February 2005 LM3520 Integrated White LED Driver with Organic LED Display Power Supply General Description Features The LM3520 is a dual step-up DC/DC converter, designed to drive up to 5 white LEDs with a constant current and to power an organic LED display with a constant voltage. n Integrated OLED and white-LED driver n 80% efficiency n Drives up 5 LEDs at 20mA/3.6V and 4 LEDs at 30mA/3.6V for main-display n Up to 20V @ 50mA/3.6V for sub-display n True shutdown isolation n Small External Components n 1 MHz Switching Frequency n 23V OverVoltage Protection n Wide Input Voltage Range: 2.7V to 5.5V n Cycle-By-Cycle Current Limit n PWM Dimming Control n Low Profile 14-Pin LLP(3mm x 4mm x 0.8mm) A single external resistor is used to set the maximum LED current. The LED current can be adjusted by applying a PWM signal to the EN pin. For higher efficiency the LM3520 operates with pulse frequency modulation (PFM) control scheme when the sub-display is enabled. When Main display is enabled, the device is operating in PWM mode. Overvoltage protection circuitry and a 1MHz switching frequency allow for the use of small, low cost external components. Additional features include a low-side NFET switch that can turn off the LED string with no DC current path to ground. The LM3520 is available in a small 14-pin thermallyenchanced LLP package. Applications n n n n n Flip-phones/Clam-shell Cellular Phones Handheld Devices High-fashion cellular phones White LED Backlighting Digital Cameras Typical Applications 20128803 Main Display with OLED Sub Display © 2005 National Semiconductor Corporation DS201288 www.national.com LM3520 Integrated White LED Driver with Organic LED Display Power Supply PRELIMINARY LM3520 Functional Block Diagram 20128802 FIGURE 1. Functional Block Diagram www.national.com 2 LM3520 Pin Description Pin # Pin Name Description 1 VSW 2 VIN 3 AGND 4 NC No Connect 5 MAIN_EN Main Enable 6 SUB_EN Sub Display Enable 7 PFM_EN PFM mode: OLED sub-display, pin must be tied to SUB_EN 8 SUB_FB Sub Display Feedback 9 VSUB 10 VO_MAIN 11 MAIN_FB 12 MAIN_RTN 13 DGND 14 NC Switching Voltage Input Voltage Analog Ground Sub Display Power Supply Voltage Main Output Voltage Main Display Feedback Main Display Return Voltage Digital Ground No Connect Ordering Information Order Number LM3520SD LM3520SDX Package LLP-14 NSC Package Marking Supplied As L133B 1000 units, Tape and Reel L133B 4500 units, Tape and Reel 3 www.national.com LM3520 the output current driving the main display. Figure 3 shows Sub display in PFM mode, the appropriate selection of RSUB1 and RSUB2 resistors set the output voltage driving the OLED subdisplay. Operation Modes LM3520 has two operating modes; Figure 2 shows main display in PWM current mode operation, the appropriate selection of RFB resistor in series with four white LEDs set 20128804 FIGURE 2. Main Display 20128806 20128805 FIGURE 3. Sub Display 20128807 * Note: The current IFB1 is very small and is negligible. www.national.com 4 ESD Rating (Note 4) Human Body Model: Machine Model: If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. VIN −0.3V to +7.5V VO_MAIN −0.3V to +25V VSW −0.3V to VOUT +0.3V Main_FB, Main_RTN Operating Ratings Input Voltage Range −0.3V to +7.5V MAIN_EN, PFM_EN & SUB_EN(Note 2) −0.3V to +7.5V Continuous Power Dissipation (Note 3) 2.0 kV 200V 2.7V to 5.5V Junction Temperature (TJ) Range −40˚C to +125˚C Ambient Temperature (TA) Range (Note 3) −40˚C to +85˚C Thermal Properties Internally Limited Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA), Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ-MAX) 55˚C/W Leadless Lead frame Package (Note 5) +150˚C Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) +265˚C Electrical Characteristics (Notes 6, 7) Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = +25˚C. Limits in boldface type apply over the full operating junction temperature range (−40˚C ≤ = TJ ≤ +125˚C). Unless otherwise noted: specifications apply to the LM3520. VIN = 3.6V, V(En) > 1.0V, CIN = 10 µF (Note 8). Symbol Enable Threshold Parameter Conditions Min Typ MAIN_EN = low SUB_EN = low 0.3 MAIN_EN = high SUB_EN = high PFM_EN = low IQ Enable Pin Current 0.3 0.95 MAIN_EN = 3.6V (Note 10) 3 5 SUB_EN = 3.6V (Note 10) 3 5 PFM_EN = 3.6V 3 5 0.5 1.3 0.25 0.45 Quiescent Current, Device Not Switching (PWM mode) MAIN_FB > 0.5V Quiescent Current, Device Not Switching (PFM mode) SUB_FB > 1.0V Quiescent Current, Device Switching MAIN_FB = 0V or SUB_FB = 0V (open loop) 1.75 4.5 Power Off Current (Shutdown) MAIN_EN = low SUB_EN = low PFM_EN = low 0.1 2 Feedback Voltage (MAIN_FB) VIN = 3.6V 0.455 0.5 0.545 Feedback Voltage (SUB_FB) VIN = 3.6V 1.18 1.23 1.28 FB Pin Leakage Current MAIN_FB = 0.5V (Note 9) 10 FB Pin Bias Current SUB_FB = 1.0V (Note 9) 50 ICurrent Limit Switch Current Limit VMAIN_FB = 0V, VIN = 3.6V RDS(ON) Main_Switch RDS(ON), N1 ISW = 300 mA 0.5 PMOS Switch RDS(ON), P1 IPMOS = 20 mA 3 IMain_RTN = 30 mA 3 VFB IB MAIN_RTN RDS(ON), N2 Units V 0.95 PFM_EN = high IEN Max Imain_RTN_leakage Main_RTN Leakage Current VMain_RTN = 0.5V, VIN = 3.6V DLimit Duty Cycle Limit at PWM & PFM VFB = 0V, VIN = 3.6V FSW Switching Frequency VIN = 3.6V ILeak Switch Leakage Current VSW = 24V 5 0.518 0.7 µA mA µA V nA 0.917 A Ω 0.2 90 0.8 V µA % 1.1 1.4 MHz 0.01 0.5 µA www.national.com LM3520 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) LM3520 Electrical Characteristics (Notes 6, 7) Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = +25˚C. Limits in boldface type apply over the full operating junction temperature range (−40˚C ≤ = TJ ≤ +125˚C). Unless otherwise noted: specifications apply to the LM3520. VIN = 3.6V, V(En) > 1.0V, CIN = 10 µF (Note 8). (Continued) Symbol OVP UVP Min Typ Max Output Over-Voltage Protection Parameter ON Threshold Conditions 22.2 23.2 24.2 (Main & Sub Displays) OFF Threshold 21.5 22.5 23.5 Input Under-Voltage Protection ON Threshold 2.3 2.4 2.5 OFF Threshold 2.35 2.45 2.55 IVout_main_leak VOUT Leakage Current VOUT = VIN, MAIN_EN = SUB_EN = 0V 0.1 IVout_main_bias VOUT Bias Current at No Load VOUT = 20V, SUB_EN = 0 60 Units V V nA 150 µA Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is guaranteed. Operating Ratings do not imply guaranteed performance limits. For guaranteed performance limits and associated test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics tables. Note 2: Enable signal must not be higher than Input voltage. Note 3: In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA-MAX) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ-MAX-OP = 125oC), the maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (PD-MAX), and the junction-to ambient thermal resistance of the part/package in the application (θJA), as given by the following equation: TA-MAX = TJ-MAX-OP – (θJA x PD-MAX). Note 4: The Human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. MIL-STD-883 3015.7 Note 5: Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (θJA) is taken from a thermal modeling result, performed under the conditions and guidelines set forth in the JEDEC standard JESD51-7. The test board is a 4-layer FR-4 board measuring 101.6mm x 76.2mm x 1.6mm. Thickness of the copper layers are 2oz/1oz/1oz/2oz. The middle layer of the board is 60mm x 60mm. Ambient temperature in simulation is 22˚C, still air. Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly application and board-layout dependent. In applications where high maximum power dissipation exists, special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues in board design. Note 6: All voltage is with respect toGND. Note 7: Min and Max limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical numbers are not guaranteed, but do represent the most likely norm. Note 8: CIN and COUT: Low-ESR Surface-Mount Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) used in setting electrical characteristics. Note 9: Feedback current flows out of the Sub_ FB pin. Note 10: Current flows into the pin. www.national.com 6 Switching Quiescent Current vs. Vin (Disconnected LEDs from VO_Main & Rsub1 from Vsub) Close Loop Non-Switching Quiescent Current vs. Vin (Disconnected Rfb from LED & Rsub2 from Vsub) Close Loop 20128810 20128809 Duty Cycle vs. Load Current (PWM at Main_EN) VIN = 3.6V Oscillator Frequency vs. Vin 20128812 20128813 Vsub(18V) vs. Load Vsub (15V) vs. Load 20128815 20128814 7 www.national.com LM3520 Typical Performance Characteristics Typical Application circuit Figure 1, VIN = 3.6V, L = 10µH, D = CMMSHI-40, CIN = 10µF, COUT = 1µF , TA = 25˚C , Unless otherwise Stated. LM3520 Typical Performance Characteristics Typical Application circuit Figure 1, VIN = 3.6V, L = 10µH, D = CMMSHI-40, CIN = 10µF, COUT = 1µF , TA = 25˚C , Unless otherwise Stated. (Continued) Shutdown Current vs. Vin Feedback Voltage vs. Vin (4 LEDs) 20128829 20128817 Feedback Voltage vs. Vin (3 LEDs) Feedback Voltage vs. Vin (2 LEDs) 20128827 20128828 Main Display Efficiency (4 LEDs) Main Display Efficiency ( 3 LEDs) 20128822 www.national.com 20128821 8 Main Display Efficiency (2 LEDs) Vsub Efficiency vs. Load (Vsub = 15V) 20128825 20128823 Vsub Efficiency vs. Load (Vsub = 18V) Vsub Efficiency vs. Load (Vsub = 20V) 20128826 20128824 Typical PWM Switching Waveform (Vin = 3.6V at 30mA LED Current) Typical PWM Switching Waveform (Vin = 3.6V at 4mA LED Current) 20128839 20128837 9 www.national.com LM3520 Typical Performance Characteristics Typical Application circuit Figure 1, VIN = 3.6V, L = 10µH, D = CMMSHI-40, CIN = 10µF, COUT = 1µF , TA = 25˚C , Unless otherwise Stated. (Continued) LM3520 Typical Performance Characteristics Typical Application circuit Figure 1, VIN = 3.6V, L = 10µH, D = CMMSHI-40, CIN = 10µF, COUT = 1µF , TA = 25˚C , Unless otherwise Stated. (Continued) Typical PFM Switching Waveform (Vin = 3.6V, at 30mA Load Current) Typical PFM Switching Waveform (Vin = 3.6V at 4mA Load Current) 20128838 www.national.com 20128840 10 The LM3520 is designed for White LED & OLED backlighting in mobile phone applications. It has a main display loop which can drive up to 5 white LEDS in series and a sub display loop which is designed to drive OLED up to 20V/50 mA. The main display loop employs a fixed frequency current mode scheme to regulate the LED current. The sub display loop employs a fixed frequency gated oscillator scheme to regulate the output voltage. The device has two independent control pins to enable the Main or Sub displays. Note that both displays can not be ON at the same time. Under Voltage Protection The LM3520 has an UVP comparator to turn the NMOS power device off in case the input voltage or battery voltage is too low preventing an on state of the power device conducting large amounts of current. PWM Operation Reliability and Thermal Shutdown The LM3520 utilizes a synchronous Current Mode PWM control scheme to regulate the feedback voltage over all load and line conditions for the main display. The LM3520 is internally compensated preventing the need for external compensation components yielding a compact solution. The operation can best be understood referring to the functional block diagram. The LM3520 operates as follows: During the first cycle, the oscillator sets the driver logic and turns on the NMOS power device conducting current through the inductor and reverse biases the external diode isolating the output from the VSW node. The LED current is supplied by the output capacitor when the NMOS power device is active. During this cycle, the output voltage of the EAMP controls the current through the inductor. This voltage will increase for larger loads and decrease for smaller loads limiting the peak current in the inductor. The sum of the EAMP voltage and voltage ramp is compared with the sensed switch voltage. Once these voltages are equal, the PWM COMP will then reset the logic turning off the NMOS power device and forward biasing the external diode to the white LED load and flows through the diode to the white LED load and output capacitor. The inductor current recharges the output capacitor and supplies the current for the white LED branches. The oscillator then sets the driver logic again repeating the process. The LM3520 has an internal thermal shutdown function to protect the die from excessive temperatures. The thermal shutdown trip point is typically 160˚C, Normal operation resumes when the temperature drops below 140˚C. Startup The LM3520 does not include a power on reset circuit and relies on external signal to monitor enable signal. In the event of under voltage condition, the device enable pin must be brought low until the input voltage is above the minimum guarantee voltage (2.7V). Application Information SETTING LED CURRENT The White LED current is set using the following equation: For main display: (1) PWM CONTROL The LED current can be controlled using a PWM signal on the enable pin with frequencies in the range of 100 Hz to 1 kHz. LM3520 LED current can be controlled with PWM signal frequencies above 1 kHz but LED current is not linearly porportional to the duty cycle. The maximum LED current would be achieved using the equation above with 100% duty cycle, ie. The enable pin is always high. PFM Operation The LM3520 utilizes a gated oscillator control scheme for the sub-display. There is a hysteresis window to regulate the output voltage. The oscillator frequency is the same as the frequency in PWM control. The Duty cycle of the oscillator signal is always set to maximum. During the first part of each switching cycle, the internal NMOS switch is turned on until the PFM current limit is reached. When the NMOS is off, the voltage of the inductor reverses and forces current through the diode to the output capacitor. This process continues until the upper comparator hysteresis is reached at which point the NMOS is disabled until the lower comparator threshold is reached and the process repeats again. SETTING SUB VOLTAGE Sub-display voltage is be set by choosing RSUB1 and RSUB2 as illustrated in Figure 4. VSUB is calculated as follow: Current Limit Protection The LM3520 has current limiting protection to prevent excessive stress on itself and external components during overload conditions. The internal current limit comparator will disable the NMOS power device at a typical switch peak current limit of 700 mA. (2) Output Over-Voltage Protection The LM3520 contains dedicated circuitry for monitoring the output voltage. In the event that the primary LED network is disconnected the output will increase and be limited to 23.2V 11 www.national.com LM3520 (typ.). There is a ~1V hysteresis associated with this circuitry, which will turn the NMOS off when the output voltage is at 24.2V(max.) until the output voltage reach 22.5V(typ.) or lower. The 23.5V limit allows the use of 25V 1 µF ceramic output capacitors creating an overall small solution for white LED applications. Circuit Description LM3520 Application Information enable pins should not be ON at the same time during normal operation. If for any reason, the main and Sub enable are high, the main display will enable by default and the sub display will disable by default. The following truth table summarize the logic state. (Continued) TABLE 1. Main_EN Sub_EN Main Sub 0 0 OFF OFF 0 1 OFF ON 1 0 ON OFF 1 1 ON OFF INDUCTOR SELECTION The inductor used with LM3520 must have a saturation current greater than the device switch peak current limit. Choosing inductors with low DCR decreases power losses and increases efficiency. A 10 µH inductor is optimal for the applications. If a smaller inductor is used, the larger the inductor ripple current. Care must be taken to select the inductor such that the peak current rating of the inductor accounts for maximum load current for the operating condition. It is best to select an inductor with a peak current rating of the maximum switch peak current of the device. The following equation is useful for determining the inductor value for a given application condition. Where IOUT_MAX = maximum output load current, VOUT = output voltage, VIN_MIN = minimum input voltage, VDIODE = diode forward voltage, IPeak = Peak Current and fmax = maximum switch frequency. 20128805 FIGURE 4. The above equation to solve for RSUB1 . (3) RSUB1 = (VSUB/VSUB_FB – 1)RSUB2 The LM3520 is optimized for 20V at 30 mA over the input voltage range, for higher output current up to 50mA is achieveable with a minimum input of 3.6V. If lower VSUB is desired, the output current capability will be higher. Using VSUB in Current Mode Configuration If Vsub is used to drive a string of LEDs, instead of using figure 3 configuration (voltage mode). The LEDs can be arranged in current mode configuration to control load current. TABLE 2. Suppliers www.coilcraft.com Cooper Bussmann www.cooperET.com Murata www.murata.com DIODE SELECTION To maintain high efficiency, the average current rating of the schottky diode should be larger than the peak inductor current. Schottky diodes with a low forward drop and fast switching speeds are ideal for increasing efficiency in portable applications. Choose a reverse breakdown of the schottky diode larger than the output voltage. Some recommended diodes are MBR0530T1 from ON semiconductor and CMMSHI-40 from Central Semiconductor. 20128801 FIGURE 5. CAPACITOR SELECTION Choose low ESR capacitors for the output to minimize output voltage ripple. Ceramic capacitors such as X5R and X7R are recommended for use as input and output filiters. These capacitors provide an ideal balance between small size, cost, reliability and performance. Do not use Y5V ceramic capacitors as they have poor dielectric performance over temperature and poor voltage characteristic for a given value. For most applications, a 1 µF ceramic output capaci- MAIN & SUB ENABLE The LM3520 has two independent enable pins to control the main and sub displays. A high on the Main Enable signal will enable the main display. While a high on the Sub Enable pin will enable the sub display. The PFM_EN pin must tied to SUB_EN for enabling the Sub display. Both Main & Sub www.national.com Website Coilcraft 12 (Continued) Suppliers tor is sufficient for the main-display. A minimum of 4.7µF output capacitor is recommended for VSUB output. Larger output capacitor can be used to reduce ripple voltage. The LM3520 has a maximum OVP of 24.2V, a 25V minimum rated capacitor voltage is recommended for the application to ensure proper biasing. Local bypassing for the input is needed on LM3520. Multilayer ceramic capacitors with low ESR are a good choice for this as well. A 10 µF capacitor is sufficient for most applications. Using larger capacitance decreases input voltage ripple on the input. Extra attention is required if smaller case size capacitor is used in the application. Smaller case size capacitor typically has less capacitance for a given bias voltage as compared to a larger case size capacitor with the same bias voltage. Please contact the capacitor manufacturer for detail information regarding capacitance verses case size. Table 3 lists several capacitor suppliers. TDK AVX www.avxcorp.com Murata www.murata.com LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS As for any high frequency switcher, it is important to place the external components as close as possible to the IC to maximize device performance. Below are some layout recommendations: 1) Place input filter and output filter capacitors close to the IC to minimize copper trace resistance which will directly effect the overall ripple voltage. 2) Place the feedback network resistors in the Main and Sub display close to the IC. 3) Route noise sensitive trace away from noisy power components. 4) Connect the ground pins and filter capacitors together via a ground plane to prevent switching current circulating through the ground plane. Similarly the ground connection for the feedback network should tie directly to GND plane. If no ground plan is available, the ground connections should tie directly to the device GND pin. Additional layout consideration regarding the LLP package can be found in Application AN1187 TABLE 3. Suppliers Website Website www.tdk.com 13 www.national.com LM3520 Application Information LM3520 Integrated White LED Driver with Organic LED Display Power Supply Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 14–Pin LLP NS Package Number SDA14A National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE National Semiconductor manufactures products and uses packing materials that meet the provisions of the Customer Products Stewardship Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification (CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ‘‘Banned Substances’’ as defined in CSP-9-111S2. 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