CS452/453 CS452/453 2.4A/4.4A Injector Solenoid Driver Description The CS452/453 is a monolithic integrated circuit designed for medium current solenoid driver applications. Its typical function is to supply full battery voltage to fuel injector(s) for rapid current rise, in order to produce positive injector opening. When load current reaches a preset level (2.4A for CS452, or 4.4A for CS453), the injector driver reduces Features the load current by a 4:1 ratio and operates as a constant current source. This condition holds the injector open and reduces system power dissipation. Other solenoid or relay applications can be equally well served by the CS452/453. Two high impedance inputs are provided which permit a variety of control options and can be driven by TTL or CMOS logic. ■ Microprocessor Compatible Inputs ■ On-Chip Power Device 2.4A Peak, Typical CS-452 4.4A Peak, Typical CS453 ■ Low Thermal Resistance To Grounded Tab ■ 60V Peak Transient Voltage Absolute Maximum Ratings ■ Low Saturation Voltage Power Supply Voltage (VCC) .........................................................................24V VIN..........................................................................................................-6.0 to 24V Control ..................................................................................................-6.0 to 24V Peak Transient Voltage (46V Load Dump)..................................................60V Internal Regulator Current.........................................................................50mA Junction Temperature Range....................................................-40°C to +150°C Operating Temperature Range (Tab Temperature) ..............-40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range .....................................................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature Soldering Wave Solder (through hole styles only)...10 sec. max, 260°C peak ■ Operates Over a 4.5V to 24V Battery Range Package Options Typical Application Diagram 5 Lead TO-220 Tab (Gnd) 300Ω 19kΩ VBAT 4.5V to 24V (60V Transient) IOUT VCC VIN OUT VIN Injector CS452/453 CONTROL 1kΩ 40VZ (max) 1 Gnd 1 2 3 4 5 VIN CONTROL Gnd OUT VCC ON Semiconductor 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich, RI 02818 Tel: (401)885–3600 Fax: (401)885–5786 N. American Technical Support: 800-282-9855 Web Site: www.cherry–semi.com June, 1999 - Rev. 1 1 CS452/453 Electrical Characteristics: VBAT= 12 VDC, TA = 25°C, test circuit of Test Circuit diagram, unless noted CHARACTERISTIC MIN Output Peak Current (Ipk) CS452 CS453 CS452 CS453 Output Sustaining Current (Isus) 1.7 3.6 0.50 0.95 42 V(BR)CEO(sus) @ 1mA Output Voltage in Saturated Mode CS452 @ 1.5A CS453 @ 3.0A Internal Regulated Voltage TYP UNIT 2.9 5.2 0.70 1.25 A A A A V 2.4 4.4 0.60 1.12 50 1.2 1.6 6.9 (@VCC, Test Circuit diagram) Input “on” Threshold Voltage Input “off” Threshold Voltage Input “on” Current @ VIN = 1.4VDC @ VIN = 5.0VDC MAX V V V 1.4 1.3 0.7 2.0 35 220 CONTROL “on” Threshold Voltage CONTROL Current CONTROL = 0.8VDC CONTROL = 5.0VDC 1.2 V V µA µA 1.5 1.8 V -5 1.0 -50 µA µA Input Turn On Delay (tl) 0.5 1.0 µs Ipk sense to Isus delay (tp) 60 µs CONTROL Signal Delay (tt) 15 µs Input Turn Off from Saturated Mode Delay (ts) 1.0 µs Input Turn Off from Sustain Mode Delay (td) 0.2 µs Output Voltage Rise Time (tv) 0.4 Output Current Fall Time (tf) 4.0A 0.6 µs 1.0 µs Package Lead Description PACKAGE LEAD # LEAD SYMBOL TO-220 1 FUNCTION VIN Switches the injector driver on and off. 2 CONTROL Acts to disable OUT when high. 3 Gnd Ground connection. 4 OUT Output Drive current. 5 VCC Supply voltage to IC. VCC is connected to VBAT through a series resistor (300Ω typ.) Test Circuit VBAT 300 Ω/2W 1.2 High VCC CONTROL S2 Low CS452/453 RL Injector Load I 2.0 mH S1 VIN 5 Vp-p 250Hz Square Wave OUT Gnd 0-5.0 VDC 2 40 V/10 W Zener CS452/453 Circuit Description Inductive actuators such as automotive electronic fuel injectors, relays, solenoids and hammer drivers can be powered more efficiently by providing a high current drive until actuation (pull-in) occurs and then decreasing the drive current to a level which will sustain actuation. Pull-in and especially dropout times of the actuators are also improved. Input Signal VIN >1.4V 0 Load Current The fundamental output characteristic of the CS452/453 provides a low impedance saturated power switch until the load current reaches a predetermined high-current level and then changes to a current source of lower magnitude until the device is turned off. This output characteristic allows the inductive load to control its actuation time during turn-on while minimizing power and stored energy during the sustain period, thereby promoting a fast turnoff time. Output Current Automotive injectors at present time come in two types. The large throttle body injectors have an inductance of about 2.0mH and an impedance of 1.2Ω and require the CS453 driver. The smaller type, popular worldwide, have an inductance of 4.0mH and an impedance of 2.4Ω and needs about a 2.0A pulse for good results, which can be met with the CS452. Some designs are planned which employ two of the smaller types in parallel. The inductance of the injectors are much larger at low current, decreasing due to armature movement and core saturation to the values above at rated current. 2.0 4.0ms Ipk Ipk Ipk (SENSE) Isus ti Output Voltage tp td VZ VBAT VBAT - (Isus RL) VSAT VZ Ipk Power Dissipation Operating frequencies range from 5.0Hz to 250Hz depending on the injector location and engine type. Duty cycle in some designs reaches 80%. VZ Isus (VBAT - Isus RL) Isus VSAT Ipk Figure 1. Operating Waveforms (Max. Frequency 250Hz, CONTROL Grounded) Timing Diagrams Input Voltage and Output Current vs. Time CS453 5 2.4 0 1.8 1.2 0.6 IOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 4 0 3 2 1 IOUT 0 0 10 0 0 10 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IOUT (Amps) VIN (Volts) 10 IOUT (Amps) VIN (Volts) CS452 The CS452/453 is provided with an input lead (VIN) which turns the injector driver ”on“ and ”off“. This lead has a nominal trip level of 1.4V and an input impedance of 20kΩ. It is internally protected against negative voltages and is compatible with TTL and most other logic. Input Signal VIN Output Current Provided in Figures 2, 3, and 4 are definitions of the switching intervals specified in the Electrical Characteristics. Figure 3 shows that the critical switching parameters stay under control at elevated temperatures. In those applications where high voltage transients may occur while the output lead (OUT) is in the Isus mode, excessive instantaneous power dissipation may occur, causing device failure. When this condition occurs, the control lead (CONTROL) can be used to shut off the output stage in order to protect the CS452/453. As long as CONTROL is in the high state (>1.5 volts, typ.), the output will remain off. One method of sensing the supply voltage and controlling CONTROL is to use a resistor divider between the supply voltage and ground with CONTROL connected to the resistor divider (see Typical Application diagram). Also in figure 1 is the graphically derived instantaneous power dissipation of the CS452/453. It shows that, for practical purposes, the worst case dissipation is less than (Isus) (VBAT) (duty cycle). Another application option of the control lead is to use it to accomplish an enable/disable function. Since CONTROL is compatible with TTL and CMOS logic levels, a logic low will enable the output, and allow it to follow the input signal at VIN. If CONTROL is held at a logic high, the output will be disabled regardless of the state of the input signal. Ipk 90% 10% 0 Output Current ts tv 0 If the control function is not being used in the application, it must be grounded or otherwise placed in a logic low state. If CONTROL is left open, the output stage will remain off. tf 1.0 2.0 3.0 µs Figure 2. Switching Waveforms (Expanded Time Scale) The output current in the Isus mode should be oscillation free. There is a possibility that in a given application, the output current could oscillate for a small fraction of parts. If this was to occur, the remedy is place a capacitor from OUT to Ground. The value of the capacitor should not exceed 0.01µF. 2.0 ts 1.5 1.0 tf 0.5 tv 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Isus Figure 4. Application of CONTROL It is essential that the Zener voltage be lower than the V(BR)CEO(sus), but not so low as to greatly stretch the load current decay time. Without the zener, the discharge of the load energy would be totally into the CS452/453, which, for the high current applications, could cause the device to fail. Output Voltage Ipk tl Figure 1 shows the operating waveforms for the simplest mode; i.e., with CONTROL grounded. When the driver is turned on, the current ramps up to the peak current sense level, where some overshoot occurs because of internal delay. The CS452/453 then reduces its output to Isus. The fall time of the device is very rapid (≤1.0µs), but the decay of the load current takes 150 to 220 µs, while dumping the load energy into the protection Zener clamp. Vl Turn Off >1.4V Control >1.5V Signal CONTROL There is also a control lead (CONTROL) which if held low or grounded, permits the device to operate in saturation to Ipk(sense), where it will switch to Isus automatically. If CONTROL is brought high (>1.5V), the output drive stage is turned off, regardless of what state the input (VIN) is at, and the output current goes to zero. Switching Speed (µs) CS452/453 Application Information 80 100 120 140 Case Temperature (˚C) Figure 3. Switching Speed vs. Temperature 4 CS452/453 Package Specification PACKAGE THERMAL DATA PACKAGE DIMENSIONS IN mm (INCHES) Thermal Data RΘJC typ RΘJA typ 5 Lead TO-220 (Straight) 5 Lead TO-220 2.6 50 °C/W °C/W 5 Lead TO-220 (Horizontal) 4.83 (.190) 10.54 (.415) 9.78 (.385) 2.87 (.113) 2.62 (.103) 10.54 (.415) 9.78 (.385) 2.87 (.113) 6.55 (.258) 2.62 (.103) 5.94 (.234) 4.83 (.190) 4.06 (.160) 4.06 (.160) 1.40 (.055) 1.14 (.045) 3.96 (.156) 3.71 (.146) 1.40 (.055) 1.14 (.045) 14.99 (.590) 14.22 (.560) 6.55 (.258) 5.94 (.234) 3.96 (.156) 3.71 (.146) 14.99 (.590) 14.22 (.560) 2.77 (.109) 6.83 (.269) 1.68 (.066) TYP 1.70 (.067) 0.81(.032) 14.22 (.560) 13.72 (.540) 2.92 (.115) 2.29 (.090) 0.56 (.022) 0.36 (.014) 6.60 (.260) 5.84 (.230) 6.81(.268) 1.02 (.040) 0.76 (.030) 1.83(.072) 1.57(.062) 1.02(.040) 0.63(.025) 0.56 (.022) 0.36 (.014) 6.93(.273) 6.68(.263) 2.92 (.115) 2.29 (.090) 5 Lead TO-220 (Vertical) 4.83 (.190) 4.06 (.160) 10.54 (.415) 9.78 (.385) 3.96 (.156) 3.71 (.146) 1.40 (.055) 1.14 (.045) 6.55 (.258) 5.94 (.234) 2.87 (.113) 2.62 (.103) 14.99 (.590) 14.22 (.560) 1.78 (.070) 2.92 (.115) 2.29 (.090) 8.64 (.340) 7.87 (.310) 4.34 (.171) 1.68 (.066) typ 1.70 (.067) 0.56 (.022) 0.36 (.014) 7.51 (.296) 6.80 (.268) .94 (.037) .69 (.027) Ordering Information Part Number CS452GT5 CS452GTVA5 CS452GTHA5 CS453GT5 CS453GTVA5 CS453GTHA5 Description 5 Lead TO-220 Straight 5 Lead TO-220 Vertical 5 Lead TO-220 Horizontal 5 Lead TO-220 Straight 5 Lead TO-220 Vertical 5 Lead TO-220 Horizontal ON Semiconductor and the ON Logo are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. For additional information and the latest available information, please contact your local ON Semiconductor representative. 5 © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2000 Notes Notes Notes