LT3591 White LED Driver with Integrated Schottky in 3mm × 2mm DFN DESCRIPTION FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Drives Up to Ten White LEDs from a 3V Supply High Side Sense Allows “One Wire Current Source” Internal Schottky Diode One Pin Dimming and Shutdown 80:1 True Color PWMTM Dimming Range 42V Open LED Protection 1MHz Switching Frequency ±5% Reference Accuracy VIN Range: 2.5V to 12V Requires Only 2.2µF Output Capacitor Low Profile 8-Lead DFN Package (3mm × 2mm × 0.75mm) APPLICATIONS ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Cellular Phones PDAs, Handheld Computers Digital Cameras MP3 Players GPS Receivers The LT®3591 is a fixed frequency step-up DC/DC converter specifically designed to drive up to ten white LEDs in series from a Li-Ion cell. Series connection of the LEDs provides identical LED currents resulting in uniform brightness and eliminating the need for ballast resistors. The device features a unique high side LED current sense that enables the part to function as a “one wire current source;” one side of the LED string can be returned to ground anywhere, allowing a simpler one wire LED connection. Traditional LED drivers use a grounded resistor to sense LED current, requiring a 2-wire connection to the LED string. The high switching frequency allows the use of tiny inductors and capacitors. A single pin performs both shutdown and accurate LED dimming control. Few external components are needed: open-LED protection and the Schottky diode are all contained inside a low profile 3mm × 2mm DFN package. , LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. True Color PWM is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. TYPICAL APPLICATION Li-Ion Driver for Ten White LEDs Conversion Efficiency 80 SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL 75 CTRL VIN CAP RSENSE 10Ω LT3591 22µH SW EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 3V TO 5V VIN = 3.6V 10 LEDs LED GND 70 65 2.2µF 1µF 60 55 0 5 10 15 20 LED CURRENT (mA) 3591 TA01b 3591 TA01a 3591f 1 LT3591 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION (Note 1) TOP VIEW Input Voltage (VIN) ................................................... 12V CTRL Voltage ........................................................... 12V SW Voltage .............................................................. 45V CAP Voltage ............................................................. 45V LED Voltage ............................................................. 45V Operating Junction Temperature Range (Note 2) ...............................................–40°C to 85°C Maximum Junction Temperature ........................ 125°C Storage Temperature Range...................–65°C to 150°C VIN 1 GND 2 NC 3 8 CTRL 9 SW 4 7 LED 6 NC 5 CAP DDB PACKAGE 8-LEAD (3mm × 2mm) PLASTIC DFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 76°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 9) SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO PCB GROUND ORDER PART NUMBER DDB PART MARKING LT3591EDDB LCPG Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = 3V, VCTRL = 3V, unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 200 210 mV 2.5 Minimum Operating Voltage ● VCAP = 24V, ISW = 300mA CAP Pin Bias Current VCAP = 36V, VLED = 35.8V 40 80 µA LED Pin Bias Current VCAP = 36V, VLED = 35.8V 20 40 µA Supply Current VCAP = 24V, VLED = 23V CTRL = 0V 4 9 5 11 mA µA 0.75 1 1.2 MHz 92 94 % 500 Switching Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle ● 190 V LED Current Sense Voltage (VCAP – VLED) 800 mA Switch VCESAT ISW = 300mA 200 mV Switch Leakage Current VSW = 24V 0.1 VCTRL for Full LED Current VCAP = 44V Switch Current Limit ● 5 1.5 V VCTRL to Shut Down IC 50 ● VCTRL to Turn On IC 100 CTRL Pin Bias Current ● Schottky Forward Drop ISCHOTTKY = 200mA Schottky Leakage Current VR = 30V Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. 40 mV mV 100 CAP Pin Overvoltage Protection µA 42 nA 44 0.8 V V 4 µA Note 2: The LT3591E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from 0°C to 85°C operating junction temperature range. Specifications over the –40°C to 85°C operating junction temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. 3591f 2 LT3591 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Switch Saturation Voltage (VCESAT) Schottky Forward Voltage Drop 25°C 400 300 125°C 200 – 50°C 100 500 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA) SCHOTTKY FORWARD CURRENT (mA) 125°C 400 300 25°C 200 – 50°C 100 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 SWITCH CURRENT (mA) 200 400 600 800 1000 SCHOTTKY FORWARD DROP (mV) Sense Voltage (VCAP – VLED) vs VCTRL – 50°C 25°C 6 125°C 3 1200 0 3 6 9 12 VIN (V) 3591 G03 Open-Circuit Output Clamp Voltage Input Current in Output Open Circuit 8 45 – 50°C 25°C 125°C 7 OUTPUT CLAMP VOLTAGE (V) 200 9 3591 G02 3591 G01 240 12 0 0 0 160 120 80 40 44 INPUT CURRENT (mA) SWITCH SATURATION VOLTAGE (mV) Shutdown Current (VCTRL = 0V) 15 600 500 SENSE VOLTAGE (mV) TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified. 25°C 43 125°C 42 – 50°C 25°C 6 125°C 5 – 50°C 4 3 2 41 1 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 VCTRL (mV) 2500 3000 40 0 3 0 6 9 12 0 VIN (V) 3591 G04 6 VIN (V) 9 12 3591 G06 3591 G05 Switching Waveform Transient Response VSW 20V/DIV VCAP 5V/DIV VCAP 50mV/DIV VCTRL 5V/DIV IL 200mA/DIV IL 500mA/DIV VIN = 3.6V 500ms/DIV FRONT PAGE APPLICATION CIRCUIT 3 3591 G07 VIN = 3.6V 1ms/DIV FRONT PAGE APPLICATION CIRCUIT 3591 G08 3591f 3 LT3591 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Quiescent Current (VCTRL = 3V) Schottky Leakage Current vs Temperature Current Limit vs Temperature 6 15 25°C SCHOTTKY LEAKAGE CURRENT (µA) 1000 5 QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified. 800 CURRENT LIMIT (mA) 125°C 4 – 50°C 3 2 600 400 200 1 0 0 3 6 VIN (V) 9 0 12 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 3591 G09 8 INPUT CURRENT (mA) 42 41 6 5 4 3 2 1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 3591 G12 750 –50 –25 125 204 204 90 –50 –25 SENSE VOLTAGE (mV) 98 SENSE VOLTAGE (mV) 208 MAXIMUM DUTY CYCLE (%) 208 25°C 200 125°C 196 – 50°C 100 125 188 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 VCAP (V) 3591 G15 200 196 192 192 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 125 Sense Voltage (VCAP – VLED) vs Temperature 100 92 100 3591 G14 Sense Voltage (VCAP – VLED) vs VCAP 94 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3591 G13 Maximum Duty Cycle vs Temperature 125 1150 0 –50 –25 125 96 100 1200 VIN = 3V 1 100 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) Switching Frequency vs Temperature SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) OUTPUT CLAMP VOLTAGE (V) 3 3591 G11 7 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6 0 –50 –25 125 44 –25 9 Input Current in Output Open Circuit vs Temperature 45 40 –50 12 3591 G10 Open-Circuit Output Clamp Voltage vs Temperature 43 VR = 10V VR = 16V VR = 20V 3591 G16 188 –50 –25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 3591 G17 3591f 4 LT3591 PIN FUNCTIONS VIN (Pin 1): Input Supply Pin. Must be locally bypassed. CTRL (Pin 8): Dimming and Shutdown Pin. Connect this pin below 50mV to disable the driver. As the pin voltage is ramped from 0V to 1.5V, the LED current ramps from 0 to ILED ( = 200mV/RSENSE). The CTRL pin must not be left floating. GND (Pin 2): Ground Pin. Should be tied directly to local ground plane. SW (Pin 4): Switch Pin. Minimize trace area at this pin to minimize EMI. Connect the inductor at this pin. Exposed Pad (Pin 9): Ground. The Exposed Pad must be soldered to PCB ground to achieve the rated thermal performance. CAP (Pin 5): Output of the Driver. This pin is connected to the cathode of internal Schottky. Connect the output capacitor to this pin and the sense resistor from this pin to the LED pin. LED (Pin 7): Connection Point for the Anode of the First LED and the Sense Resistor. The LED current can be programmed by : ILED = 200mV RSENSE BLOCK DIAGRAM 1 4 SW VIN PWM COMP – CAP 5 DRIVER A2 R + S Q1 Q OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION + Σ R A3 – RAMP GENERATOR + OSCILLATOR A1 RC START-UP CONTROL + + – VREF 1.25V SHDN A = 6.25 – LED 7 CC CTRL 8 GND 2 3591 F01 Figure 1. Block Diagram 3591f 5 LT3591 OPERATION The LT3591 uses a constant frequency, current mode control scheme to provide excellent line and load regulation. Operation can be best understood by referring to the Block Diagram in Figure 1. the LED current. The LT3591 enters into shutdown when CTRL is pulled lower than 50mV. At power-up, the capacitor at the CAP pin is charged up to VIN (input supply voltage) through the inductor and the internal Schottky diode. If CTRL is pulled higher than 100mV, the bandgap reference, the start-up bias and the oscillator are turned on. At the start of each oscillator cycle, the power switch Q1 is turned on. A voltage proportional to the switch current is added to a stabilizing ramp and the resulting sum is fed into the positive terminal of the PWM comparator, A2. When this voltage exceeds the level at the negative input of A2, the PWM logic turns off the power switch. The level at the negative input of A2 is set by the error amplifier A1, and is simply an amplified version of the difference between the VCAP and VLED voltage and the bandgap reference. In this manner the error amplifier, A1, sets the correct peak current level in inductor L1 to keep the output in regulation. The CTRL pin is used to adjust The LT3591 can drive a 2-LED string at 2mA LED current without pulse skipping using the same external components shown in the application circuit on the front page of this data sheet. As current is further reduced, the device will begin skipping pulses. This will result in some low frequency ripple, although the average LED current remains regulated down to zero. The photo in Figure 2 details circuit operation driving two white LEDs at 2mA load. Peak inductor current is less than 40mA and the regulator operates in discontinuous mode, meaning the inductor current reaches zero during the discharge phase. After the inductor current reaches zero, the SW pin exhibits ringing due to the LC tank circuit formed by the inductor in combination with the switch and the diode capacitance. This ringing is not harmful; far less spectral energy is contained in the ringing than in the switch transitions. Minimum Output Current IL 20mA/DIV VSW 5V/DIV VIN = 4.2V ILED = 2mA 2 LEDs 500ns/DIV 3591 F02 Figure 2. Switching Waveforms 3591f 6 LT3591 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION INDUCTOR SELECTION CAPACITOR SELECTION A 22µH inductor is recommended for most LT3591 applications. Although small size and high efficiency are major concerns, the inductor should have low core losses at 1MHz and low DCR (copper wire resistance). Some small inductors in this category are listed in Table 1. The efficiency comparison of different inductors is shown in Figure 3. The small size of ceramic capacitors make them ideal for LT3591 applications. Use only X5R and X7R types because they retain their capacitance over wider temperature ranges than other types such as Y5V or Z5U. A 1µF input capacitor and a 50V, 2.2µF output capacitor are sufficient for most applications. Table 1. Recommended Inductors PART CURRENT L RATING (µH) (mA) VENDOR Table 2. Recommended Output Capacitors 4 × 3.8 × 1.2 TDK www.tdk.com VLF4012AT220MR51 22 VLCF4018T220MR49-2 22 490 4.1 × 4.1 × 1.8 VLCF4020T220MR56 22 560 4.1 × 4.1 × 2 LQH43CN220K03 22 420 4.8 × 3.4 × 2.8 Murata www.murata.com GRM31MR71H105KA88 4.2 × 4.2 × 1.8 Taiyo Yuden www.t-yuden.com 4.2 × 4.2 × 1.2 GRM31CR71H225KA88 NR4018T220M 22 590 NR4012T220M 22 510 CDRH3D18220NC 22 600 B82470-A1223-M 22 480 VOLTAGE CASE SIZE C (µF) PART GRM21BR71H105KA12L 4 × 4 ×2 85 1 TEMP. 50V X7R Sumida www.sumida.com 4.8 × 4.8 × 1.2 Epcos www.epcos.com 1 2.2 GRM31CR71H475KA12L 4.7 UMK316BJ475KL-T 4.7 HEIGHT (mm) 0805 Murata 1.25 ± 0.15 www.murata.com 50V 1206 X7R 1.15 ± 0.1 50V 1206 X7R 1.6 ± 0.2 50V 1206 X7R 1.6 ± 0.2 50V 1206 X7R VENDOR Taiyo Yuden 1.6 ± 0.2 www.t-yuden.com VIN = 3.6V 10 LEDs 80 75 EFFICIENCY (%) 510 MAX DIMENSION L×W×H (mm) A limited number of manufacturers produce small 50V capacitors. Table 2 shows a list of several recommended 50V capacitors. Consult the manufacturer for detailed information on their entire selection of ceramic parts. 70 TAIYO YUDEN NR4018T220M TDK VLCF4018T-220MR49-2 TAIYO YUDEN NR4012T220M TDKVLCF4012AT-220MR51 MURATA LQH43CN220K03 TDK VLCF4020T-220MR56 SUMIDA CDRH3D18-220NC EPCOS B82470-A1223-M 65 60 55 50 0 5 10 LED CURRENT (mA) 15 20 3591 F03 Figure 3. Efficiency Comparison of Different Inductors 3591f 7 LT3591 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION SCHOTTKY DIODE The LT3591 has a built-in Schottky diode. The internal schottky saves board space in space constrained applications. In less space sensitive applications, an external schottky diode connected between the SW node and the CAP node increases efficiency one to two percent. It is important to use a properly rated schottky diode that can handle the peak switch current of the LT3591. In addition, the schottky diode must have a breakdown voltage of at least 40V along with a low forward voltage in order to achieve higher efficiency. One recommended external schottky diode for the LT3591 is the Phillips PMEG4005AEA. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION The LT3591 has an internal open-circuit protection circuit. In the cases of output open circuit, when the LEDs are disconnected from the circuit or the LEDs fail open circuit, VCAP is clamped at 42V (typ). The LT3591 will then switch at a very low frequency to minimize input current. The VCAP and input current during output open circuit are shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics. Figure 4 shows the transient response when the LEDs are disconnected. For low DCR inductors, which is usually the case for this application, the peak inrush current can be simplified as follows: V – 0.6 ⎛ α π⎞ • exp ⎜ – • ⎟ IPK = IN ⎝ ω 2⎠ L•ω α= r 2 •L r2 1 – L • C 4 • L2 ω= where L is the inductance, r is the DCR of the inductor and C is the output capacitance. Table 3 gives inrush peak currents for some component selections. Table 3. Inrush Peak Currents VIN (V) r (Ω) L (µH) COUT (µF) IP (A) 4.2 0.3 22 2.2 1.06 4.2 0.71 22 2.2 0.96 4.2 0.58 15 1 0.83 4.2 1.6 15 1 0.68 PROGRAMMING LED CURRENT IL 500mA/DIV The feedback resistor (RSENSE) and the sense voltage (VCAP – VLED) control the LED current. VCAP 20V/DIV VIN = 3.6V CIRCUIT OF FRONT PAGE APPLICATION 500µs/DIV 3591 F04 LEDs DISCONNECTED AT THIS INSTANT Figure 4. Output Open-Circuit Waveform INRUSH CURRENT The LT3591 has a built-in Schottky diode. When supply voltage is applied to the VIN pin, an inrush current flows through the inductor and the Schottky diode and charges up the CAP voltage. The Schottky diode inside the LT3591 can sustain a maximum current of 1A. The CTRL pin controls the sense reference voltage as shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics. For CTRL higher than 1.5V, the sense reference is 200mV, which results in full LED current. In order to have accurate LED current, precision resistors are preferred (1% is recommended). The formula and table for RSENSE selection are shown below. RSENSE = 200mV ILED 3591f 8 LT3591 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ILED (mA) RSENSE (Ω) 5 40 10 20 15 13.3 20 10 DIMMING CONTROL There are three different types of dimming control circuits. The LED current can be set by modulating the CTRL pin with a DC voltage, a filtered PWM signal or directly with a PWM signal. Using a DC Voltage For some applications, the preferred method of brightness control is a variable DC voltage to adjust the LED current. The CTRL pin voltage can be modulated to set the dimming of the LED string. As the voltage on the CTRL pin increases from 0V to 1.5V, the LED current increases from 0 to ILED. As the CTRL pin voltage increases beyond 1.5V, it has no effect on the LED current. The LED current can be set by: 200mV , when VCTRL > 1.5V ILED ≈ RSENSE ILED ≈ VCTRL , when VCTRL < 1.25V 6.225 • RSENSE Feedback voltage variation versus control voltage is given in the Typical Performance Characteristics. The corner frequency of R1, C1 should be much lower than the frequency of the PWM signal. R1 needs to be much smaller than the internal impedance of the CTRL pin which is 10MΩ (typ). Direct PWM Dimming Changing the forward current flowing in the LEDs not only changes the intensity of the LEDs, it also changes the color. The chromaticity of the LEDs changes with the change in forward current. Many applications cannot tolerate any shift in the color of the LEDs. Controlling the intensity of the LEDs with a direct PWM signal allows dimming of the LEDs without changing the color. In addition, direct PWM dimming offers a wider dimming range to the user. Dimming the LEDs via a PWM signal essentially involves turning the LEDs on and off at the PWM frequency. The typical human eye has a limit of ~60 frames per second. By increasing the PWM frequency to ~80Hz or higher, the eye will interpret that the pulsed light source is continuously on. Additionally, by modulating the duty cycle (amount of “on-time”), the intensity of the LEDs can be controlled. The color of the LEDs remains unchanged in this scheme since the LED current value is either zero or a constant value. Figure 6 shows a Li-Ion powered driver for ten white LEDs. Direct PWM dimming method requires an external NMOS tied between the cathode of the lowest LED in the string VIN 3V TO 5V L1 22µH C1 1µF Using a Filtered PWM Signal VIN PWM 10kHz TYP LT3591 C1 0.1µF C2 2.2µF CTRL 5V 0V CTRL RSENSE 10Ω LED GND A filtered PWM signal can be used to control the brightness of the LED string. The PWM signal is filtered (Figure 5) by a RC network and fed to the CTRL pin. R1 100k CAP SW LT3591 PWM FREQ Q1 Si2308 100k 3591 F06 Table 4. RSENSE Value Selection for 200mV Sense 3591 F05 Figure 5. Dimming Control Using a Filtered PWM Signal Figure 6. Li-Ion to Ten White LEDs with Direct PWM Dimming 3591f 9 LT3591 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION PWM 5V/DIV The calculations show that for a 100Hz signal the dimming range is 83 to 1. In addition, the minimum PWM duty cycle of 1.2% ensures that the LED current has enough time to settle to its final value. Figure 8 shows the dimming range achievable for different frequencies with a settling time of 120µs. 10000 PWM DIMMING RANGE and ground as shown in Figure 6. A Si2308 MOSFET can be used since its source is connected to ground. The PWM signal is applied to the CTRL pin of the LT3591 and the gate of the MOSFET. The PWM signal should traverse between 0V to 5V, to ensure proper turn on and off of the driver and the NMOS transistor Q1. When the PWM signal goes high, the LEDs are connected to ground and a current of ILED = 200mV/RSENSE flows through the LEDs. When the PWM signal goes low, the LEDs are disconnected and turn off. The MOSFET ensures that the LEDs quickly turn off without discharging the output capacitor which in turn allows the LEDs to turn on faster. Figure 7 shows the PWM dimming waveforms for the circuit in Figure 6. 1000 IL 500mA/DIV PULSING MAY BE VISIBLE 100 10 1 10 100 1000 PWM DIMMING FREQUENCY (Hz) 10000 3591 F08 ILED 20mA/DIV Figure 8. Dimming Range vs Frequency 2ms/DIV Figure 7. Direct PWM Dimming Waveforms The time it takes for the LED current to reach its programmed value sets the achievable dimming range for a given PWM frequency. For example, the settling time of the LED current in Figure 7 is approximately 120µs for a 3.6V input voltage. The achievable dimming range for this application and 100Hz PWM frequency can be determined using the following method. Example: ƒ = 100Hz, t SETTLE = 120µs 1 1 tPERIOD = = = 0.01s ƒ 100 t 0.01s = 83 : 1 Dim Range = PERIOD = t SETTLE 120µs Min Duty Cycle = t SETTLE 120µs • 100 = • 100 = 1.2% tPERIOD 0.01s Duty Cycle Range = 100% → 1.2% at 100Hz 10 In addition to extending the dimming range, PWM dimming improves the efficiency of the converter for LED currents below 20mA. Figure 9 shows the efficiency for traditional analog dimming of the front page application and PWM dimming of the application in Figure 6. 80 PWM DIMMING 75 EFFICIENCY (%) VIN = 3.6V 10 LEDs 3591 F07 70 65 ANALOG DIMMING 60 VIN = 3.6V 10 LEDs 55 0 5 10 15 20 LED CURRENT (mA) 3591 F09 Figure 9. PWM vs Analog Dimming Efficiency 3591f LT3591 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION LOW INPUT VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS The LT3591 can be used in low input voltage applications. The input supply voltage to the LT3591 must be 2.5V or higher. However, the inductor can be run off a lower battery voltage. This technique allows the LEDs to be powered off two alkaline cells. Most portable devices have a 3.3V logic supply voltage which can be used to power the LT3591. The LEDs can be driven straight from the battery, resulting in higher efficiency. As with all switching regulators, careful attention must be paid to the PCB board layout and component placement. To prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems, proper layout of high frequency switching paths is essential. Minimize the length and area of all traces connected to the switching node pin (SW). Keep the sense voltage pins (CAP and LED) away from the switching node. Place COUT next to the CAP pin. Always use a ground plane under the switching regulator to minimize interplane coupling. Recommended component placement is shown in Figure 11. Figure 10 shows six LEDs powered by two AA cells. The battery is connected to the inductor and the chip is powered off a 3.3V logic supply voltage. CIN SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL 3.3V C1 1µF VIN CTRL 2 AA CELLS 2V TO 3.2V CTRL 8 1 CAP 2 RSENSE 10Ω LT3591 L1 15µH VIN LED L1 C2 4.7µF SW 3 GND 9 7 LED 6 SW 5 CAP 4 GND COUT C1 1µF RSENSE 3591 F11 3591 F10 C1: TAIYO YUDEN EMK107BJ105MA C2: MURATA GRM31CR71H475KA12L L1: TAIYO YUDEN NR4018T150M Figure 11. Recommended Component Placement Figure 10. 2 AA Cells to Six White LEDs 3591f 11 LT3591 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Li-Ion Driver for Ten White LEDs Efficiency D1 L1 22µH 85 *OPTIONAL VIN = 3.6V 10 LEDs 80 SW VIN NO SCHOTTKY CAP RSENSE 10Ω LT3591 SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL CTRL LED GND C2 2.2µF C1 1µF EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 3V TO 5V 75 70 EXTERNAL SCHOTTKY 65 60 55 5 3591 TA02a 0 C1:TAIYO YUDEN EMK107BJ105MA C2: MURATA GRM31CR71H225KA88 3491 TA02b Efficiency SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL 80 CTRL L1 10µH RSENSE 3.92Ω LT3591 SW LED GND C2 4.7µF 3591 TA03a C1 1µF C1:TAIYO YUDEN EMK107BJ105MA C2: MURATA GRM31CR71H475KA12L L1: MURATA LQH32CN100K53 VIN = 3.6V 4 LEDs 75 CAP EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 20 L1: TAIYO YUDEN NR4018T220M D1: PHILLIPS PMEG4005AEA Li-Ion Driver for Four White LEDs at 50mA VIN 3V TO 5V 15 10 LED CURRENT (mA) 70 65 60 0 10 20 30 LED CURRENT (mA) 40 50 3591 TA03b 3591f 12 LT3591 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 24V to Four White LEDs at 100mA Efficiency 95 C2 4.7µF CAP VIN 3V 90 RSENSE 2Ω C3 1µF LED L1 22µH VIN C1 1µF SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL EFFICIENCY (%) PVIN 24V 85 80 LT3591 75 CTRL SW 3591 TA05a GND 70 20 0 C1: TAIYO YUDEN EMK107BJ105MA C2: MURATA GRM31CR71H475KA12L C3: MURATA GRM21BR71H105KA12L L1: TAIYO YUDEN NR4018T220M 95 RSENSE 2Ω 90 LED L1 22µH VIN SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL C1 1µF LT3591 CTRL SW 3591 TA06a EFFICIENCY (%) CAP VIN 3V 100 Efficiency C2 4.7µF C3 1µF 80 3591 TA05b 24V to Five White LEDs at 100mA PVIN 24V 40 60 LED CURRENT (mA) 85 80 75 GND 70 C1: TAIYO YUDEN EMK107BJ105MA C2: MURATA GRM31CR71H475KA12L C3: MURATA GRM21BR71H105KA12L L1: TAIYO YUDEN NR4018T220M 0 20 40 60 LED CURRENT (mA) 80 100 3591 TA06b 3591f 13 LT3591 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Li-Ion Driver for Seven White LEDs Conversion Efficiency SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL 85 VIN = 3.6V 7 LEDs 80 CTRL VIN L1 22µH C1 1µF 75 CAP RSENSE 10Ω LT3591 SW LED C2 2.2µF GND EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 3V TO 5V 70 65 60 55 50 0 5 10 15 LED CURRENT (mA) 20 3591 TA07b 3591 TA07a C1: TAIYO YUDEN EMK107BJ105MA C2: MURATA GRM31CR71H225KA88 L1: TAIYO YUDEN NR4018T220M Li-Ion Driver for Eight White LEDs Conversion Efficiency SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL 85 VIN = 3.6V 8 LEDs 80 VIN 3V TO 5V VIN L1 22µH C1 1µF CAP RSENSE 10Ω LT3591 SW LED C2 2.2µF GND EFFICIENCY (%) CTRL 75 70 65 60 55 0 5 10 15 LED CURRENT (mA) 20 3591 TA08b 3591 TA08a C1: TAIYO YUDEN EMK107BJ105MA C2: MURATA GRM31CR71H225KA88 L1: TAIYO YUDEN NR4018T220M 3591f 14 LT3591 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION DDB Package 8-Lead Plastic DFN (3mm × 2mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1702 Rev B) 0.61 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) 0.70 ±0.05 2.55 ±0.05 1.15 ±0.05 PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC 2.20 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS 3.00 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) R = 0.115 TYP 5 R = 0.05 TYP 0.40 ± 0.10 8 2.00 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) PIN 1 BAR TOP MARK (SEE NOTE 6) 0.56 ± 0.05 (2 SIDES) 0.200 REF 0.75 ±0.05 0 – 0.05 4 0.25 ± 0.05 1 PIN 1 R = 0.20 OR 0.25 × 45° CHAMFER (DDB8) DFN 0905 REV B 0.50 BSC 2.15 ±0.05 (2 SIDES) BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD NOTE: 1. DRAWING CONFORMS TO VERSION (WECD-1) IN JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-229 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 3591f Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 15 LT3591 TYPICAL APPLICATION Li-Ion Driver for Nine White LEDs Conversion Efficiency 85 SHUTDOWN AND DIMMING CONTROL VIN = 3.6V 9 LEDs 80 VIN 3V TO 5V VIN L1 22µH CAP SW C1 1µF RSENSE 10Ω LT3591 C2 2.2µF LED GND EFFICIENCY (%) CTRL 75 70 65 60 55 0 5 20 15 10 LED CURRENT (mA) 3591 TA09b 3591 TA09a C1: TAIYO YUDEN EMK107BJ105MA C2: MURATA GRM31CR71H225KA88 L1: TAIYO YUDEN NR4018T220M RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LT1618 Constant-Current, Constant Voltage 1.24MHz, High Efficiency Boost Regulator Up to 16 White LEDs, VIN: 1.6V to 18V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 1.8mA, ISD < 1µA, MS Package LT1937 Constant-Current, 1.2MHz, High Efficiency White LED Boost Regulator Up to 4 White LEDs, VIN: 2.5V to 10V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 1.9mA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOTTM/SC70 Packages LTC®3200 Low Noise, 2MHz Regulated Charge Pump White LED Driver Up to 6 White LEDs, VIN: 2.7V to 4.5V, IQ = 8mA, ISD < 1µA, MS Package LTC3200-5 Low Noise, 2MHz Regulated Charge Pump White LED Driver Up to 6 White LEDs, VIN: 2.7V to 4.5V, IQ = 8mA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package LTC3201 Low Noise, 1.7MHz Regulated Charge Pump White LED Driver Up to 6 White LEDs, VIN: 2.7V to 4.5V, IQ = 6.5mA, ISD < 1µA, MS Package LTC3202 Low Noise, 1.5MHz Regulated Charge Pump White LED Driver Up to 8 White LEDs, VIN: 2.7V to 4.5V, IQ = 5mA, ISD < 1µA, MS Package LTC3205 High Efficiency, Multidisplay LED Controller Up to 4 (Main), 2 (Sub) and RGB, VIN: 2.8V to 4.5V, IQ = 50µA, ISD < 1µA, 24-Lead QFN Package LT3465/LT3465A Constant-Current, 1.2MHz/2.7MHz, High Efficiency White LED Boost Regulator with Integrated Schottky Diode Up to 6 White LEDs, VIN: 2.7V to 16V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 1.9mA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package LT3466/LT3466-1 Dual Full Function, 2MHz Diodes White LED Step-Up Converter Up to 20 White LEDs, VIN: 2.7V to 24V, VOUT(MAX) = 39V, DFN, TSSOP-16 Packages with Built-In Schottkys LT3486 Dual 1.3A White LED Converter with 1000:1 True Color PWM Dimming Drives Up to 16 100mA White LEDs. VIN: 2.5V to 24V, VOUT(MAX) = 36V, DFN, TSSOP Packages LT3491 2.3MHz White LED Driver with Integrated Schottky Diode Drives Up to 6 LEDs. VIN: 2.5V to 12V, VOUT(MAX) = 27V, SC70 and DFN Packages LT3497 Dual Full Function 2.3MHz LED Driver with 250:1 True Color PWM Dimming with Integrated Schottky Diodes Up to 12 White LEDs, VIN: 2.5V to 10V, VOUT(MAX) = 32V, 3mm × 2mm DFN Package ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation 3591f 16 Linear Technology Corporation LT 0207 • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2007