ALLEGRO A4930

A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
Features and Benefits
Description
▪ Synchronous rectification for low power dissipation
▪ Drives four N-channel MOSFETs
▪ Internal UVLO and thermal shutdown circuitry
▪ Hall element input
▪ PWM current limiting
▪ Dead time protection
▪ FG output
▪ RD output
▪ Lock detect protection
▪ High VBB absolute maximum
▪ Soft start
Designed for pulse width modulated (PWM) current control
of single phase brushless fans, the A4930 minimizes external
component count and integrates all the key features required
for high-current fans. Internal synchronous rectification control
circuitry is provided to improve power dissipation in the
external MOSFETs during PWM operation. Internal circuit
protection includes thermal shutdown with hysteresis, rotor
lock, and dead time protection.
The A4930 is supplied in a 0.90 nominal overall height,
5 mm × 5 mm, 28-pin QFN with exposed thermal pad, (suffix
ET). It is lead (Pb) free with 100% matte tin leadframe
plating.
Package: 28-pin QFN with exposed
thermal pad (suffix ET)
Approximate size
Functional Block Diagram
Hall
VREG5
500 Ω
5V
CP1
CP2
0.1 μF
VREG8
0.1 μF
8V
0.1 μF
CHARGE PUMP
VCP
CLD
0.1 μF
0.1 μF
RD
Lock Detect
VBB
FGO
+12V
0.22 μF
Hall
Hall
HP
10 μF
HN
VCP
VREG8
GHA
3.5v
VREG5 HP HN
SA
PWM
Hall
GATE
DRIVE
1.5v
SIN
VREG5
0.1 μF
Control
Logic
5 kΩ
Fan
GHB
SB
GLB
GLA
SMIN
8.2 kΩ
SENSE
vref
/5
CPWM
VREF
51 kΩ
1.24 kΩ
CDEL
GND
SS
GND
4930-DS, Rev. 1
100 mΩ
5 kΩ
470 pF
0.47 μF
VREG5
A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
Selection Guide
Part Number
Ambient Operating
Temperature, TA (°C)
A4930GETTR-T
A4930METTR-T
Packing
–40 to 105
–20 to 105
1500 pieces per 7-in. reel
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Rating
Units
Load Supply Voltage
Characteristic
Symbol
VBB
36
V
Hall Input
VHx
–0.3 to 6
V
Logic Input Voltage Range
VIN
–0.3 to 6
V
Operating Temperature Range
TA
Junction Temperature
Notes
Range G
–40 to 105
ºC
Range M
–20 to 105
ºC
TJ(max)
150
ºC
Tstg
–55 to 150
ºC
Storage Temperature Range
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS may require derating at maximum conditions
Characteristic
Test Conditionsa
Symbol
Package Thermal Resistance
(Junction to Ambient)
RθJA
4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard
2-layer PCB with
0.7 in.2
copper area
Power Dissipation, PD (m W)
Package Thermal Resistance
RθJC
(Junction to Case)
aAdditional thermal information available on Allegro website.
bEstimated.
Power Dissipation versus Ambient Temperature
4000
3750
3500
3250
3000
2750
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
25
Value
Units
32
ºC/W
65
ºC/W
20b
ºC/W
(R
QJ
(R
QJA
50
=6
A
=
5º
32
ºC
C/W
/W
)
)
75
100
Temperature (°C)
125
150
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
2
A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1 valid at TA = 25°C, VBB = 12 V, unless noted otherwise
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.2
Max.
Units
Load Supply Voltage Range
VBB
Operating
8
12
36
V
Motor Supply Current
IBB
fPWM < 30 kHz, Cload = 1000 pf
–
5
7
mA
V5
Iload = 10 mA
4.7
5
5.3
V
15
–
–
mA
–
12
30
mV
VIN(1)
2
–
–
V
VIN(0)
–
–
0.8
V
VREG5
VREG5 Current Limit
IREG5
VREG5 Load Regulation
VREG5
IREG5 = 1 to 10 mA
Control Logic
Logic Input Voltage
PWM Pin Input Current
IIN(0)
VIN = 0, 50 kΩ pull-up
–
–100
–
μA
Other Logic Pin Input Current
IIN(1)
VIN = 3.3
–
–34
–
μA
High Side Gate Drive Output
VGHx
Relative to VBB, VBB = 12 V
Low Side Gate Drive Output
VGLx
Gate Drive
Gate Drive Current Turn-on
IG
GHx = GLx = 4 V
7
–
–
V
7
–
8.5
V
–
20
–
mA
Gate Drive Pulldown
RDS
–
40
–
Ω
Dead Time
tDEAD
700
1000
1300
ns
Control
tSS
CLD = 0.47 μF
–
300
–
ms
Internal PWM Frequency
fPWM
CPWM = 470 pF
15
21
27
kHz
CPWM Output Voltage
VPP
CPWM = 470 pF
–
2
–
V
CPWM Low Threshold
VLO
–
1.5
–
V
CPWM High Threshold
VHI
–
3.5
–
V
SIN Input Impedance
ZIN
–
200
–
kΩ
TJTSD
–
165
–
°C
TJTSDhys
–
15
–
°C
Soft Start Time
Protection
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
Continued on the next page…
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
3
A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1 (continued) valid at TA = 25°C, VBB = 12 V, unless noted otherwise
Characteristic
Symbol
VBB Undervoltage Lockout Enable Threshold
VBBUV
VBB Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis
VCP Undervoltage Lockout Enable Threshold
Test Conditions
Rising VBB
VBBUVhys
VCPUV
Min.
Typ.2
Max.
Units
–
7.5
7.85
V
0.3
0.8
–
V
Relative to VBB, VBB rising
–
5.4
–
V
Lock Detect On-Time
tLDon
CLD = 0.1 μF
–
1
–
s
Lock Detect Off-Time
tLDoff
CLD = 0.1 μF
–
15
–
s
Hall Input Current
IHALL
VIN = 1.2 V
–1
0
1
μA
Common Mode Input Range
VCMR
0.2
–
3
V
AC Input Voltage Range
VHALL
60
–
–
mVp-p
–
10
–
mV
5
20
35
mV
Hall Logic
Hall Threshold
Hysteresis Width
Vth
Difference in Halls at FG transition
VHYS
Pulse Reject Filter
tCD
1
2
3
μs
Commutation Delay
VPU
RCDEL = 50 kΩ
–
50
–
mV
Output Saturation Voltage
VOL
I = 2 mA
–
0.27
0.4
V
Leakage Current
VOH
V=5V
–
–
1
μA
FG and RD Outputs
1For
input and output current specifications, negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device pin.
2Typical data are for initial design estimations only, and assume optimum manufacturing and application conditions. Performance may vary for
individual units, within the specified maximum and minimum limits.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
4
A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
Functional Description
VREG5 This pin should be decoupled with a 0.1 μF capacitor
to ground. VREG5 can supply up to 15 mA, which can used to
power the external Hall element.
VREG8 This pin should be decoupled with a 0.1 μF capacitor to
ground. VREG8 is used to power the low-side gate drive circuits.
Charge Pump The charge pump is used to generate a supply
above VBB to drive the high-side MOSFETs. The VCP voltage
is internally monitored, and in the case of a fault condition, the
outputs of the device are disabled.
Lock Detect The IC detects a locked rotor condition by checking
to ensure that the FG output signal is continuously changing. The
length of time allowed for a stoppage before evaluating a locked
condition, tLD, is set by capacitor connected to CLD pin. CLD produces a triangle waveform with a frequency that is linearly related
to the capacitor value. The definition of tLD is defined as 8 cycles
of this triangle waveform, and its value can be calculated as:
tLD = CLD × (10 s / μF) .
(1)
If an FG transition is not detected within tLD, the IC will disable
the appropriate source driver and hold both sink drivers on. The
circuit will automatically retry with a 15:1 ratio of off-time to ontime. An RD pin logic high indicates this fault condition.
Current Limit and Soft Start To minimize demand on the
power supply, peak current is controlled. Initially, with the fan
at a stand-still, the turn-on of the bridge results in current rising
according to the L/R time constant of the motor. To prevent overstress, this peak current is regulated by an internal PWM control
circuit. When the outputs of the full-bridge are turned on, current
increases in the motor winding until it reaches a value given by:
ITRIP = VREF / 5 × RSENSE .
(2)
The RSENSE value should be chosen to keep the peak sense voltage
within the range of 200 to 500 mV, according to the relationship:
RSENSE < 500 mV / ITRIP
.
(3)
At the trip point, the sense comparator resets the source enable
latch, turning off the source driver. At this point, load inductance
causes the current to recirculate for 50 μs.
A soft start capacitor, CSS, can be connected to the SS pin to set
the rate for slowly ramping-up the load current to the maximum
value, according to the relationship:
tSS = (CSS × VREF) / 3.3E–6
.
(4)
In this case the current limit will likely not be achieved and there
will be less demand on the input power supply. If this feature is
not utilized, the SS pin should be left open.
Synchronous Rectification When a PWM off-cycle is triggered,
load current recirculates. The A4930 synchronous rectification
feature turns on the appropriate MOSFETs during current decay,
and effectively shorts out the body diodes of the low RDS(on)
driver.
TSD If the die temperature exceeds approximately 165°C, the
outputs will be disabled until the internal temperature falls below
a hysteresis level of 15°C.
Shutdown In the event of a fault due to excessive junction
temperature, or low voltage on VCP or VBB, the outputs of
the device are disabled until the fault condition is removed. At
power-up the UVLO circuit disables the drivers until the UVLO
threshold is reached.
CPWM This capacitor sets the frequency of the internal PWM
circuit. The value is typically from 15 to 30 kHz.
PWM The IC accepts a direct input PWM signal with a level in
the range from 0 to 6 V. The duty cycle, DC, of the input to this
pin is converted to an analog voltage that is output on the SIN
terminal as follows:
VSIN = 3.5 V –2 × DC .
(5)
If the PWM input is not used, then leave this pin open circuit.
Direct external PWM control can be utilized by applying the
signal to the SIN input (refer to the Applications Information section). This can be implemented to create different PWM input to
PWM output transfer functions.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
5
A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
SIN An analog voltage input to this pin sets the duty cycle applied
to the fan winding. For temperature-based systems, connect SIN
to a thermistor output. For systems with direct input to the PWM
pin, the pin should be decoupled with a 0.1 μF capacitor. If variable fan speed is not required, for 100% duty cycle, connect this
pin to GND. The input impedance is 200 kΩ (referenced to a
3.5 or 1.5 V rail).
SMIN An analog voltage input to this pin sets the minimum speed
duty cycle to the fan winding. The PWM comparator chooses
either SIN or SMIN to determine the output duty cycle, which-
ever is set to a lower voltage. For 100% duty cycle applications,
connect this pin to GND.
CDEL A resistor connected between this pin and GND sets
the level at which the A4930 switches to slow decay mode in
advance of the Hall zero crossing as shown here:
VCDEL = (2950 / RCDEL) – 7 mV
.
(mV)
(6)
The resistor should be 25 to 100 kΩ. If this feature is not used,
the CDEL pin should be pulled up to VREG5 with a 5 kΩ resistor.
LD
FG
HP
0
VCDEL(1)
VCDEL(2)
Vth(1)
Vth(2)
Vth(1) = VHP – VHN = 10 mV (Typical)
Vth(2) = VHN – VHP = 10 mV (Typical)
VHYS = Vth(1) + Vth(2) = 20 mV (Typical)
HN
SA
SB
tCDEL
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
6
A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
Applications Information
Overvoltage In a typical fan application, there is a blocking
diode that prevents currents from flowing back out of the fan
assembly to the 12 V supply. When the fan commutates before
the current has decayed to zero, the current charges up the VBB
bypass capacitor.
The larger the bypass capacitor, the less the voltage overshoot.
Typically, a clamp diode is required to dissipate energy from the
inductive kickback to avoid exceeding the maximum rating for
VBB , 36 V.
Layout Small form factor PCBs present a layout challenge for
the application. The layout would be restricted by the placement
of the Hall element, the location of the motor connectors, and the
common requirement that all components be placed on one side
of the PCB. For optimum results, consider the following recommendations:
• Place the external MOSFET bridge close to the power connector. The bridge includes two dual N-channel MOSFETs, a sense
resistor, and a power supply capacitor. This will keep the large
current flows in one area of the PCB and avoid ground loop
problems.
• Keep the sense connection to the power bridge as short as possible. This can be achieved by positioning the MOSFETs next to
each other, and by connecting the source of the sink side MOSFETs via a short trace, preferably on the surface of the PCB,
under the MOSFETs. A short trace here would minimize voltage
spikes due to inductance in the path, where currents switch at
high di/dt.
• Place the power traces from the MOSFETs to the motor connector on the opposite side of the PCB. If possible, on that side
isolate the power traces by ground traces in order to minimize
interference with other signal traces due to the high dv/dt of the
power traces.
• Locate the A4930 to minimize the length of the GHx/GLx/Sx
traces to the power stage.
• Connect the GND pins of the A4930 to the exposed pad. Use
vias under the IC case to connect the exposed pad to the ground
plane on the opposite face of the PCB.
External PWM Refering to the figure below, if external PWM
control is being used, the high voltage level is set by R1, R2, and
R3. The low voltage level is set by R1 and R3.
VREG5
0.1 μF
PWM
R1
10 kΩ
PWM
Duty In
+
0.47 μF
R2
R3
Control
Logic
SIN
5 kΩ
SMIN
–
CPWM
8.2 kΩ
PWM control using External PWM input
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
7
A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
22 GHA
23 GND
24 CP1
25 CP2
26 VCP
27 VBB
28 NC
Pin-out Diagram
VREG5
1
21 SA
CLD
2
20 GHB
FG
3
RD
4
HP
5
17 GLA
HN
6
16 GLB
CDEL
7
15 SENSE
19 SB
GND 14
VREF 13
18 VREG8
SS 12
SMIN 11
9
SIN 10
8
PWM
CPWM
PAD
Terminal List
Number
Name
1
VREG5
Number
Name
Description
Regulator decoupling terminal
2
CLD
3
Description
16
GLB
Low-side drive for external N-channel MOSFET
Capacitor to set Lock Detect Time
17
GLA
Low-side drive for external N-channel MOSFET
FG
FG output, fan speed indicator (open drain)
18
VREG8
4
RD
RD output, high for locked rotor condition (open
drain)
19
SB
5
HP
Hall input positive
20
GHB
Gate drive supply
High-side source connection
High-side drive for external N-channel MOSFET
6
HN
Hall input negative
21
SA
7
CDEL
Commutation delay
22
GHA
PWM input
23
GND
Ground
Capacitor to set internal frequency
24
CP1
Charge pump capacitor terminal
8
PWM
9
CPWM
10
SIN
11
SMIN
12
SS
13
14
15
SENSE
High-side source connection
High-side drive for external N-channel MOSFET
Speed analog input/adjusted PWM output
25
CP2
Charge pump capacitor terminal
Minimum speed analog input
26
VCP
Reservoir capacitor terminal
Connection for soft start capacitor
27
VBB
Supply voltage
VREF
Current limit setpoint
28
NC
Not connected
GND
Ground
–
Pad
Thermal pad, connect to GND plane with vias to
bottom of PCB
Sense resistor connection
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
8
A4930
Single Phase Fan Pre-Driver
Package ET 28-Pin QFN with Exposed Thermal Pad
0.30
5.00 ±0.15
1.15
28
1
2
0.50
28
1
A
5.00 ±0.15
3.15
4.80
3.15
29X
D
SEATING
PLANE
0.08 C
C
4.80
C
+0.05
0.25 –0.07
PCB Layout Reference View
0.90 ±0.10
0.50
For Reference Only
(reference JEDEC MO-220VHHD-1)
Dimensions in millimeters
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
+0.20
0.55 –0.10
A Terminal #1 mark area
B
3.15
2
1
28
3.15
B Exposed thermal pad (reference only, terminal #1
identifier appearance at supplier discretion)
C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351
QFN50P500X500X100-29V1M);
All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as
necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout
tolerances; when mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the
exposed thermal pad land can improve thermal dissipation (reference
EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
D Coplanarity includes exposed thermal pad and terminals
Copyright ©2008-2010, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
The products described here are manufactured under one or more U.S. patents or U.S. patents pending.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the
information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the
failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use;
nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
9