TM MP1519L 1x, 1.5x, 2x High Efficiency Charge Pump 3 White LED Driver The Future of Analog IC Technology TM DESCRIPTION FEATURES The MP1519L is a fully automatic driver for powering three white LEDs, with up to 4V forward voltage, from a single Li-Ion or three NiMH cells. The driver performs all of the sensing and control to run the LEDs at an optimum charge pump ratio for efficiency without an expensive inductor. The driver allows PWM operation to support brightness control. • • • • • • • • • • • • • The tiny 3mm x 3mm QFN16 package and small external capacitors allow for the most compact white LED solution available. EVALUATION BOARD REFERENCE 2% LED Current Matching High Efficiency (>93%) Current Source Outputs No Ballast Resistors Required 1x, 1.5x and 2x Automatic Modes Constant Frequency Operation Automatic LED Detection High and Low Frequency PWM Capability 2.5V to 5.5V Operation Less than 1µA Leakage during Shutdown Detects Changes in Battery Level No External Schottky Diode Required Soft-Start and Soft Switching Operation APPLICATIONS Board Number Dimensions EV1519DQL-00A 2.4”X x 1.9”Y x 0.4”Z • • • Cell Phones PDA or Hand Held Computers White LED Application at 3.6V Supply “MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are Trademarks of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. TYPICAL APPLICATION MP1519L BATT ENABLE 5, 13 12 BATT C1A EN C1B Efficiency vs Supply Voltage 4 7 100 90 GND 3, 10 RADJ GND C2A C2B LED1 LED2 8 LEDC LED3 6 EFFICIENCY (%) 11 9 14 15 ILED=5mA ILED=20mA 80 70 60 50 ILED=10mA 40 30 20 16 LED3 MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 VLED = 3.23V @ 20mA LED2 LED1 10 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 4.5 1 TM MP1519L – 1X, 1.5X, 2X CHARGE PUMP 3 WHITE LED DRIVER ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) PACKAGE REFERENCE VBATT to GND .............................................. 6.5V Power Dissipation (QFN) .......................... 1.0 W Logic Inputs to GND ..................... –0.3V to 6.5V Storage Temperature ...............–65 °C to 150°C Junction Temperature...............................150°C TOP VIEW PIN 1 ID LED3 LED2 LED1 BATT 16 15 14 13 NC 1 12 EN NC 2 11 RADJ GND 3 10 GND C1A 4 9 C2B 5 6 BATT C2A 7 Recommended Operating Conditions Input Voltage VBATT ......................... 2.5V to 5.5V Operating Temperature .............–40°C to +85°C Thermal Resistance 8 MP1519DQL MP1519DQTL * Package QFN16 (3mm x 3mm) Thin QFN16 (3mm x 3mm) (3) θJA θJC 3x3 QFN16 ............................. 60 ...... 12... °C/W 3x3 TQFN16 ........................... 60 ...... 12... °C/W C1B LEDC EXPOSED PAD CONNECT TO PIN 8 Part Number* (2) Temperature –40°C to +85°C Notes: 1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 2) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 3) Measured on approximately 1” square of 1 oz copper. –40°C to +85°C For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (eg. MP1519DQL–Z) For RoHS compliant packaging, add suffix –LF (eg. MP1519DQL–LF–Z) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VBATT = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Input Supply Voltage Symbol VBATT VBATT at 1x to 1.5x Mode Switch VBATT 1x-1.5x VBATT at 1.5x to 2x Mode Switch VBATT 1.5x-2x VBATT at 2x to 1.5x Mode Switch VBATT 2x-1.5x VBATT at 1.5x to 1x Mode Switch VBATT 1.5x-1x Supply Current IBATT Supply Current Shutdown Current Matching (4) Enable Voltage, High Enable Voltage, Low Enable Pin Leakage Charge Pump Frequency Time to Standby Mode (5) Enable Pin PWM Frequency Limit LED Current IBATT SHDN ILED MATCH VEN (HIGH) VEN (LOW) IEN FCP TOFF FHPWM ILED Condition Min 2.5 ILED = 20mA, VBATT Decreasing, VLED = 3.35V @ 20mA ILED = 20mA, VBATT Decreasing, VLED = 3.35V @ 20mA VBATT Increasing, VLED = 3.35V @ 20mA VBATT Increasing, VLED = 3.35V @ 20mA 3 LEDs at 20mA, 2x Mode, VBATT = 2.5V VEN = 0V ILED = 20mA 0.8 VEN = 5V VBATT = 3.3V Enable Switched Low 1.0 RSET = 1.54kΩ 18 Typ Max 5.5 Units V 3.6 V 2.8 V 3.1 V 3.8 V 124 140 mA 0.1 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.1 1.3 30 50 20 1 5 2.0 µA % V V µA MHz µs KHz mA 1 1.6 22 Notes: 4) Matching is defined as the difference of the maximum to minimum current divided by the sum of the maximum and minimum currents. 5) Standby mode switches to shutdown when the output voltage on LEDC drifts back to GND. MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 2 TM MP1519L – 1X, 1.5X, 2X CHARGE PUMP 3 WHITE LED DRIVER TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Voltage Ripple in 1.5x Mode 3 x 10mA LEDs VBATT 20mV/div. VLEDC 20mV/div. Startup in 1x Mode Startup in 1.5x Mode 3 x 10mA LEDs 3 x 10mA LEDs VEN 2V/div. VEN 2V/div. VLEDC 1V/div. VLEDC 1V/div. IBATT 100mA/div. IBATT 100mA/div. Analog Dimming 16 Circuit of Figure 3, VBATT = 3.6V 12 LED3 LED CURRENT (mA) LED CURRENT (mA) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 LED Current Matching 0 1 2 DC VOLTAGE (V) 3 11 10 9 LED2 LED1 8 7 6 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 4.5 3 TM MP1519L – 1X, 1.5X, 2X CHARGE PUMP 3 WHITE LED DRIVER PIN FUNCTIONS Pin # 1, 2 3, 10 4 5, 13 6 7 8 9 11 12 14 15 16 Name Description NC No Connect. GND Ground. Charge Pump Capacitor #1 Positive Node. Connect the positive side of the #1 charge pump C1A capacitor to C1A. Typical applications require C1 to be 1µF. Battery Power Input. Connect the 2.5V to 5.5V input source between BATT and GND. Bypass BATT BATT to GND with a 1µF or greater capacitor. Charge Pump Capacitor #2 Positive Node. Connect the positive side of the #2 charge pump C2A capacitor to C2A. Typical applications require C2 to be 1µF. Charge Pump Capacitor #1 Negative Node. Connect the negative side of the #1 charge pump C1B capacitor to C1B. LED Common for the Cathodes. Connect the cathodes of the LEDs to LEDC and to a 4.7µF LEDC bypass capacitor. Do not connect to any other ground, supply or pin. Note: Exposed pad on backside is connected to this pin. Do Not Ground. Charge Pump Capacitor #2 Negative Node. Connect the negative side of the #2 charge pump C2B capacitor to C2B. LED Current Adjust Input. Connect a resistor between RADJ and GND to set the LED current. RADJ All of the LEDs regulate at the same current. See Setting the LED Current. Enable Input. Drive EN high to turn on the MP1519L, drive EN low to shutdown the MP1519L. EN To use burst-mode brightness control, drive EN with a PWM signal. See Burst Mode Dimming. #1 LED Driver. Connect the #1 LED between LED1 and LEDC, with the anode at LED1, and LED1 the cathode at LEDC. #2 LED Driver. Connect the #2 LED between LED2 and LEDC, with the anode at LED2, and LED2 the cathode at LEDC. #3 LED Driver. Connect the #3 LED between LED3 and LEDC, with the anode at LED3, and LED3 the cathode at LEDC. MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 4 TM MP1519L – 1X, 1.5X, 2X CHARGE PUMP 3 WHITE LED DRIVER OPERATION The MP1519L is a charge pump that drives 3 LEDs from a 2.5V to 5.5V input voltage. It automatically switches between 1x, 1.5x and 2x charge pump modes to optimize efficiency while maintaining LED current regulation. The MP1519L employs soft switching and soft-start to prevent overloading the battery source at turn-on and charge pump mode switching. While operating, the MP1519L continually monitors the LED current and battery voltage and automatically switches between charge pump modes to retain LED current regulation through all LEDs as the battery voltage fluctuates. Three drivers independently regulate the current through the LEDs, therefore matching LEDs are not required. BATT BATT 5, 13 FAULT BATTERY SENSOR FAULT ENABLE EN CURRENT SOURCE LED1 CURRENT SOURCE LED2 CURRENT SOURCE LED3 14 15 CONTROLLER 12 FAULT 16 SHUTDOWN LED ENABLE RADJ 11 ISET CURRENT GENERATOR PUMP SOFT MODE START LED3 LED2 LED1 LEDC 8 C1A 1.25V BANDGAP REFERENCE 4 CHARGE PUMP C1B 7 C2A 6 GND 3, 10 C2B 9 Figure 1—Functional Block Diagram MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 5 TM MP1519L – 1X, 1.5X, 2X CHARGE PUMP 3 WHITE LED DRIVER APPLICATION INFORMATION COMPONENT SELECTION Startup When power is applied to the BATT, driving EN high will enable the MP1519L. The MP1519L begins by checking for open LEDs and determining the optimum charge pump mode. The lowest charge pump mode that allows the programmed LED current in all LEDs is set. This will occur during initial turn-on or during analog mode and burst mode dimming. Shutdown Driving EN low for more than 30µs will disable the MP1519L. For safety the MP1519L runs a small supervisory circuit in standby to protect the charge pump output LEDC. The circuit shuts down when the charge pump output returns to zero volts (this can take a few seconds). The MP1519L is in true shutdown mode when LEDC is zero and the 30µs time interval has passed. The supply current should be less than 1µA. Setting the LED Current The LED regulation current is set through the resistor R1 (refer to the typical application circuit on page 1). The voltage across R1 is fixed at 1.25V, and the current through that resistor sets the current through the LEDs. Figure 2 shows LED Current (ILED) vs. R1 with VBATT = 3.6V. LED CURRENT (mA) 25 20 R1= 31.25 ILED Where R1 is in kΩ, and ILED is in mA. Suitable values for R1 are greater than 1.2kΩ. Soft-Start During startup and mode switching, an internal soft-start prevents excessive input current, preventing excessive loading of the battery or input power source. Burst Mode Dimming To dim the part using burst mode, drive EN with a PWM signal. Each time EN is driven high, the MP1519L goes through the initial startup routine and checks for open LEDs, and the charge pump step-up mode is reset. When EN goes low, the LED current immediately goes to zero. After EN is held low for 30µs or longer, and LEDC falls below GND, the MP1519L operating current drops below 1µA to improve battery life. Maintain the frequency of the PWM signal between 50Hz and 50KHz. Going above 50KHz the accuracy of the PWM signal will be degraded due to the startup time, and below 50Hz, the LED flicker will be evident to the eye. Ideally, the LED current increases proportionally with the duty cycle of the PWM signal and is independent of the dimming frequency. Analog Mode Dimming Analog dimming can be accomplished with the circuit in Figure 3. The circuit provides 1mA to 15mA dimming with VDC = 0 to 3V. The minimum LED current the MP1519L can regulate is approximately 1mA. 15 10 5 0 Choose R1 for the desired LED current according to the equation: 0 5 10 15 20 Figure 2—ILED vs. R1 MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 6 TM MP1519L – 1X, 1.5X, 2X CHARGE PUMP 3 WHITE LED DRIVER LEDC Do not drive or force LEDC as it may be shorted to ground or may be pumped down by the controller in the MP1519L at any time. Excessive capacitance on the LEDC node can cause the internal controller to time out before the charge pump can be ready. Missing the timeouts will cause excessive pumping and a loss of efficiency. The MP1519L requires C1 and C2 be of the same value and type. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT BATT ENABLE VDC 0V to 3V GND 5, 13 MP1519L BATT C1A EN C1B RADJ C2A GND C2B 12 7 11 3, 10 6 9 LED1 LED2 8 4 LEDC LED3 14 15 16 LED3 LED2 LED1 Figure 3—Analog Dimming Circuit MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 7 TM MP1519L – 1X, 1.5X, 2X CHARGE PUMP 3 WHITE LED DRIVER PACKAGE INFORMATION QFN16 (3mm x 3mm) 2.90 3.10 1.50 1.80 0.30 0.50 PIN 1 ID MARKING 0.18 0.30 2.90 3.10 PIN 1 ID INDEX AREA 13 16 12 PIN 1 ID SEE DETAIL A 1 1.50 1.80 0.50 BSC 4 9 5 8 TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW PIN 1 ID OPTION A 0.30x45” TYP. PIN 1 ID OPTION B R0.20 TYP. 0.80 1.00 0.20 REF 0.00 0.05 DETAIL A SIDE VIEW 2.90 NOTE: 1.70 1) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2) EXPOSED PADDLE SIZE DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 3) LEAD COPLANARITY SHALL BE 0.10 MILLIMETER MAX. 4) DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MO-220, VARIATION VEED-4. 5) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE. 0.70 0.25 0.50 RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 8 TM MP1519L – 1X, 1.5X, 2X CHARGE PUMP 3 WHITE LED DRIVER TQFN16 (3mm x 3mm) 2.90 3.10 1.50 1.80 0.30 0.50 PIN 1 ID MARKING 0.18 0.30 2.90 3.10 PIN 1 ID INDEX AREA 13 16 12 PIN 1 ID SEE DETAIL A 1 1.50 1.80 0.50 BSC 4 9 5 8 TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW PIN 1 ID OPTION A 0.30x45” TYP. PIN 1 ID OPTION B R0.20 TYP. 0.70 0.80 0.20 REF 0.00 0.05 DETAIL A SIDE VIEW 2.90 NOTE: 1.70 1) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2) EXPOSED PADDLE SIZE DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 3) LEAD COPLANARITY SHALL BE 0.10 MILLIMETER MAX. 4) DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MO-220, VARIATION WEED-4. 5) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE. 0.70 0.25 0.50 RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN NOTICE: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Users should warrant and guarantee that third party Intellectual Property rights are not infringed upon when integrating MPS products into any application. MPS will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. MP1519L Rev. 1.3 7/27/2006 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2006 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 9