ar y n i im prel iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR Rev A0.2, Page 1/9 FEATURES APPLICATIONS ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Optical line sensors ♦ CCD substitute 64 active photo pixels of 56 µm at a pitch of 63.5 µm (400 DPI) Integrating L-V conversion followed by a sample & hold circuit High sensitivity and uniformity over wavelength High clock rates of up to 5 MHz Only 64 clocks required for readout Shutter function enables flexible integration times Glitch-free analogue output Push-pull output amplifier 5 V single supply operation PACKAGES oBGA LFM1C BLOCK DIAGRAM VCC VDD STEUERUNG UND SCHIEBEREGISTER Sample−and−Hold− Steuerung CLK NS NS Q C SI NQ NQ Bit 2 Bit 1 NRCI Q C D D C Q Q C Q D D NQ NR NQ NR NQ NR Bit 3 RPIX(1:64) SNH C D Bit 63 Bit 64 SNH64 FOTODIODENZEILE DIS Pixel 1 Pixel 2 Pixel 64 PIXEI PIXOI RSET ONE VHE REF iC−LFM PIXEL− MULTIPLEXER VERSORGUNG AGND Copyright © 2012 iC-Haus AO VHO AUSGANGS− VERSTÄRKER GND http://www.ichaus.com ar y n i im prel iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR Rev A0.2, Page 2/9 DESCRIPTION iC-LFM is an integrating light-to-voltage converter with a single line of 64 pixels pitched at 63.5 µm (center-to-center distance). Each pixel consists of a 56.4 µm x 200 µm photodiode, an integration capacitor and a sample and hold circuit. The integrated control logic makes operation very simple, with only a start and clock signal necessary. A third control input enables the integration period to be paused at any time (electronic shutter). With the start signal the hold mode is activated for all pixels simultaneously with the next rising clock edge; starting with pixel 1 the hold voltages are switched in sequence to the push-pull output amplifier. The second clock pulse deletes all integration capacitors and the integration period starts again in the background during the output phase. A run is complete after 64 clock pulses. iC-LFM is suitable for high clock rates of up to 5 MHz. If this is not required the supply current can be reduced via the external bias setting. PACKAGES oBGA LFM1C PIN CONFIGURATION oBGA LFM1C 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 PIN FUNCTIONS No. Name Function 1 2 3 4 5 SI CLK AO VCC RSET Start Integration Input Clock Input Analogue Output +5 V Supply Voltage Bias Current (connected to GND for internal bias = default; resistor from VCC to RSET for reduced current consumption) 6 AGND Analogue Ground 7 GND Digital Ground 8 DIS Global Shutter ar y n i im prel iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR Rev A0.2, Page 3/9 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Beyond these values damage may occur; device operation is not guaranteed. Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Max. G001 VDD Digital Supply Voltage -0.3 6 V G002 VCC Analogue Supply Voltage -0.3 6 V G003 V() Voltage at SI, CLK, DIS, RSET, AO -0.3 VCC + 0.3 V G004 I() Current in RSET, AO -10 10 mA G005 Vd() ESD Susceptibility at all pins 4 kV G006 Tj Operating Junction Temperature 125 °C HBM, 100 pF/1.5 kΩ -40 THERMAL DATA Operating Conditions: VCC = VDD = 5 V ±10% Item No. T01 Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Ta Operating Ambient Temperature Range see package specification oBGA™ LFM1C All voltages are referenced to ground unless otherwise stated. All currents flowing into the device pins are positive; all currents flowing out of the device pins are negative. Typ. Max. iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR ar y n i im prel Rev A0.2, Page 4/9 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VCC = VDD = 5 V ±10%, RSET = GND, Tj = -25...85 °C unless otherwise noted Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Typ. Max. Total Device 001 VDD Digital Supply Voltage Range 4.5 5.5 002 003 VCC Analogue Supply Voltage Range 4.5 5.5 I(VDD) Supply Current in VDD 004 I(VCC) Supply Current in VCC 2 7 mA 005 Vc()hi Clamp Voltage hi at SI, CLK, DIS, Vc()hi = V() − VCC; I() = 1 mA RSET 0.3 1.8 V 006 Vc()lo Clamp Voltage lo at SI, CLK, DIS, Vc()hi = V() − V(AGND); I() = -1 mA RSET -1.5 0.3 V 007 Vc()hi Clamp Voltage hi at AO Vc()hi = V(AO) − VCC; I(AO) = 1 mA 0.3 1.5 V 008 Vc()lo Clamp Voltage lo at AO, VCC, VDD, GND Vc()lo = V() − V(AGND); I() = -1 mA -1.5 -0.3 V f(CLK) = 1 MHz f(CLK) = 5 MHz tbd tbd V V mA mA Photodiode Array 201 A() Radiant Sensitive Area 200 µm x 56.40 µm per Pixel 202 S(λ)max Spectral Sensitivity λ = 680 nm (see Fig. 1) 203 λar Spectral Application Range S(λar ) = 0.25 x S(λ)max (see Fig. 1) 0.01128 mm² 0.5 400 A/W 980 nm 0.5 V Analogue Output AO 301 Vs()lo Saturation Voltage lo I() = 1 mA 302 Vs()hi Saturation Voltage hi Vs()hi = VCC − V(), I() = -1 mA 303 K Sensitivity λ = 680 nm 304 V0() Offset Voltage integration time 1 ms, no illumination 800 mV 305 ∆V0() Offset Voltage Deviation during integration mode ∆V0() = V(AO)t1 − V(AO)t2, ∆t = t2 − t1 = 1 ms -250 50 mV 306 ∆V() Signal Deviation during hold mode ∆V0() = V(AO)t1 − V(AO)t2, ∆t = t2 − t1 = 1 ms -150 150 mV 307 tp(CLKAO) Settling Time Cl(AO) = 10 pF, CLK lo → hi until V(AO) = 0.98 x V(VCC) 200 ns 4.4 V 1 2.88 400 V V/pWs Power-On-Reset 801 VCCon Power-On Release by VCC 802 VCCoff Power-Down Reset by VCC 803 VCChys Hysteresis 1 VCChys = VCCon − VCCoff 0.4 I(RSET) = Ibias 2.5 V 1 2 V 100 µA 3.5 V V Bias Current Adjust RSET 901 Ibias() Permissible External Bias Current 902 Vref Reference Voltage 20 3 Input Interface SI, CLK, DIS B01 Vt()hi Threshold Voltage hi 1.4 1.8 B02 Vt()lo Threshold Voltage lo 0.9 1.2 V B03 Vt()hys Hysteresis 300 800 mV B04 I() Pull-Down Current B05 fclk Permissible Clock Frequency Vt()hys = Vt()hi − Vt()lo 10 30 50 µA 5 MHz ar y n i im prel iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR Rev A0.2, Page 5/9 OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Diagrams 100 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 400 600 800 1000 nm Figure 1: Relative spectral sensitivity OPERATING REQUIREMENTS: Logic Operating Conditions: VCC = VDD = 5 V ±10%, Tj = -25...85 °C input levels lo = 0...0.45 V, hi = 2.4 V...VCC, see Fig. 2 for reference levels Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Max. I001 tset Setup Time: SI stable before CLK lo → hi see Fig. 3 50 ns I002 thold Hold Time: SI stable after CLK lo → hi see Fig. 3 50 ns thold CLK V Input/Output 2.4V 2.0V SI 0.8V 0.45V t 1 0 Figure 2: Reference levels tset Figure 3: Timing diagram ar y n i im prel iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR Rev A0.2, Page 6/9 DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTIONS Normal operation Following an internal power-on reset the integration and hold capacitors are discharged and the sample and hold circuit is set to sample mode. A high signal at SI and a rising edge at CLK triggers a readout cycle and with it a new integration cycle. pixel 64 (SNH64 = 1) following suit one clock pulse later. This special procedure allows all pixels to be read out with just 64 clock pulses. The integration capacitors are discharged by a one clock long reset signal (NRCI = 0) which occurs between the 2nd and 3rd falling edge of the readout clock pulse (cf. Figure 4). After the 63 pixels have been read out these are again set to sample mode (SNH = 0), likewise for pixel 64 one clock pulse later (SNH64 = 0). In this process the hold capacitors of pixels 1 to 63 are switched to hold mode immediately (SNH = 1), with 62 63 Pix62 Pix63 64 1 2 3 Pix64 Pix1 Pix2 Pix3 ... 4 63 64 Pix63 Pix64 1 2 CLK SI V(AO) ... Pix1 SNH SNH64 NRCI Integrationszeit Pixel 1−63 Integrationszeit Pixel 64 Figure 4: Readout cycle and integration sequence If prior to the 64th clock pulse a high signal occurs at SI the present readout is halted and immediately re-initiated with pixel 1. In this instance the hold ca62 63 64 1 2 3 Pix63 Pix64 Pix1 Pix2 Pix3 4 pacitors retain their old value i.e. hold mode prevails (SNH/SNH64 = 0). 1 5 2 3 4 ... 64 1 2 CLK SI V(AO) Pix62 Pix4 Pix5 Pix1 Pix2 Pix3 Pix4 ... Pix64 Pix1 SNH SNH64 NRCI Figure 5: Restarting a readout cycle With more than 64 clock pulses until the next SI signal, pixel 1 is output without entering hold mode; the out- put voltage tracks the voltage of the pixel 1 integration capacitor. ar y n i im prel iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR Rev A0.2, Page 7/9 62 63 64 Pix62 Pix63 Pix64 1 2 3 Pix1 Pix2 Pix3 4 ... 63 65 64 66 67 CLK SI V(AO) Pix63 ... Pix64 Pix1 SNH SNH64 NRCI Integrationszeit Figure 6: Clock pulse continued without giving a new integration start signal the current integration capacitor voltages are maintained. If this pin is open or switched to GND the pixel photocurrents are summed up by the integration capacitors until the next successive SI signal follows. Operation with the shutter function Integration can be halted at any time via pin DIS, i.e. the photodiodes are disconnected from their corresponding integration capacitor when DIS is high and 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 63 64 1 CLK SI SNH NRCI DIS PIX SAMPLE−C Integration Disabled Integration Enabled Integration Disabled Figure 7: Defining the integration time via shutter input DIS External bias current setting In order to reduce the power consumption of the device an external reference current can be supplied to pin RSET which reduces the maximum readout frequency, however. To this end a resistor must be connected from VCC to RSET. If this pin is not used, it should be connected to GND. iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR ar y n i im prel Rev A0.2, Page 8/9 iC-Haus expressly reserves the right to change its products and/or specifications. An info letter gives details as to any amendments and additions made to the relevant current specifications on our internet website www.ichaus.de/infoletter; this letter is generated automatically and shall be sent to registered users by email. Copying – even as an excerpt – is only permitted with iC-Haus’ approval in writing and precise reference to source. iC-Haus does not warrant the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the specification and does not assume liability for any errors or omissions in these materials. The data specified is intended solely for the purpose of product description. No representations or warranties, either express or implied, of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or of any other nature are made hereunder with respect to information/specification or the products to which information refers and no guarantee with respect to compliance to the intended use is given. In particular, this also applies to the stated possible applications or areas of applications of the product. iC-Haus conveys no patent, copyright, mask work right or other trade mark right to this product. iC-Haus assumes no liability for any patent and/or other trade mark rights of a third party resulting from processing or handling of the product and/or any other use of the product. As a general rule our developments, IPs, principle circuitry and range of Integrated Circuits are suitable and specifically designed for appropriate use in technical applications, such as in devices, systems and any kind of technical equipment, in so far as they do not infringe existing patent rights. In principle the range of use is limitless in a technical sense and refers to the products listed in the inventory of goods compiled for the 2008 and following export trade statistics issued annually by the Bureau of Statistics in Wiesbaden, for example, or to any product in the product catalogue published for the 2007 and following exhibitions in Hanover (Hannover-Messe). We understand suitable application of our published designs to be state-of-the-art technology which can no longer be classed as inventive under the stipulations of patent law. Our explicit application notes are to be treated only as mere examples of the many possible and extremely advantageous uses our products can be put to. iC-LFM 64x1 LINEAR IMAGE SENSOR ar y n i im prel Rev A0.2, Page 9/9 ORDERING INFORMATION Type Package Order Designation iC-LFM oBGA™ LFM1C iC-LFM oBGA LFM1C For technical support, information about prices and terms of delivery please contact: iC-Haus GmbH Am Kuemmerling 18 D-55294 Bodenheim GERMANY Tel.: +49 (61 35) 92 92-0 Fax: +49 (61 35) 92 92-192 Web: http://www.ichaus.com E-Mail: [email protected] Appointed local distributors: http://www.ichaus.com/sales_partners