����������������������������������������� ������������ �������������������������������������������������������������� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � FEATURES • • • • • HIGH VOLTAGE — 450V (±225V) LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT — 2mA HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT — 100mA PROGRAMMABLE CURRENT LIMIT LOW BIAS CURRENT — FET Input PATENTED APPLICATIONS • • • • 8-PIN TO-3 PACKAGE STYLE CE PIEZOELECTRIC POSITIONING HIGH VOLTAGE INSTRUMENTATION ELECTROSTATIC TRANSDUCERS PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 440V TYPICAL APPLICATION �� DESCRIPTION �� � The PA88 is a high voltage, low quiescent current MOSFET operational amplifier designed for output currents up to 100mA. Output voltages can swing up to ±215V with a dual supply and up to +440 volts with a single supply. The safe operating area (SOA) has no second breakdown limitations and can be observed with all types of loads by choosing an appropriate current limiting resistor. High accuracy is achieved with a cascode input circuit configuration. All internal biasing is referenced to a bootstrapped zener-MOSFET current source. As a result, the PA88 features an unprecedented supply range and excellent supply rejection. The MOSFET output stage is biased on for linear operation. External compensation provides user flexibility. This hybrid circuit utilizes beryllia (BeO) substrates, thick film resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The use of compressible thermal isolation washers and/or improper mounting torque will void the product warranty. Please see “General Operating Considerations”. � �� ����������� �������� ����� ������� ������� �� � LOW POWER, PIEZOELECTRIC POSITIONING Piezo positioning may be applied to the focusing of segmented mirror systems. The composite mirror may be composed of hundreds of elements, each requiring focusing under computer control. In such complex systems the PA88’s advantage of low quiescent power consumption reduces the costs of power supplies and cooling, while providing the interface between the computer and the high voltage drive to the piezo positioners. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS ��� �� �� �� �� ���� � � ���� � �� ���� �� � �� �� � � ������������������ � ��� ��� � �������� ��� �� �� ��� �� � ��� � � ��� ���� � ��� � ��� ���� � ��� ���� EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC � ��� �� � ���� ���� � �� �� ��� ���� ���� ���� ����� ���� �� � ���� �� �� ����� ����� ����� � ����� �� ���� ������������������ �������������� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� ��� � APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL [email protected] 1 PA88 • PA88A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SPECIFICATIONS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +VS to –VS OUTPUT CURRENT, source, sink POWER DISSIPATION, continuous @ TC = 25°C INPUT VOLTAGE, differential INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode TEMPERATURE, pin solder - 10s max TEMPERATURE, junction2 TEMPERATURE, storage OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case SPECIFICATIONS PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS 1 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. time BIAS CURRENT, initial3 BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply OFFSET CURRENT, initial3 INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC INPUT CAPACITANCE COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE4 COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC NOISE VCM = ±90V 100kHz BW, RS = 1KΩ, CC = 15pf GAIN OPEN LOOP, @ 15Hz GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT at 1MHz POWER BANDWIDTH PHASE MARGIN RL = 2KΩ, CC = OPEN RL = 2KΩ, CC = 15pf, RC = 100Ω RL = 2KΩ, CC = 15pf, RC = 100Ω Full temperature range OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING4 VOLTAGE SWING4 CURRENT, continuous SLEW RATE, AV = 20 SLEW RATE, AV = 100 CAPACITIVE LOAD, AV = +1 SETTLING TIME to .1% RESISTANCE, no load Full temp. range, IO = ±75mA Full temp. range, IO = ±20mA TC = 85°C CC = 15pf, RC = 100Ω CC = OPEN Full temperature range CC = 15pf, RC = 100Ω, 2V step RCL = 0 POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE6 CURRENT, quiescent, THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case5 RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case RESISTANCE, junction to air TEMPERATURE RANGE, case MIN Full temperature range See note 6 Full temperature range, F > 60Hz Full temperature range, F < 60Hz Full temperature range Meets full range specifications ±VS–15 90 96 PA88 TYP .5 10 1 75 5 .01 2.5 1011 4 MAX –25 30 UNITS .5 10 * * * mV µV/°C µV/V µV/√kh pA pA/V pA Ω pF V dB µVrms * * * * * dB MHz kHz ° * * * * * * * V V mA V/µs V/µs pf µs Ω 100 * * 111 2.1 6 60 * ±225 2 * 5.0 8.3 +85 PA88A TYP MAX 50 110 2 ±200 1.7 MIN 2 30 5 ±VS–16 ±VS–14 ±VS–10 ±VS–5.2 ±100 8 30 470 10 100 ±15 450V See SOA 15W ±25V ±VS 300°C 150°C –65 to +150°C –55 to +125°C * .25 5 * * 3 * 3 * * 10 20 * * * * * * * V mA * * °C/W °C/W °C/W °C * NOTES: * The specification of PA88A is identical to the specification for PA88 in applicable column to the left. 1. Unless otherwise noted: TC = 25°C, compensation = CC = 68pF, RC = 100Ω. DC input specifications are ± value given. Power supply voltage is typical rating. 2. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. 3. Doubles for every 10°C of temperature increase. 4. +VS and –VS denote the positive and negative power supply rail respectively. 5. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz. 6. Derate max supply rating .625 V/°C below 25°C case. No derating needed above 25°C case. CAUTION The PA88 is constructed from MOSFET transistors. ESD handling procedures must be observed. The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850°C to avoid generating toxic fumes. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD • TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 • USA • APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739 2 PA88 • PA88A TYPICAL PERFORMANCE GRAPHS �������������� �������������� ������ ��� ��������� ��� ��������� ���� ���� ��������� ���� � � �� �� �� ��� ��� ������������������� ��� ���� �� � � � � �� ��� ���� � ����� � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �������������������������������� ������������������������������� �� � ��������������������� ��� ��� �� �� �� �� � �� ��� �� ��� ��� ����������������� �� �� �� �� ��� �� ����������������� � ��� �� �� � � � � �� ���������������������� ��� ��� ��� �� �� �� �� � �� ��� �� ��� ��� ����������������� �� ��� �� ��� ����������������� �� ������������� ��� ��� ��� ���� �� �� �� ��� ��� ����������������� ����������� �� ��� ������������������������ ��������������� � �������������������������������� ����������������� � � �� ��� ��������� ��������� ������� �� �� �� �� �� ����������������������� �� ������������������� �� �� �������� ������� ��� ��� � ������� �� ��� � ��� �� ��� �� ��������� �� �������� �� � ��� �� ��� ��� �� ��� ����������������� �������������� ��� �������� �� �������� �� �� �������������������� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���������������������������� �� � � ��� �� � ��� �� ��������� �� ���� �� �� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� �� ��� ����������������� �� �� � ������ ��� � ������ ���� �� ��������� � �� �� � ����� ��� ��� �� ��������� �� ���������� ���� � ��� �� ���������� �� ������������������������������������ ��������������������� ��� ��������� ������������������������ ������ ��� ���������������������� ������������ ��� � ���������� ��� �� ��� �������������������������� ��� ���� ����������������� ��� � �������������������������������� ��������������������������������� �� �� �� �� �� �� � � �� �� �� ��� ��� ������������������������������� APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL [email protected] 3 OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS PA88 • PA88A GENERAL INPUT PROTECTION Please read Application Note 1 "General Operating Considerations" which covers stability, supplies, heat sinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Visit www.apexmicrotech.com for design tools that help automate tasks such as calculations for stability, internal power dissipation, current limit; heat sink selection; Apex’s complete Application Notes library; Technical Seminar Workbook; and Evaluation Kits. Although the PA88 can withstand differential input voltages up to ±25V, additional external protection is recommended, and required at total supply voltages above 300 volts. In most applications 1N4148 or 1N914 signal diodes are sufficient (D1, D2 in Figure 2a). In more demanding applications where low leakage or low capacitance are of concern 2N4416 or 2N54572N5459 JFETs connected as diodes will be required (Q1, Q2 in Figure 2b). In either case the input differential voltage will be clamped to ±.7V. This is sufficient overdrive to produce maximum power bandwidth. CURRENT LIMIT For proper operation, the current limit resistor (RCL) must be connected as shown in the external connection diagram. The minimum value is 3.5 ohm, however for optimum reliability the resistor value should be set as high as possible. The value is calculated as follows; with the maximum practical value of 150 ohms. .7 RCL = ILIM SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA) The MOSFET output stage of this power operational amplifier has two distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the MOSFET geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The junction temperature of the output MOSFETs. ��� ������������������������������������ ��� �� ��� �� ��� � �� �� �� ��� ��� �� � �� ��� �� �� ��� � � �� �� �� �� ��� � �� ��� �� � �� �� � �� ��������������������������������� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ����������������������������������������� NOTE: The output stage is protected against transient flyback. However, for protection against sustained, high energy flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used. POWER SUPPLY PROTECTION Unidirectional zener diode transient suppressors are recommended as protection on the supply pins. The zeners clamp transients to voltages within the power supply rating and also clamp power supply reversals to ground. Whether the zeners are used or not, the system power supply should be evaluated for transient performance including power-on overshoot and power-off polarity reversal as well as line regulation. Conditions which can cause open circuits or polarity reversals on either power supply rail should be avoided or protected against. Reversals or opens on the negative supply rail is known to induce input stage failure. Unidirectional transzorbs prevent this, and it is desirable that they be both electrically and physically as close to the amplifier as possible. STABILITY The PA88 has sufficient phase margin to be stable with most capacitive loads at a gain of 4 or more, using the recommended phase ��� �� compensation. The PA88 is exter�� nally compensated and performance can � � be tailored to the ��� application. Use the �� �� ���� graphs of small signal response and power ��� � � response as a guide. The compensation �� capacitor C C must be rated at 500V ��� working voltage. An �� ��� NPO capacitor is �� recommended. The compensation net� work CCRC must be � ��� mounted closely to �� �� ���� the amplifier pins 7 and 8 to avoid spuri- ��� � ous oscillation. � �� ��� FIGURE 2. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION This data sheet has been carefullyCORPORATION checked and is believed to be NORTH reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies omissions. All specificationsHOTLINE: are subject to1change notic APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY • 5980 SHANNON ROAD • TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 •orUSA • APPLICATIONS (800)without 546-2739 4 PA88U REV L FEBRUARY 2005 © 2005 Apex Microtechnology Corp.