.9 20 0.8 0 0.7 -20 0.6 -40 0.5 -60 0.4 -80 0.3 -100 0.2 Inductor Current (bottom) (A) 3.0 Output Voltage (AC Coupled) (top) (mV) Step-Down Converter Soft Start Inductor Current (bottom) (A) Enable and Output Voltage (top) (V) Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 5V, TA = 25°C. 0.1 -120 Time (250ns/div) 11 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Functional Block Diagram VCC FB VP Error Amp. DH See Note LX Logic Voltage Reference DL Control Logic EN PGND SGND OUT VLDO Over-Current Protection Error Amp. ENLDO Fast Start Control POK Voltage Reference 94% + - GND Note: Internal resistor divider included for ≥ 1.2V versions. For low voltage versions, the feedback pin is tied directly to the error amplifier input. Functional Description The AAT2505 is a high performance power management IC comprised of a buck converter and a linear regulator. The high efficiency buck converter is capable of delivering up to 600mA. Designed to operate at 1.4MHz, the converter requires only three external components (CIN, COUT, and LX) and is stable with a ceramic output capacitor. The linear regulator delivers 300mA and also is stable with a ceramic output capacitor. Linear Regulator The advanced circuit design of the linear regulator has been specifically optimized for very fast start-up and shutdown timing. This proprietary CMOS LDO has also been tailored for superior transient response characteristics. These traits are particularly important for applications that require fast power supply timing. The high-speed turn-on capability is enabled through implementation of a fast-start control cir12 cuit which accelerates the power-up behavior of fundamental control and feedback circuits within the LDO regulator. Fast turn-off time response is achieved by an active output pull-down circuit, which is enabled when the LDO regulator is placed in shutdown mode. This active fast shutdown circuit has no adverse effect on normal device operation. The LDO regulator output has been specifically optimized to function with low-cost, low-ESR ceramic capacitors; however, the design will allow for operation over a wide range of capacitor types. Other features include an integrated Power-OK comparator which indicates when the output is out of regulation. The POK open-drain output is low when OUT is 6% below its nominal regulation voltage. The open-drain signal is held low when the linear regulator is in shutdown mode. The regulator comes with complete short-circuit and thermal protection. The combination of these two internal protection circuits gives a comprehensive safety system to guard against extreme adverse operating conditions. 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator The regulator features an enable/disable function. This pin (ENLDO) is active high and is compatible with CMOS logic. To assure the LDO regulator will switch on, the ENLDO turn-on control level must be greater than 1.5V. The LDO regulator will go into the disable shutdown mode when the voltage on the EN pin falls below 0.6V. If the enable function is not needed in a specific application, it may be tied to VIN to keep the LDO regulator in a continuously on state. When the regulator is in shutdown mode, an internal 20kΩ resistor is connected between OUT and GND. This is intended to discharge COUT when the LDO regulator is disabled. The internal 20kΩ resistor has no adverse impact on device turn-on time. Step-Down Converter The AAT2505 buck is a constant frequency peak current mode PWM converter with internal compensation. It is designed to operate with an input voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V. The output voltage ranges from 0.6V to the input voltage for the internally fixed version (see Figure 1) , and up to 3.3V for the externally adjustable version (see Figure 2). The 0.6V fixed model is also the adjustable version and is externally programmable with a resistive divider. The converter MOSFET power stage is sized for 600mA load capability with up to 96% efficiency. Light load efficiency exceeds 80% at a 500µA load. Soft Start The AAT2505 soft-start control prevents output voltage overshoot and limits inrush current when VIN Low Dropout Operation For conditions where the input voltage drops to the output voltage level, the converter duty cycle increases to 100%. As 100% duty cycle is approached, the minimum off-time initially forces the high side on-time to exceed the 1.4MHz clock cycle and reduce the effective switching frequency. Once the input drops below the level where the output can be regulated, the high side P-channel MOSFET is turned on continuously for 100% duty cycle. At 100% duty cycle, the output voltage tracks the input voltage minus the IR drop of the high side P-channel MOSFET RDS(ON). Low Supply The under-voltage lockout (UVLO) guarantees sufficient VIN bias and proper operation of all internal circuitry prior to activation. Fault Protection For overload conditions, the peak inductor current is limited. Thermal protection disables switching when the internal dissipation or ambient temperature becomes excessive. The junction over-temperature threshold is 140°C with 15°C of hysteresis. VIN C3 10µF 3 5 9 VOUTLDO 6 7 C4 4.7µF either the input power or the enable input is applied. When pulled low, the enable input forces the converter into a low-power, non-switching state with a bias current of less than 1µA. A startup time of 150µs is achieved across the operating range. R3 100kΩ 8 VP VLDO VCC EN ENLDO LX OUT FB POK SGND GND PGND C3 10µF 4 2 11 L1 VOUTBUCK 9 VOUTLDO 4.7µH 6 7 12 1 U1 AAT2505 Figure 1: AAT2505 Fixed Output. 2505.2006.06.1.1 3 5 10 C1 4.7µF C4 4.7µF R3 100kΩ 8 VP VCC VLDO EN ENLDO LX OUT FB POK SGND GND PGND U1 AAT2505 4 10 2 11 VOUTBUCK L1 4.7µH R1 12 1 C8 100pF R2 59k C1 4.7µF Figure 2: AAT2505 with Adjustable Step-Down Output and Enhanced Transient Response. 13 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Applications Information Linear Regulator Input and Output Capacitors: An input capacitor is not required for basic operation of the linear regulator. However, if the AAT2505 is physically located more than three centimeters from an input power source, a CIN capacitor will be needed for stable operation. Typically, a 1µF or larger capacitor is recommended for CIN in most applications. CIN should be located as closely to the device VIN pin as practically possible. An input capacitor greater than 1µF will offer superior input line transient response and maximize power supply ripple rejection. Ceramic, tantalum, or aluminum electrolytic capacitors may be selected for CIN. There is no specific capacitor ESR requirement for CIN. However, for 300mA LDO regulator output operation, ceramic capacitors are recommended for CIN due to their inherent capability over tantalum capacitors to withstand input current surges from low impedance sources such as batteries in portable devices. For proper load voltage regulation and operational stability, a capacitor is required between OUT and GND. The COUT capacitor connection to the LDO regulator ground pin should be made as directly as practically possible for maximum device performance. Since the regulator has been designed to function with very low ESR capacitors, ceramic capacitors in the 1.0µF to 10µF range are recommended for best performance. Applications utilizing the exceptionally low output noise and optimum power supply ripple rejection should use 2.2µF or greater for COUT. In low output current applications, where output load is less than 10mA, the minimum value for COUT can be as low as 0.47µF. Equivalent Series Resistance: ESR is a very important characteristic to consider when selecting a capacitor. ESR is the internal series resistance associated with a capacitor that includes lead resistance, internal connections, size and area, material composition, and ambient temperature. Typically, capacitor ESR is measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors and can range to more than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors. 14 Ceramic Capacitor Materials: Ceramic capacitors less than 0.1µF are typically made from NPO or C0G materials. NPO and C0G materials generally have tight tolerance and are very stable over temperature. Larger capacitor values are usually composed of X7R, X5R, Z5U, or Y5V dielectric materials. Large ceramic capacitors (i.e., greater than 2.2µF) are often available in low-cost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics. These two material types are not recommended for use with the regulator, since the capacitor tolerance can vary more than ±50% over the operating temperature range of the device. A 2.2µF Y5V capacitor could be reduced to 1µF over temperature; this could cause problems for circuit operation. X7R and X5R dielectrics are much more desirable. The temperature tolerance of X7R dielectric is better than ±15%. Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR. Capacitors that are physically large in size will have a lower ESR when compared to a smaller sized capacitor of an equivalent material and capacitance value. These larger devices can improve circuit transient response when compared to an equal value capacitor in a smaller package size. Consult capacitor vendor datasheets carefully when selecting capacitors for LDO regulators. Step-Down Converter Inductor Selection: The step-down converter uses peak current mode control with slope compensation to maintain stability for duty cycles greater than 50%. The output inductor value must be selected so the inductor current down slope meets the internal slope compensation requirements. The internal slope compensation for the adjustable and low-voltage fixed versions of the AAT2505 is 0.24A/µsec. This equates to a slope compensation that is 75% of the inductor current down slope for a 1.5V output and 4.7µH inductor. m= 0.75 ⋅ VO 0.75 ⋅ 1.5V A = = 0.24 L 4.7μH μsec 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator This is the internal slope compensation for the adjustable (0.6V) version or low-voltage fixed versions. When externally programming the 0.6V version to 2.5V, the calculated inductance is 7.5µH. L= 0.75 ⋅ VO = m =3 μsec 0.75 ⋅ VO ≈ 3 A ⋅ VO A 0.24A μsec Input Capacitor Select a 4.7µF to 10µF X7R or X5R ceramic capacitor for the input. To estimate the required input capacitor size, determine the acceptable input ripple level (VPP) and solve for C. The calculated value varies with input voltage and is a maximum when VIN is double the output voltage. μsec ⋅ 2.5V = 7.5μH A CIN = In this case, a standard 6.8µH value is selected. For high-voltage fixed versions (2.5V and above), m = 0.48A/µsec. Table 1 displays inductor values for the AAT2505 fixed and adjustable options. Manufacturer's specifications list both the inductor DC current rating, which is a thermal limitation, and the peak current rating, which is determined by the saturation characteristics. The inductor should not show any appreciable saturation under normal load conditions. Some inductors may meet the peak and average current ratings yet result in excessive losses due to a high DCR. Always consider the losses associated with the DCR and its effect on the total converter efficiency when selecting an inductor. The 4.7µH CDRH3D16 series inductor selected from Sumida has a 105mΩ DCR and a 900mA DC current rating. At full load, the inductor DC loss is 17mW which gives a 2.8% loss in efficiency for a 400mA, 1.5V output. Configuration 0.6V Adjustable With External Feedback Fixed Output VOBUCK ⎛ VOBUCK⎞ · 1⎝ VIN VIN ⎠ ⎛ VPP ⎞ - ESR · FS ⎝ IOBUCK ⎠ ⎞ 1 VOBUCK ⎛ V · 1 - OBUCK = for VIN = 2 × VOBUCK ⎝ VIN VIN ⎠ 4 CIN(MIN) = 1 ⎛ VPP ⎞ - ESR · 4 · FS ⎝ IOBUCK ⎠ Always examine the ceramic capacitor DC voltage coefficient characteristics when selecting the proper value. For example, the capacitance of a 10µF, 6.3V, X5R ceramic capacitor with 5.0V DC applied is actually about 6µF. The maximum input capacitor RMS current is: IRMS = IOBUCK · ⎞ VOBUCK ⎛ V · 1 - OBUCK ⎝ VIN VIN ⎠ Output Voltage Inductor 1V, 1.2V 2.2µH 1.5V, 1.8V 4.7µH 2.5V, 3.3V 6.8µH 0.6V to 3.3V 4.7µH Table 1: Inductor Values. 2505.2006.06.1.1 15 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator The input capacitor RMS ripple current varies with the input and output voltage and will always be less than or equal to half of the total DC load current. VOBUCK ⎛ VOBUCK⎞ · 1= ⎝ VIN VIN ⎠ D · (1 - D) = 0.52 = 1 2 for VIN = 2 x VOBUCK IRMS(MAX) = VOBUCK ⎛ IOBUCK 2 VOBUCK⎞ · 1The term appears in both the ⎝ VIN VIN ⎠ input voltage ripple and input capacitor RMS current equations and is a maximum when VOBUCK is twice VIN. This is why the input voltage ripple and the input capacitor RMS current ripple are a maximum at 50% duty cycle. The input capacitor provides a low impedance loop for the edges of pulsed current drawn by the AAT2505. Low ESR/ESL X7R and X5R ceramic capacitors are ideal for this function. To minimize stray inductance, the capacitor should be placed as closely as possible to the IC. This keeps the high frequency content of the input current localized, minimizing EMI and input voltage ripple. The proper placement of the input capacitor (C2) can be seen in the evaluation board layout in Figure 3. Figure 3: AAT2505 Evaluation Board Top Side. 16 A laboratory test set-up typically consists of two long wires running from the bench power supply to the evaluation board input voltage pins. The inductance of these wires, along with the low-ESR ceramic input capacitor, can create a high Q network that may affect converter performance. This problem often becomes apparent in the form of excessive ringing in the output voltage during load transients. Errors in the loop phase and gain measurements can also result. Since the inductance of a short PCB trace feeding the input voltage is significantly lower than the power leads from the bench power supply, most applications do not exhibit this problem. In applications where the input power source lead inductance cannot be reduced to a level that does not affect the converter performance, a high ESR tantalum or aluminum electrolytic should be placed in parallel with the low ESR, ESL bypass ceramic. This dampens the high Q network and stabilizes the system. Output Capacitor The output capacitor limits the output ripple and provides holdup during large load transitions. A 4.7µF to 10µF X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor provides sufficient bulk capacitance to stabilize the output during large load transitions and has the ESR and ESL characteristics necessary for low output ripple. Figure 4: AAT2505 Evaluation Board Bottom Side. 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator The output voltage droop due to a load transient is dominated by the capacitance of the ceramic output capacitor. During a step increase in load current, the ceramic output capacitor alone supplies the load current until the loop responds. Within two or three switching cycles, the loop responds and the inductor current increases to match the load current demand. The relationship of the output voltage droop during the three switching cycles to the output capacitance can be estimated by: COUT = 3 · ΔILOAD VDROOP · FS Once the average inductor current increases to the DC load level, the output voltage recovers. The above equation establishes a limit on the minimum value for the output capacitor with respect to load transients. The internal voltage loop compensation limits the minimum output capacitor value to 4.7µF. This is due to its effect on the loop crossover frequency (bandwidth), phase margin, and gain margin. Increased output capacitance will reduce the crossover frequency with greater phase margin. The maximum output capacitor RMS ripple current is given by: IRMS(MAX) = 1 VOUT · (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) L · FS · VIN(MAX) 2· 3 · Dissipation due to the RMS current in the ceramic output capacitor ESR is typically minimal, resulting in less than a few degrees rise in hot-spot temperature. Adjustable Output Resistor Selection For applications requiring an adjustable output voltage, the 0.6V version can be externally programmed. Resistors R1 and R2 of Figure 5 program the output to regulate at a voltage higher than 0.6V. 2505.2006.06.1.1 To limit the bias current required for the external feedback resistor string while maintaining good noise immunity, the minimum suggested value for R2 is 59kΩ. Although a larger value will further reduce quiescent current, it will also increase the impedance of the feedback node, making it more sensitive to external noise and interference. Table 2 summarizes the resistor values for various output voltages with R2 set to either 59kΩ for good noise immunity or 221kΩ for reduced no load input current. ⎛ VOUT ⎞ ⎛ 1.5V ⎞ R1 = V -1 · R2 = 0.6V - 1 · 59kΩ = 88.5kΩ ⎝ REF ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ The adjustable version of the AAT2505, combined with an external feedforward capacitor (C8 in Figures 2 and 5), delivers enhanced transient response for extreme pulsed load applications. The addition of the feedforward capacitor typically requires a larger output capacitor C1 for stability. Ω R2 = 59kΩ Ω R2 = 221kΩ VOUT (V) Ω) R1 (kΩ Ω) R1 (kΩ 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.85 2.0 2.5 3.3 19.6 29.4 39.2 49.9 59.0 68.1 78.7 88.7 118 124 137 187 267 75 113 150 187 221 261 301 332 442 464 523 715 1000 Table 2: Adjustable Resistor Values For Use With 0.6V Step-Down Converter. 17 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator LX1 VOUTBUCK C7 0.01µF C1 4.7µF1 C2 10µF U1 VIN1 3 4 3 2 1 5 6 LDO Input C3 10µF R1 Table 3 AAT2505 1 2 L1 Table 3 C9 n/a PGND SGND LX FB VP EN VCC ENLDO IN GND OUT POK 12 11 C81 R2 59k 10 9 8 7 C4 4.7µF 3 2 1 Buck Enable 3 2 1 LDO Enable GND GND R3 100k VOUTLDO 1 POK Figure 5: AAT2505 Evaluation Board Schematic. Thermal Calculations There are three types of losses associated with the AAT2505 step-down converter: switching losses, conduction losses, and quiescent current losses. Conduction losses are associated with the RDS(ON) characteristics of the power output switching devices. Switching losses are dominated by the gate charge of the power output switching devices. At full load, assuming continuous conduction mode (CCM), a simplified form of the step-down converter and LDO losses is given by: IQBUCK is the step-down converter quiescent current and IQLDO is the LDO quiescent current. The term tsw is used to estimate the full load step-down converter switching losses. For the condition where the buck converter is in dropout at 100% duty cycle, the total device dissipation reduces to: PTOTAL = IOBUCK2 · RDSON(H) + IOLDO · (VIN - VOLDO) + (IQBUCK + IQLDO) · VIN PTOTAL = IOBUCK2 · (RDSON(H) · VOBUCK + RDSON(L) · [VIN - VOBUCK]) VIN + (tsw · FS · IOBUCK + IQBUCK + IQLDO) · VIN + IOLDO · (VIN - VOLDO) Since RDS(ON), quiescent current, and switching losses all vary with input voltage, the total losses should be investigated over the complete input voltage range. 1. For step-down converter, enhanced transient configuration C8 = 100pF and C1 = 10µF. 18 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Given the total losses, the maximum junction temperature can be derived from the θJA for the TDFN33-12 package which is 50°C/W. TJ(MAX) = PTOTAL · ΘJA + TAMB PCB Layout The following guidelines should be used to ensure a proper layout. 1. The input capacitor C2 should connect as closely as possible to VP and PGND, as shown in Figure 4. 2. The output capacitor and inductor should be connected as closely as possible. The connection of the inductor to the LX pin should also be as short as possible. 2505.2006.06.1.1 3. The feedback trace should be separate from any power trace and connect as closely as possible to the load point. Sensing along a high-current load trace will degrade DC load regulation. If external feedback resistors are used, they should be placed as closely as possible to the FB pin. This prevents noise from being coupled into the high impedance feedback node. 4. The resistance of the trace from the load return to GND should be kept to a minimum. This will help to minimize any error in DC regulation due to differences in the potential of the internal signal ground and the power ground. 5. For good thermal coupling, PCB vias are required from the pad for the TDFN paddle to the ground plane. The via diameter should be 0.3mm to 0.33mm and positioned on a 1.2mm grid. 19 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Step-Down Converter Design Example Specifications VOBUCK = 1.8V @ 400mA (adjustable using 0.6V version), Pulsed Load ΔILOAD = 300mA VOLDO = 3.3V @ 300mA VIN = 2.7V to 4.2V (3.6V nominal) FS = 1.4MHz TAMB = 85°C 1.8V Buck Output Inductor L1 = 3 µsec µsec ⋅ VO2 = 3 ⋅ 1.8V = 5.4µH A A (use 4.7µH; see Table 1) For Sumida inductor CDRH3D16, 4.7µH, DCR = 105mΩ. ΔIL1 = ⎛ VO V ⎞ 1.8V 1.8V ⎞ ⎛ ⋅ 1- O = ⋅ 1= 156mA L1 ⋅ FS ⎝ VIN ⎠ 4.7μH ⋅ 1.4MHz ⎝ 4.2V ⎠ IPKL1 = IO + ΔIL1 = 0.4A + 0.068A = 0.468A 2 PL1 = IO2 ⋅ DCR = 0.4A2 ⋅ 105mΩ = 17mW 1.8V Buck Output Capacitor VDROOP = 0.1V COUT = 3 · ΔILOAD 3 · 0.3A = = 6.4µF; use 10µF VDROOP · FS 0.1V · 1.4MHz IRMS = (VO) · (VIN(MAX) - VO) 1 1.8V · (4.2V - 1.8V) · = 45mArms = L1 · FS · VIN(MAX) 2 · 3 4.7µH · 1.4MHz · 4.2V 2· 3 1 · Pesr = esr · IRMS2 = 5mΩ · (45mA)2 = 10µW 20 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator 1.8V Buck Input Capacitor Input Ripple VPP = 25mV CIN = IRMS = 1 ⎛ VPP ⎞ - ESR · 4 · FS ⎝ IOBUCK ⎠ = 1 = 4.75μF ⎛ 25mV ⎞ - 5mΩ · 4 · 1.4MHz ⎝ 0.4A ⎠ IOBUCK = 0.2Arms 2 P = esr · IRMS2 = 5mΩ · (0.2A)2 = 0.2mW AAT2505 Total Losses PTOTAL = IOBUCK2 · (RDSON(H) · VOBUCK + RDSON(L) · [VIN - VOBUCK]) VIN + (tsw · FS · IOBUCK + IQBUCK + IQLDO) · VIN + (VIN - VOLDO) · IOLDO = 0.42 · (0.725Ω · 1.8V + 0.7Ω · [4.2V - 1.8V]) 4.2V + (5ns · 1.4MHz · 0.4A + 50µA +125µA) · 4.2V + (4.2V - 3.3V) · 0.3A = 395mW TJ(MAX) = TAMB + ΘJA · PLOSS = 85°C + (50°C/W) · 395mW = 105°C 2505.2006.06.1.1 21 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator VOUT (V) Ω) R1 (kΩ Ω) R1 (kΩ Adjustable Version (0.6V device) Ω R2 = 59kΩ Ω1 R2 = 221kΩ 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.85 2.0 2.5 3.3 19.6 29.4 39.2 49.9 59.0 68.1 78.7 88.7 118 124 137 187 267 75.0 113 150 187 221 261 301 332 442 464 523 715 1000 VOUT (V) Ω) R1 (kΩ Fixed Version R2 Not Used 0.6-3.3V 0 L1 (µH) 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 or 6.8 10 10 L1 (µH) 4.7 Table 3: Evaluation Board Component Values. Manufacturer Sumida Sumida MuRata MuRata MuRata Coilcraft Coilcraft Coiltronics Coiltronics Coiltronics Coiltronics Part Number Inductance (µH) Max DC Current (A) DCR Ω) (Ω Size (mm) LxWxH Type CDRH3D16-4R7 CDRH3D16/HP100 LQH32CN4R7M23 LQH32CN4R7M33 LQH32CN4R7M53 LPO6610-472 LPO3310-472 SDRC10-4R7 SDR10-4R7 SD3118-4R7 SD18-4R7 4.7 10 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 0.90 0.84 0.45 0.65 0.65 1.10 0.80 1.53 1.30 0.98 1.77 0.11 0.23 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.27 0.117 0.122 0.122 0.082 4.0x4.0x1.8 4.0x4.0x1.8 2.5x3.2x2.0 2.5x3.2x2.0 2.5x3.2x1.55 5.5x6.6x1.0 3.3x3.3x1.0 4.5x3.6x1.0 5.7x4.4x1.0 3.1x3.1x1.85 5.2x5.2x1.8 Shielded Shielded Non-Shielded Non-Shielded Non-Shielded 1mm 1mm 1mm Shielded 1mm Shielded Shielded Shielded Table 4: Typical Surface Mount Inductors. 1. For reduced quiescent current R2 = 221kΩ. 22 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Manufacturer MuRata MuRata Part Number Value Voltage Temp. Co. Case GRM219R61A475KE19 GRM21BR60J106KE19 4.7µF 10µF 10V 6.3V X5R X5R 0805 0805 Table 5: Surface Mount Capacitors. 2505.2006.06.1.1 23 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator Ordering Information Voltage Package Buck Converter LDO Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 TDFN33-12 Adj. 2.8V POXYY AAT2505IWP-AQ-T1 TDFN33-12 Adj. 2.6V PPXYY AAT2505IWP-AO-T1 All AnalogicTech products are offered in Pb-free packaging. The term “Pb-free” means semiconductor products that are in compliance with current RoHS standards, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. For more information, please visit our website at http://www.analogictech.com/pbfree. Legend Voltage Adjustable (0.6V) 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.85 2.9 3.0 3.3 4.2 Code A B E G I Y N O P Q R S T W C 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD. 24 2505.2006.06.1.1 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator TDFN33-12 2.40 ± 0.05 Detail "B" 3.00 ± 0.05 Index Area (D/2 x E/2) 0.3 ± 0.10 0.16 0.375 ± 0.125 0.075 ± 0.075 3.00 ± 0.05 1.70 ± 0.05 Top View Bottom View Pin 1 Indicator (optional) 0.23 ± 0.05 Detail "A" 0.45 ± 0.05 0.1 REF 0.05 ± 0.05 Side View 0.229 ± 0.051 + 0.05 0.8 -0.20 7.5° ± 7.5° Option A: C0.30 (4x) max Chamfered corner Option B: R0.30 (4x) max Round corner Detail "B" Detail "A" All dimensions in millimeters. 2505.2006.06.1.1 25 AAT2505 Dual Channel, Step-Down Converter/Linear Regulator © Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech product. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. AnalogicTech warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with AnalogicTech’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed. AnalogicTech and the AnalogicTech logo are trademarks of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated. All other brand and product names appearing in this document are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. 830 E. Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Phone (408) 737-4600 Fax (408) 737-4611 26 2505.2006.06.1.1