a 2.35 V to 5.25 V, 1 MSPS, 12-/10-/8-Bit ADCs in 6-Lead SC70 AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A* FEATURES Fast Throughput Rate: 1 MSPS Specified for VDD of 2.35 V to 5.25 V Low Power: 3.6 mW Typ at 1 MSPS with 3 V Supplies 12.5 mW Typ at 1 MSPS with 5 V Supplies Wide Input Bandwidth: 71 dB SNR at 100 kHz Input Frequency Flexible Power/Serial Clock Speed Management No Pipeline Delays High Speed Serial Interface SPI®/QSPI™/MICROWIRE™/DSP Compatible Standby Mode: 1 A Max 6-Lead SC70 Package 8-Lead MSOP Package FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VDD VIN T/H 12-/10-/8-BIT SUCCESSIVEAPPROXIMATION ADC SCLK CONTROL LOGIC SDATA CS AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A GND APPLICATIONS Battery-Powered Systems Personal Digital Assistants Medical Instruments Mobile Communications Instrumentation and Control Systems Data Acquisition Systems High Speed Modems Optical Sensors GENERAL DESCRIPTION PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS The AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A are 12-bit, 10-bit, and 8-bit high speed, low power, successive-approximation ADCs, respectively. The parts operate from a single 2.35 V to 5.25 V power supply and feature throughput rates up to 1 MSPS. The parts contain a low noise, wide bandwidth track-and-hold amplifier that can handle input frequencies in excess of 13 MHz. 1. First 8-/10-/12-bit ADCs in an SC70 package. The conversion process and data acquisition are controlled using CS and the serial clock, allowing the devices to interface with microprocessors or DSPs. The input signal is sampled on the falling edge of CS, and the conversion is also initiated at this point. There are no pipeline delays associated with the parts. The AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A use advanced design techniques to achieve low power dissipation at high throughput rates. The reference for the part is taken internally from VDD, which allows the widest dynamic input range to the ADC. Thus, the analog input range for the part is 0 to VDD. The conversion rate is determined by the SCLK. 2. High throughput with low power consumption. 3. Flexible power/serial clock speed management. The conversion rate is determined by the serial clock, allowing the conversion time to be reduced through the serial clock speed increase. This allows the average power consumption to be reduced when a power-down mode is used while not converting. The parts also feature a power-down mode to maximize power efficiency at lower throughput rates. Current consumption is 1 µA max and 50 nA typically when in power-down mode. 4. Reference derived from the power supply. 5. No pipeline delay. The parts feature a standard successiveapproximation ADC with accurate control of the sampling instant via a CS input and once-off conversion control. *Protected by U.S.Patent No. 6,681,332. REV. C Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © 2004 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A V, f = 20 MHz, f unless otherwise noted.) AD7476A–SPECIFICATIONS1 (VT = =T 2.35to VT to,5.25 DD A Parameter A Grade2 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Signal-to-Noise + Distortion (SINAD)3 70 69 71.5 69 68 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)3 71 70 70 69 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)3 –80 Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)3 –82 Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)3 Second-Order Terms –84 Third-Order Terms –84 Aperture Delay 10 Aperture Jitter 30 Full Power Bandwidth 13.5 2 DC ACCURACY Resolution Integral Nonlinearity3 12 Total Unadjusted Error (TUE)3, 5 ANALOG INPUT Input Voltage Range DC Leakage Current Input Capacitance LOGIC INPUTS Input High Voltage, VINH Input Low Voltage, VINL Input Current, IIN, SCLK Pin Input Current, IIN, CS Pin Input Capacitance, CIN6 B Grade2 Y Grade2 Unit 70 69 71.5 69 68 71 70 70 69 –80 –82 70 69 71.5 69 68 71 70 70 69 –80 –82 dB min dB min dB typ dB min dB min dB min dB min dB min dB min dB typ dB typ –84 –84 10 30 13.5 2 –84 –84 10 30 13.5 2 dB typ dB typ ns typ ps typ MHz typ MHz typ 12 ± 1.5 12 ± 1.5 –0.9/+1.5 –0.9/+1.5 ± 1.5 ± 0.2 ± 1.5 ± 0.5 ±2 ± 1.5 ± 0.2 ± 1.5 ± 0.5 ±2 Bits LSB max LSB typ LSB max LSB typ LSB max LSB typ LSB max LSB typ LSB max 0 to VDD ± 0.5 20 0 to VDD ± 0.5 20 0 to VDD ± 0.5 20 V µA max pF typ 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.4 ± 0.5 ± 10 5 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.4 ± 0.5 ± 10 5 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.4 ± 0.5 ± 10 5 V min V min V max V max µA max nA typ pF max ± 0.75 Gain Error3, 5 SAMPLE = 1 MSPS, unless otherwise noted; MAX Test Conditions/Comments fIN = 100 kHz Sine Wave VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, TA = 25ⴗC VDD = 2.4 V to 3.6 V VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, TA = 25ⴗC VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, TA = 25ⴗC VDD = 2.4 V to 3.6 V VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, TA = 25ⴗC VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V fa = 100.73 kHz, fb = 90.72 kHz fa = 100.73 kHz, fb = 90.72 kHz @ 3 dB @ 0.1 dB B and Y Grades4 Differential Nonlinearity Offset Error3, 5 SCLK MIN ± 0.75 ± 1.5 ± 1.5 Guaranteed No Missed Codes to 12 Bits Track-and-Hold in Track; 6 pF typ when in Hold VDD = 2.35 V VDD = 5 V VDD = 3 V Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or VDD LOGIC OUTPUTS Output High Voltage, VOH Output Low Voltage, VOL Floating-State Leakage Current Floating-State Output Capacitance6 Output Coding VDD – 0.2 VDD – 0.2 VDD – 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 ±1 ±1 ±1 5 5 5 Straight (Natural) Binary V min V max µA max pF max CONVERSION RATE Conversion Time Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time3 Throughput Rate 800 250 1 ns max 16 SCLK Cycles ns max MSPS max See Serial Interface Section 800 250 1 800 250 1 –2– ISOURCE = 200 µA; VDD = 2.35 V to 5.25 V ISINK = 200 µA REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A Parameter POWER REQUIREMENTS VDD IDD Normal Mode (Static) A Grade2 B Grade2 Y Grade2 Unit 2.35/5.25 2.35/5.25 2.35/5.25 V min/max 2.5 1.2 3.5 1.7 1 0.6 0.3 2.5 1.2 3.5 1.7 1 0.6 0.3 mA typ mA typ mA max mA max µA max mA typ mA typ Digital I/Ps = 0 V or VDD VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, SCLK ON or OFF VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, SCLK ON or OFF VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS Typically 50 nA VDD = 5 V, fSAMPLE = 100 kSPS VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 100 kSPS 17.5 5.1 5 3 17.5 5.1 5 3 mW max mW max µW max µW max VDD = 5 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS VDD = 5 V VDD = 3 V 2.5 1.2 Normal Mode (Operational) 3.5 1.7 Full Power-Down Mode (Static) 1 Full Power-Down Mode (Dynamic) 0.6 0.3 Power Dissipation7 Normal Mode (Operational) 17.5 5.1 Full Power-Down Mode 5 3 Test Conditions/Comments NOTES 1 Temperature ranges as follows: A, B Grades: –40°C to +85°C, Y Grade: –40°C to +125°C. 2 Operational from V DD = 2.0 V, with input low voltage (V INL) 0.35 V max. 3 See Terminology section. 4 B and Y Grades, maximum specifications apply as typical figures when V DD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V. 5 SC70 values guaranteed by characterization. 6 Guaranteed by characterization. 7 See Power vs. Throughput Rate section. Specifications subject to change without notice. V, f = 20 MHz, f unless otherwise noted.) AD7477A–SPECIFICATIONS1 (VT = =T 2.35to VT to,5.25 DD A SCLK MIN A Grade2 Unit 61 –72 –73 dB min dB max dB max –82 –82 10 30 13.5 2 dB typ dB typ ns typ ps typ MHz typ MHz typ DC ACCURACY Resolution Integral Nonlinearity Differential Nonlinearity Offset Error3, 4 Gain Error3, 4 Total Unadjusted Error (TUE)3, 4 10 ± 0.5 ± 0.5 ±1 ±1 ± 1.2 Bits LSB max LSB max LSB max LSB max LSB max ANALOG INPUT Input Voltage Range DC Leakage Current Input Capacitance 0 to VDD ± 0.5 20 V µA max pF typ Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Signal-to-Noise + Distortion (SINAD)3 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)3 Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)3 Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)3 Second-Order Terms Third-Order Terms Aperture Delay Aperture Jitter Full Power Bandwidth REV. C SAMPLE = 1 MSPS, unless otherwise noted; MAX Test Conditions/Comments fIN = 100 kHz Sine Wave –3– fa = 100.73 kHz, fb = 90.7 kHz fa = 100.73 kHz, fb = 90.7 kHz @ 3 dB @ 0.1 dB Guaranteed No Missed Codes to 10 Bits Track-and-Hold in Track; 6 pF typ when in Hold AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A Parameter LOGIC INPUTS Input High Voltage, VINH Input Low Voltage, VINL Input Current, IIN, SCLK Pin Input Current, IIN, CS Pin Input Capacitance, CIN5 A Grade2 Unit 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.4 ± 0.5 ± 10 5 V min V min V max V max µA max nA typ pF max Test Conditions/Comments VDD = 2.35 V VDD = 5 V VDD = 3 V Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or VDD LOGIC OUTPUTS Output High Voltage, VOH Output Low Voltage, VOL Floating-State Leakage Current Floating-State Output Capacitance5 Output Coding VDD – 0.2 V min 0.4 V max ±1 µA max 5 pF max Straight (Natural) Binary ISOURCE = 200 µA, VDD = 2.35 V to 5.25 V ISINK = 200 µA CONVERSION RATE Conversion Time Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time3 Throughput Rate 700 250 1 ns max ns max MSPS max 14 SCLK Cycles with SCLK at 20 MHz 2.35/5.25 V min/max 2.5 1.2 3.5 1.7 1 0.6 0.3 mA typ mA typ mA max mA max µA max mA typ mA typ Digital I/Ps = 0 V or VDD VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, SCLK ON or OFF VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, SCLK ON or OFF VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS Typically 50 nA VDD = 5 V, fSAMPLE = 100 kSPS VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 100 kSPS 17.5 5.1 5 mW max mW max µW max VDD = 5 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS VDD = 5 V POWER REQUIREMENTS VDD IDD Normal Mode (Static) Normal Mode (Operational) Full Power-Down Mode (Static) Full Power-Down Mode (Dynamic) Power Dissipation6 Normal Mode (Operational) Full Power-Down Mode NOTES 1 Temperature range from –40°C to +85°C. 2 Operational from V DD = 2.0 V, with input high voltage (V INH) 1.8 V min. 3 See Terminology section. 4 SC70 values guaranteed by characterization. 5 Guaranteed by characterization. 6 See Power vs. Throughput Rate section. Specifications subject to change without notice. AD7478A–SPECIFICATIONS1 T = T (VDD = 2.35 V to 5.25 V, fSCLK = 20 MHz, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS, unless otherwise noted; A MIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Signal-to-Noise + Distortion (SINAD)3 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)3 Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)3 Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)3 Second-Order Terms Third-Order Terms Aperture Delay Aperture Jitter Full Power Bandwidth A Grade2 Unit 49 –65 –65 dB min dB max dB max –76 –76 10 30 13.5 2 dB typ dB typ ns typ ps typ MHz typ MHz typ Test Conditions/Comments fIN = 100 kHz Sine Wave –4– fa = 100.73 kHz, fb = 90.7 kHz fa = 100.73 kHz, fb = 90.7 kHz @ 3 dB @ 0.1 dB REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A Parameter A Grade2 Unit DC ACCURACY Resolution Integral Nonlinearity3 Differential Nonlinearity3 Offset Error3, 4 Gain Error3, 4 Total Unadjusted Error (TUE)3, 4 8 ± 0.3 ± 0.3 ± 0.3 ± 0.3 ± 0.5 Bits LSB max LSB max LSB max LSB max LSB max ANALOG INPUT Input Voltage Range DC Leakage Current Input Capacitance 0 to VDD ± 0.5 20 V µA max pF typ 2.4 1.8 0.8 0.4 ± 0.5 ± 10 5 V min V min V max V max µA max nA typ pF max LOGIC INPUTS Input High Voltage, VINH Input Low Voltage, VINL Input Current, IIN, SCLK Pin Input Current, IIN, CS Pin Input Capacitance, CIN5 Test Conditions/Comments Guaranteed No Missed Codes to Eight Bits Track-and-Hold in Track; 6 pF typ when in Hold VDD = 2.35 V VDD = 5 V VDD = 3 V Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or VDD LOGIC OUTPUTS Output High Voltage, VOH Output Low Voltage, VOL Floating-State Leakage Current Floating-State Output Capacitance5 Output Coding VDD – 0.2 V min 0.4 V max ±1 µA max 5 pF max Straight (Natural) Binary ISOURCE = 200 µA, VDD = 2.35 V to 5.25 V ISINK = 200 µA CONVERSION RATE Conversion Time Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time3 Throughput Rate 600 225 1.2 ns max ns max MSPS max 12 SCLK Cycles with SCLK at 20 MHz 2.35/5.25 V min/max 2.5 1.2 3.5 1.7 1 0.6 0.3 mA typ mA typ mA max mA max µA max mA typ mA typ Digital I/Ps = 0 V or VDD VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, SCLK ON or OFF VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, SCLK ON or OFF VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V Typically 50 nA VDD = 5 V, fSAMPLE = 100 kSPS VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 100 kSPS 17.5 5.1 5 mW max mW max µW max VDD = 5 V VDD = 3 V VDD = 5 V POWER REQUIREMENTS VDD IDD Normal Mode (Static) Normal Mode (Operational) Full Power-Down Mode (Static) Full Power-Down Mode (Dynamic) Power Dissipation6 Normal Mode (Operational) Full Power-Down Mode NOTES 1 Temperature range from –40°C to +85°C. 2 Operational from V DD = 2.0 V, with input high voltage (V INH) 1.8 V min. 3 See Terminology section. 4 SC70 values guaranteed by characterization. 5 Guaranteed by characterization. 6 See Power vs. Throughput Rate section. Specifications subject to change without notice. REV. C –5– AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A TIMING SPECIFICATIONS1 (V DD = Parameter fSCLK 2 tCONVERT tQUIET t1 t2 t3 4 t4 4 t5 t6 t7 5 t8 6 tPOWER-UP8 Limit at TMIN, TMAX AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A 2.35 V to 5.25 V; TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) Unit Description 3 10 20 20 16 ⫻ tSCLK 14 ⫻ tSCLK 12 ⫻ tSCLK 50 kHz min kHz min3 MHz max 10 10 22 40 0.4 tSCLK 0.4 tSCLK ns min ns min ns max ns max ns min ns min 10 9.5 7 36 See Note 7 1 ns min ns min ns min ns max ns min µs max A, B Grades Y Grade AD7476A AD7477A AD7478A Minimum Quiet Time Required between Bus Relinquish and Start of Next Conversion Minimum CS Pulse Width CS to SCLK Setup Time Delay from CS until SDATA Three-State Disabled Data Access Time after SCLK Falling Edge SCLK Low Pulse Width SCLK High Pulse Width SCLK to Data Valid Hold Time VDD ≤ 3.3 V 3.3 V < VDD ≤ 3.6 V VDD > 3.6 V SCLK Falling Edge to SDATA High Impedance SCLK Falling Edge to SDATA High Impedance Power-Up Time from Full Power-Down ns min NOTES 1 Guaranteed by characterization. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90% of V DD) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V. 2 Mark/space ratio for the SCLK input is 40/60 to 60/40. 3 Minimum fSCLK at which specifications are guaranteed. 4 Measured with the load circuit of Figure 1 and defined as the time required for the output to cross 0.8 V or 1.8 V when V DD = 2.35 V and 0.8 V or 2.0 V for VDD > 2.35 V. 5 Measured with 50 pF load capacitor. 6 t8 is derived from the measured time taken by the data outputs to change 0.5 V when loaded with the circuit of Figure 1. The measured number is then extrapolated back to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50 pF capacitor. This means that the time, t8, quoted in the timing characteristics is the true bus relinquish time of the part and is independent of the bus loading. 7 t7 values also apply to t 8 minimum values. 8 See Power-Up Time section. Specifications subject to change without notice. 200A TO OUTPUT PIN IOL 1.6V CL 50pF 200A IOH Figure 1. Load Circuit for Digital Output Timing Specifications –6– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A Timing Example 1 Timing Example 2 Having fSCLK = 20 MHz and a throughput of 1 MSPS gives a cycle time of t2 + 12.5 (1/fSCLK) + tACQ = 1 µs. With t2 = 10 ns min, this leaves tACQ to be 365 ns. This 365 ns satisfies the requirement of 250 ns for tACQ. From Figure 3, tACQ is comprised of 2.5 (1/fSCLK) + t8 + tQUIET, where t8 = 36 ns max. This allows a value of 204 ns for tQUIET, satisfying the minimum requirement of 50 ns. Having fSCLK = 5 MHz and a throughput of 315 kSPS gives a cycle time of t2 + 12.5 (1/fSCLK) + tACQ = 3.174 µs. With t2 = 10 ns min, this leaves tACQ to be 664 ns. This 664 ns satisfies the requirement of 250 ns for tACQ. From Figure 3, tACQ is comprised of 2.5 (1/fSCLK) + t8 + tQUIET, t8 = 36 ns max. This allows a value of 128 ns for tQUIET, satisfying the minimum requirement of 50 ns. As in this example and with other slower clock values, the signal may already be acquired before the conversion is complete, but it is still necessary to leave 50 ns minimum tQUIET between conversions. In Example 2, the signal should be fully acquired at approximately Point C in Figure 3. t1 CS t6 t2 1 SCLK 2 3 t3 SDATA THREESTATE B 5 t4 ZERO Z 4 tCONVERT ZERO 13 14 t7 ZERO DB11 15 16 t5 DB10 DB2 t8 DB1 DB0 tQUIET THREE-STATE 4 LEADING ZEROS Figure 2. AD7476A Serial Interface Timing Diagram CS tCONVERT t2 SCLK B 1 2 3 4 5 13 C 14 15 16 t8 tACQ 12.5(1/fSCLK) 1/THROUGHPUT Figure 3. Serial Interface Timing Example REV. C –7– tQUIET AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 1 SC70 Package JA Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.2°C/W JC Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228.9°C/W Lead Temperature, Soldering Reflow (10 sec to 30 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 (0/+5)°C Pb-free Temperature Soldering Reflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 (0/+5)°C ESD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 kV (TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) VDD to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V Analog Input Voltage to GND . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Digital Input Voltage to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V Digital Output Voltage to GND . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Input Current to Any Pin except Supplies2 . . . . . . . . ± 10 mA Operating Temperature Range Commercial (A and B Grades) . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C Industrial (Y Grade) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C MSOP Package JA Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.9°C/W JC Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.74°C/W NOTES 1 Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2 Transient currents of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latch-up. CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment, and can discharge without detection. Although the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A feature proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. –8– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A ORDERING GUIDE Temperature Range Linearity Error (LSB)1 Package Option2 AD7476AAKS-500RL7 AD7476AAKS-REEL AD7476AAKS-REEL7 AD7476ABKS-500RL7 AD7476ABKS-REEL AD7476ABKS-REEL7 AD7476ABKSZ-REEL3 AD7476ABKSZ-REEL73 AD7476ABRM AD7476ABRM-REEL AD7476ABRM-REEL7 AD7476AYKS-500RL7 AD7476AYKS-REEL7 AD7476AYKSZ-500RL73 AD7476AYKSZ-REEL73 AD7476AYRM AD7476AYRM-REEL7 EVAL-AD7476ACB4 –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C ± 0.75 typ ± 0.75 typ ± 0.75 typ ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max ± 1.5 max KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 RM-8 RM-8 Evaluation Board CEZ CEZ CEZ CEY CEY CEY CEY CEY CEY CEY CEY CEW CEW CEW CEW CEW CEW AD7477AAKS-500RL7 AD7477AAKS-REEL AD7477AAKS-REEL7 AD7477AAKSZ-REEL3 AD7477AAKSZ-REEL73 AD7477AARM AD7477AARM-REEL AD7477AARM-REEL7 EVAL-AD7477ACB4 –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C ± 0.5 max ± 0.5 max ± 0.5 max ± 0.5 max ± 0.5 max ± 0.5 max ± 0.5 max ± 0.5 max KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 Evaluation Board CFZ CFZ CFZ CFZ CFZ CFZ CFZ CFZ AD7478AAKS-500RL7 AD7478AAKS-REEL AD7478AAKS-REEL7 AD7478AAKSZ-500RL73 AD7478AAKSZ-REEL3 AD7478AAKSZ-REEL73 AD7478AARM AD7478AARM-REEL AD7478AARM-REEL7 EVAL-CONTROL BRD25 –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C –40°C to +85°C ± 0.3 max ± 0.3 max ± 0.3 max ± 0.3 max ± 0.3 max ± 0.3 max ± 0.3 max ± 0.3 max ± 0.3 max KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 KS-6 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 Evaluation Control Board CJZ CJZ CJZ CJZ CJZ CJZ CJZ CJZ CJZ Model Branding NOTES 1 Linearity error here refers to integral nonlinearity. 2 KS = SC70; RM = MSOP. 3 Z = Pb-free part. 4 This can be used as a standalone evaluation board or in conjunction with the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD for evaluation/demonstration purposes. 5 This board is a complete unit, allowing a PC to control and communicate with all Analog Devices evaluation boards ending in the CB designator. To order a complete evaluation kit, you will need to order the particular ADC evaluation board, e.g., EVAL-AD7476ACB, the EVAL-CONTROLBRD2, and a 12 V ac transformer. See relevant evaluation board application note for more information. REV. C –9– AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A PIN CONFIGURATIONS 6-Lead SC70 VDD 1 GND 2 VIN 3 AD7476A/ AD7477A/ AD7478A 8-Lead MSOP 6 CS 5 SDATA VDD 1 SDATA 2 AD7476A/ AD7477A/ AD7478A 8 VIN 7 GND 6 SCLK CS 3 TOP VIEW NC 4 (Not to Scale) 5 NC 4 SCLK TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) NC = NO CONNECT PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Mnemonic Function CS Chip Select. Active low logic input. This input provides the dual function of initiating conversions on the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A and also frames the serial data transfer. VDD Power Supply Input. The VDD range for the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is from 2.35 V to 5.25 V. GND Analog Ground. Ground reference point for all circuitry on the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A. All analog input signals should be referred to this GND voltage. VIN Analog Input. Single-ended analog input channel. The input range is 0 V to VDD. SDATA Data Out. Logic output. The conversion result from the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is provided on this output as a serial data stream. The bits are clocked out on the falling edge of the SCLK input. The data stream from the AD7476A consists of four leading zeros followed by the 12 bits of conversion data, which are provided MSB first. The data stream from the AD7477A consists of four leading zeros followed by the 10 bits of conversion data followed by two trailing zeros, provided MSB first. The data stream from the AD7478A consists of four leading zeros followed by the 8 bits of conversion data followed by four trailing zeros, which are provided MSB first. SCLK Serial Clock. Logic input. SCLK provides the serial clock for accessing data from the part. This clock input is also used as the clock source for the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A’s conversion process. NC No Connect. –10– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A TERMINOLOGY Integral Nonlinearity Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) This is the maximum deviation from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the ADC transfer function. For the AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A, the endpoints of the transfer function are zero scale, a point 1 LSB below the first code transition, and full scale, a point 1 LSB above the last code transition. Total harmonic distortion is the ratio of the rms sum of harmonics to the fundamental. It is defined as THD (dB) = 20 log 2 2 2 2 V2 + V3 + V4 + V5 + V6 2 V1 This is the difference between the measured and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes in the ADC. where V1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental, and V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 are the rms amplitudes of the second through the sixth harmonics. Offset Error Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR) Differential Nonlinearity This is the deviation of the last code transition (111 . . . 110) to (111 . . . 111) from the ideal, i.e., VREF – 1 LSB after the offset error has been adjusted out. Peak harmonic or spurious noise is defined as the ratio of the rms value of the next largest component in the ADC output spectrum (up to fS/2 and excluding dc) to the rms value of the fundamental. Normally, the value of this specification is determined by the largest harmonic in the spectrum. But for ADCs where the harmonics are buried in the noise floor, it will be a noise peak. Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) This is the deviation of the first code transition (00 . . . 000) to (00 . . . 001) from the ideal, i.e., AGND + 1 LSB. Gain Error The track-and-hold amplifier returns to track mode at the end of conversion. The track-and-hold acquisition time is the time required for the output of the track-and-hold amplifier to reach its final value, within ± 0.5 LSB, after the end of conversion. See the Serial Interface section for more details. Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) Ratio (SINAD) This is the measured ratio of signal-to-(noise + distortion) at the output of the A/D converter. The signal is the rms amplitude of the fundamental. Noise is the sum of all nonfundamental signals up to half the sampling frequency (fS/2), excluding dc. The ratio is dependent on the number of quantization levels in the digitization process; the more levels, the smaller the quantization noise. The theoretical signal-to-(noise + distortion) ratio for an ideal N-bit converter with a sine wave input is given by Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) = (6.02 N + 1.76) dB Thus, it is 74 dB for a 12-bit converter, 62 dB for a 10-bit converter, and 50 dB for an 8-bit converter. With inputs consisting of sine waves at two frequencies, fa and fb, any active device with nonlinearities will create distortion products at sum and difference frequencies of mfa ± nfb, where m and n = 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on. Intermodulation distortion terms are those for which neither m nor n are equal to zero. For example, the second-order terms include (fa + fb) and (fa – fb), while the third-order terms include (2fa + fb), (2fa – fb), (fa + 2fb), and (fa – 2fb). The AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A are tested using the CCIF standard where two input frequencies are used (see fa and fb on the specification pages). In this case, the second-order terms are usually distanced in frequency from the original sine waves, while the third-order terms are usually at a frequency close to the input frequencies. As a result, the second- and third-order terms are specified separately. The calculation of the intermodulation distortion is per the THD specification, where it is the ratio of the rms sum of the individual distortion products to the rms amplitude of the sum of the fundamentals expressed in dBs. Total Unadjusted Error (TUE) This is a comprehensive specification that includes the gain, linearity, and offset errors. REV. C –11– AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A –Typical Performance Characteristics TPC 1, TPC 2, and TPC 3 each show a typical FFT plot for the AD7476A, AD7477A, and AD7478A, respectively, at a 1 MSPS sample rate and 100 kHz input frequency. TPC 4 shows the signal-to-(noise + distortion) ratio performance versus the input frequency for various supply voltages while sampling at 1 MSPS with an SCLK frequency of 20 MHz for the AD7476A. TPC 5 and TPC 6 show INL and DNL performance for the AD7476A. TPC 7 shows a graph of the total harmonic distortion versus the analog input frequency for different source impedances when using a supply voltage of 3.6 V and sampling at a rate of 1 MSPS (see Analog Input section). TPC 8 shows a graph of the total harmonic distortion versus the analog input signal frequency for various supply voltages while sampling at 1 MSPS with an SCLK frequency of 20 MHz. 5 5 8192 POINT FFT VDD = 2.7V fSAMPLE = 1MSPS fIN = 100kHz SINAD = 72.05dB THD = –82.87dB SFDR = –87.24dB –15 –15 –25 SNR – dB SNR – dB –35 8192 POINT FFT VDD = 2.35V fSAMPLE = 1MSPS fIN = 100kHz SINAD = 49.77dB THD = –75.51dB SFDR = –70.71dB –5 –55 –75 –35 –45 –55 –65 –75 –95 –85 –115 –95 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 FREQUENCY – kHz 400 450 0 500 TPC 1. AD7476A Dynamic Performance at 1 MSPS 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 FREQUENCY – kHz 400 450 500 TPC 3. AD7478A Dynamic Performance at 1 MSPS –66 8192 POINT FFT VDD = 2.35V fSAMPLE = 1MSPS fIN = 100kHz SINAD = 61.67dB THD = –79.59dB SFDR = –82.93dB SNR – dB –25 –67 –68 SINAD – dB –5 –45 –65 VDD = 2.7V –69 VDD = 2.35V –70 VDD = 5.25V –71 –72 VDD = 4.75V –85 –73 –105 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 FREQUENCY – kHz 400 450 VDD = 3.6V –74 500 10 TPC 2. AD7477A Dynamic Performance at 1 MSPS 100 FREQUENCY – kHz 1000 TPC 4. AD7476A SINAD vs. Input Frequency at 1 MSPS –12– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A 0 1.0 0.6 –10 –20 0.4 –30 0.2 THD – dB INL ERROR – LSB VDD = 3.6V VDD = 2.35V TEMP = 25ⴗC fSAMPLE = 1MSPS 0.8 0 –0.2 –40 RIN = 1k⍀ –50 –60 –0.4 –0.6 –70 –0.8 –80 RIN = 130⍀ RIN = 13⍀ RIN = 0⍀ –90 –1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 CODE 2560 3072 3584 10 4096 TPC 5. AD7476A INL Performance 100 INPUT FREQUENCY – kHz 1000 TPC 7. THD vs. Analog Input Frequency for Various Source Impedances –60 1.0 VDD = 2.35V TEMP = 25ⴗC fSAMPLE = 1MSPS 0.8 0.6 –65 VDD = 2.35V 0.4 –70 0.2 THD – dB DNL ERROR – LSB RIN = 10k⍀ 0 VDD = 2.7V –75 VDD = 4.75V –0.2 –80 –0.4 –0.6 –85 VDD = 5.25V VDD = 3.6V –0.8 –90 –1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 CODE 2560 3072 3584 10 4096 1000 TPC 8. THD vs. Analog Input Frequency for Various Supply Voltages TPC 6. AD7476A DNL Performance REV. C 100 INPUT FREQUENCY – kHz –13– AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A CIRCUIT INFORMATION The AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A are fast, micropower, 12-/10-/8-bit, single-supply A/D converters, respectively. The parts can be operated from a 2.35 V to 5.25 V supply. When operated from either a 5 V supply or a 3 V supply, the AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A are capable of throughput rates of 1 MSPS when provided with a 20 MHz clock. The AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A provide the user with an on-chip, track-and-hold A/D converter and a serial interface housed in a tiny 6-lead SC70 or 8-lead MSOP package, which offer the user considerable space-saving advantages over alternative solutions. The serial clock input accesses data from the part but also provides the clock source for the successive-approximation A/D converter. The analog input range is 0 V to VDD. The ADC does not require an external reference or an on-chip reference. The reference for the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is derived from the power supply and thus gives the widest dynamic input range. The AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A also feature a power-down option to allow power saving between conversions. The powerdown feature is implemented across the standard serial interface, as described in the Modes of Operation section. CONVERTER OPERATION The AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is a successive-approximation, analog-to-digital converter based around a charge redistribution DAC. Figures 4 and 5 show simplified schematics of the ADC. Figure 4 shows the ADC during its acquisition phase. SW2 is closed and SW1 is in Position A, the comparator is held in a balanced condition, and the sampling capacitor acquires the signal on VIN. When the ADC starts a conversion, see Figure 5, SW2 will open and SW1 will move to Position B, causing the comparator to become unbalanced. The control logic and the charge redistribution DAC are used to add and subtract fixed amounts of charge from the sampling capacitor to bring the comparator back into a balanced condition. When the comparator is rebalanced, the conversion is complete. The control logic generates the ADC output code. Figure 6 shows the ADC transfer function. CHARGE REDISTRIBUTION DAC VIN SAMPLING CAPACITOR A SW1 B CONVERSION PHASE CONTROL LOGIC SW2 COMPARATOR AGND VDD/2 Figure 5. ADC Conversion Phase ADC TRANSFER FUNCTION The output coding of the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is straight binary. The designed code transitions occur at the successive integer LSB values, i.e., 1 LSB, 2 LSB, and so on. The LSB size is VDD/4096 for the AD7476A, VDD/1024 for the AD7477A, and VDD/256 for the AD7478A. The ideal transfer characteristic for the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is shown in Figure 6. 111...111 111...110 VIN ADC CODE CHARGE REDISTRIBUTION DAC SAMPLING CAPACITOR A SW1 B ACQUISITION PHASE CONTROL LOGIC 1LSB = V DD/4096 (AD7476A) 1LSB = V DD/1024 (AD7477A) 1LSB = V DD/256 (AD7478A) 011...111 000...010 000...001 000...000 SW2 COMPARATOR AGND 111...000 0V 1LSB VDD/2 ANALOG INPUT +VDD – 1LSB Figure 6. AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A Transfer Characteristic Figure 4. ADC Acquisition Phase –14– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM Figure 7 shows a typical connection diagram for the AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A. VREF is taken internally from VDD and, as such, VDD should be well decoupled. This provides an analog input range of 0 V to VDD. The conversion result is output in a 16-bit word with four leading zeros followed by the MSB of the 12-bit, 10-bit, or 8-bit result. The 10-bit result from the AD7477A will be followed by two trailing zeros, and the 8-bit result from the AD7478A will be followed by four trailing zeros. Alternatively, because the supply current required by the AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A is so low, a precision reference can be used as the supply source to the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A. A REF19x voltage reference (REF195 for 5 V or REF193 for 3 V) can be used to supply the required voltage to the ADC (see Figure 7). This configuration is especially useful if the power supply is quite noisy or if the system supply voltages are at some value other than 5 V or 3 V (e.g., 15 V). The REF19x will output a steady voltage to the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A. If the low dropout REF193 is used, the current it needs to supply to the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is typically 1.2 mA. When the ADC is converting at a rate of 1 MSPS, the REF193 will need to supply a maximum of 1.7 mA to the AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A. The load regulation of the REF193 is typically 10 ppm/mA (VS = 5 V), which results in an error of 17 ppm (51 µV) for the 1.7 mA drawn from it. This corresponds to a 0.069 LSB error for the AD7476A with VDD = 3 V from the REF193, a 0.017 LSB error for the AD7477A, and a 0.0043 LSB error for the AD7478A. For applications where power consumption is of concern, the power-down mode of the ADC and the sleep mode of the REF19x reference should be used to improve power performance. See the Modes of Operation section. 3V 1.2mA 0.1F REF193 1F TANT 10F 0.1F 5V SUPPLY 680nF VDD 0V TO V DD INPUT VIN GND AD7476A/ AD7477A/ AD7478A Table I provides some typical performance data with various references used as a VDD source for a 100 kHz input tone at room temperature under the same setup conditions. Table I. AD7476A Typical Performance for Various Voltage References IC Reference Tied to VDD AD7476A SNR Performance (dB) AD780 @ 3 V REF193 AD780 @ 2.5 V REF192 REF43 72.65 72.35 72.5 72.2 72.6 Analog Input Figure 8 shows an equivalent circuit of the analog input structure of the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A. The two diodes, D1 and D2, provide ESD protection for the analog input. Care must be taken to ensure that the analog input signal never exceeds the supply rails by more than 300 mV. This will cause these diodes to become forward-biased and start conducting current into the substrate. The maximum current these diodes can conduct without causing irreversible damage to the part is 10 mA. The capacitor C1 in Figure 8 is typically about 6 pF and can primarily be attributed to pin capacitance. The resistor R1 is a lumped component made up of the on resistance of a switch. This resistor is typically about 100 Ω. The capacitor C2 is the ADC sampling capacitor and has a capacitance of 20 pF typically. For ac applications, removing high frequency components from the analog input signal is recommended by use of a band-pass filter on the relevant analog input pin. In applications where harmonic distortion and signal-to-noise ratio are critical, the analog input should be driven from a low impedance source. Large source impedances will significantly affect the ac performance of the ADC. This may necessitate the use of an input buffer amplifier. The choice of the op amp will be a function of the particular application. SCLK VDD C/P SDATA D1 CS R1 VIN SERIAL INTERFACE C1 6pF Figure 7. REF193 as Power Supply to AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A C2 20pF D2 CONVERSION PHASE – SWITCH OPEN TRACK PHASE – SWITCH CLOSED Figure 8. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit REV. C –15– AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A For the AD7476A, 16 serial clock cycles are required to complete the conversion and access the complete conversion results. For the AD7477A and AD7478A, a minimum of 14 and 12 serial clock cycles are required to complete the conversion and access the complete conversion results, respectively. Table II provides some typical performance data with various op amps used as the input buffer for a 100 kHz input tone at room temperature under the same setup conditions. Table II. AD7476A Typical Performance with Various Input Buffers, VDD = 3 V Op Amp in the Input Buffer AD7476A SNR Performance (dB) CS may idle high until the next conversion or may idle low until CS returns high sometime prior to the next conversion (effectively idling CS low). AD711 AD797 AD845 72.3 72.5 71.4 Once a data transfer is complete (SDATA has returned to three-state), another conversion can be initiated after the quiet time, tQUIET, has elapsed by bringing CS low again. Power-Down Mode When no amplifier is used to drive the analog input, the source impedance should be limited to low values. The maximum source impedance will depend on the amount of total harmonic distortion (THD) that can be tolerated. The THD will increase as the source impedance increases and the performance will degrade. See TPC 7. This mode is intended for use in applications where slower throughput rates are required; either the ADC is powered down between each conversion, or a series of conversions is performed at a high throughput rate and the ADC is then powered down for a relatively long duration between these bursts of several conversions. When the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is in power-down, all analog circuitry is powered down. Digital Inputs The digital inputs applied to the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A are not limited by the maximum ratings that limit the analog input. Instead, the digital inputs applied can go to 7 V and are not restricted by the VDD + 0.3 V limit as on the analog input. For example, if the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A were operated with a VDD of 3 V, then 5 V logic levels could be used on the digital inputs. However, it is important to note that the data output on SDATA will still have 3 V logic levels when VDD = 3 V. Another advantage of SCLK and CS not being restricted by the VDD + 0.3 V limit is the fact that power supply sequencing issues are avoided. If CS or SCLK is applied before VDD, there is no risk of latch-up as there would be on the analog input if a signal greater than 0.3 V was applied prior to VDD. MODES OF OPERATION The mode of operation of the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is selected by controlling the (logic) state of the CS signal during a conversion. There are two possible modes of operation: normal and power-down. The point at which CS is pulled high after the conversion has been initiated will determine whether the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A will enter power-down mode or not. Similarly, if already in power-down, CS can control whether the device will return to normal operation or remain in power-down. These modes of operation are designed to provide flexible power management options. These options can be chosen to optimize the power dissipation/throughput rate ratio for different application requirements. Normal Mode This mode is intended for the fastest throughput rate performance; the user does not have to worry about any power-up times with the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A remaining fully powered all the time. Figure 9 shows the general diagram of the operation of the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A in this mode. The conversion is initiated on the falling edge of CS as described in the Serial Interface section. To ensure that the part remains fully powered up at all times, CS must remain low until at least 10 SCLK falling edges have elapsed after the falling edge of CS. If CS is brought high any time after the 10th SCLK falling edge but before the end of the tCONVERT, the part will remain powered up, but the conversion will be terminated and SDATA will go back into three-state. To enter power-down, the conversion process must be interrupted by bringing CS high anywhere after the second falling edge of SCLK and before the 10th falling edge of SCLK, as shown in Figure 10. Once CS has been brought high in this window of SCLKs, the part will enter power-down, the conversion that was initiated by the falling edge of CS will be terminated, and SDATA will go back into three-state. If CS is brought high before the second SCLK falling edge, the part will remain in normal mode and will not power down. This will avoid accidental power-down due to glitches on the CS line. In order to exit this mode of operation and power up the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A again, a dummy conversion is performed. On the falling edge of CS, the device will begin to power up and will continue to power up as long as CS is held low until after the falling edge of the 10th SCLK. The device will be fully powered up once 16 SCLKs have elapsed, and valid data will result from the next conversion as shown in Figure 11. If CS is brought high before the 10th falling edge of SCLK, then the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A will go back into power-down. This avoids accidental power-up due to glitches on the CS line or an inadvertent burst of eight SCLK cycles while CS is low. So although the device may begin to power up on the falling edge of CS, it will power down again on the rising edge of CS as long as it occurs before the 10th SCLK falling edge. Power-Up Time The power-up time of the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is 1 µs, which means that with any frequency of SCLK up to 20 MHz, one dummy cycle will always be sufficient to allow the device to power up. Once the dummy cycle is complete, the ADC will be fully powered up and the input signal will be acquired properly. The quiet time, tQUIET, must still be allowed from the point where the bus goes back into three-state after the dummy conversion to the next falling edge of CS. When running at a 1 MSPS throughput rate, the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A will power up and acquire a signal within ± 0.5 LSB in one dummy cycle, i.e., 1 µs. When powering up from the power-down mode with a dummy cycle, as in Figure 11, the track-and-hold that was in hold mode while the part was powered down returns to track mode after the first SCLK edge the part receives after the falling edge of CS. This is shown as Point A in Figure 11. Although at any –16– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A SCLK frequency one dummy cycle is sufficient to power up the device and acquire VIN, it does not necessarily mean that a full dummy cycle of 16 SCLKs must always elapse to power up the device and acquire VIN fully; 1 µs will be sufficient to power up the device and acquire the input signal. If, for example, a 5 MHz SCLK frequency was applied to the ADC, the cycle time would be 3.2 µs. In one dummy cycle, 3.2 µs, the part would be powered up and VIN acquired fully. However, after 1 µs with a 5 MHz SCLK, only five SCLK cycles would have elapsed. At this stage, the ADC would be fully powered up and the signal acquired. In this case, the CS can be brought high after the 10th SCLK falling edge and brought low again after a time, tQUIET, to initiate the conversion. operation. Instead, the dummy cycle can occur directly after power is supplied to the ADC. If the first valid conversion is performed directly after the dummy conversion, care must be taken to ensure that an adequate acquisition time has been allowed. As mentioned earlier, when powering up from the power-down mode, the part will return to track upon the first SCLK edge applied after the falling edge of CS. However, when the ADC powers up initially after supplies are applied, the track-and-hold will already be in track. This means, assuming one has the facility to monitor the ADC supply current, if the ADC powers up in the desired mode of operation and thus a dummy cycle is not required to change the mode, a dummy cycle is not required to place the track-and-hold into track. When power supplies are first applied to the AD7476A/AD7477A/ AD7478A, the ADC may power up in either the power-down or normal mode. Because of this, it is best to allow a dummy cycle to elapse to ensure that the part is fully powered up before attempting a valid conversion. Likewise, if it is intended to keep the part in the power-down mode while not in use and the user wishes the part to power up in power-down mode, the dummy cycle may be used to ensure that the device is in power-down by executing a cycle such as that shown in Figure 10. Once supplies are applied to the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A, the power-up time is the same as that when powering up from the powerdown mode. It takes approximately 1 µs to power up fully if the part powers up in normal mode. It is not necessary to wait 1 µs before executing a dummy cycle to ensure the desired mode of POWER VS. THROUGHPUT RATE By using the power-down mode on the AD7476A/AD7477A/ AD7478A when not converting, the average power consumption of the ADC decreases at lower throughput rates. Figure 12 shows how as the throughput rate is reduced, the device remains in its power-down state longer and the average power consumption over time drops accordingly. For example, if the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A are operated in a continuous sampling mode with a throughput rate of 100 kSPS and an SCLK of 20 MHz (VDD = 5 V) and the devices are placed in the power-down mode between conversions, the power consumption is calculated as follows. The power dissipation during normal operation is 17.5 mW (VDD = 5 V). If the power-up time is one dummy cycle, i.e., 1 µs, and the remaining conversion AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A CS 1 10 12 14 16 SCLK SDATA VALID DATA Figure 9. Normal Mode Operation CS 1 10 2 12 14 16 SCLK THREE-STATE SDATA Figure 10. Entering Power-Down Mode THE PART IS FULLY POWERED UP WITH VIN FULLY ACQUIRED THE PART BEGINS TO POWER UP CS A1 10 12 14 16 1 16 SCLK SDATA INVALID DATA VALID DATA Figure 11. Exiting Power-Down Mode REV. C –17– AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A time is another cycle, i.e., 1 µs, the AD7476A/AD7477A/ AD7478A can be said to dissipate 17.5 mW for 2 µs during each conversion cycle. If the throughput rate is 100 kSPS, the cycle time is 10 µs and the average power dissipated during each cycle is (2/10) ⫻ (17.5 mW) = 3.5 mW. If VDD = 3 V, SCLK = 20 MHz, and the devices are again in power-down mode between conversions, then the power dissipation during normal operation is 5.1 mW. The AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A can now be said to dissipate 5.1 mW for 2 µs during each conversion cycle. With a throughput rate of 100 kSPS, the average power dissipated during each cycle is (2/10) ⫻ (5.1 mW) = 1.02 mW. Figure 12 shows the power versus the throughput rate when using the power-down mode between conversions with both 5 V and 3 V supplies. The power-down mode is intended for use with throughput rates of approximately 333 kSPS and under, since at higher sampling rates there is no power saving made by using the power-down mode. 100 POWER – mW 1 VDD = 3V, SCLK = 20MHz 0.1 50 100 For the AD7476A, the conversion will require 16 SCLK cycles to complete. Once 13 SCLK falling edges have elapsed, the track-andhold will go back into track on the next SCLK rising edge, as shown in Figure 13 at Point B. On the 16th SCLK falling edge, the SDATA line will go back into three-state. If the rising edge of CS occurs before 16 SCLKs have elapsed, the conversion will be terminated and the SDATA line will go back into three-state; otherwise, SDATA returns to three-state on the 16th SCLK falling edge, as shown in Figure 13. Sixteen serial clock cycles are required to perform the conversion process and to access data from the AD7476A. For the AD7478A, the conversion will require 12 SCLK cycles to complete. The track-and-hold will go back into track on the rising edge after the 11th falling edge, as shown in Figure 15 at Point B. If the rising edge of CS occurs before 12 SCLKs have 0.01 0 The CS signal initiates the data transfer and conversion process. The falling edge of CS puts the track-and-hold into hold mode and takes the bus out of three-state; the analog input is sampled at this point. Also, the conversion is initiated at this point. For the AD7477A, the conversion will require 14 SCLK cycles to complete. Once 13 SCLK falling edges have elapsed, the trackand-hold will go back into track on the next rising edge as shown in Figure 14 at Point B. If the rising edge of CS occurs before 14 SCLKs have elapsed, the conversion will be terminated and the SDATA line will go back into three-state. If 16 SCLKs are considered in the cycle, SDATA will return to three-state on the 16th SCLK falling edge, as shown in Figure 14. VDD = 5V, SCLK = 20MHz 10 SERIAL INTERFACE Figures 13, 14, and 15 show the detailed timing diagrams for serial interfacing to the AD7476A, AD7477A, and AD7478A, respectively. The serial clock provides the conversion clock and also controls the transfer of information from the AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A during conversion. 150 200 250 THROUGHPUT – kSPS 300 350 Figure 12. Power vs. Throughput t1 CS tCONVERT t2 t6 SCLK 1 2 3 4 B 5 13 14 15 16 t5 t3 SDATA THREESTATE Z t4 ZERO ZERO ZERO t8 t7 DB11 tQUIET DB10 DB2 DB1 DB0 THREE-STATE 4 LEADING ZEROS 1/THROUGHPUT Figure 13. AD7476A Serial Interface Timing Diagram t1 CS tCONVERT t2 t6 1 SCLK 3 2 4 B 5 13 15 14 t5 t4 t3 SDATA THREE-STATE Z ZERO ZERO ZERO DB9 t7 DB0 DB8 4 LEADING ZEROS 16 t8 ZERO tQUIET ZERO 2 TRAILING ZEROS THREE-STATE 1/ THROUGHPUT Figure 14. AD7477A Serial Interface Timing Diagram –18– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A elapsed, the conversion will be terminated and the SDATA line will go back into three-state. If 16 SCLKs are considered in the cycle, SDATA will return to three-state on the 16th SCLK falling edge, as shown in Figure 15. throughput of 1.2 MSPS give a cycle time of t2 +10.5 (1/fSCLK) + tACQ = 833 ns. With t2 = 10 ns min, this leaves tACQ to be 298 ns. This 298 ns satisfies the requirement of 225 ns for tACQ. From Figure 16, tACQ is comprised of 0.5 (1/fSCLK) + t8 + tQUIET, where t8 = 36 ns max. This allows a value of 237 ns for tQUIET, satisfying the minimum requirement of 50 ns. CS going low clocks out the first leading zero to be read in by the microcontroller or DSP. The remaining data is then clocked out by subsequent SCLK falling edges beginning with the second leading zero. Thus, the first falling clock edge on the serial clock has the first leading zero provided and also clocks out the second leading zero. For the AD7476A, the final bit in the data transfer is valid on the 16th falling edge, having been clocked out on the previous (15th) falling edge. MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING The serial interface on the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A allows the part to be directly connected to a range of different microprocessors. This section explains how to interface the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A with some of the more common microcontroller and DSP serial interface protocols. In applications with a slower SCLK, it is possible to read in data on each SCLK rising edge. In this case, the first falling edge of SCLK will clock out the second leading zero, which can be read in the first rising edge. However, the first leading zero that was clocked out when CS went low will be missed, unless it was not read in the first falling edge. The 15th falling edge of SCLK will clock out the last bit and it could be read in the 15th rising SCLK edge. AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A to TMS320C541 Interface The serial interface on the TMS320C541 uses a continuous serial clock and frame synchronization signals to synchronize the data transfer operations with peripheral devices, such as the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A. The CS input allows easy interfacing between the TMS320C541 and the AD7476A/AD7477A/ AD7478A without any glue logic required. The serial port of the TMS320C541 is set up to operate in burst mode (FSM = 1 in the serial port control register, SPC) with internal serial clock CLKX (MCM = 1 in the SPC register) and internal frame signal (TXM = 1 in the SPC register), so both pins are configured as outputs. For the AD7476A, the word length should be set to 16 bits (FO = 0 in the SPC register). This DSP only allows frames with a word length of 16 bits or 8 bits. Therefore, in the case of the AD7477A and AD7478A where 14 bits and 12 bits were required, the FO bit would be set up to 16 bits. This means to obtain the conversion result, 16 SCLKs are needed. In both situations, the remaining SCLKs will clock out trailing zeros. For the AD7477A, two trailing zeros will be clocked out in the last two clock cycles; for the AD7478A, four trailing zeros will be clocked out. If CS goes low just after one SCLK falling edge has elapsed, CS will clock out the first leading zero as it did before, and it may be read in the SCLK rising edge. The next SCLK falling edge will clock out the second leading zero, and it may be read in the following rising edge. AD7478A in a 12 SCLK Cycle Serial Interface For the AD7478A, if CS is brought high in the 12th rising edge after the four leading zeros and the eight bits of the conversion have been provided, the part can achieve a 1.2 MSPS throughput rate. For the AD7478A, the track-and-hold goes back into track in the 11th rising edge. In this case, a fSCLK = 20 MHz and a t1 CS tCONVERT t2 SCLK B t6 1 3 2 11 4 13 12 15 14 t5 SDATA THREE-STATE Z ZERO ZERO ZERO DB7 ZERO ZERO tQUIET t8 t7 t4 t3 16 ZERO ZERO THREE-STATE 4 TRAILING ZEROS 4 LEADING ZEROS 1/ THROUGHPUT Figure 15. AD7478A Serial Interface Timing Diagram t1 CS tCONVERT SCLK t2 B 1 3 2 4 5 11 t8 10.5(1/fSCLK) SDATA THREE-STATE Z ZERO ZERO ZERO 4 LEADING ZEROS DB7 12 tQUIET tACQ DB6 DB0 THREE-STATE 1/THROUGHPUT Figure 16. AD7478A in a 12 SCLK Cycle Serial Interface REV. C –19– AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A (ADC control word). The TFS is used to control the RFS and thus the reading of data. The frequency of the serial clock is set in the SCLKDIV register. When the instruction to transmit with TFS is given, i.e., TX0 = AX0, the state of the SCLK is checked. The DSP will wait until the SCLK has gone high, low, and high before transmission will start. If the timer and SCLK values are chosen such that the instruction to transmit occurs on or near the rising edge of SCLK, the data may be transmitted or it may wait until the next clock edge. To summarize, the values in the SPC register are FO = 0 FSM = 1 MCM = 1 TXM = 1 The format bit, FO, may be set to 1 to set the word length to eight bits in order to implement the power-down mode on the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A. The connection diagram is shown in Figure 17. It should be noted that for signal processing applications, it is imperative that the frame synchronization signal from the TMS320C541 provides equidistant sampling. AD7476A/ AD7477A/ AD7478A* For example, the ADSP-2111 has a master clock frequency of 16 MHz. If the SCLKDIV register is loaded with the value 3, an SCLK of 2 MHz is obtained and eight master clock periods will elapse for every one SCLK period. If the timer registers are loaded with the value 803, 100.5 SCLKs will occur between interrupts and subsequently between transmit instructions. This situation will result in nonequidistant sampling as the transmit instruction is occurring on an SCLK edge. If the number of SCLKs between interrupts is a whole integer figure of N, equidistant sampling will be implemented by the DSP. TMS320C541* SCLK CLKX CLKR SDATA CS DR AD7476A/ AD7477A/ AD7478A* FSX ADSP-218x* SCLK SCLK FSR SDATA *ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. CS DR RFS Figure 17. Interfacing to the TMS320C541 TFS AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A to ADSP-218x The ADSP-218x family of DSPs are interfaced directly to the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A without any glue logic required. The SPORT control register should be set up as follows: *ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. Figure 18. Interfacing to the ADSP-218x TFSW = RFSW = 1, Alternate Framing INVRFS = INVTFS = 1, Active Low Frame Signal DTYPE = 00, Right Justify Data ISCLK = 1, Internal Serial Clock TFSR = RFSR = 1, Frame Every Word IRFS = 0, Sets Up RFS as an Input ITFS = 1, Sets Up TFS as an Output SLEN = 1111, 16 Bits for the AD7476A SLEN = 1101, 14 Bits for the AD7477A SLEN = 1011, 12 Bits for the AD7478A AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A to DSP563xx Interface To implement the power-down mode, SLEN should be set to 0111 to issue an 8-bit SCLK burst. The connection diagram is shown in Figure 18. The ADSP-218x has the TFS and RFS of the SPORT tied together, with TFS set as an output and RFS set as an input. The DSP operates in alternate framing mode, and the SPORT control register is set up as described. The frame synchronization signal generated on the TFS is tied to CS, and, as with all signal processing applications, equidistant sampling is necessary. However, in this example, the timer interrupt is used to control the sampling rate of the ADC and, under certain conditions, equidistant sampling may not be achieved. The timer registers, for example, are loaded with a value that will provide an interrupt at the required sample interval. When an interrupt is received, a value is transmitted with TFS/DT The connection diagram in Figure 19 shows how the AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A can be connected to the SSI (synchronous serial interface) of the DSP563xx family of DSPs from Motorola. The SSI is operated in synchronous and normal mode (SYN = 1 and MOD = 0 in Control Register B, CRB) with internally generated word frame sync for both Tx and Rx (Bits FSL1 = 0 and FSL0 = 0 in CRB). Set the word length in Control Register A (CRA) to 16 by setting Bits WL2 = 0, WL1 = 1, and WL0 = 0 for the AD7476A. The word length for the AD7478A can be set to 12 bits (WL2 = 0, WL1 = 0, and WL0 = 1). This DSP does not offer the option for a 14-bit word length, so the AD7477A word length will be set up to 16 bits, the same as the AD7476A. For the AD7477A, the conversion process will use 16 SCLK cycles, with the last two clock periods clocking out two trailing zeros to fill the 16-bit word. To implement the power-down mode on the AD7476A/AD7477A/ AD7478A, the word length can be changed to eight bits by setting Bits WL2 = 0, WL1 = 0, and WL0 = 0 in CRA. The FSP bit in the CRB register can be set to 1, meaning the frame goes low and a conversion starts. Likewise, by means of the Bits SCD2, SCKD, and SHFD in the CRB register, it will be established that the Pins SC2 (the frame sync signal) and SCK in the serial port will be configured as outputs and the MSB will be shifted first. –20– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A To summarize, MOD = 0 SYN = 1 WL2, WL1, and WL0 depend on the word length FSL1 = 1 and FSL0 = 0 FSP = 1, Negative Frame Sync SCD2 = 1 SCKD = 1 SHFD = 0 components, the user should endeavor to keep the distance between the decoupling capacitor and the VDD and GND pins to a minimum with short track lengths connecting the respective pins. Figures 20 and 21 show the recommended positions of the decoupling capacitor for the MSOP and SC70 packages, respectively. It should be noted that for signal processing applications, it is imperative that the frame synchronization signal from the DSP563xx will provide equidistant sampling. AD7476A/ AD7477A AD7478A* As can be seen in Figure 20, for the MSOP package, the decoupling capacitor has been placed as close as possible to the IC with short track lengths to VDD and GND pins. The decoupling capacitor could also be placed on the underside of the PCB directly underneath the IC, between the VDD and GND pins attached by vias. This method is not recommended on PCBs above a standard 1.6 mm thickness. The best performance will be seen with the decoupling capacitor on the top of the PCB next to the IC. DSP563xx* SCLK SCK SDATA SRD CS SC2 *ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY Figure 19. Interfacing to the DSP563xx APPLICATION HINTS Grounding and Layout The printed circuit board that houses the AD7476A/AD7477A/ AD7478A should be designed such that the analog and digital sections are separated and confined to certain areas of the board. This facilitates the use of ground planes that can be separated easily. A minimum etch technique is generally best for ground planes because it gives the best shielding. Digital and analog ground planes should be joined at only one place. If the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A is in a system where multiple devices require an AGND to DGND connection, the connection should still be made at one point only, a star ground point that should be established as close as possible to the AD7476A/ AD7477A/AD7478A. Avoid running digital lines under the device as these will couple noise onto the die. The analog ground plane should be allowed to run under the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A to avoid noise coupling. The power supply lines to the AD7476A/AD7477A/ AD7478A should use as large a trace as possible to provide low impedance paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line. Fast switching signals like clocks should be shielded with digital grounds to avoid radiating noise to other sections of the board, and clock signals should never be run near the analog inputs. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. Traces on opposite sides of the board should run at right angles to each other. This will reduce the effects of feedthrough through the board. A microstrip technique is by far the best but is not always possible with a double-sided board. In this technique, the component side of the board is dedicated to ground planes while signals are placed on the solder side. Good decoupling is also very important. The supply should be decoupled with, for instance, a 680 nF 0805 to GND. When using the SC70 package in applications where the size of the components is of concern, a 220 nF 0603 capacitor, for example, could be used instead. However, in that case, the decoupling may not be as effective and may result in an approximate SINAD degradation of 0.3 dB. To achieve the best performance from these decoupling REV. C Figure 20. Recommended Supply Decoupling Scheme for the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A MSOP Package Similarly, for the SC70 package, the decoupling capacitor should be located as close as possible to the VDD and the GND pins. Because of its pinout, i.e., VDD being next to GND, the decoupling capacitor can be placed extremely close to the IC. The decoupling capacitor could be placed on the underside of the PCB directly under the VDD and GND pins, but as before, the best performance will be achieved with the decoupling capacitor on the same side as the IC. Figure 21. Recommended Supply Decoupling Scheme for the AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A SC70 Package Evaluating the AD7476A/AD7477A Performance The evaluation board package includes a fully assembled and tested evaluation board, documentation, and software for controlling the board from the PC via the EVAL-BOARD CONTROLLER. The EVAL-BOARD CONTROLLER can be used in conjunction with the AD7476ACB/AD7477ACB evaluation board, as well as many other Analog Devices evaluation boards ending in the CB designator, to demonstrate/evaluate the ac and dc performance of the AD7476A/AD7477A. The software allows the user to perform ac (fast Fourier transform) and dc (histogram of codes) tests on the AD7476A/AD7477A. See the evaluation board application note for more information. –21– AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 6-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Transistor Package [SC70] (KS-6) Dimensions shown in millimeters 2.00 BSC 6 5 4 2 3 2.10 BSC 1.25 BSC 1 PIN 1 0.65 BSC 1.30 BSC 1.00 0.90 0.70 1.10 MAX 0.22 0.08 0.30 0.15 0.10 MAX 0.46 0.36 0.26 8ⴗ 4ⴗ 0ⴗ SEATING PLANE 0.10 COPLANARITY COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-203AB 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP] (RM-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters 3.00 BSC 8 5 4.90 BSC 3.00 BSC 1 4 PIN 1 0.65 BSC 1.10 MAX 0.15 0.00 0.38 0.22 COPLANARITY 0.10 0.23 0.08 8ⴗ 0ⴗ 0.80 0.40 SEATING PLANE COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187AA –22– REV. C AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A Revision History Location Page 3/04—Data Sheet changed from REV. B to REV. C. Added U.S. Patent number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Changes to AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A to ADSP-218x section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1/04—Data Sheet changed from REV. A to REV. B. Changes to AD7476A SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Changes to AD7476A SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Changes to AD7477A SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Changes to AD7478A SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Changes to TIMING SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Changes to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Changes to AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A to ADSP-218x section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Updated OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2/03—Data Sheet changed from REV. 0 to REV. A. Changes to SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Changes to TIMING SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Changes to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Change to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Changes to AD7476A/AD7477A/AD7478A to DSP563xx Interface section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 REV. C –23– –24– C02930–0–3/04(C)