ISSI® ISSI IS89LV51 IS89LV51 CMOS SINGLE CHIP LOW VOLTAGE 8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER with 4-Kbytes of FLASH ® ADVANCE INFORMATION OCTOBER 1998 FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION • 80C51 based architecture • 4-Kbytes of on-chip Reprogrammable Flash Memory • 128 x 8 RAM • Two 16-bit Timer/Counters • Full duplex serial channel • Boolean processor • Four 8-bit I/O ports, 32 I/O lines • Memory addressing capability – 64K ROM and 64K RAM • Program memory lock – Lock bits (3) • Power save modes: – Idle and power-down • Six interrupt sources • Most instructions execute in 0.3 µs • CMOS and TTL compatible • Maximum speed: 40 MHz @ Vcc = 3.3V • Operating Range: 3.3V to 5V, ± 10% • Industrial temperature available • Packages available: – 40-pin DIP – 44-pin PLCC – 44-PIN PQFP The ISSI IS89LV51 is a high-performance microcontroller fabricated using high-density CMOS technology. The CMOS IS89LV51 is functionally compatible with the industry standard 80C51 microcontrollers. The IS89LV51 is designed with 4-Kbytes of Flash memory, 128 x 8 RAM; 32 programmable I/O lines; a serial I/O port for either multiprocessor communications, I/O expansion or full duplex UART; two 16-bit timer/counters; an six-source, two-priority-level, nested interrupt structure; and an on-chip oscillator and clock circuit. The IS89LV51 can be expanded using standard TTL compatible memory. P1.0 1 40 VCC P1.1 2 39 P0.0/AD0 P1.2 3 38 P0.1/AD1 P1.3 4 37 P0.2/AD2 P1.4 5 36 P0.3/AD3 P1.5 6 35 P0.4/AD4 P1.6 7 34 P0.5/AD5 P1.7 8 33 P0.6/AD6 RST 9 32 P0.7/AD7 RxD/P3.0 10 31 EA/VPP TxD/P3.1 11 30 ALE/PROG INT0/P3.2 12 29 PSEN INT1/P3.3 13 28 P2.7/A15 T0/P3.4 14 27 P2.6/A14 T1/P3.5 15 26 P2.5/A13 WR/P3.6 16 25 P2.4/A12 RD/P3.7 17 24 P2.3/A11 XTAL2 18 23 P2.2/A10 XTAL1 19 22 P2.1/A9 GND 20 21 P2.0/A8 Figure 1. IS89LV51 Pin Configuration: 40-pin PDIP This document contains ADVANCE INFORMATION. ISSI reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. We assume no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this publication. © Copyright 1998, Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 1 ISSI P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 NC VCC P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 INDEX P1.4 IS89LV51 6 5 4 3 2 1 44 43 42 41 40 P1.5 7 39 P0.4/AD4 P1.6 8 38 P0.5/AD5 P1.7 9 37 P0.6/AD6 RST 10 36 P0.7/AD7 RxD/P3.0 11 35 EA/VPP NC 12 34 NC TxD/P3.1 13 33 ALE/PROG INT0/P3.2 14 32 PSEN INT1/P3.3 15 31 P2.7/A15 T0/P3.4 16 30 P2.6/A14 T1/P3.5 17 29 P2.5/A13 22 23 24 RD/P3.7 XTAL2 XTAL1 GND NC A8/P2.0 25 26 27 28 A12/P2.4 21 A11/P2.3 20 A10/P2.2 19 A9/P2.1 18 WR/P3.6 TOP VIEW ® Figure 2. IS89LV51 Pin Configuration: 44-pin PLCC 2 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 NC VCC P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 IS89LV51 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 P0.6/AD6 RST 4 30 P0.7/AD7 RxD/P3.0 5 29 EA NC 6 29 NC TxD/P3.1 7 27 ALE INT0/P3.2 8 26 PSEN INT1/P3.3 9 25 P2.7/A15 T0/P3.4 10 24 P2.6/A14 T1/P3.5 11 23 P2.5/A13 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 A12/P2.4 31 A11/P2.3 3 A10/P2.2 P1.7 A9/P2.1 P0.5/AD5 A8/P2.0 32 NC 2 GND P1.6 XTAL1 P0.4/AD4 XTAL2 33 RD/P3.7 1 WR/P3.6 P1.5 ® Figure 3. IS89LV51 Pin Configuration: 44-pin PQFP Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 3 ISSI IS89LV51 Vcc P2.0-P2.7 P0.0-P0.7 P2 DRIVERS P0 DRIVERS ® GND ADDRESS DECODER & 256 BYTES RAM RAM ADDR REGISTER P2 LATCH STACK POINT B REGISTER PCON SCON T2CON TH0 TL1 TH2 RCAP2L SBUF P0 LATCH ADDRESS DECODER & 8K FLASH PROGRAM ADDRESS REGISTER ACC TMOD TCON TL0 TH1 TL2 RCAP2H IE IP 3 LOCK BITS & 32 BYTES ENCRYPTION TMP2 INTERRUPT BLOCK SERIAL PORT BLOCK TIMER BLOCK TMP1 PROGRAM COUNTER PC INCREMENTER ALU PSW PSEN ALE/PROG RST TIMING AND CONTROL EA/VPP INSTRUCTION REGISTER BUFFER DPTR P3 LATCH P1 LATCH OSCILLATOR XTAL1 XTAL2 P3 DRIVERS P1 DRIVERS P3.0-P3.7 P1.0-P1.7 Figure 4. IS89LV51 Block Diagram 4 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Table 1. Detailed Pin Description Symbol PDIP PLCC PQFP I/O Name and Function ALE/PROG 30 33 27 I/O EA/VPP Address Latch Enable: Output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during an address to the external memory. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and can be used for external timing or clocking. Note that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. This pin is also the Program Pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. 31 35 29 I P0.0-P0.7 39-32 43-36 37-30 I/O Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain, bidirectional I/O port. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float and can be used as highimpedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this application, it uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1s. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during programmable memory programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during program verification. P1.0-P1.7 1-8 2-9 40-44 1-3 I/O Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 1 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally pulled low will source current because of the internal pullups. (See DC Characteristics: IIL). The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. External Access enable: EA must be externally held low to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations 0000H to FFFFH. If EA is held high, the device executes from internal program memory unless the program counter contains an address greater than 0FFFH. This also receives the 12V programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming. Port 1 also receives the low-order address byte during Flash programming and verification. P2.0-P2.7 21-28 24-31 18-25 I/O Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 2 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally pulled low will source current because of the internal pullups. (See DC Characteristics: IIL). Port 2 emits the high order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that used 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ Ri [i = 0, 1]), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. P2.6 and P2.7 are the control signals while the chip programs and erases. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 5 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Table 1. Detailed Pin Description (continued) Symbol PDIP PLCC PQFP I/O Name and Function P3.0-P3.7 10-17 11, 13-19 5, 7-13 I/O Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 3 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally pulled low will source current because of the internal pullups. (See DC Characteristics: IIL). Port 3 also serves the special features of the IS89LV51, as listed below: 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 I O I I I I O O PSEN RxD (P3.0): Serial input port. TxD (P3.1): Serial output port. INT0 (P3.2): External interrupt 0. INT1 (P3.3): External interrupt 1. T0 (P3.4): Timer 0 external input. T1 (P3.5): Timer 1 external input. WR (P3.6): External data memory write strobe. RD (P3.7): External data memory read strobe. 29 32 26 O Program Store Enable: The read strobe to external program memory. When the device is executing code from the external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. PSEN is not activated during fetches from internal program memory. RST 9 10 4 I Reset: A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running, resets the device. An internal MOS resistor to GND permits a power-on reset using only an external capacitor connected to Vcc. XTAL 1 19 21 15 I Crystal 1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock generator circuits. XTAL 2 18 20 14 O Crystal 2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. GND 20 22 16 I Ground: 0V reference. Vcc 40 44 38 I Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for operation. 6 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® OPERATING DESCRIPTION The detail description of the IS89LV51 included in this description are: addressing. Figure 6 shows internal data memory organization and SFR Memory Map. • Memory Map and Registers The lower 128 bytes of RAM can be divided into three segments as listed below and shown in Figure 7. • Timer/Counters 1. Register Banks 0-3: locations 00H through 1FH (32 bytes). The device after reset defaults to register bank 0. To use the other register banks, the user must select them in software. Each register bank contains eight 1byte registers R0-R7. Reset initializes the stack point to location 07H, and is incremented once to start from 08H, which is the first register of the second register bank. • Serial Interface • Interrupt System • Other Information • Flash Memory MEMORY MAP AND REGISTERS Memory The IS89LV51 has separate address spaces for program and data memory. The program and data memory can be up to 64K bytes long. The lower 4K program memory can reside on-chip. Figure 5 shows a map of the IS89LV51 program and data memory. The IS89LV51 has 128 bytes of on-chip RAM, plus numbers of special function registers. The lower 128 bytes can be accessed either by direct addressing or by indirect 2. Bit Addressable Area: 16 bytes have been assigned for this segment 20H-2FH. Each one of the 128 bits of this segment can be directly addressed (0-7FH). Each of the 16 bytes in this segment can also be addressed as a byte. 3. Scratch Pad Area: 30H-7FH are available to the user as data RAM. However, if the data pointer has been initialized to this area, enough bytes should be left aside to prevent SP data destruction. Program Memory (Read Only) Data Memory (Read/Write) FFFFH FFFFH: 64K External External Internal 0FFFH: 4K FFH EA = 1 Internal EA = 0 External 0000 PSEN 7FH 00 80H 0000 RD WR Figure 5. IS89LV51 Program and Data Memory Structure Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 7 ISSI IS89LV51 ® SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The Special Function Registers (SFR's) are located in upper 128 Bytes direct addressing area. The SFR Memory Map in Figure 6 shows that. Not all of the addresses are occupied. Unoccupied addresses are not implemented on the chip. Read accesses to these addresses in general return random data, and write accesses have no effect. User software should not write 1s to these unimplemented locations, since they may be used in future microcontrollers to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive values of the new bits will always be 0, and their active values will be 1. FFH Not Available in the IS89LV51 Upper 128 Accessible by Direct Addressing 80H 7FH 80H Accessible by Direct and Indirect Addressing Lower 128 Special Function Registers 0 Ports, Status and Control Bits, Timer, Registers, Stack Pointer, Accumulator (Etc.) F8 F0 E8 E0 D8 D0 C8 C0 B8 B0 A8 A0 98 90 88 80 The functions of the SFRs are outlined in the following sections, and detailed in Table 2. Accumulator (ACC) ACC is the Accumulator register. The mnemonics for Accumulator-specific instructions, however, refer to the Accumulator simply as A. B Register (B) The B register is used during multiply and divide operations. For other instructions it can be treated as another scratch pad register. Program Status Word (PSW). The PSW register contains program status information. B ACC PSW IP P3 IE P2 SCON P1 TCON P0 SBUF TMOD SP TL0 DPL TL1 DPH TH0 TH1 PCON FF F7 EF E7 DF D7 CF C7 BF B7 AF A7 9F 97 8F 87 Bit Addressable Figure 6. Internal Data Memory and SFR Memory Map 8 BYTES 78 7F 70 77 68 6F 60 67 58 5F 50 57 48 4F 40 47 38 3F 30 37 ...7F 28 20 SCRATCH PAD AREA 0 ... 2F 27 18 BANK3 1F 10 BANK2 17 08 BANK 1 0F 00 BANK 0 07 BIT ADDRESSABLE SEGMENT REGISTER BANKS Figure 7. Lower 128 Bytes of Internal RAM 8 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 IS89LV51 ISSI ® SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (Continued) Stack Pointer (SP) The Stack Pointer Register is eight bits wide. It is incremented before data is stored during PUSH and CALL executions. While the stack may reside anywhere in onchip RAM, the Stack Pointer is initialized to 07H after a reset. This causes the stack to begin at location 08H. Serial Data Buffer (SBUF) The Serial Data Buffer is actually two separate registers, a transmit buffer and a receive buffer register. When data is moved to SBUF, it goes to the transmit buffer, where it is held for serial transmission. (Moving a byte to SBUF initiates the transmission.) When data is moved from SBUF, it comes from the receive buffer. Data Pointer (DPTR) The Data Pointer consists of a high byte (DPH) and a low byte (DPL). Its function is to hold a 16-bit address. It may be manipulated as a 16-bit register or as two independent 8-bit registers. Timer Registers Register pairs (TH0, TL0) and (TH1, TL1) are the 16-bit Counter registers for Timer/Counters 0 and 1, respectively. Ports 0 To 3 P0, P1, P2, and P3 are the SFR latches of Ports 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Control Registers Special Function Registers IP, IE, TMOD, TCON, SCON, and PCON contain control and status bits for the interrupt system, the Timer/Counters, and the serial port. They are described in later sections of this chapter. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 9 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Table 2. Special Function Registers Symbol Description Direct Address ACC(1) B(1) DPH DPL Accumulator B register Data pointer (DPTR) high Data pointer (DPTR) low E0H F0H 83H 82H IE(1) Interrupt enable A8H IP(1) Interrupt priority B8H P0(1) Port 0 80H P1(1) Port 1 90H P2(1) Port 2 A0H P3(1) Port 3 B0H PCON Power control 87H PSW(1) SBUF Program status word Serial data buffer D0H 99H SCON(1) SP Serial controller Stack pointer 98H 81H TCON(1) TMOD TH0 TH1 TL0 TL1 Timer control Timer mode Timer high 0 Timer high 1 Timer low 0 Timer low 1 88H 89H 8CH 8DH 8AH 8BH Bit Address, Symbol, or Alternative Port Function E7 F7 E6 F6 E5 F5 E4 F4 E3 F3 E2 F2 AF EA BF — 87 P0.7 AD7 97 P1.7 A7 P2.7 AD15 B7 P3.7 AE — BE — 86 P0.6 AD6 96 P1.6 A6 P2.6 AD14 B6 P3.6 AA EX1 BA PX1 82 P0.2 AD2 92 P1.2 A2 P2.2 AD10 B2 P3.2 — D6 AC AC ES BC PS 84 P0.4 AD4 94 P1.4 A4 P2.4 AD12 B4 P3.4 T0 — D4 RS1 AB ET1 BB PT1 83 P0.3 AD3 93 P1.3 A3 P2.3 AD11 B3 P3.3 SMOD D7 CY AD — BD — 85 P0.5 AD5 95 P1.5 A5 P2.5 AD13 B5 P3.5 T1 — D5 F0 GF1 D3 RS0 A9 ET0 B9 PT0 81 P0.1 AD1 91 P1.1 A1 P2.1 AD9 B1 P3.1 INT0 TXD GF0 PD D2 D1 OV — 9F SM0 9E SM1 9D SM2 9C REN 9B TB8 9A RB8 99 TI 98 RI 8F 8E TF1 TR1 GATE C/T 8D TF0 M1 8C 8B TR0 IE1 M0 GATE 8A IT1 C/T 89 IE0 M1 88 IT0 M0 RD WR INT1 E1 F1 Reset Value E0 F0 A8 EX0 B8 PX0 80 P0.0 AD0 90 P1.0 A0 P2.0 AD8 B0 P3.0 RXD IDL D0 P 00H 00H 00H 00H 0XX00000B XXX00000B FFH FFH FFH FFH 0XXX0000B 00H XXXXXXXXB 00H 07H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H Notes: 1. Denotes bit addressable. 10 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® The detail description of each bit is as follows: PSW: IE: Program Status Word. Bit Addressable. Interrupt Enable Register. Bit Addressable. 7 CY 6 AC 5 F0 4 RS1 3 RS0 2 OV 1 — 0 P Register Description: CY PSW.7 Carry flag. AC PSW.6 Auxiliary carry flag. F0 PSW.5 Flag 0 available to the user for g e n e r a l purpose. RS1 PSW.4 Register bank selector bit 1.(1) RS0 PSW.3 Register bank selector bit 0.(1) OV PSW.2 Overflow flag. — PSW.1 Usable as a general purpose flag P PSW.0 Parity flag. Set/Clear by hardware each instruction cycle to indicate an odd/even number of “1” bits in the accumulator. Note: 1. The value presented by RS0 and RS1 selects the corresponding register bank. RS1 RS0 Register Bank Address 0 0 0 00H-07H 0 1 1 08H-0FH 1 0 2 10H-17H 1 1 3 18H-1FH Power Control Register. Not Bit Addressable. 6 — 5 — 4 — 3 GF1 2 GF0 1 PD 6 — 5 — 4 ES 3 ET1 2 EX1 1 0 ET0 EX0 Register Description: EA IE.7 Disable all interrupts. If EA=0, no interrupt will be acknowledged. If EA=1, each interrupt source is individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing its enable bit. — IE.6 Not implemented, reserve for future use.(5) — IE.5 Not implemented, reserve for future use.(5) ES IE.4 Enable or disable the serial port interrupt. ET1 IE.3 Enable or disable the Timer 1 overflow interrupt. EX1 IE.2 Enable or disable External Interrupt 1. ET0 IE.1 Enable or disable the Timer 0 overflow interrupt. EX0 IE.0 Enable or disable External Interrupt 0. Note: To use any of the interrupts in the 80C51 Family, the following three steps must be taken: 1. Set the EA (enable all) bit in the IE register to 1. 2. Set the coresponding individual interrupt enable bit in the IE register to 1. 3. Begin the interrupt service routine at the corresponding Vector Address of that interrupt (see below). PCON: 7 SMOD 7 EA 0 IDL Register Description: SMOD Double baud rate bit. If Timer 1 is used to generate baud rate and SMOD=1, the baud rate is doubled when the serial port is used in modes 1, 2, or 3. — Not implemented, reserve for future use.(1) — Not implemented, reserve for future use.(1) — Not implemented, reserve for future use.(1) GF1 General purpose flag bit. GF0 General purpose flag bit. PD Power-down bit. Setting this bit activates powerdown mode. IDL Idle mode bit. Setting this bit activates idle mode. If 1s are written to PD and IDL at the same time, PD takes precedence. Interrupt Source IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI & TI Vector Address 0003H 000BH 0013H 001BH 0023H 4. In addition, for external interrupts, pins INT0 and INT1 (P3.2 and P3.3) must be set to 1, and depending on whether the interrupt is to be level or transition activated, bits IT0 or IT1 in the TCON register may need to be set to 0 or 1. ITX = 0 level activated (X = 0, 1) ITX = 1 transition activated 5. User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future products to invoke new features. Note: 1. User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future products to invoke new features. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 11 ISSI IS89LV51 IP: TCON: Interrupt Priority Register. Bit Addressable. Timer/Counter Control Register. Bit Addressable 7 — 6 — 5 — 4 PS 3 PT1 2 PX1 1 0 PT0 PX0 Register Description: — IP.7 Not implemented, reserve for future use(3) — IP.6 Not implemented, reserve for future use(3) — IP.5 Not implemented, reserve for future use(3) PS IP.4 Defines Serial Port interrupt priority level PT1 IP.3 Defines Timer 1 interrupt priority level PX1 IP.2 Defines External Interrupt 1 priority level PT0 IP.1 Defines Timer 0 interrupt priority level PX0 IP.0 Defines External Interrupt 0 priority level Notes: 1. In order to assign higher priority to an interrupt the coresponding bit in the IP register must be set to 1. While an interrupt service is in progress, it cannot be interrupted by a lower or same level interrupt. 2. Priority within level is only to resolve simultaneous requests of the same priority level. From high-to-low, interrupt sources are listed below: IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI or TI 3. User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future products to invoke new features. 12 7 TF1 6 TR1 5 TF0 4 TR0 3 IE1 2 IT1 1 IE0 ® 0 IT0 Register Description: TF1 TCON.7 Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware when the Timer/Counter 1 overflows. Cleared by hardware as processor vectors to the interrupt service routine. TR1 TCON.6 Timer 1 run control bit. Set/Cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 1 ON/ OFF. TF0 TCON.5 Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware when the Timer/Counter 0 overflows. Cleared by hardware as processor vectors to the interrupt service routine. TR0 TCON.4 Timer 0 run control bit. Set/Cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 0 ON/ OFF. IE1 TCON.3 External Interrupt 1 edge flag. Set by hardware when the External Interrupt edge is detected. Cleared by hardware when interrupt is processed. IT1 TCON.2 Interrupt 1 type control bit. Set/Cleared by software specify falling edge/low level triggered External Interrupt. IE0 TCON.1 External Interrupt 0 edge flag. Set by hardware when the External Interrupt edge is detected. Cleared by hardware when interrupt is processed. IT0 TCON.0 Interrupt 0 type control bit. Set/Cleared by software specify falling edge/low level triggered External Interrupt. 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 TMOD: SCON: Timer/Counter Mode Control Register. Not Bit Addressable. Serial Port Control Register. Bit Addressable. Timer 1 GATE C/T M1 M0 GATE Timer 0 C/T M1 M0 GATE When TRx (in TCON) is set and GATE=1, TIMER/ COUNTERx will run only while INTx pin is high (hardware control). When GATE=0, TIMER/ COUNTERx will run only while TRx=1 (software control). C/T Timer or Counter selector. Cleared for Timer operation (input from internal system clock). Set for Counter operation (input from Tx input pin). M1 Mode selector bit.(1) Mode selector bit.(1) M0 Note 1: M1 M0 Operating Mode 0 0 Mode 0. (13-bit Timer) 0 1 Mode 1. (16-bit Timer/Counter) 1 0 Mode 2. (8-bit auto-load Timer/Counter) 1 1 Mode 3. (Splits Timer 0 into TL0 and TH0. TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter controller by the standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an 8-bit Timer and is controlled by Timer 1 control bits.) 1 1 Mode 3. (Timer/Counter 1 stopped). 7 6 5 SM0 SM1 SM2 4 REN 3 TB8 2 RB8 1 TI ® 0 RI Register Description: SM0 SCON.7 Serial port mode specifier.(1) SM1 SCON.6 Serial port mode specifier.(1) SM2 SCON.5 Enable the multiprocessor communication feature in mode 2 and 3. In mode 2 or 3, if SM2 is set to 1 then RI will not be activated if the received 9th data bit (RB8) is 0. In mode 1, if SM2=1 then RI will not be activated if valid stop bit was not received. In mode 0, SM2 should be 0. REN SCON.4 Set/Cleared by software to Enable/ Disable reception. TB8 SCON.3 The 9th bit that will be transmitted in mode 2 and 3. Set/Cleared by software. RB8 SCON.2 In modes 2 and 3, RB8 is the 9th data bit that was received. In mode 1, if SM2=0, RB8 is the stop bit that was received. In mode 0, RB8 is not used. TI SCON.1 Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the eighth bit time in mode 0, or at the beginning of the stop bit in the other modes. Must be cleared by software. RI SCON.0 Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the eighth bit time in mode 0, or halfway through the stop bit time in the other modes (except see SM2). Must be cleared by software. Note 1: SM0 SM1 MODE Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 Description Baud Rate 0 0 0 Shift register Fosc/12 0 1 1 8-bit UART Variable 1 0 2 9-bit UART Fosc/64 or Fosc/32 1 1 3 9-bit UART Variable 13 ISSI IS89LV51 ® TIMER/COUNTERS Timer 0 and Timer 1 The IS89LV51 has two 16-bit Timer/Counter registers: Timer 0 and Timer 1. All two can be configured to operate either as Timers or event Counters. The Timer or Counter function is selected by control bits C/T in the Special Function Regiser TMOD. These two Timer/Counters have four operating modes, which are selected by bit pairs (M1, M0) in TMOD. Modes 0, 1, and 2 are the same for both Timer/Counters, but Mode 3 is different. The four modes are described in the following sections. As a Timer, the register is incremented every machine cycle. Thus, the register counts machine cycles. Since a machine cycle consists of 12 oscillator periods, the count rate is 1/12 of the oscillator frequency. As a Counter, the register is incremented in response to a 1-to-0 transition at its corresponding external input pin, T0 and T1. The external input is sampled during S5P2 of every machine cycle. When the samples show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, the count is incremented. The new count value appears in the register during S3P1 of the cycle following the one in which the transition was detected. Since two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) are required to recognize a 1-to-0 transition, the maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency. There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but it should be held for at least one full machine cycle to ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes. In addition to the Timer or Counter functions, Timer 0 and Timer 1 have four operating modes: 13-bit timer, 16-bit timer, 8-bit auto-reload, split timer. Mode 0: Both Timers in Mode 0 are 8-bit Counters with a divide-by-32 prescaler. Figure 8 shows the Mode 0 operation as it applies to Timer 1. In this mode, the Timer register is configured as a 13-bit register. As the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the Timer interrupt flag TF1. The counted input is enabled to the Timer when TR1 = 1 and either GATE = 0 or INT1 = 1. Setting GATE = 1 allows the Timer to be controlled by external input INT1, to facilitate pulse width measurements. TR1 is a control bit in the Special Function Register TCON. Gate is in TMOD. The 13-bit register consists of all eight bits of TH1 and the lower five bits of TL1. The upper three bits of TL1 are indeterminate and should be ignored. Setting the run flag (TR1) does not clear the registers. Mode 0 operation is the same for Timer 0 as for Timer 1, except that TR0, TF0 and INT0 replace the corresponding Timer 1 signals in Figure 8. There are two different GATE bits, one for Timer 1 (TMOD.7) and one for Timer 0 (TMOD.3). ONE MACHINE ONE MACHINE CYCLE CYCLE S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 OSC (XTAL2) OSC DIVIDE 12 C/T = 0 TL1 (5 BITS) TH1 (8 BITS) TF1 INTERRUPT C/T = 1 T1 PIN CONTROL TR1 GATE INT1 PIN Figure 8. Timer/Counter 1 Mode 0: 13-Bit Counter 14 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 Mode 1: Mode 1 is the same as Mode 0, except that the Timer register is run with all 16 bits. The clock is applied to the combined high and low timer registers (TL1/TH1). As clock pulses are received, the timer counts up: 0000H, 0001H, 0002H, etc. An overflow occurs on the FFFFH-to-0000H overflow flag. The timer continues to count. The overflow flag is the TF1 bit in TCON that is read or written by software (see Figure 9). Mode 2: Mode 2 configures the Timer register as an 8-bit Counter (TL1) with automatic reload, as shown in Figure 10. Overflow from TL1 not only sets TF1, but also reloads TL1 with the contents of TH1, which is preset by software. The reload leaves the TH1 unchanged. Mode 2 operation is the same for Timer/Counter 0. TIMER CLOCK TL1 (8 BITS) ® Mode 3: Timer 1 in Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as setting TR1 = 0. Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate counters. The logic for Mode 3 on Timer 0 is shown in Figure 11. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits: C/T, GATE, TR0, INT0, and TF0. TH0 is locked into a timer function (counting machine cycles) and over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Thus, TH0 now controls the Timer 1 interrupt. Mode 3 is for applications requiring an extra 8-bit timer or counter. With Timer 0 in Mode 3, the IS89LV51 can appear to have three Timer/Counters. When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned on and off by switching it out of and into its own Mode 3. In this case, Timer 1 can still be used by the serial port as a baud rate generator or in any application not requiring an interrupt. TH1 (8 BITS) TF1 OVERFLOW FLAG Figure 9. Timer/Counter 1 Mode 1: 16-Bit Counter OSC DIVIDE 12 C/T = 0 TL1 (8 BITS) TF1 INTERRUPT C/T = 1 T1 PIN RELOAD CONTROL TR1 GATE TH1 (8 BITS) INT0 PIN Figure 10. Timer/Counter 1 Mode 2: 8-Bit Auto-Reload Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 15 ISSI IS89LV51 OSC DIVIDE 12 ® 1/12 FOSC 1/12 FOSC C/T = 0 TL0 (8 BITS) TF0 INTERRUPT TH0 (8 BITS) TF1 INTERRUPT C/T = 1 T0 PIN CONTROL TR0 GATE INT0 PIN 1/12 FOSC TR1 CONTROL Figure 11. Timer/Counter 0 Mode 3: Two 8-Bit Counters 16 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 Timer Setup Table 5. Timer/Counter 1 Used as a Timer Tables 3 through 6 give TMOD values that can be used to set up Timers in different modes. It assumes that only one timer is used at a time. If Timers 0 and 1 must run simultaneously in any mode, the value in TMOD for Timer 0 must be ORed with the value shown for Timer 1 (Tables 5 and 6). For example, if Timer 0 must run in Mode 1 GATE (external control), and Timer 1 must run in Mode 2 COUNTER, then the value that must be loaded into TMOD is 69H (09H from Table 3 ORed with 60H from Table 6). Moreover, it is assumed that the user is not ready at this point to turn the timers on and will do so at another point in the program by setting bit TRx (in TCON) to 1. Table 3. Timer/Counter 0 Used as a Timer Mode Timer 0 Function ® TMOD Internal External Control(1) Control(2) 0 13-Bit Timer 00H 08H 1 16-Bit Timer 01H 09H 2 8-Bit Auto-Reload 02H 0AH 3 Two 8-Bit Timers 03H 0BH TMOD Internal External Control(1) Control(2) Mode Timer 1 Function 0 13-Bit Timer 00H 80H 1 16-Bit Timer 10H 90H 2 8-Bit Auto-Reload 20H A0H 3 Does Not Run 30H B0H Table 6. Timer/Counter 1 Used as a Counter TMOD Internal External Control(1) Control(2) Mode Timer 1 Function 0 13-Bit Timer 40H C0H 1 16-Bit Timer 50H D0H 2 8-Bit Auto-Reload 60H E0H 3 Not Available — — Notes: 1. The Timer is turned ON/OFF by setting/clearing bit TR1 in the software. 2. The Timer is turned ON/OFF by the 1-to-0 transition on INT1 (P3.3) when TR1 = 1 (hardware control). Table 4. Timer/Counter 0 Used as a Counter TMOD Internal External Control(1) Control(2) Mode Timer 0 Function 0 13-Bit Timer 04H 0CH 1 16-Bit Timer 05H 0DH 2 8-Bit Auto-Reload 06H 0EH 3 One 8-Bit Counter 07H 0FH Notes: 1. The Timer is turned ON/OFF by setting/clearing bit TR0 in the software. 2. The Timer is turned ON/OFF by the 1 to 0 transition on INT0 (P3.2) when TR0 = 1 (hardware control). Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 17 IS89LV51 ISSI ® SERIAL INTERFACE The Serial port is full duplex, which means it can transmit and receive simultaneously. It is also receive-buffered, which means it can begin receiving a second byte before a previously received byte has been read from the receive register. (However, if the first byte still has not been read when reception of the second byte is complete, one of the bytes will be lost.) The serial port receive and transmit registers are both accessed at Special Function Register SBUF. Writing to SBUF loads the transmit register, and reading SBUF accesses a physically separate receive register. The serial port can operate in the following four modes: Mode 0: Serial data enters and exits through RXD. TXD outputs the shift clock. Eight data bits are transmitted/received, with the LSB first. The baud rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency (see Figure 12). Mode 1: Ten bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), eight data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit goes into RB8 in Special Function Register SCON. The baud rate is variable (see Figure 13). 18 Mode 2: Eleven bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), eight data bits (LSB first), a programmable ninth data bit, and a stop bit (1). On transmit, the ninth data bit (TB8 in SCON) can be assigned the value of 0 or 1. Or, for example, the parity bit (P, in the PSW) can be moved into TB8. On receive, the ninth data bit goes into RB8 in Special Function Register SCON, while the stop bit is ignored. The baud rate is programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64 the oscillator frequency (see Figure 14). Mode 3: Eleven bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), eight data bits (LSB first), a programmable ninth data bit, and a stop bit (1). In fact, Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2 in all respects except the baud rate, which is variable in Mode 3 (see Figure 15). In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated in Mode 0 by the condition RI = 0 and REN = 1. Reception is initiated in the other modes by the incoming start bit if REN = 1. 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 Multiprocessor Communications Modes 2 and 3 have a special provision for multiprocessor communications. In these modes, nine data bits are received, followed by a stop bit. The ninth bit goes into RB8; then comes a stop bit. The port can be programmed such that when the stop bit is received, the serial port interrupt is activated only if RB8 = 1. This feature is enabled by setting bit SM2 in SCON. The following example shows how to use the serial interrupt for multiprocessor communications. When the master processor must transmit a block of data to one of several slaves, it first sends out an address byte that identifies the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in that the ninth bit is 1 in an address byte and 0 in a data byte. With SM2 = 1, no slave is interrupted by a data byte. An address byte, however, interrupts all slaves, so that each slave can examine the received byte and see if it is being addressed. The addressed slave clears its SM2 bit and prepares to receive the data bytes that follows. The slaves that are not addressed set their SM2 bits and ignore the data bytes. SM2 has no effect in Mode 0 but can be used to check the validity of the stop bit in Mode 1. In a Mode 1 reception, if SM2 = 1, the receive interrupt is not activated unless a valid stop bit is received. ® Using the Timer 1 to Generate Baud Rates When Timer 1 is the baud rate generator, the baud rates in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and the value of SMOD according to the following equation. Mode 1, 3 = Baud Rate 2SMOD 32 X (Timer 1 Overflow Rate) The Timer 1 interrupt should be disabled in this application. The Timer itself can be configured for either timer or counter operation in any of its three running modes. In the most typical applications, it is configured for timer operation in auto-reload mode (high nibble of TMOD = 0010B). In this case, the baud rate is given by the following formula. Mode 1,3 = Baud Rate 2SMOD 32 X Oscillator Frequency 12x [256 – (TH1)] Programmers can achieve very low baud rates with Timer 1 by leaving the Timer 1 interrupt enabled, configuring the Timer to run as a 16-bit timer (high nibble of TMOD = 0001B), and using the Timer 1 interrupt to do a 16-bit software reload. Table 7 lists commonly used baud rates and how they can be obtained from Timer 1. Baud Rates The baud rate in Mode 0 is fixed as shown in the following equation. Oscillator Frequency 12 The baud rate in Mode 2 depends on the value of the SMOD bit in Special Function Register PCON. If SMOD = 0 (the value on reset), the baud rate is 1/64 of the oscillator frequency. If SMOD = 1, the baud rate is 1/32 of the oscillator frequency, as shown in the following equation. Mode 0 Baud Rate = Mode 2 Baud Rate = 2SMOD x (Oscillator Frequency) 64 In the IS89LV51, the Timer 1 overflow rate determines the baud rates in Modes 1 and 3. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 19 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Table 7. Commonly Used Baud Rates Generated by Timer 1 Timer 1 Baud Rate Mode 0 Max: 1 MHz Mode 2 Max: 375K Modes 1, 3: 62.5K 19.2K 9.6K 4.8K 2.4K 1.2K 137.5 110 110 fOSC 12 MHz 12 MHz 12 MHz 11.059 MHz 11.059 MHz 11.059 MHz 11.059 MHz 11.059 MHz 11.986 MHz 6 MHz 12 MHz SMOD X 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 More About Mode 0 Serial data enters and exits through RXD. TXD outputs the shift clock. Eight data bits are transmitted/received, with the LSB first. The baud rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency. Figure 12 shows a simplified functional diagram of the serial port in Mode 0 and associated timing. Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. The "write to SBUF" signal at S6P2 also loads a 1 into the ninth position of the transmit shift register and tells the TX Control block to begin a transmission. The internal timing is such that one full machine cycle will elapse between "write to SBUF" and activation of SEND. SEND transfer the output of the shift register to the alternate output function line of P3.0, and also transfers SHIFT CLOCK to the alternate output function line of P3.1. SHIFT CLOCK is low during S3, S4, and S5 of every machine cycle, and high during S6, S1, and S2. At S6P2 of every machine cycle in which SEND is active, the contents of the transmit shift register are shifted one position to the right. As data bits shift out to the right, 0s come in from the left. When the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift register, the 1 that was initially loaded into the ninth position is just to the left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain 0s. This condition flags the TX Control block to do one last shift, then deactivate SEND and set TI. Both of these actions occur at S1P1 of the tenth machine cycle after "write to SBUF." 20 C/T X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mode X X 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 Reload Value X X FFH FDH FDH FAH F4H E8H 1DH 72H FEEBH Reception is initiated by the condition REN = 1 and RI = 0. At S6P2 of the next machine cycle, the RX Control unit writes the bits 11111110 to the receive shift register and activates RECEIVE in the next clock phase. RECEIVE enables SHIFT CLOCK to the alternate output function line of P3.1. SHIFT CLOCK makes transitions at S3P1 and S6P1 of every machine cycle. At S6P2 of every machine cycle in which RECEIVE is active, the contents of the receive shift register are shifted on position to the left. The value that comes in from the right is the value that was sampled at the P3.0 pin at S5P2 of the same machine cycle. As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the 0 that was initially loaded into the right-most position arrives at the left-most position in the shift register, it flags the RX Control block to do one last shift and load SBUF. At S1P1 of the tenth machine cycle after the write to SCON that cleared RI, RECEIVE is cleared and RI is set. More About Mode 1 Ten bits are transmitted (through TXD), or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), eight data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON. In the IS89LV51 the baud rate is determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate. Figure 13 shows a simplified functional diagram of the serial port in Mode 1 and associated timings for transmit and receive. Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 IS89LV51 The "write to SBUF" signal also loads a 1 into the ninth bit position of the transmit shift register and flags the TX control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission actually commences at S1P1 of the machine cycle following the next rollover in the divide-by-16 counter. Thus, the bit times are synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to the "write to SBUF" signal. The transmission begins when SEND is activated, which puts the start bit at TXD. One bit time later, DATA is activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift register to TXD. The first shift pulse occurs one bit time after that. As data bits shift out to the right, 0s are clocked in from the left. When the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift register, the 1 that was initially loaded into the ninth position is just to the left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain 0s. This condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift, then deactivate SEND and set TI. This occurs at the tenth divide-by-16 rollover after "write to SBUF". Reception is initiated by a 1-to-0 transition detected at RXD. For this purpose, RXD is sampled at a rate of 16 times the established baud rate. When a transition is detected, the divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written into the input shift register. Resetting the divide-by-16 counter aligns its rollovers with the boundaries of the incoming bit times. The 16 states of the counter divide each bit time into 16th. At the seventh, eighth, and ninth counter states of each bit time, the bit detector samples the value of RXD. The value accepted is the value that was seen in at least two of the three samples. This is done to reject noise. In order to reject false bits, if the value accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits are reset and the unit continues looking for another 1-to-0 transition. If the start bit is valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of the rest of the frame proceeds. As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift to the left. When the start bit arrives at the leftmost position in the shift register, (which is a 9-bit register in Mode 1), it flags the RX Control block to do one last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set RI. The signal to load SBUF and RB8 and to set RI is generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is generated. 1) RI = 0 and ISSI ® If either of these two conditions is not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost. If both conditions are met, the stop bit goes into RB8, the eight data bits go into SBUF, and RI is activated. At this time, whether or not the above conditions are met, the unit continues looking for a 1-to-0 transition in RXD. More About Modes 2 and 3 Eleven bits are transmitted (through TXD), or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), eight data bits (LSB first), a programmable ninth data bit, and a stop bit (1). On transmit, the ninth data bit (TB8) can be assigned the value of 0 or 1. On receive, the ninth data bit goes into RB8 in SCON. The baud rate is programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64 of the oscillator frequency in Mode 2. Mode 3 may have a variable baud rate generated from Timer 1. Figures 14 and 15 show a functional diagram of the serial port in Modes 2 and 3. The receive portion is exactly the same as in Mode 1. The transmit portion differs from Mode 1 only in the ninth bit of the transmit shift register. Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. The "write to SBUF" signal also loads TB8 into the ninth bit position of the transmit shift register and flags the TX Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission commences at S1P1 of the machine cycle following the next rollover in the divide-by16 counter. Thus, the bit times are synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to the "write to SBUF" signal. The transmission begins when SEND is activated, which puts the start bit at TXD. One bit timer later, DATA is activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift register to TXD. The first shift pulse occurs one bit time after that. The first shift clocks a 1 (the stop bit) into the ninth bit position of the shift register. Thereafter, only 0s are clocked in. Thus, as data bits shift out to the right, 0s are clocked in from the left. When TB8 is at the output position of the shift register, then the stop bit is just to the left of TB8, and all positions to the left of that contain 0s. This condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift, then deactivate SEND and set TI. This occurs at the eleventh divide-by-16 rollover after "write to SBUF". Reception is initiated by a 1-to-0 transition detected at RXD. For this purpose, RXD is sampled at a rate of 16 times the established baud rate. When a transition is detected, the divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written to the input shift register. 2) Either SM2 = 0, or the received stop bit =1 Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 21 ISSI IS89LV51 At the seventh, eighth, and ninth counter states of each bit time, the bit detector samples the value of RXD. The value accepted is the value that was seen in at least two of the three samples. If the value accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits are reset and the unit continues looking for another 1-to-0 transition. If the start bit proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of the rest of the frame proceeds. As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the start bit arrives at the leftmost position in the shift register (which in Modes 2 and 3 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control block to do one last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set RI. The signal to load SBUF and RB8 and to set RI is generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is generated: ® Table 8. Serial Port Setup Mode SCON 0 10H 1 50H 2 90H 3 D0H 0 NA 1 70H 2 B0H 3 F0H SM2Variation Single Processor Environment (SM2 = 0) Multiprocessor Environment (SM2 = 1) 1) RI = 0, and 2) Either SM2 = 0 or the received ninth data bit = 1 If either of these conditions is not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost, and RI is not set. If both conditions are met, the received ninth data bit goes into RB8, and the first eight data bits go into SBUF. One bit time later, whether the above conditions were met or not, the unit continues looking for a 1-to-0 transition at the RXD input. Note that the value of the received stop bit is irrelevant to SBUF, RB8, or RI. 22 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® IS89LV51 INTERNAL BUS WRITE TO SBUF S D Q CL RXD P3.0 ALT OUTPUT FUNCTION SBUF SHIFT ZERO DETECTOR START SHIFT TX CONTROL S6 TX CLOCK SEND SERIAL PORT INTERRUPT RI RX CLOCK REN RI TXD P3.1 ALT OUTPUT FUNCTION SHIFT CLOCK RECEIVE RX CONTROL SHIFT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 START RXD P3.0 ALT INPUT FUNCTION INPUT SHIFT REG. LOAD SBUF SHIFT SBUF READ SBUF IS89LV51 INTERNAL BUS S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 ALE WRITE TO SBUF SEND S6P2 SHIFT RXD (DOUT) D0 D1 D2 D3 D5 D4 D6 D7 TRANSMIT TXD (SHIFT CLOCK) S6P1 S3P1 TI WRITE TO SCON (CLEAR RI) RI RECEIVE SHIFT RXD (DIN) RECEIVE D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 S5P2 TXD (SHIFT CLOCK) Figure 12. Serial Port Mode 0 Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 23 ISSI IS89LV51 ® IS89LV51 INTERNAL BUS TB8 TIMER 1 OVERFLOW TIMER 2 OVERFLOW WRITE TO SBUF 2 S D Q CL SMOD =1 SMOD =0 SBUF TXD ZERO DETECTOR "0" "1" SHIFT DATA TX CONTROL RX CLOCK SEND TI START TCLK 16 "1" "0" SERIAL PORT INTERRUPT RCLK 16 SAMPLE LOAD SBUF SHIFT 1FFH RI RX CLOCK 1-TO-0 TRANSITION DETECTOR RX CONTROL START BIT DETECTOR INPUT SHIFT REG. (9 BITS) RXD LOAD SBUF SHIFT SBUF READ SBUF IS89LV51 INTERNAL BUS TX CLOCK WRITE TO SBUF SEND S1P1 DATA TRANSMIT SHIFT START BIT TXD D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 STOP BIT D7 TI RECEIVE RX CLOCK 16 RESET RXD START BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 STOP BIT BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIMES SHIFT RI Figure 13. Serial Port Mode 1 24 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® IS89LV51 INTERNAL BUS TB8 WRITE TO SBUF S D Q CL SBUF TXD ZERO DETECTOR PHASE 2 CLOCK (1/2 fOSC) START STOP BIT GEN SHIFT DATA TX CONTROL TX CLOCK SEND TI MODE 2 16 SMOD 1 2 SERIAL PORT INTERRUPT SMOD 0 16 (SMOD IS PCON. 7) SAMPLE 1-TO-0 TRANSITION DETECTOR START LOAD SBUF SHIFT 1FFH RI RX CLOCK RX CONTROL BIT DETECTOR INPUT SHIFT REG. (9 BITS) RXD LOAD SBUF SHIFT SBUF READ SBUF IS89LV51 INTERNAL BUS TX CLOCK WRITE TO SBUF SEND S1P1 DATA TRANSMIT SHIFT START BIT TXD D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D2 D3 D4 D7 TB8 STOP BIT D6 D7 TI STOP BIT GEN RX CLOCK RXD RECEIVE 16 RESET START BIT D0 D1 D5 RB8 STOP BIT BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIMES SHIFT RI Figure 14. Serial Port Mode 2 Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 25 ISSI IS89LV51 ® IS89LV51 INTERNAL BUS TB8 TIMER 1 OVERFLOW TIMER 2 OVERFLOW WRITE TO SBUF 2 S D Q CL SMOD =1 SMOD =0 SBUF TXD ZERO DETECTOR "0" "1" SHIFT DATA TX CONTROL TX CLOCK SEND TI START TCLK 16 "0" SERIAL PORT INTERRUPT "1" RCLK 16 SAMPLE START LOAD SBUF SHIFT 1FFH RI RX CLOCK 1-TO-0 TRANSITION DETECTOR RX CONTROL BIT DETECTOR INPUT SHIFT REG. (9 BITS) RXD LOAD SBUF SHIFT SBUF READ SBUF IS89LV51 INTERNAL BUS TX CLOCK WRITE TO SBUF SEND S1P1 DATA TRANSMIT SHIFT START BIT TXD D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 TB8 STOP BIT D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 TI STOP BIT GEN RX CLOCK RXD RECEIVE 16 RESET START BIT D0 D1 D2 RB8 STOP BIT BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIMES SHIFT RI Figure 15. Serial Port Mode 3 26 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® INTERRUPT SYSTEM The Serial Port Interrupt is generated by the logical OR of RI and TI. Neither of these flags is cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored to. In fact, the service routine normally must determine whether RI or TI generated the interrupt, and the bit must be cleared in software. The IS89LV51 provides six interrupt sources: two external interrupts, two timer interrupts, and a serial port interrupt. These are shown in Figure 16. The External Interrupts INT0 and INT1 can each be either level-activated or transition-activated, depending on bits IT0 and IT1 in Register TCON. The flags that actually generate these interrupts are the IE0 and IE1 bits in TCON. When the service routine is vectored, hardware clears the flag that generated an external interrupt only if the interrupt was transition-activated. If the interrupt was level-activated, then the external requesting source (rather than the on-chip hardware) controls the request flag. All of the bits that generate interrupts can be set or cleared by software, with the same result as though they had been set or cleared by hardware. That is, interrupts can be generated and pending interrupts can be canceled in software. Each of these interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in Special Function Register IE (interrupt enable) at address 0A8H. As well as individual enable bits for each interrupt source, there is a global enable/disable bit that is cleared to disable all interrupts or set to turn on interrupts (see SFR IE). The Timer 0 and Timer 1 Interrupts are generated by TF0 and TF1, which are set by a rollover in their respective Timer/Counter registers (except for Timer 0 in Mode 3). When a timer interrupt is generated, the on-chip hardware clears the flag that generated it when the service routine is vectored to. POLLING HARDWARE TCON.1 INT0 IE.0 IE.7 HIGH PRIORITY INTERRUPT REQUEST IP.0 EXTERNAL INT RQST 0 IE0 EX0 PX0 TCON.5 IE.1 IP.1 TF0 ET0 PT0 TCON.3 IE.2 IP.2 IE1 EX1 PX1 TCON.7 IE.3 IP.3 TF1 ET1 PT1 SCON.0 INTERNAL RI SERIAL SCON.1 PORT TI IE.4 IP.4 TIMER/COUNTER 0 INT1 SOURCE I.D. VECTOR EXTERNAL INT RQST 1 TIMER/COUNTER 1 ES EA LOW PRIORITY INTERRUPT REQUEST PS SOURCE I.D. VECTOR Figure 16. Interrupt System Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 27 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Priority Level Structure interrupt system will generate an LCALL to the appropriate service routine, provided this hardware generated LCALL is not blocked by any of the following conditions: Each interrupt source can also be individually programmed to one of two priority levels by setting or clearing a bit in Special Function Register IP (interrupt priority) at address 0B8H. IP is cleared after a system reset to place all interrupts at the lower priority level by default. A lowpriority interrupt can be interrupted by a high-priority interrupt but not by another low-priority interrupt. A highpriority interrupt can not be interrupted by any other interrupt source. 1. An interrupt of equal or higher priority level is already in progress. 2. The current (polling) cycle is not the final cycle in the execution of the instruction in progress. 3. The instruction in progress is RETI or any write to the IE or IP registers. If two requests of different priority levels are received simultaneously, the request of higher priority level is serviced. If requests of the same priority level are received simultaneously, an internal polling sequence determines which request is serviced. Thus, within each priority level there is a second priority structure determined by the polling sequence, as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Source IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI + TI Any of these three conditions will block the generation of the LCALL to the interrupt service routine. Condition 2 ensures that the instruction in progress will be completed before vectoring to any service routine. Condition 3 ensures that if the instruction in progress is RETI or any access to IE or IP, then at least one more instruction will be executed before any interrupt is vectored to. Priority Within Level (Highest) The polling cycle is repeated with each machine cycle, and the values polled are the values that were present at S5P2 of the previous machine cycle. If an active interrupt flag is not being serviced because of one of the above conditions and is not still active when the blocking condition is removed, the denied interrupt will not be serviced. In other words, the fact that the interrupt flag was once active but not serviced is not remembered. Every polling cycle is new. The polling cycle/LCALL sequence is illustrated in Figure 17. (Lowest) Note that the "priority within level" structure is only used to resolve simultaneous requests of the same priority level. How Interrupts Are Handled Note that if an interrupt of higher priority level goes active prior to S5P2 of the machine cycle labeled C3 in Figure 17, then in accordance with the above rules it will be serviced during C5 and C6, without any instruction of the lower priority routine having been executed. The interrupt flags are sampled at S5P2 of every machine cycle. The samples are polled during the following machine cycle. If one of the flags was in a set condition at S5P2 of the preceding cycle, the polling cycle will find it and the S5P2 C1 S6 E INTERRUPT GOES ACTIVE INTERRUPT LATCHED C2 C3 INTERRUPTS ARE POLLED C4 C5 LONG CALL TO INTERRUPT VECTOR ADDRESS INTERRUPT ROUTINE Figure 17. Interrupt Response Timing Diagram 28 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 Thus, the processor acknowledges an interrupt request by executing a hardware-generated LCALL to the appropriate servicing routine. In some cases it also clears the flag that generated the interrupt, and in other cases it does not. It never clears the Serial Port flags. This must be done in the user's software. The processor clears an external interrupt flag (IE0 or IE1) only if it was transition-activated. The hardware-generated LCALL pushes the contents of the Program Counter onto the stack (but it does not save the PSW) and reloads the PC with an address that depends on the source of the interrupt being serviced, as shown in the following table. Interrupt Source INT0 Timer 0 INT1 Timer 1 Serial Port System Reset Interrupt Request Bits IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI, TI RST Cleared by Hardware No (level) Yes (trans.) Yes No (level) Yes (trans.) Yes No Vector Address 0003H 000BH 0013H 001BH 0023H 0000H Execution proceeds from that location until the RETI instruction is encountered. The RETI instruction informs the processor that this interrupt routine is no longer in progress, then pops the top two bytes from the stack and reloads the Program Counter. Execution of the interrupted program continues from where it left off. Note that a simple RET instruction would also have returned execution to the interrupted program, but it would have left the interrupt control system thinking an interrupt was still in progress. Interrupt External 0 External 1 Timer 1 Timer 0 Serial Port Serial Port Flag IE0 IE1 TF1 TF0 TI RI SFR Register and Bit Position TCON.1 TCON.3 TCON.7 TCON.5 SCON.1 SCON.0 Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ® When an interrupt is accepted, the following action occurs: 1. The current instruction completes operation. 2. The PC is saved on the stack. 3. The current interrupt status is saved internally. 4. Interrupts are blocked at the level of the interrupts. 5. The PC is loaded with the vector address of the ISR (interrupts service routine). 6. The ISR executes. The ISR executes and takes action in response to the interrupt. The ISR finishes with RETI (return from interrupt) instruction. This retrieves the old value of the PC from the stack and restores the old interrupt status. Execution of the main program continues where it left off. External Interrupts The external sources can be programmed to be levelactivated or transition-activated by setting or clearing bit IT1 or IT0 in Register TCON. If ITx= 0, external interrupt x is triggered by a detected low at the INTx pin. If ITx = 1, external interrupt x is edge-triggered. In this mode if successive samples of the INTx pin show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, interrupt request flag IEx in TCON is set. Flag bit IEx then requests the interrupt. Since the external interrupt pins are sampled once each machine cycle, an input high or low should hold for at least 12 oscillator periods to ensure sampling. If the external interrupt is transition-activated, the external source has to hold the request pin high for at least one machine cycle, and then hold it low for at least one machine cycle to ensure that the transition is seen so that interrupt request flag IEx will be set. IEx will be automatically cleared by the CPU when the service routine is called. If the external interrupt is level-activated, the external source has to hold the request active until the requested interrupt is actually generated. Then the external source must deactivate the request before the interrupt service routine is completed, or else another interrupt will be generated. 29 ISSI IS89LV51 Response Time The INT0 and INT1 levels are inverted and latched into the interrupt flags IE0 and IE1 at S5P2 of every machine cycle. Similarly, the Serial Port flags RI and TI are set at S5P2. The values are not actually polled by the circuitry until the next machine cycle. The Timer 0 and Timer 1 flags, TF0 and TF1, are set at S5P2 of the cycle in which the timers overflow. The values are then polled by the circuitry in the next cycle. If a request is active and conditions are right for it to be acknowledged, a hardware subroutine call to the requested service routine will be the next instruction executed. The call itself takes two cycles. Thus, a minimum of three complete machine cycles elapsed between activation of an external interrupt request and the beginning of execution of the first instruction of the service routine. Figure 16 shows response timings. A longer response time results if the request is blocked by one of the three previously listed conditions. If an interrupt of equal or higher priority level is already in progress, the additional wait time depends on the nature of the other interrupt's service routine. If the instruction in progress is not in its final cycle, the additional wait time cannot be more than three cycles, since the longest instructions (MUL and DIV) are only four cycles long. If the instruction in progress is RETI or an access to IE or IP, the additional wait time cannot be more than five cycles (a maximum of one more cycle to complete the instruction in progress, plus four cycles to complete the next instruction if the instruction is MUL or DIV). ® Single-Step Operation The IS89LV51 interrupt structure allows single-step execution with very little software overhead. As previously noted, an interrupt request will not be serviced while an interrupt of equal priority level is still in progress, nor will it be serviced after RETI until at least one other instruction has been executed. Thus, once an interrupt routine has been entered, it cannot be re-entered until at least one instruction of the interrupted program is executed. One way to use this feature for single-step operation is to program one of the external interrupts (for example, INT0) to be level-activated. The service routine for the interrupt will terminate with the following code: JNB P3.2,$ ;Wait Here Till INT0 Goes High JB P3.2,$ ;Now Wait Here Till it Goes Low RETI ;Go Back and Execute One Instruction If the INT0 pin, which is also the P3.2 pin, is held normally low, the CPU will go right into the External Interrupt 0 routine and stay there until INT0 is pulsed (from low-tohigh-to-low). Then it will execute RETI, go back to the task program, execute one instruction, and immediately reenter the External Interrupt 0 routine to await the next pulsing of P3.2. One step of the task program is executed each time P3.2 is pulsed. Thus, in a single-interrupt system, the response time is always more than three cycles and less than nine cycles. 30 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 OTHER INFORMATION ® Table 9. Reset Values of the SFR's SFR Name PC ACC B PSW SP DPTR P0-P3 IP IE TMOD TCON TH0 TL0 TH1 TL1 SCON SBUF PCON Reset The reset input is the RST pin, which is the input to a Schmitt Trigger. A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin high for at least two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods), while the oscillator is running. The CPU responds by generating an internal reset, with the timing shown in Figure 18. The external reset signal is asynchronous to the internal clock. The RST pin is sampled during State 5 Phase 2 of every machine cycle. The port pins will maintain their current activities for 19 oscillator periods after a logic 1 has been sampled at the RST pin; that is, for 19 to 31 oscillator periods after the external reset signal has been applied to the RST pin. The internal reset algorithm writes 0s to all the SFRs except the port latches, the Stack Pointer, and SBUF. The port latches are initialized to FFH, the Stack Pointer to 07H, and SBUF is indeterminate. Table 9 lists the SFRs and their reset values. Then internal RAM is not affected by reset. On power-up the RAM content is indeterminate. Reset Value 0000H 00H 00H 00H 07H 0000H FFH XXX00000B 0XX00000B 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H Indeterminate 0XXX0000B 12 OSC. PERIODS S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 RST INTERNAL RESET SIGNAL SAMPLE RST SAMPLE RST ALE PSEN P0 INST ADDR INST ADDR INST ADDR INST ADDR INST ADDR 19 OSC. PERIODS 11 OSC. PERIODS Figure 18. Reset Timing Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 31 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Power-on Reset For the IS89LV51, the external resistor can be removed because the RST pin has an internal pulldown. The capacitor value can then be reduced to 1 µF (see Figure 19). When power is turned on, the circuit holds the RST pin high for an amount of time that depends on the value of the capacitor and the rate at which it charges. To ensure a good reset, the RST pin must be high long enough to allow the oscillator time to start-up (normally a few msec) plus two machine cycles. Vcc 1.0 µF + Vcc IS89LV51 RST Note that the port pins will be in a random state until the oscillator has start and the internal reset algorithm has written 1s to them. With this circuit, reducing VCC quickly to 0 causes the RST pin voltage to momentarily fall below 0V. However, this voltage is internally limited and will not harm the device. GND Figure 19. Power-On Reset Circuit 32 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Power-Saving Modes of Operation The IS89LV51 has two power-reducing modes. Idle and Power-down. The input through which backup power is supplied during these operations is Vcc. Figure 20 shows the internal circuitry which implements these features. In the Idle mode (IDL = 1), the oscillator continues to run and the Interrupt, Serial Port, and Timer blocks continue to be clocked, but the clock signal is gated off to the CPU. In Power-down (PD = 1), the oscillator is frozen. The Idle and Power-down modes are activated by setting bits in Special Function Register PCON. XTAL 2 XTAL 1 OSC INTERRUPT, SERIAL PORT, TIMER BLOCKS CLOCK GEN CPU PD IDL Idle Mode An instruction that sets PCON.0 is the last instruction executed before the Idle mode begins. In the Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to the CPU, but not to the Interrupt, Timer, and Serial Port functions. The CPU status is preserved in its entirety; the Stack Pointer, Program Counter, Program Status Word, Accumulator, and all other registers maintain their data during Idle. The port pins hold the logical states they had at the time Idle was activated. ALE and PSEN hold at logic high levels. There are two ways to terminate the Idle. Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause PCON.0 to be cleared by hardware, terminating the Idle mode. The interrupt will be serviced, and following RETI the next instruction to be executed will be the one following the instruction that put the device into Idle. The flag bits GF0 and GF1 can be used to indicate whether an interrupt occurred during normal operation or during an Idle. For example, an instruction that activates Idle can also set one or both flag bits. When Idle is terminated by an interrupt, the interrupt service routine can examine the flag bits. Figure 20. Idle and Power-Down Hardware Power-down Mode An instruction that sets PCON.1 is the last instruction executed before Power-down mode begins. In the Powerdown mode, the on-chip oscillator stops. With the clock frozen, all functions are stopped, but the on-chip RAM and Special function Registers are held. The port pins output the values held by their respective SFRs. ALE and PSEN output lows. In the Power-down mode of operation, Vcc can be reduced to as low as 2V. However, Vcc must not be reduced before the Power-down mode is invoked, and Vcc must be restored to its normal operating level before the Power-down mode is terminated. The reset that terminates Power-down also frees the oscillator. The reset should not be activated before Vcc is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough to allow the oscillator to restart and stabilize (normally less than 10 msec). The only exit from Power-down is a hardware reset. Reset redefines all the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM. The other way of terminating the Idle mode is with a hardware reset. Since the clock oscillator is still running, the hardware reset must be held active for only two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) to complete the reset. The signal at the RST pin clears the IDL bit directly and asynchronously. At this time, the CPU resumes program execution from where it left off; that is, at the instruction following the one that invoked the Idle Mode. As shown in Figure 18, two or three machine cycles of program execution may take place before the internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to the internal RAM during his time, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of unexpected outputs at the port pins, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not write to a port pin or to external data RAM. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 33 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Table 10. Status of the External Pins During Idle and Power-down Modes. Mode Memory ALE PSEN PORT 0 PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 Idle Internal 1 1 Data Data Data Data Idle External 1 1 Float Data Address Data Power-down Internal 0 0 Data Data Data Data Power-down External 0 0 Float Data Data Data On-Chip Oscillators The on-chip oscillator circuitry of the IS89LV51 is a single stage inverter, intended for use as a crystal-controlled, positive reactance oscillator. In this application the crystal is operated in its fundamental response mode as an inductive reactance in parallel resonance with capacitance external to the crystal (Figure 21). Examples of how to drive the clock with external oscillator are shown in Figure 22. The crystal specifications and capacitance values (C1 and C2 in Figure 21) are not critical. 20 pF to 30 pF can be used in these positions at a 12 MHz to 24 MHz frequency with good quality crystals. (For ranges greater than 24 MHz refer to Figure 23.) A ceramic resonator can be used in place of the crystal in cost-sensitive applications. When a ceramic resonator is used, C1 and C2 are normally selected to be of somewhat higher values. The manufacturer of the ceramic resonator should be consulted for recommendation on the values of these capacitors. C2 XTAL2 C1 XTAL1 GND Figure 21. Oscillator Connections 34 NC EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR SIGNAL XTAL2 XTAL1 GND Figure 22. External Clock Drive Configuration 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 XTAL2 ® XTAL1 R C2 C1 Figure 23. Oscillator Connections for High Speed (> 24 MHz) Note: When the frequency is higher than 24 MHz, please refer to Table 11 for recommended values of C1, C2, and R. Table 11. Recommended Value for C1, C2, R C1 C2 R Frequency Range 3.5 MHz - 24 MHz 30 MHz - 40 MHz 20 pF-30 pF 3 pF-10 pF 20 pF-30 pF 3 pF-10 pF Not Apply 6.2K-10K Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 35 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Program Memory Lock System The program lock system, when programmed, protects the code against software piracy. The IS89LV51 has a three-level program lock system (see Table 12). The lockbits are programmed in the same manner as the program memory. The detailed lock-bits features are listed in Table 12. Table 12. Program Lock Bits 1 2 LB1 U P LB2 U U LB3 U U 3 4 P P P P U P Protection Type No Program Lock Features enabled. MOVC instructions executed from external program memory are diabled form fetching code bytes from internal memory, EA is sampled and latched on Reset and further programming of the Flash is disabled. Same as 2, also verify is disabled. Same as 3, also external execution is disabled. FLASH MEMORY Programming the IS89LV51 Programming Interface The IS89LV51 is normally shipped with the on-chip Flash memory array in the erased state (i.e., contents = FFH) and ready to be programmed. The IS89LV51 is programmed byte-by-byte in programming mode. Before the on-chip flash code memory can be re-programmed, the entire memory array must be erased electrically. Every code byte in the Flash array can be written and the entire array can be erased using the appropriate combination of control signals. The write operation cycles is self-timed once initiated, will automatically time itself to completion. The programming interface is shown in Table 13 and Figures 24 and 25. Table 13. Flash Programming Mode RST PSEN EA/VPP P2.6 P2.7 P3.6 P3.7 Program Code Data H L 12V L H H H Verify Code Data H L H L L H H Program Lock Bit 1 H L 12V H H H H Program Lock Bit 2 H L 12V H H L L Program Lock Bit 3 H L 12V H L H L Read Signature Byte H L H L L L L Chip Erase H L 12V H L L L Mode ALE/PROG 36 H H 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 + 5V IS89LV51 A0-A7 P1 A11-A8 P2.0-P2.3 ® Vcc P2.6 P0 PGM DATA ALE PROG P2.7 CONTROL SIGNALS P3.6 EA VPP RST VIH P3.7 XTAL2 3.5-12 MHz XTAL1 GND PSEN Figure 24. Programming the Flash Memory + 5V IS89LV51 A0-A7 P1 A12-A8 P2.0-P2.4 Vcc P0 P2.6 CONTROL SIGNALS ALE VIH P2.7 P3.6 PGM DATA (USE 10K PULLUPS) EA P3.7 XTAL2 RST VIH 3.5-12 MHz XTAL1 GND PSEN Figure 25. Verifying the Flash Memory Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 37 ISSI IS89LV51 ® Programming Algorithm Erasing Chip Before programming the IS89LV51, the control signals, the address, data should be setup according to the programming mode table and programming interface. To program the IS89LV51, the following sequence should be followed: 1. Insert the desired memory location on the address bus. 2. Insert the appropriate data byte on the data bus. 3. Active the correct combination of control signals. 4. Raise EA / VPP to 12V. 5. Pulse ALE / PROG once to program a byte in the Flash array, Encryption array or the lock bits. 6. Set EA / VPP to 5 V and verify data. If the data is correct then execute step 7, otherwise execute steps 1-6. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6, changing the address and data for the entire array or until the end of the object file is reached. All Flash memory cells must be programmed to '00' (include encryption array and lock bits) before the chip is erased. The entire Flash array is erased electrically by using the proper combination of control signals and by holding ALE/ PROG low for tGLGHE duration (See Table 14. Flash Programming and Verification Characteristics for tGLGHE value.) After the chip is erased, the code array and lock bits are written with all “1”s. If any Flash memory cell is not '1' (including lock bits), repeat the chip erase again. The chip erase operation must be executed successfully before the code memory can be re-programmed. Reading the Signature Bytes The signature bytes are read by the same procedure as a normal verification of locations 030H, 031H and 032H, except that P3.6 and P3.7 need to be pulled to a logic low. The values returned are: Program Verify If lock bits LB1, LB2 and LB3 have not been programmed, the programmed code data can be read back via the address and data lines for verification. The lock bits cannot be verified directly. Verification of lock bits is achieved by observing that their features are enabled. To verify the data after all addresses are programmed completely, power down the IS89LV51 and then reapply power. The programmed data can then be verified by applying the verify signals to the device. 38 Signature Location (030H) (031H) (032H) Value D5H indicates manufactured by ISSI 52H indicates IS89LV51 FFH indicates programming voltage is 12V 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® FLASH PROGRAMMING AND VERIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS AND WAVEFORMS Table 14. Flash Programming and Verification Characteristics(1) Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit VPP 1/tCLCL tAVGL tGHAX tDVGL tGHDX tEHSH tSHGL tGHSL tGLGH tGHGL tAVQV tELQV tEHQZ tGLGHE tELPL tPLPH tPHEH tEHVH Programming Supply Voltage Oscillator Frequency Address Setup to PROG Low Address Hold after PROG Data Setup to PROG Low Data Hold after PROG COND ENABLE to VPPH VPPH Setup to PROG Low VPPH Hold after PROG PROG Pulse Width PROG High to PROG Low Address to Data Valid COND ENABLE to Data Valid Data Float after COND DISABLE Erase PROG Pulse Width COND DISABLE to Power Low Power Off Time Power On to VPPL VPPL to COND ENABLE 11.5 3.5 48 48 48 48 48 10 10 120 10 — — — 200 0 10 10 0 12.5 12 — — — — — — — — — 48 48 48 — — — — — V MHz tCLCL tCLCL tCLCL tCLCL tCLCL µs µs µs µs tCLCL tCLCL tCLCL ms ns µs ms ns Notes: 1. TA = 21°C to 27°C, Vcc = 5.0V ± 10%. 2. COND ENABLE and COND DISABLE are generated and depend on the control signals on pins P2.6, P2.7, P3.6 and P3.7. The signals set the device in to and out of different processing conditions, such as programming condition, erasing condition, and verify condition. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 39 ISSI IS89LV51 P2.3-P2.0 P1.7-P1.0 ADDRESS tAVGL ADDRESS tGHAX P0.7-P0.0 tAVQV DATAIN tDVGL ® DATAOUT tGHDX VPPH VPPL EA/VPP tGHSL tSHGL 0V 25 PULSE(1) tGLGH ALE/PROG tGHGL tEHSH P2.6, P2.7 P3.6, P3.7 DON'T CARE tELQV tELQZ VERIFY COND.(2) PROGRAMMING COND. DON'T CARE Figure 26. Flash Memory Programming and Verification Timing Waveform Notes: 1. One pulse for the main code array, 25 pulses for the encryption array and lock bits. 2. This verify condition is using at main code verification. 3. Power off waveform not shown. Vcc 0V tPLPH tELPL P2.3-P2.0 P1.7-P1.0 ADDRESS 0V tAVQV P0.7-P0.0 DATAOUT 0V VPPH 0V EA/VPP tPHEH VPPL 0V tGHSL tSHGL ALE/PROG 0V tGLGHE tEHSH P2.6, P2.7 P3.6, P3.7 DON'T CARE tELQV tEHQZ tEHVH ERASE COND. 0V VERIFY COND. DON'T CARE Figure 27. Flash Memory Erase Timing Waveform Note: 1. The power off and power on waveform can be used in programming or erasing. 40 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1) Symbol VTERM TBIAS TSTG PT Parameter Terminal Voltage with Respect to GND(2) Temperature Under Bias(3) Storage Temperature Power Dissipation Value –2.0 to +7.0 –40 to +85 –65 to +125 1.5 Unit V °C °C W Note: 1. Stress greater than those listed under ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect reliability. 2. Minimum DC input voltage is –0.5V. During transitions, inputs may undershoot to – 2.0V for periods less than 20 ns. Maximum DC voltage on output pins is Vcc + 0.5V which may overshoot to Vcc + 2.0V for periods less than 20 ns. 3. Operating temperature is for commercial products only defined by this specification. OPERATING RANGE(1) Range Commercial Industrial Ambient Temperature 0°C to +70°C VCC 3.3V to 5V ± 10% Oscillator Frequency 3.5 to 40 MHz –40°C to +85°C 3.3V to 5V ± 10% 3.5 to 40 MHz Note: 1. Operating ranges define those limits between which the functionality of the device is guaranteed. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 41 ISSI IS89LV51 ® DC CHARACTERISTICS (Over Operating Range; GND = 0V) Symbol Parameter Test conditions Input low voltage (All except EA) VIL VIL1 Input low voltage (EA) VIH Input high voltage (All except XTAL 1, RST) Min Max Unit –0.5 0.2Vcc – 0.1 V –0.5 0.2Vcc – 0.3 V 0.2Vcc + 0.9 Vcc + 0.5 V VIH1 Input high voltage (XTAL 1) 0.7Vcc Vcc + 0.5 V VSCH+ RST positive schmitt-trigger threshold voltage 0.7Vcc Vcc + 0.5 V VSCH– RST negative schmitt-trigger threshold voltage 0 0.2Vcc V VOL(1) Output low voltage Iol = 100 µA — 0.3 V (Ports 1, 2, 3) IOL = 1.6 mA — 0.45 V IOL = 3.5 mA — 1.0 V Output low voltage IOL = 200 µA — 0.3 V (Port 0, ALE, PSEN) IOL = 3.2 mA — 0.45 V (1) VOL1 IOL = 7.0 mA VOH VOH1 Output high voltage (Ports 1, 2, 3, ALE, PSEN) Output high voltage (Port 0, ALE, PSEN) — 1.0 V IOH = –10 µA Vcc = 4.5V-5.5V 0.9Vcc — V IOL = –25 µA 0.75Vcc — V IOL = –60 µA 2.4 — V IOH = –80 µA Vcc = 4.5V-5.5V 0.9Vcc — V IOH = –300 µA 0.75Vcc — V IOH = –800 µA 2.4 — V — –80 µA –10 +10 µA — –650 µA 50 300 KΩ IIL Logical 0 input current (Ports 1, 2, 3) VIN = 0.45V ILI Input leakage current (Port 0) 0.45V < VIN < Vcc ITL Logical 1-to-0 transition current (Ports 1, 2, 3) VIN = 2.0V RRST RST pulldown resister Note: 1. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, IOL must be externally limited as follows: Maximum IOL per port pin: 10 mA Maximum IOL per 8-bit port Port 0: 26 mA Ports 1, 2, 3: 15 mA Maximum total IOL for all output pins: 71 mA If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink greater than the listed test conditions. 42 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS Symbol Parameter Icc Test conditions Power supply current (1) Min Max Unit 12 MHz — 20 mA 16 MHz — 26 mA 20 MHz — 32 mA 24 MHz — 38 mA 32 MHz — 50 mA 40 MHz — 62 mA 12 MHz — 5 mA 16 MHz — 6 mA 20 MHz — 7.6 mA 24 MHz — 9 mA 32 MHz — 12 mA 40 MHz — 15 mA VCC = 5V — 50 µA Vcc = 5.0V Active mode Idle mode Power-down mode Note: 1. See Figures 28, 29, 30, and 31 for Icc test conditiions. Vcc Vcc Vcc Icc Icc RST RST Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc NC XTAL2 CLOCK SIGNAL XTAL1 GND P0 EA NC XTAL2 CLOCK SIGNAL XTAL1 GND Figure 28. Active Mode P0 EA Figure 29. Idle Mode Vcc Icc RST Vcc Vcc NC XTAL2 P0 XTAL1 GND EA Figure 30. Power-down Mode Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 43 ISSI IS89LV51 tCLCX Vcc – 0.5V 0.45V ® tCHCX 0.7Vcc 0.2Vcc – 0.1 tCHCL tCLCH tCLCL Figure 31. Icc Test Conditions Note: 1. Clock signal waveform for Icc tests in active and idle mode (tCLCH = tCHCL = 5 ns) AC CHARACTERISTICS (Over Operating Range; GND = 0V; CL for Port 0, ALE and PSEN Outputs = 100 pF; CL for Other Outputs = 80 pF) EXTERNAL MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS Symbol 1/tCLCL tLHLL tAVLL tLLAX tLLIV tLLPL tPLPH tPLIV tPXIX tPXIZ tAVIV tPLAZ tRLRH tWLWH tRLDV tRHDX tRHDZ tLLDV tAVDV tLLWL tAVWL tQVWX tWHQX tRLAZ tWHLH 44 Parameter Oscillator frequency ALE pulse width Address valid to ALE low Address hold after ALE low ALE low to valid instr in ALE low to PSEN low PSEN pulse width PSEN low to valid instr in Input instr hold after PSEN Input instr float after PSEN Address to valid instr in PSEN low to address float RD pulse width WR pulse width RD low to valid data in Data hold after RD Data float after RD ALE low to valid data in Address to valid data in ALE low to RD or WR low Address to RD or WR low Data valid to WR transition Data hold after WR RD low to address float RD or WR high to ALE high 24 MHz Clock Min Max — — 68 — 26 — 31 — — 147 31 — 110 — — 105 0 — — 37 — 188 — 10 230 — 230 — — 157 0 — — 78 — 282 — 323 105 145 146 — 26 — 31 — — 0 26 57 40 MHz Clock Min Max — — 35 — 10 — 15 — — 80 15 — 60 — — 55 0 — — 20 — 105 — 10 130 — 130 — — 90 0 — — 45 — 165 — 190 55 95 80 — 10 — 15 — — 0 10 40 Variable Oscillator (3.5 - 40 MHz) Min Max 3.5 40 2tCLCL–15 — tCLCL–15 — tCLCL–10 — — 4tCLCL–20 tCLCL–10 — 3tCLCL–15 — — 3tCLCL–20 0 — — tCLCL–5 — 5tCLCL–20 — 10 6tCLCL–20 — 6tCLCL–20 — — 4tCLCL–10 0 — — 2tCLCL–5 — 7tCLCL–10 — 8tCLCL–10 3tCLCL–20 3tCLCL+20 4tCLCL–20 — tCLCL–15 — tCLCL–10 — — 0 tCLCL–15 tCLCL+15 Unit MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® SERIAL PORT TIMING: SHIFT REGISTER MODE Symbol tXLXL tQVXH tXHQX tXHDX tXHDV Parameter Serial port clock cycle time Output data setup to clock rising edge Output data hold after clock rising edge Input data hold after clock rising edge Clock rising edge to input data valid 24 MHz Clock Min Max 490 510 406 — 40 MHz Clock Min Max 290 310 240 — Variable Oscillator (3.5-40 MHz) Min Max 12tCLCL–10 12tCLCL+10 10tCLCL–10 — Unit ns ns 73 — 40 — 2tCLCL–10 — ns 0 — 0 — 0 — ns — 417 — 250 — 10tCLCL ns Max 40 — — 10 10 Unit MHz ns ns ns ns EXTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE CHARACTERISTICS Symbol 1/tCLCL tCHCX tCLCX tCLCH tCHCL Parameter Oscillator Frequency High time Low time Rise time Fall time Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 Min 3.5 10 10 — — 45 ISSI IS89LV51 ® TIMING WAVEFORMS tLHLL ALE tLLPL tPLPH tPLIV tAVLL PSEN tPLAZ tLLAX PORT 0 A7-A0 tPXIX tPXIZ INSTR IN A7-A0 tLLIV tAVIV PORT 2 A15-A8 A15-A8 Figure 32. External Program Memory Read Cycle ALE tWHLH PSEN tLLDV tLLWL RD PORT 0 tAVLL tRLAZ tLLAX tRLRH tRHDZ tRLDV tRHDX A7-A0 FROM RI OR DPL DATA IN A7-A0 FROM PCL INSTR IN tAVWL tAVDV PORT 2 A15-A8 FROM DPH A15-A8 FROM PCH Figure 33. External Data Memory Read Cycle 46 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 ISSI IS89LV51 ® ALE tWHLH PSEN tLLWL WR tWLWH tAVLL PORT 0 tWHQX tQVWX tLLAX A7-A0 FROM RI OR DPL DATA OUT A7-A0 FROM PCL INSTR IN tAVWL PORT 2 A15-A8 FROM DPH A15-A8 FROM PCH Figure 34. External Data Memory Write Cycle INSTRUCTION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ALE tXLXL CLOCK tXHQX tQVXH 0 DATAOUT 1 2 tXHDX tXHDV DATAIN VALID VALID 3 4 5 6 7 SET TI VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID SET RI Figure 35. Shift Register Mode Timing Waveform tCLCX Vcc – 0.5V 0.45V tCHCX 0.7Vcc 0.2Vcc – 0.1 tCHCL tCLCH tCLCL Figure 36. External Clock Drive Waveform Vcc - 0.5V 0.2Vcc + 0.9V 0.2Vcc - 0.1V 0.45V Figure 37. AC Test Point Note: 1. AC inputs during testing are driven at VCC – 0.5V for logic “1” and 0.45V for logic “0”. Timing measurements are made at VIH min for logic “1” and max for logic “0”. Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. — 1-800-379-4774 ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98 47 ISSI IS89LV51 ® ORDERING INFORMATION Commercial Range: 0°C to +70°C Speed 12 MHz 20 MHz 24 MHz 40 MHz Order Part Number IS89LV51-12PL IS89LV51-12W IS89LV51-12PQ IS89LV51-20PL IS89LV51-20W IS89LV51-20PQ IS89LV51-24PL IS89LV51-24W IS89LV51-24PQ IS89LV51-40PL IS89LV51-40W IS89LV51-40PQ Package PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 600-mil Plastic DIP PQFP PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 600-mil Plastic DIP PQFP PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 600-mil Plastic DIP PQFP PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 600-mil Plastic DIP PQFP ORDERING INFORMATION Industrial Range: –40°C to +85°C Speed 12 MHz 20 MHz 24 MHz 40 MHz Order Part Number IS89LV51-12PLI IS89LV51-12WI IS89LV51-12PQI IS89LV51-20PLI IS89LV51-20WI IS89LV51-20PQI IS89LV51-24PLI IS89LV51-24WI IS89LV51-24PQI IS89LV51-40PLI IS89LV51-40WI IS89LV51-40PQI Package PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 600-mil Plastic DIP PQFP PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 600-mil Plastic DIP PQFP PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 600-mil Plastic DIP PQFP PLCC – Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 600-mil Plastic DIP PQFP ISSI ® Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. 2231 Lawson Lane Santa Clara, CA 95054 Fax: (408) 588-0806 Toll Free: 1-800-379-4774 http://www.issi.com 48 1-800-379-4774 — Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc. ADVANCE INFORMATION MC020-0A 10/27/98