December 1993 LV8572A Low Voltage Real Time Clock (RTC) General Description The LV8572A is intended for use in microprocessor based systems where information is required for multi-tasking, data logging or general time of day/date information. This device is implemented in low voltage silicon gate microCMOS technology to provide low standby power in battery back-up environments. The circuit’s architecture is such that it looks like a contiguous block of memory or I/O ports. The address space is organized as 2 software selectable pages of 32 bytes. This includes the Control Registers, the Clock Counters, the Alarm Compare RAM, and the Time Save RAM. Any of the RAM locations that are not being used for their intended purpose may be used as general purpose CMOS RAM. Time and date are maintained from 1/100 of a second to year and leap year in a BCD format, 12 or 24 hour modes. Day of week, day of month and day of year counters are provided. Time is controlled by an on-chip crystal oscillator requiring only the addition of the crystal and two capacitors. The choice of crystal frequency is program selectable. Power failure logic and control functions have been integrated on chip. This logic is used by the RTC to issue a power fail interrupt, and lock out the mp interface. The time power fails may be logged into RAM automatically when VBB l VCC. Additionally, two supply pins are provided. When VBB l VCC, internal circuitry will automatically switch from the main supply to the battery supply. Status bits are provided to indicate initial application of battery power, system power, and low battery detect. (Continued) Features Y Y Y Y Y 3.3V g 10% supply Full function real time clock/calendar Ð 12/24 hour mode timekeeping Ð Day of week and day of years counters Ð Four selectable oscillator frequencies Ð Parallel resonant oscillator Power fail features Ð Internal power supply switch to external battery Ð Power Supply Bus glitch protection Ð Automatic log of time into RAM at power failure On-chip interrupt structure Ð Periodic, alarm, and power fail interrupts Up to 44 bytes of CMOS RAM Block Diagram TL/F/11417 – 1 FIGURE 1 TRI-STATEÉ is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation TL/F/11417 RRD-B30M105/Printed in U. S. A. LV8572A Real Time Clock (RTC) PRELIMINARY Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1 & 2) Operation Conditions Specifications for the 883 version of this product are listed separately. b 0.5V to a 7.0V Supply Voltage (VCC) b 0.5V to VCC a 0.5V DC Input Voltage (VIN) b 0.5V to VCC a 0.5V DC Output Voltage (VOUT) b 65§ C to a 150§ C Storage Temperature Range Power Dissipation (PD) 500 mW Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) 260§ C Supply Voltage (VCC) (Note 3) Supply Voltage (VBB) (Note 3) DC Input or Output Voltage (VIN, VOUT) Operation Temperature (TA) Electr-Static Discharge Rating Typical Values iJA DIP Board Socket iJA PLCC Board Socket Min Max Unit 3.0 3.6 V 2.2 VCCb0.4 V 0.0 VCC V b 40 a 85 §C kV 1 61§ C/W 67§ C/W 80§ C/W 88§ C/W DC Electrical Characteristics VCC e 3.3V g 10%, VBB e 2.5V, VPFAIL l VIH, CL e 100 pF (unless otherwise specified) Symbol Conditions Min Max Units High Level Input Voltage (Note 4) Any Inputs Except OSC IN, OSC IN with External Clock 2.0 VCC a 0.3 VBB b0.2 V V VIL Low Level Input Voltage All Inputs Except OSC IN OSC IN with External Clock b 0.3 b 0.3 0.8 0.2 V V VOH High Level Output Voltage (Excluding OSC OUT, INTR) IOUT e b20 mA IOUT e b2.0 mA VOL Low Level Output Voltage (Excluding OSC OUT) IOUT e 20 mA IOUT e 2.0 mA IIN Input Current (Except OSC IN) VIN e VCC or GND IOZ Output TRI-STATEÉ Current VOUT e VCC or GND ILKG Output High Leakage Current MFO, INTR Pins VOUT e VCC or GND Outputs Open Drain Quiescent Supply Current (Note 7) FOSC e 32.768 kHz VIN e VCC or GND (Note 5) VIN e VCC or GND (Note 6) VIN e VIH or VIL (Note 6) FOSC e 4.194304 MHz or 4.9152 MHz VIN e VCC or GND (Note 6) VIN e VIH or VIL (Note 6) VIH ICC ICC IBB IBLK Parameter Quiescent Supply Current (Single Supply Mode) (Note 7) VBB e GND VIN e VCC or GND FOSC e 32.768 kHz FOSC e 4.9152 MHz or 4.194304 MHz Standby Mode Battery Supply Current (Note 7) VCC e GND OSC OUT e open circuit, other pins e GND FOSC e 32.768 kHzmA FOSC e 4.9152 MHz or 4.194304 MHz Battery Leakage 2.2V s VBB s 2.6V other pins at GND VCC e GND, VBB e 2.6V VCC e 3.6V, VBB e 2.2V VCC b0,2 2.4 V V 0.2 0.3 V V g 0.7 mA g1 mA g1 mA 220 700 5 mA mA mA 4 6 mA mA 30 3 mA mA 8 400 mA mA 0.8 mA mA b 0.8 Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Note 2: Unless otherwise specified all voltages are referenced to ground. Note 3: For FOSC e 4.194304 or 4.9152 MHz, VBB minimum e 2.8V. In battery backed mode, VBB s VCC b 0.4V. Single Supply Mode: Data retention voltage is 2.2V min. In single Supply Mode (Power connected to VCC pin) 3.0V s VCC s 3.6. Note 4: This parameter (VIH) is not tested on all pins at the same time. Note 5: This specification tests ICC with all power fail circuitry disabled, by setting D7 of Interrupt Control Register 1 to 0. Note 6: This specification tests ICC with all power fail circuitry enabled, by setting D7 of Interrupt Control Register 1 to 1. Note 7: OSC IN is driven by a signal generator. Contents of the Test Register e 00(H) and the MFO pin is not configured as buffered oscillator out. 2 AC Electrical Characteristics VCC e 3.3V g 10%, VBB e 2.5V, VPFAIL l VIH, CL e 100 pF (unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units READ TIMING tAR Address Valid Prior to Read Strobe 10 ns tRW Read Strobe Width (Note 8) 100 ns tCD Chip Select to Data Valid Time tRAH Address Hold after Read (Note 9) tRD Read Strobe to Valid Data tDZ Read or Chip Select to TRI-STATE tRCH Chip Select Hold after Read Strobe (Note 9) 0 ns tDS Minimum Inactive Time between Read or Write Accesses 70 ns tAW Address Valid before Write Strobe 10 ns tWAH Address Hold after Write Strobe (Note 9) 2 ns tCW Chip Select to End of Write Strobe 110 ns tWW Write Strobe Width (Note 10) 100 ns tDW Data Valid to End of Write Strobe 70 ns tWDH Data Hold after Write Strobe (Note 9) 2 ns tWCH Chip Select Hold after Write Strobe (Note 9) 0 ns 100 ns 90 ns 80 ns 2 ns WRITE TIMING INTERRUPT TIMING tROLL Clock Rollover to INTR Out is Typically 20 ms Note 8: Read Strobe width as used in the read timing table is defined as the period when both chip select and read inputs are low. Hence read commences when both signals are low and terminates when either signal returns high. Note 9: Hold time is guaranteed by design but not production tested. This limit is not used to calculate outgoing quality levels. Note 10: Write Strobe width as used in the write timing table is defined as the period when both chip select and write inputs are low. Hence write commences when both signals are low and terminates when either signal returns high. AC Test Conditions Input Pulse Levels Input Rise and Fall Times Input and Output Reference Levels TRI-STATE Reference Levels (Note 12) GND to 3.0V 6 ns (10%–90%) 1.3V Active High a 0.5V Active Low b0.5V Note 11: CL e 100 pF, includes jig and scope capacitance. Note 12: S1 e VCC for active low to high impedance measurements. S1 e GND for active high to high impedance measurements. S1 e open for all other timing measurements. Capacitance (TA e 25§ C, f e 1 MHz) Symbol Parameter (Note 13) TL/F/11417 – 2 Typ Units CIN Input Capacitance 5 pF COUT Output Capacitance 7 pF Note 13: This parameter is not 100% tested. Note 14: Output rise and fall times 25 ns max (10%–90%) with 100 pF load. 3 Timing Waveforms Read Timing Diagram TL/F/11417 – 3 Write Timing Diagram TL/F/11417 – 4 4 VCC: This is the main system power pin. General Description (Continued) GND: This is the common ground power pin for both VBB and VCC. The LV8572A’s interrupt structure provides three basic types of interrupts: Periodic, Alarm/Compare, and Power Fail. Interrupt mask and status registers enable the masking and easy determination of each interrupt. Connection Diagrams Pin Description In-Line Packages CS, RD, WR (Inputs): These pins interface to mP control lines. The CS pin is an active low enable for the read and write operations. Read and Write pins are also active low and enable reading or writing to the RTC. All three pins are disabled when power failure is detected. However, if a read or write is in progress at this time, it will be allowed to complete its cycle. A0 – A4 (Inputs): These 5 pins are for register selection. They individually control which location is to be accessed. These inputs are disabled when power failure is detected. OSC IN (Input): OSC OUT (Output): These two pins are used to connect the crystal to the internal parallel resonant oscillator. The oscillator is always running when power is applied to VBB and VCC, and the correct crystal select bits in the Real Time Mode Register have been set. MFO (Output): The multi-function output can be used as a second interrupt output for interrupting the mP. This pin can also provide an output for the oscillator. The MFO output is configured as push-pull, active high for normal or single power supply operation and as an open drain during standby mode (VBB l VCC). If in battery backed mode and a pullup resistor is attached, it should be connected to a voltage no greater than VBB. INTR (Output): The interrupt output is used to interrupt the processor when a timing event or power fail has occurred and the respective interrupt has been enabled. The INTR output is permanently configured active low, open drain. If in battery backed mode and a pull-up resistor is attached, it should be connected to a voltage no greater than VBB. D0 – D7 (Input/Output): These 8 bidirectional pins connect to the host mP’s data bus and are used to read from and write to the RTC. When the PFAIL pin goes low and a write is not in progress, these pins are at TRI-STATE. PFAIL (Input): In battery backed mode, this pin can have a digital signal applied to it via some external power detection logic. When PFAIL e logic 0 the RTC goes into a lockout mode, in a minimum of 30 ms or a maximum of 63 ms unless lockout delay is programmed. In the single power supply mode, this pin is not useable as an input and should be tied to VCC. Refer to section on Power Fail Functional Description. TL/F/11417 – 5 Top View DIP: Order Number LV8572AN See NS Package Number N24C SOIC: Order Number LV8572AM See NS Package Number M24B Plastic Chip Carrier VBB (Battery Power Pin): This pin is connected to a backup power supply. This power supply is switched to the internal circuitry when the VCC becomes lower than VBB. Utilizing this pin eliminates the need for external logic to switch in and out the back-up power supply. If this feature is not to be used then this pin must be tied to ground, the RTC programmed for single power supply only, and power applied to the VCC pin. TL/F/11417 – 6 Top View Order Number LV8572AV See NS Package Number V28A 5 Functional Description The LV8572A contains a fast access real time clock, interrupt control logic, power fail detect logic, and CMOS RAM. All functions of the RTC are controlled by a set of seven registers. A simplified block diagram that shows the major functional blocks is given in Figure 1 . The memory map of the RTC is shown in the memory addressing table. The memory map consists of two 31 byte pages with a main status register that is common to both pages. A control bit in the Main Status Register is used to select either page. Figure 2 shows the basic concept. Page 0 contains all the clock timer functions, while page 1 has scratch pad RAM. The control registers are split into two separate blocks to allow page 1 to be used entirely as scratch pad RAM. Again a control bit in the Main Status Register is used to select either control register block. The blocks are described in the following sections: 1. Real Time Clock 2. Oscillator Prescaler 3. Interrupt Logic 4. Power Failure Logic 5. Additional Supply Management TL/F/11417 – 7 FIGURE 2. LV8572A Internal Memory Map 6 Functional Description (Continued) INITIAL POWER-ON of BOTH VBB and VCC VBB and VCC may be applied in any sequence. In order for the power fail circuitry to function correctly, whenever power is off, the VCC pin must see a path to ground through a maximum of 1 MX. The user should be aware that the control registers will contain random data. The first task to be carried out in an initialization routine is to start the oscillator by writing to the crystal select bits in the Real Time Mode Register. If the LV8572A is configured for single supply mode, an extra 50 mA may be consumed until the crystal select bits are programmed. The user should also ensure that the RTC is not in test mode (see register descriptions). Save Enable bit (D7) of the Time Save Control Register, and then to write a zero. Writing a one into this bit will enable the clock contents to be duplicated in the Time Save RAM. Changing the bit from a one to a zero will freeze and store the contents of the clock in Time Save RAM. The time then can be read without concern for clock rollover, since internal logic takes care of synchronization of the clock. Because only the bits used by the clock counters will be latched, the Time Save RAM should be cleared prior to use to ensure that random data stored in the unused bits do not confuse the host microprocessor. This bit can also provide time save at power failure, see the Additional Supply Management Functions section. With the Time Save Enable bit at a logical 0, the Time Save RAM may be used as RAM if the latched read function is not necessary. REAL TIME CLOCK FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION As shown in Figure 2 , the clock has 10 bytes of counters, which count from 1/100 of a second to years. Each counter counts in BCD and is synchronously clocked. The count sequence of the individual byte counters within the clock is shown later in Table VII. Note that the day of week, day of month, day of year, and month counters all roll over to 1. The hours counter in 12 hour mode rolls over to 1 and the AM/PM bit toggles when the hours rolls over to 12 (AM e 0, PM e 1). The AM/PM bit is bit D7 in the hours counter. All other counters roll over to 0. Also note that the day of year counter is 12 bits long and occupies two addresses. Upon initial application of power the counters will contain random information. INITIALIZING AND WRITING TO THE CALENDAR-CLOCK Upon initial application of power to the RTC or when making time corrections, the time must be written into the clock. To correctly write the time to the counters, the clock would normally be stopped by writing the Start/Stop bit in the Real Time Mode Register to a zero. This stops the clock from counting and disables the carry circuitry. When initializing the clock’s Real Time Mode Register, it is recommended that first the various mode bits be written while maintaining the Start/Stop bit reset, and then writing to the register a second time with the Start/Stop bit set. The above method is useful when the entire clock is being corrected. If one location is being updated the clock need not be stopped since this will reset the prescaler, and time will be lost. An ideal example of this is correcting the hours for daylight savings time. To write to the clock ‘‘on the fly’’ the best method is to wait for the 1/100 of a second periodic interrupt. Then wait an additional 16 ms, and then write the data to the clock. READING THE CLOCK: VALIDATED READ Since clocking of the counter occurs asynchronously to reading of the counter, it is possible to read the counter while it is being incremented (rollover). This may result in an incorrect time reading. Thus to ensure a correct reading of the entire contents of the clock (or that part of interest), it must be read without a clock rollover occurring. In general this can be done by checking a rollover bit. On this chip the periodic interrupt status bits can serve this function. The following program steps can be used to accomplish this. 1. Initialize program for reading clock. 2. Dummy read of periodic status bit to clear it. 3. Read counter bytes and store. 4. Read rollover bit, and test it. 5. If rollover occured go to 3. 6. If no rollover, done. To detect the rollover, individual periodic status bits can be polled. The periodic bit chosen should be equal to the highest frequency counter register to be read. That is if only SECONDS through HOURS counters are read, then the SECONDS periodic bit should be used. PRESCALER/OSCILLATOR FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Feeding the counter chain is a programmable prescaler which divides the crystal oscillator frequency to 32 kHz and further to 100 Hz for the counter chain (see Figure 3 ). The crystal frequency that can be selected are: 32 kHz, 32.768 kHz, 4.9152 MHz, and 4.194304 MHz. READING THE CLOCK: INTERRUPT DRIVEN Enabling the periodic interrupt mask bits cause interrupts just as the clock rolls over. Enabling the desired update rate and providing an interrupt service routine that executes in less than 10 ms enables clock reading without checking for a rollover. TL/F/11417 – 8 FIGURE 3. Programmable Clock Prescaler Block READING THE CLOCK: LATCHED READ Another method to read the clock that does not require checking the rollover bit is to write a one into the Time 7 Functional Description (Continued) The oscillator is programmed via the Real Time Mode Register to operate at various frequencies. The crystal oscillator is designed to offer optimum performance at each frequency. Thus, at 32.768 kHz the oscillator is configured as a low frequency and low power oscillator. At the higher frequencies the oscillator inverter is reconfigured. In addition to the inverter, the oscillator feedback bias resistor is included on chip, as shown in Figure 4 . The oscillator input may be driven from an external source if desired. Refer to test mode application note for details. The oscillator stability is enhanced through the use of an on chip regulated power supply. The typical range of trimmer capacitor (as shown in Oscillator Circuit Diagram Figure 4 , and in the typical application) at the oscillator input pin is suggested only to allow accurate tuning of the oscillator. This range is based on a typical printed circuit board layout and may have to be changed depending on the parasitic capacitance of the printed circuit board or fixture being used. In all cases, the load capacitance specified by the crystal manufacturer (nominal value 11 pF for the 32.768 crystal) is what determines proper oscillation. This load capcitance is the series combination of capacitance on each side of the crystal (with respect to ground). INTERRUPT LOGIC FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The RTC has the ability to coordinate processor timing activities. To enhance this, an interrupt structure has been implemented which enables several types of events to cause interrupts. Interrupts are controlled via two Control Registers in block 1 and two Status Registers in block 0. (See Register Description for notes on paging and also Figure 5 and Table I.) The interrupts are enabled by writing a one to the appropriate bits in Interrupt Control Register 0 and/or 1. TABLE I. Registers that are Applicable to Interrupt Control Register Name Main Status Register Periodic Flag Register Interrupt Control Register 0 Interrupt Control Register 1 Output Mode Register TL/F/11417–9 Co Ct Page Select Address X 0 X 0 00H 03H 1 0 03H 1 0 04H 1 0 02H The Interrupt Status Flag D0, in the Main Status Register, indicates the state of INTR and MFO outputs. It is set when either output becomes active and is cleared when all RTC interrupts have been cleared and no further interrupts are pending (i.e., both INTR and MFO are returned to their inactive state). This flag enables the RTC to be rapidly polled by the mP to determine the source of an interrupt in a wiredÐ OR interrupt system. (The Interrupt Status Flag provides a true reflection of all conditions routed to the external pins.) Status for the interrupts are provided by the Main Status Register and the Periodic Flag Register. Bits D1 – D5 of the Main Status Register are the main interrupt bits. These register bits will be set when their associated timing events occur. Enabled Alarm comparisons that occur will set its Main Status Register bit to a one. However, an external interrupt will only be generated if the Alarm interrupt enable bit is set (see Figure 5 ). Disabling the periodic interrupts will mask the Main Status Register periodic bit, but not the Periodic Flag Register bits. The Power Fail Interrupt bit is set when the interrupt is enabled and a power fail event has occurred, and is not reset until the power is restored. If all interrupt enable bits are 0 no interrupt will be asserted. However, status still can be read from the Main Status Register in a polled fashion (see Figure 5 ). To clear a flag in bits D2 and D3 of the Main Status Register a 1 must be written back into the bit location that is to be cleared. For the Periodic Flag Register reading the status will reset all the periodic flags. FIGURE 4. Oscillator Circuit Diagram XTAL Register Select ROUT (Switched Internally) 32/32.768 kHz 47 pF 2 pF–22 pF 150 kX to 350 kX 4.194304 MHz 68 pF 0 pF–80 pF 500X to 900X 4.9152 MHz 68 pF 29 pF–49 pF 500X to 900X 8 Functional Description (Continued) Figure 5 . These flags constantly sense the periodic signals and may be used whether or not interrupts are enabled. These flags are cleared by any read or write operation performed on this register. To generate periodic interrupts at the desired rate, the associated Periodic Interrupt Enable bit in Interrupt Control Register 0 must be set. Any combination of periodic interrupts may be enabled to operate simultaneously. Enabled periodic interrupts will now affect the Periodic Interrupt Flag in the Main Status Register. When a periodic event occurs, the Periodic Interrupt Flag in the Main Status Register is set, causing an interrupt to be generated. The mP clears both flag and interrupt by writing a ‘‘1’’ to the Periodic Interrupt Flag. The individual flags in the periodic Interrupt Flag Register do not require clearing to cancel the interrupt. If all periodic interrupts are disabled and a periodic interrupt is left pending (i.e., the Periodic Interrupt Flag is still set), the Periodic Interrupt Flag will still be required to be cleared to cancel the pending interrupt. Interrupts Fall Into Three Categories: 1. The Alarm Compare Interrupt: Issued when the value in the time compared RAM equals the counter. 2. The Periodic Interrupts: These are issued at every increment of the specific clock counter signal. Thus, an interrupt is issued every minute, second, etc. Each of these interrupts occurs at the roll-over of the specific counter. 3. The Power Fail Interrupt: Issued upon recognition of a power fail condition by the internal sensing logic. The power failed condition is determined by the signal on the PFAIL pin. The internal power fail signal is gated with the chip select signal to ensure that the power fail interrupt does not lock the chip out during a read or write. ALARM COMPARE INTERRUPT DESCRIPTON The alarm/time comparison interrupt is a special interrupt similar to an alarm clock wake up buzzer. This interrupt is generated when the clock time is equal to a value programmed into the alarm compare registers. Up to six bytes can be enabled to perform alarm time comparisons on the counter chain. These six bytes, or some subset thereof, would be loaded with the future time at which the interrupt will occur. Next, the appropriate bits in the Interrupt Control Register 1 are enabled or disabled (refer to detailed description of Interrupt Control Register 1). The RTC then compares these bytes with the clock time. When all the enabled compare registers equal the clock time an alarm interrupt is issued, but only if the alarm compare interrupt is enabled can the interrupt be generated externally. Each alarm compare bit in the Control Register will enable a specific byte for comparison to the clock. Disabling a compare byte is the same as setting its associated counter comparator to an ‘‘always equal’’ state. For example, to generate an interrupt at 3:15 AM of every day, load the hours compare with 0 3 (BCD), the minutes compare with 1 5 (BCD) and the faster counters with 0 0 (BCD), and then disable all other compare registers. So every day when the time rolls over from 3:14:59.99, an interrupt is issued. This bit may be reset by writing a one to bit D3 in the Main Status Register at any time after the alarm has been generated. If time comparison for an individual byte counter is disabled, that corresponding RAM location can then be used as general purpose storage. POWER FAIL INTERRUPTS DESCRIPTION The Power Fail Status Flag in the Main Status Register monitors the state of the internal power fail signal. This flag may be interrogated by the mP, but it cannot be cleared; it is cleared automatically by the RTC when system power is restored. To generate an interrupt when the power fails, the Power Fail Interrupt Enable bit in Interrupt Control Register 1 is set. Although this interrupt may not be cleared, it may be masked by clearing the Power Fail Interrupt Enable bit. POWER FAILURE CIRCUITRY FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Since the clock must be operated from a battery when the main system supply has been turned off, the LV8572A provides circuitry to simplify design in battery backed systems. This switches over to the back up supply, and isolates itself from the host system. Figure 6 shows a simplified block diagram of this circuitry, which consists of three major sections; 1) power loss logic: 2) battery switch over logic: and 3) isolation logic. Detection of power loss occurs when PFAIL is low. Debounce logic provides a 30 ms–63 ms debounce time, which will prevent noise on the PFAIL pin from being interpreted as a system failure. After 30 ms–63 ms the debounce logic times out and a signal is generated indicating that system power is marginal and is failing. The Power Fail Interrupt will then be generated. PERIODIC INTERRUPTS DESCRIPTION The Periodic Flag Register contains six flags which are set by real-time generated ‘‘ticks’’ at various time intervals, see 9 FIGURE 5. Interrupt Control Logic Overview TL/F/11417 – 10 Functional Description (Continued) 10 Functional Description (Continued) TL/F/11417 – 11 FIGURE 6. System-Battery Switchover (Upper Left), Power Fail and Lock-Out Circuits (Lower Right) If chip select is low when a power failure is detected, a safety circuit will ensure that if a read or write is held active continuously for greater than 30 ms after the power fail signal is asserted, the lock-out will be forced. If a lock-out delay is enabled, the LV8572A will remain active for 480 ms after power fail is detected. This will enable the mP to perform last minute bookkeeping before total system collapse. When the host CPU is finished accessing the RTC it may force the bus lock-out before 480 ms has elapsed by resetting the delay enable bit. The battery switch over circuitry is completely independent of the PFAIL pin. A separate circuit compares VCC to the VBB voltage. As the main supply fails, the RTC will continue to operate from the VCC pin until VCC falls below the VBB voltage. At this time, the battery supply is switched in, VCC is disconnected, and the device is now in the standby mode. If indeterminate operation of the battery switch over circuit is to be avoided, then the voltage at the VCC pin must not be allowed to equal the voltage at the VBB pin. After the generation of a lock-out signal, and eventual switch in of the battery supply, the pins of the RTC will be configured as shown in Table II. Outputs that have a pull-up resistor should be connected to a voltage no greater than VBB. TABLE II. Pin Isolation during a Power Failure Pin PFAIL e Logic 0 CS, RD, WR A0 – A4 D0 – D7 Oscillator PFAIL INTR, MFO Locked Out Locked Out Locked Out Not Isolated Not Isolated Not Isolated Standby Mode VBB l VCC Locked Out Locked Out Locked Out Not Isolated Not Isolated Open Drain The Interrupt Power Fail Operation bit in the Real-Time Mode Register determine whether or not the interrupts will continue to function after a power fail event. As power returns to the system, the battery switch over circuit will switch back to VCC power as soon as it becomes greater than the battery voltage. The chip will remain in the locked out state as long as PFAIL e 0. When PFAIL e 1 11 Functional Description (Continued) the chip is unlocked, but only after another 30 ms min x 63 ms max debounce time. The system designer must ensure that his system is stable when power has returned. The power fail circuitry contains active linear circuitry that draws supply current from VCC. In some cases this may be undesirable, so this circuit can be disabled by masking the power fail interrupt. The power fail input can perform all lock-out functions previously mentioned, except that no external interrupt will be issued. Note that the linear power fail circuitry is switched off automatically when using VBB in standby mode. This complete address space is organized into two pages. Page 0 contains two blocks of control registers, timers, real time clock counters, and special purpose RAM, while page 1 contains general purpose RAM. Using two blocks enables the 9 control registers to be mapped into 5 locations. The only register that does not get switched is the Main Status Register. It contains the page select bit and the register select bit as well as status information. A memory map is shown in Figure 2 and register addressing in Table III. They show the name, address and page locations for the LV8572A. LOW BATTERY, INITIAL POWER ON DETECT, AND POWER FAIL TIME SAVE There are three other functions provided on the LV8572A to ease power supply control. These are an initial Power On detect circuit, which also can be used as a time keeping failure detect, a low battery detect circuit, and a time save on power failure. On initial power up the Oscillator Fail Flag will be set to a one and the real time clock start bit reset to a zero. This indicates that an oscillator fail event has occurred, and time keeping has failed. The Oscillator Fail flag will not be reset until the real-time clock is started. This allows the system to discriminate between an initial power-up and recovery from a power failure. If the battery backed mode is selected, then bit D6 of the Periodic Flag Register must be written low. This will not affect the contents of the Oscillator Fail Flag. Another status bit is the low battery detect. This bit is set only when the clock is operating under the VCC pin, and when the battery voltage is determined to be less than 2.1V (typical). When the power fail interrupt enable bit is low, it disables the power fail circuit and will also shut off the low battery voltage detection circuit as well. To relieve CPU overhead for saving time upon power failure, the Time Save Enable bit is provided to do this automatically. (See also Reading the Clock: Latched Read.) The Time Save Enable bit, when set, causes the Time Save RAM to follow the contents of the clock. This bit can be reset by software, but if set before a power failure occurs, it will automatically be reset when the clock switches to the battery supply (not when a power failure is detected by the PFAIL pin). Thus, writing a one to the Time Save bit enables both a software write or power fail write. TABLE III. Register/Counter/RAM Addressing for LV8572A A0-4 PS RS (Note 1) (Note 2) Description CONTROL REGISTERS 00 03 04 01 02 03 04 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 1 1 1 1 Main Status Register Periodic Flag Register Time Save Control Register Real Time Mode Register Output Mode Register Interrupt Control Register 0 Interrupt Control Register 1 COUNTERS (CLOCK CALENDAR) 05 06 07 08 09 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X X 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X X 1/100, 1/10 Seconds (0 – 99) Seconds (0 – 59) Minutes (0 – 59) Hours (1 – 12, 0 – 23) Days of Month (1 – 28/29/30/31) Months (1 – 12) Years (0 – 99) Julian Date (LSB) (1 – 99) Julian Date (0 – 3) Day of Week (1 – 7) TIME COMPARE RAM 13 14 15 0 0 0 X X X 16 0 X 17 0 X 18 0 X Sec Compare RAM Min Compare RAM Hours Compare RAM DOM Compare RAM Months Compare RAM DOW Compare RAM (0 – 59) (0 – 59) (1 – 12, 0 – 23) (1 – 28/29/30/31) (1 – 12) (1 – 7) TIME SAVE RAM SINGLE POWER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS The LV8572A can be used in a single power supply application. To achieve this, the VBB pin must be connected to ground, and the power connected to VCC and PFAIL pins. The Oscillator Failed/Single Supply bit in the Periodic Flag Register should be set to a logic 1, which will disable the oscillator battery reference circuit. The power fail interrupt should also be disabled. This will turn off the linear power fail detection circuits, and will eliminate any quiescent power drawn through these circuits. Until the crystal select bits are initialized, the LV8572A may consume about 50 mA due to arbitrary oscillator selection at power on. (This extra 50 mA is not consumed if the battery backed mode is selected). 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X X Seconds Time Save RAM Minutes Time Save RAM Hours Time Save RAM Day of Month Time Save RAM Months Time Save RAM 1E 1F 0 0 1 X RAM RAM/Test Mode Register 01 – 1F 1 X 2nd Page General Purpose RAM 1 PSÐPage Select (Bit D7 of Main Status Register) 2 RSÐRegister Select (Bit D6 of Main Status Register) DETAILED REGISTER DESCRIPTION There are 5 external address bits: Thus, the host microprocessor has access to 28 locations at one time. An internal switching scheme provides a total of 61 locations. 12 Functional Description (Continued) The Periodic Flag Register has the same bit for bit correspondence as Interrupt Control Register 0 except for D6 and D7. For normal operation (i.e., not a single supply application) this register must be written to on initial power up or after an oscillator fail event. D0 – D5 are read only bits, D6 and D7 are read/write. D0 – D5: These bits are set by the real time rollover events: (Time Change e 1). The bits are reset when the register is read and can be used as selective data change flags. D6: This bit performs a dual function. When this bit is read, a one indicates that an oscillator failure has occurred and the time information may have been lost. Some of the ways an oscillator failure might be caused are: failure of the crystal, shorting OSC IN or OSC OUT to GND or VCC, removal of crystal, removal of battery when in the battery backed mode (when a ‘‘0’’ is written to D6), lowering the voltage at the VBB pin to a value less than 2.2V when in the battery backed mode. Bit D6 is automatically set to 1 on initial power-up or an oscillator fail event. The oscillator fail flag is reset by writing a one to the clock start/stop bit in the Real Time Mode Register, with the crystal oscillating. MAIN STATUS REGISTER TL/F/11417 – 12 The Main Status Register is always located at address 0 regardless of the register block or the page selected. D0: This read only bit is a general interrupt status bit that is taken directly from the interrupt pins. The bit is a one when an interrupt is pending on either the INTR pin or the MFO pin (when configured as an interrupt). This is unlike D3 which can be set by an internal event but may not cause an interrupt. This bit is reset when the interrupt status bits in the Main Status Register are cleared. D1 – D3: These three bits of the Main Status Register are the main interrupt status bits. Any bit may be a one when any of the interrupts are pending. Once an interrupt is asserted the mP will read this register to determine the cause. These interrupt status bits are not reset when read. Except for D1, to reset an interrupt a one is written back to the corresponding bit that is being tested. D1 is reset whenever the PFAIL pin e logic 1. This prevents loss of interrupt status when reading the register in a polled mode. D1 and D3 are set regardless of whether these interrupts are masked or not by bits D6 and D7 of Interrupt Control Registers 0 and 1. D4 – D5: General purpose RAM bits. D6 and D7: These bits are Read/Write bits that control which register block or RAM page is to be selected. Bit D6 controls the register block to be accessed (see memory map). The memory map of the clock is further divided into two memory pages. One page is the registers, clock and timers, and the second page contains 31 bytes of general purpose RAM. The page selection is determined by bit D7. When D6 is written to, it defines whether the TCP is being used in battery backed (normal) or in a single supply mode application. When set to a one this bit configures the TCP for single power supply applications. This bit is automatically set on initial power-up or an oscillator fail event. When set, D6 disables the oscillator reference circuit. The result is that the oscillator is referenced to VCC. When a zero is written to D6 the oscillator reference is enabled, thus the oscillator is referenced to VBB. This allows operation in standard battery standby applications. At initial power on, if the LV8572A is going to be programmed for battery backed mode, the VBB pin should be connected to a potential in the range of 2.2V to VCC b 0.4V. For single supply mode operation, the VBB pin should be connected to GND and the PFAIL pin connected to VCC. D7: Writing a one to this bit enables the test mode register at location 1F (see Table III). This bit should be forced to zero during initialization for normal operation. If the test mode has been entered, clear the test mode register before leaving test mode. (See separate test mode application note for further details.) PERIODIC FLAG REGISTER TIME SAVE CONTROL REGISTER TL/F/11417 – 13 TL/F/11417 – 14 D0 – D4: General purpose RAM bits. 13 Functional Description (Continued) D2: The count mode for the hours counter can be set to either 24 hour mode or 12 hour mode with AM/PM indicator. A one will place the clock in 12 hour mode. D5: The Delay Enable bit is used when a power fail occurs. If this bit is set, a 480 ms delay is generated internally before the mP interface is locked out. This will enable the mP to access the registers for up to 480 ms after it receives a power fail interrupt. After a power failure is detected but prior to the 480 ms delay timing out, the host mP may force immediate lock out by resetting the Delay Enable bit. Note if this bit is a 0 when power fails then after a delay of 30 ms min/63 ms max the mP cannot read the chip. D6: This read only bit is set and reset by the voltage at the VBB pin. It can be used by the mP to determine whether the battery voltage at the VBB pin is getting too low. A comparator monitors the battery and when the voltage is lower than 2.1V (typical) this bit is set. The power fail interrupt must be enabled to check for a low battery voltage. D7: Time Save Enable bit controls the loading of real-timeclock data into the Time Save RAM. When a one is written to this bit the Time Save RAM will follow the corresponding clock registers, and when a zero is written to this bit the time in the Time Save RAM is frozen. This eliminates any synchronization problems when reading the clock, thus negating the need to check for a counter rollover during a read cycle. This bit must be set to a one prior to power failing to enable the Time Save feature. When the power fails this bit is automatically reset and the time is saved in the Time Save RAM. D3: This bit is the master Start/Stop bit for the clock. When a one is written to this bit the real time counter’s prescaler and counter chain are enabled. When this bit is reset to zero the contents of the real time counter is stopped and the prescaler is cleared. When the RTC is initially powered up this bit will be held at a logic 0 until the oscillator starts functioning correctly after which this bit may be modified. If an oscillator fail event occurs, this bit will be reset to logic 0. D4: This bit controls the operation of the interrupt output in standby mode. If set to a one it allows Alarm, Periodic, and Power Fail interrupts to be functional in standby mode. Note that the MFO pin is configured as open drain in standby mode. If bit D4 is set to a zero then interrupt control register and the periodic interrupt flag will be reset when the RTC enters the standby mode (VBB l VCC). They will have to be reconfigured when system (VCC) power is restored. D5: General purpose RAM. D6 and D7: These two bits select the crystal clock frequency as per the following table: REAL TIME MODE REGISTER XT1 XT0 Crystal Frequency 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 32.768 kHz 4.194304 MHz 4.9152 MHz 32.000 kHz All bits are Read/Write, and any mode written into this register can be determined by reading the register. On initial power up these bits are random. OUTPUT MODE REGISTER TL/F/11417–15 D0 – D1: These are the leap year counter bits. These bits are written to set the number of years from the previous leap year. The leap year counter increments on December 31st and it internally enables the February 29th counter state. This method of setting the leap year allows leap year to occur whenever the user wishes to, thus providing flexibility in implementing Japanese leap year function. LY1 LY0 Leap Year Counter 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Leap Year Current Year Leap Year Last Year Leap Year 2 Years Ago Leap Year 3 Years Ago TL/F/11417 – 16 D0 – D6: General Purpose RAM 14 Functional Description (Continued) D7: This bit is used to program the signal appearing at the MFO output, as follows: D7 MFO Output Signal 0 1 Power Fail Interrupt Buffered Crystal Oscillator INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 1 INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 0 TL/F/11417 – 18 D0 – D5: Each of these bits are enable bits which will enable a comparison between an individual clock counter and its associated compare RAM. If any bit is a zero then that clock-RAM comparator is set to the ‘‘always equal’’ state and the associated TIME COMPARE RAM byte can be used as general purpose RAM. However, to ensure that an alarm interrupt is not generated at bit D3 of the Main Status Register, all bits must be written to a logic zero. D6: In order to generate an external alarm compare interrupt to the mP from bit D3 of the Main Status Register, this bit must be written to a logic 1. If battery backed mode is selected then this bit is controlled by D4 of the Real Time Mode Register. D7: The MSB of this register is the enable bit for the Power Fail Interrupt. When this bit is set to a one an interrupt will be generated to the mP when VBB l V CC. If battery backed mode is selected then this bit is controlled by D4 of the Real Time Mode Register. This bit also enables the low battery detection analog circuitry. TL/F/11417 – 17 D0 – D5: These bits are used to enable one of the selected periodic interrupts by writing a one into the appropriate bit. These interrupts are issued at the rollover of the clock. For example, the minutes interrupt will be issued whenever the minutes counter increments. In all likelihood the interrupt will be enabled asynchronously with the real time change. Therefore, the very first interrupt will occur in less than the periodic time chosen, but after the first interrupt all subsequent interrupts will be spaced correctly. These interrupts are useful when minute, second, real time reading, or task switching is required. When all six bits are written to a 0 this disables periodic interrupts from the Main Status Register and the interrupt pin. D6 and D7: General Purpose RAM. 15 Control and Status Register Address Bit Map D7 D6 Main Status Register PS e X R/W R/W Page Select D5 RS e X R/W Register Select D4 D3 ADDRESS e 00H R/W R/W1 RAM Periodic Flag Register PS e 0 R/W R/W4 RS e 0 R5 1 ms Flag 10 ms Flag Time Save Control Register PS e 0 R/W R6 R/W RS e 0 R/W Time Save Enable Osc. Fail/ Single Supply Low Battery Flag Power Fail Delay Enable Real Time Mode Register PS e 0 Crystal Freq. XT1 Crystal Freq. XT0 Output Mode Register PS e 0 MFO as Crystal RAM Interrupt Control Register 0 PS e 0 RAM RAM 1 ms Interrupt Enable Interrupt Control Register 1 PS e 0 Power Fail Interrupt Enable Alarm Interrupt Enable DOW Interrupt Enable D0 R/W1 R2 R3 Periodic Interrupt Power Fail Interrupt Interrupt Status R5 R5 R5 Seconds Flag 10 Second Flag Minute Flag R/W R/W RAM RAM RAM 12/24 Hr. Mode Leap Year MSB Leap Year LSB All Bits R/W RAM RAM RAM All Bits R/W Seconds Interrupt Enable 10 Second Interrupt Enable Minute Interrupt Enable All Bits R/W Minute Interrupt Enable Second Interrupt Enable All Bits R/W Address e 04H R/W R/W RAM 1. Reset by writing 1 to bit. 2. Set/reset by voltage at PFAIL pin. 3. Reset when all pending interrupts are removed. 4. Read Osc fail Write 0 BattBacked Mode Write 1 Single Supply Mode 5. Reset by positive edge of read. 6. Set and reset by VBB voltage. Address e 01H Interrupt EN on Back-Up RS e 1 RAM 100 ms Flag RAM RS e 1 RAM D1 Address e 03H R5 R5 Test Mode Alarm Interrupt RAM D2 Clock Start/Stop Address e 02H RAM RS e 1 10 ms Interrupt Enable RS e 1 Month Interrupt Enable RAM Address e 03H 100 ms Interrupt Enable Address e 04H DOM Interrupt Enable 16 Hours Interrupt Enable Application Hints Suggested Initialization Procedure for LV8572A in Battery Backed Applications that use the VBB Pin. 1. Enter the test mode by writing a 1 to bit D7 in the Periodic Flag Register. 2. Write zero to the RAM/TEST mode Register located in page 0, address HEX 1F. 3. Leave the test mode by writing a 0 to bit D7 in the Periodic Flag Register. Steps 1,2,3 guarantee that if the test mode had been entered during power on (due to random pulses from the system), all test mode conditions are cleared. Most important is that the OSC Fail Disable bit is cleared. Refer to AN-589 for more information on test mode operation. 4. After power on (VCC and VBB powered), select the correct crystal frequency bits (D7, D6 in the Real Time Mode Register) as shown in Table IV. 6. 7. TABLE IV Frequency D7 D6 32.768 kHz 0 0 4.194304 MHz 0 1 4.9152 MHz 1 0 32.0 kHz 1 1 5. Enter a software loop that does the following: Set a 3 second(approx) software counter. The crystal oscillator may take 1 second to start. 5.1 Write a 1 to bit D3 in the Real Time Mode Register (try to start the clock). Make sure the crystal select bits re- 8. 9. main the same as in step 1. Under normal operation, this bit can be set only if the oscillator is running. During the software loop, RAM, real time counters, output configuration, interrupt control and timer functions may be initialized. Test bit D6 in the Periodic Flag Register: IF a 1, go to 5.1. If this bit remains a 1 after 3 seconds, then abort and check hardware. The crystal may be defective or not installed. There may be a short at OSC IN or OSC OUT to VCC or GND, or to some impedance that is less than 10 MX. IF a 0, then the oscillator is running, go to step 7. Write a 0 to bit D6 in the Periodic Flag Register. This action puts the clock chip in the battery backed mode. This mode can be entered only if the OSC fail flag (bit D6 of the Periodic Flag Register) is a 0. Reminder, Bit D6 is a dual function bit. When read, D6 returns oscillator status. When written, D6 causes either the Battery Backed Mode, or the Single Supply Mode of operation. The only method to ensure the chip is in the battery backed mode is to measure the waveform at the OSC OUT pin. If the battery backed mode was selected successfully, then the peak to peak waveform at OSC OUT is referenced to the battery voltage. If not in battery backed mode, the waveform is referenced to VCC. The measurement should be made with a high impedance low capacitance probe (10 MX, 10 pF oscilloscope probe or better). Typical peak to peak swings are within 0.6V of VCC and ground respectively. Write a 1 to bit D7 of Interrupt Control Register 1. This action enables the PFAIL pin and associated circuitry. Initialize the rest of the chip as needed. Typical Application TL/F/11417 – 19 *These components may be necessary to meet UL requirements for lithium batteries. Consult battery manufacturer. 17 Typical Performance Characteristics Operating Current vs Supply Voltage (Battery Backed Mode FOSC e 32.768 kHz, VBB e 2.5V) Operating Current vs Supply Voltage (Single Supply Mode FOSC e 32.768 kHz) TL/F/11417–20 TL/F/11417 – 21 Standby Current vs Power Supply Voltage (FOSC e 32.768 kHz) Standby Current vs Power Supply Voltage FOSC e 4.194304 MHz TL/F/11417–22 TL/F/11417 – 23 18 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) Molded Small Outline Package (M) Order Number LV8572AM NS Package Number M24B Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number LV8572AN NS Package Number N24C 19 LV8572A Real Time Clock (RTC) Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued) Plastic Chip Carrier Package (V) Order Number LV8572AV NS Package Number V28A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. 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