a Y2 +VS FLEXIBILITY OF OPERATION The AD532 multiplies in four quadrants with a transfer function of (X1 – X2)(Y1 – Y2)/10 V, divides in two quadrants with a 10 V Z/(X1 – X2) transfer function, and square roots in one quadrant with a transfer function of ±√ 10 V Z. In addition to these basic functions, the differential X and Y inputs provide significant operating flexibility both for algebraic computation and transducer instrumentation applications. Transfer functions, such as XY/10 V, (X2 – Y2)/10 V, ±X2/10 V, and 10 V Z/(X1 – X2), are easily attained and are extremely useful in many modulation and function generation applications, as well as in trigonometric calculations for airborne navigation and guidance applications, where the monolithic construction and small size of the AD532 offer considerable system advantages. In addition, the high CMRR (75 dB) of the differential inputs makes the AD532 especially well qualified for instrumentation applications, as it can provide an output signal that is the product of two transducergenerated input signals. GND AD532 –VS 3 AD532 12 Y2 TOP VIEW 11 VOS (Not to Scale) 10 NC 5 GND X2 NC 6 9 X2 X1 7 8 NC X1 OUT 13 Y1 NC 4 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) Z –VS Z NC +VS 3 2 1 20 19 Y1 OUT NC = NO CONNECT –VS 4 18 Y2 NC 5 17 NC NC 7 AD532 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 16 VOS 15 NC 14 GND NC 8 X2 10 11 12 13 NC 9 NC The AD532 is the first pretrimmed single chip monolithic multiplier/divider. It guarantees a maximum multiplying error of ± 1.0% and a ± 10 V output voltage without the need for any external trimming resistors or output op amp. Because the AD532 is internally trimmed, its simplicity of use provides design engineers with an attractive alternative to modular multipliers, and its monolithic construction provides significant advantages in size, reliability and economy. Further, the AD532 can be used as a direct replacement for other IC multipliers that require external trim networks. 14 +VS OUT 2 NC 6 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Z 1 VOS Y1 X1 APPLICATIONS Multiplication, Division, Squaring, Square Rooting Algebraic Computation Power Measurements Instrumentation Applications Available in Chip Form PIN CONFIGURATIONS NC FEATURES Pretrimmed to 1.0% (AD532K) No External Components Required Guaranteed 1.0% max 4-Quadrant Error (AD532K) Diff Inputs for (X1 – X2) (Y1 – Y2)/10 V Transfer Function Monolithic Construction, Low Cost Internally Trimmed Integrated Circuit Multiplier AD532 NC = NO CONNECT GUARANTEED PERFORMANCE OVER TEMPERATURE The AD532J and AD532K are specified for maximum multiplying errors of ± 2% and ± 1% of full scale, respectively at 25°C, and are rated for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The AD532S has a maximum multiplying error of ± 1% of full scale at 25°C; it is also 100% tested to guarantee a maximum error of ± 4% at the extended operating temperature limits of –55°C and +125°C. All devices are available in either the hermetically-sealed TO-100 metal can, TO-116 ceramic DIP or LCC packages. J, K, and S grade chips are also available. ADVANTAGES OF ON-THE-CHIP TRIMMING OF THE MONOLITHIC AD532 1. True ratiometric trim for improved power supply rejection. 2. Reduced power requirements since no networks across supplies are required. 3. More reliable since standard monolithic assembly techniques can be used rather than more complex hybrid approaches. 4. High impedance X and Y inputs with negligible circuit loading. 5. Differential X and Y inputs for noise rejection and additional computational flexibility. REV. C Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2001 AD532–SPECIFICATIONS (@ 25C, VS = 15 V, R ≥ 2 k VOS grounded, unless otherwise noted.) Model AD532J Typ Min Max Min AD532K Typ Max Min AD532S Typ Max Unit MULTIPLIER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function Total Error (–10 V ≤ X, Y ≤ +10 V) TA = Min to Max Total Error vs. Temperature Supply Rejection (± 15 V ± 10%) Nonlinearity, X (X = 20 V p-p, Y = 10 V) Nonlinearity, Y (Y = 20 V p-p, X = 10 V) Feedthrough, X (Y Nulled, X = 20 V p-p 50 Hz) Feedthrough, Y (X Nulled, Y = 20 V p-p 50 Hz) Feedthrough vs. Temperature Feedthrough vs. Power Supply DYNAMICS Small Signal BW (VOUT = 0.1 rms) 1% Amplitude Error Slew Rate (VOUT 20 p-p) Settling Time (to 2%, ∆VOUT = 20 V) NOISE Wideband Noise f = 5 Hz to 10 kHz Wideband Noise f = 5 Hz to 5 MHz OUTPUT Output Voltage Swing Output Impedance (f ≤ 1 kHz) Output Offset Voltage Output Offset Voltage vs. Temperature Output Offset Voltage vs. Supply INPUT AMPLIFIERS (X, Y, and Z) Signal Voltage Range (Diff. or CM Operating Diff) CMRR Input Bias Current X, Y Inputs X, Y Inputs TMIN to TMAX Z Input Z Input TMIN to TMAX Offset Current Differential Resistance DIVIDER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function (Xl > X2) Total Error (VX = –10 V, –10 V ≤ VZ ≤ +10 V) (VX = –1 V, –10 V ≤ VZ ≤ +10 V) SQUARE PERFORMANCE (X1 – X 2 )(Y1 – Y 2 ) (X1 – X 2 )(Y1 – Y 2 ) (X1 – X 2 )(Y1 – Y 2 ) 10 V 10 V 10 V ± 10 ± 1.5 ± 2.5 ± 0.04 ± 0.05 ± 0.8 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.7 ± 1.5 ± 0.03 ± 0.05 ± 0.5 ± 0.2 1.0 50 200 30 100 30 2.0 ± 0.25 150 25 1.0 ± 0.25 80 Total Error SQUARE ROOTER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function Total Error (0 V ≤ VZ ≤ 10 V) POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATIONS Supply Voltage Rated Performance Operating Supply Current Quiescent PACKAGE OPTIONS TO-116 (D-14) TO-100 (H-10A) LCC (E-20A) 1.0 4.0 0.04 % % %/°C %/% % % 30 100 mV 25 1.0 ± 0.25 80 mV mV p-p/°C mV/% ± 0.01 ± 0.05 ± 0.5 ± 0.2 1 75 45 1 1 75 45 1 1 75 45 1 MHz kHz V/µs µs 0.6 3.0 0.6 3.0 0.6 3.0 mV (rms) mV (rms) ± 13 1 V Ω mV mV/°C mV/% ± 13 1 ± 40 0.7 ± 2.5 ± 10 ± 13 1 ± 10 30 0.7 ± 2.5 ± 10 ± 2.5 ± 10 40 1.5 8 ±5 ± 25 ± 0.1 10 10 V Z/(X1 – X2) 10 V Z/(X1 – X2) ±2 ±4 ±1 ±3 4 1.5 8 ±5 ± 25 ± 0.1 10 15 2 10 V 10 V 10 V 4 ± 0.4 –√10 V Z ± 1.0 18 6 ± 10 ± 15 4 AD532JD AD532JH AD532KD AD532KH % % 18 6 ± 10 ± 0.4 % –√10 V Z ± 1.0 % ± 15 4 ± 22 V V 6 mA AD532SD AD532SH AD532SE/883B Specifications subject to change without notice. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Specifications shown in boldface are tested on all production units at final electrical test. Results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. All min and max specifications are guaranteed, although only those shown in boldface are tested on all production units. H-10A: θJC = 25°C/W; θJA = 150°C/W E-20A: θJC = 22°C/W; θJA = 85°C/W D-14: θJC = 22°C/W; θJA = 85°C/W –2– µA µA µA µA µA MΩ 2 (X1 – X 2 ) ± 15 15 ±1 ±3 (X1 – X 2 ) –√10 V Z ± 1.5 4 10 V Z/(X1 – X2) (X1 – X 2 ) ± 10 V dB 50 3 10 ± 10 ± 30 ± 0.3 10 ± 0.8 30 2.0 ± 10 50 2 Transfer Function ± 0.5 REV. C AD532 ORDERING GUIDE CHIP DIMENSIONS AND BONDING DIAGRAM Model Temperature Ranges Package Descriptions Package Options AD532JD AD532JD/+ AD532KD AD532KD/+ AD532JH AD532KH AD532JCHIPS AD532SD AD532SD/883B JM38510/13903BCA AD532SE/883B AD532SH AD532SH/883B JM38510/13903BIA AD532SCHIPS 0°C to 70°C 0°C to 70°C 0°C to 70°C 0°C to 70°C 0°C to 70°C 0°C to 70°C 0°C to 70°C –55°C to +125°C –55°C to +125°C –55°C to +125°C –55°C to +125°C –55°C to +125°C –55°C to +125°C –55°C to +125°C –55°C to +125°C Side Brazed DIP Side Brazed DIP Side Brazed DIP Side Brazed DIP Header Header Chip Side Brazed DIP Side Brazed DIP Side Brazed DIP LCC Header Header Header Chip D-14 D-14 D-14 D-14 H-10A H-10A Contact factory for latest dimensions. Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). 0.107 (2.718) VS OUTPUT Z X1 0.062 (1.575) D-14 D-14 D-14 E-20A H-10A H-10A H-10A VS Y1 GND X2 VOS Y2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The functional block diagram for the AD532 is shown in Figure 1, and the complete schematic in Figure 2. In the multiplying and squaring modes, Z is connected to the output to close the feedback around the output op amp. (In the divide mode, it is used as an input terminal.) X1 VX The X and Y inputs are fed to high impedance differential amplifiers featuring low distortion and good common-mode rejection. The amplifier voltage offsets are actively laser trimmed to zero during production. The product of the two inputs is resolved in the multiplier cell using Gilbert’s linearized transconductance technique. The cell is laser trimmed to obtain VOUT = (X1 – X2)(Y1 – Y2)/10 volts. The built-in op amp is used to obtain low output impedance and make possible self-contained operation. The residual output voltage offset can be zeroed at VOS in critical applications . . . otherwise the VOS pin should be grounded. X2 R R Z X Y1 VY OUTPUT Y2 10R VOUT = (X1 – X2) (Y1 – Y2) 10V (WITH Z TIED TO OUTPUT) Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram X2 VS R6 R2 R8 R16 R23 R27 Z C1 Q2 Q1 Q7 Q8 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Y1 X1 Q25 R22 R9 R1 R33 Q21 R20 R34 Q3 VOS Q10 Q9 R13 Q4 R21 Q22 Q26 R3 R31 R30 R28 COM Q6 Q11 R29 Q12 Q24 R32 R19 R11 R4 Y2 R5 R12 Q19 Q13 R15 R24 R25 R26 VS CAN R18 Figure 2. Schematic Diagram REV. C Q27 Q20 R14 Q28 OUTPUT Q23 Q18 R10 Q5 VOS R –3– AD532 AD532 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AC FEEDTHROUGH Multiplication accuracy is defined in terms of total error at 25°C with the rated power supply. The value specified is in percent of full scale and includes XIN and YIN nonlinearities, feedback and scale factor error. To this must be added such application-dependent error terms as power supply rejection, common-mode rejection and temperature coefficients (although worst case error over temperature is specified for the AD532S). Total expected error is the rms sum of the individual components since they are uncorrelated. AC feedthrough is a measure of the multiplier’s zero suppression. With one input at zero, the multiplier output should be zero regardless of the signal applied to the other input. Feedthrough as a function of frequency for the AD532 is shown in Figure 5. It is measured for the condition VX = 0, VY = 20 V (p-p) and VY = 0, VX = 20 V (p-p) over the given frequency range. It consists primarily of the second harmonic and is measured in millivolts peak-to-peak. 1000 FEEDTHROUGH mV Accuracy in the divide mode is only a little more complex. To achieve division, the multiplier cell must be connected in the feedback of the output op amp as shown in Figure 13. In this configuration, the multiplier cell varies the closed loop gain of the op amp in an inverse relationship to the denominator voltage. Thus, as the denominator is reduced, output offset, bandwidth and other multiplier cell errors are adversely affected. The divide error and drift are then ⑀m × 10 V/X1 – X2) where ⑀m represents multiplier full-scale error and drift, and (X1–X2) is the absolute value of the denominator. Y FEEDTHROUGH 100 X FEEDTHROUGH 10 NONLINEARITY Nonlinearity is easily measured in percent harmonic distortion. The curves of Figures 3 and 4 characterize output distortion as a function of input signal level and frequency respectively, with one input held at plus or minus 10 V dc. In Figure 4 the sine wave amplitude is 20 V (p-p). 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY Hz 1M 10M Figure 5. Feedthrough vs. Frequency COMMON-MODE REJECTION 1.0 PERCENT DISTORTION 1 100 XIN The AD532 features differential X and Y inputs to enhance its flexibility as a computational multiplier/divider. Common-mode rejection for both inputs as a function of frequency is shown in Figure 6. It is measured with X1 = X2 = 20 V (p-p), (Y1 – Y2) = 10 V dc and Y1 = Y2 = 20 V (p-p), (X1 – X2) = 10 V dc. YIN 0.1 70 60 Y COMMON-MODE REJ (X1X2) 10V CMRR dB 50 0.01 1 2 3 6 7 9 10 11 8 4 5 PEAK SIGNAL AMPLITUDE Volts 12 13 14 Figure 3. Percent Distortion vs. Input Signal 40 30 20 100 10 0 100 PERCENT DISTORTION X COMMON-MODE REJ (Y1Y2) 10V 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY Hz 1M 10M Figure 6. CMRR vs. Frequency 10 20V p-p SIGNAL 1.0 XIN YIN 0.1 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY Hz 100k 1M Figure 4. Percent Distortion vs. Frequency –4– REV. C AD532 POWER SUPPLY CONSIDERATIONS 1.0 Although the AD532 is tested and specified with ± 15 V dc supplies, it may be operated at any supply voltage from ± 10 V to ± 18 V for the J and K versions, and ± 10 V to ± 22 V for the S version. The input and output signals must be reduced proportionately to prevent saturation; however, with supply voltages below ± 15 V, as shown in Figure 9. Since power supply sensitivity is not dependent on external null networks as in other conventionally nulled multipliers, the power supply rejection ratios are improved from 3 to 40 times in the AD532. AMPLITUDE Volts RL 2k CL 1000pF RL 2k CL 0pF 0.1 12 0.01 10M 100k 1M FREQUENCY Hz PEAK SIGNAL VOLTAGE Volts 10k SATURATED OUTPUT SWING 10 Figure 7. Frequency Response, Multiplying DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS The closed loop frequency response of the AD532 in the multiplier mode typically exhibits a 3 dB bandwidth of 1 MHz and rolls off at 6 dB/octave thereafter. Response through all inputs is essentially the same as shown in Figure 7. In the divide mode, the closed loop frequency response is a function of the absolute value of the denominator voltage as shown in Figure 8. MAX X OR Y INPUT FOR 1% LINEARITY 8 6 4 10 Stable operation is maintained with capacitive loads to 1000 pF in all modes, except the square root for which 50 pF is a safe upper limit. Higher capacitive loads can be driven if a 100 Ω resistor is connected in series with the output for isolation. 12 14 16 18 20 POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE Volts 22 Figure 9. Signal Swing vs. Supply NOISE CHARACTERISTICS All AD532s are screened on a sampling basis to assure that output noise will have no appreciable effect on accuracy. Typical spot noise vs. frequency is shown in Figure 10. 5 VZ 0.1 VX SIN T 4 1.0 VX 10V SPOT NOISE V/ Hz AMPLITUDE Volts 10 VX 1V VX 5V 0.1 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY Hz 10M 3 2 1 Figure 8. Frequency Response, Dividing 0 10 100 1k FREQUENCY Hz 10k Figure 10. Spot Noise vs. Frequency REV. C –5– 100k AD532 APPLICATIONS CONSIDERATIONS SQUARE The performance and ease of use of the AD532 is achieved through the laser trimming of thin-film resistors deposited directly on the monolithic chip. This trimming-on-the-chip technique provides a number of significant advantages in terms of cost, reliability and flexibility over conventional in-package trimming of off-the-chip resistors mounted or deposited on a hybrid substrate. First and foremost, trimming on the chip eliminates the need for a hybrid substrate and the additional bonding wires that are required between the resistors and the multiplier chip. By trimming more appropriate resistors on the AD532 chip itself, the second input terminals that were once committed to external trimming networks have been freed to allow fully differential operation at both the X and Y inputs. Further, the requirement for an input attenuator to adjust the gain at the Y input has been eliminated, letting the user take full advantage of the high input impedance properties of the input differential amplifiers. Thus, the AD532 offers greater flexibility for both algebraic computation and transducer instrumentation applications. X1 X2 Z AD532 +VS –VS Figure 12. Squarer Connection The squaring circuit in Figure 12 is a simple variation of the multiplier. The differential input capability of the AD532, however, can be used to obtain a positive or negative output response to the input . . . a useful feature for control applications, as it might eliminate the need for an additional inverter somewhere else. DIVISION Z VOUT = 10VZ X X1 X2 X Z AD532 Y1 Y2 +VS Z X1 X2 AD532 Y1 Y2 VOUT OUT VOS VOUT = (OPTIONAL) (X1 – X2) (Y1 – Y2) 10V 20k +VS –VS Figure 11. Multiplier Connection For operation as a multiplier, the AD532 should be connected as shown in Figure 11. The inputs can be fed differentially to the X and Y inputs, or single-ended by simply grounding the unused input. Connect the inputs according to the desired polarity in the output. The Z terminal is tied to the output to close the feedback loop around the op amp (see Figure 1). The offset adjust VOS is optional and is adjusted when both inputs are zero volts to obtain zero out, or to buck out other system offsets. VOUT OUT –VS 1k (SF) 47k 10k 20k (X0) REPLACING OTHER IC MULTIPLIERS MULTIPLICATION VIN2 10V 20k 2.2k APPLICATIONS VOUT = (OPTIONAL) VIN Finally, provision for fine trimming the output voltage offset has been included. This connection is optional, however, as the AD532 has been factory-trimmed for total performance as described in the listed specifications. Existing designs using IC multipliers that require external trimming networks can be simplified using the pin-for-pin replaceability of the AD532 by merely grounding the X2, Y2 and VOS terminals. (The VOS terminal should always be grounded when unused.) VOUT OUT Y1 Y2 +VS VOS –VS +VS –VS Figure 13. Divider Connection The AD532 can be configured as a two-quadrant divider by connecting the multiplier cell in the feedback loop of the op amp and using the Z terminal as a signal input, as shown in Figure 13. It should be noted, however, that the output error is given approximately by 10 V ⑀m/(X1 – X2), where ⑀m is the total error specification for the multiply mode; and bandwidth by fm × (X1 – X2)/10 V, where fm is the bandwidth of the multiplier. Further, to avoid positive feedback, the X input is restricted to negative values. Thus for single-ended negative inputs (0 V to –10 V), connect the input to X and the offset null to X2; for single-ended positive inputs (0 V to +10 V), connect the input to X2 and the offset null to X1. For optimum performance, gain (S.F.) and offset (X0) adjustments are recommended as shown and explained in Table I. For practical reasons, the useful range in denominator input is approximately 500 mV ≤ |(X1 – X2)| ≤ 10 V. The voltage offset adjust (VOS), if used, is trimmed with Z at zero and (X1 – X2) at full scale. Table I. Adjust Procedure (Divider or Square Rooter) DIVIDER With: Adjust X Scale Factor –10 V X0 (Offset) –1 V Adjust for: Z VOUT +10 V –10 V +0.1 V –1 V SQUARE ROOTER Adjust With: for: Z +10 V +0.1 V VOUT –10 V –1 V Repeat if required. –6– REV. C AD532 SQUARE ROOT DIFFERENCE OF SQUARES Z X1 X2 VOUT = 10VZ Z AD532 Y1 Y2 +VS OUT VOUT 20k Y –VS 1k (SF) 2.2k 47k –Y AD532 10k VOUT OUT Y1 Y2 +VS VOS –VS VOUT = X2 – Y2 10V (OPTIONAL) 20k AD741KH +VS –VS Figure 15. Differential of Squares Connection –VS Figure 14. Square Rooter Connection The connections for square root mode are shown in Figure 14. Similar to the divide mode, the multiplier cell is connected in the feedback of the op amp by connecting the output back to both the X and Y inputs. The diode D1 is connected as shown to prevent latch-up as ZIN approaches 0 volts. In this case, the VOS adjustment is made with ZIN = +0.1 V dc, adjusting VOS to obtain –1.0 V dc in the output, VOUT = – √10 V Z. For optimum performance, gain (S.F.) and offset (X0) adjustments are recommended as shown and explained in Table I. REV. C 20k Z 10k 20k (X0) +VS X1 X2 X –7– The differential input capability of the AD532 allows for the algebraic solution of several interesting functions, such as the difference of squares, X2 – Y2/10 V. As shown in Figure 15, the AD532 is configured in the square mode, with a simple unity gain inverter connected between one of the signal inputs (Y) and one of the inverting input terminals (–YIN) of the multiplier. The inverter should use precision (0.1%) resistors or be otherwise trimmed for unity gain for best accuracy. AD532 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). 0.005 (0.13) MIN C00502h–0–2/01 (rev. C) Side-Brazed DIP (D-14) 0.098 (2.49) MAX 14 8 0.310 (7.87) 0.220 (5.59) 1 7 PIN 1 0.785 (19.94) MAX 0.320 (8.13) 0.290 (7.37) 0.060 (1.52) 0.015 (0.38) 0.200 (5.08) MAX 0.200 (5.08) 0.125 (3.18) 0.150 (3.81) MAX 0.023 (0.58) 0.014 (0.36) 0.015 (0.38) 0.008 (0.20) 0.100 0.070 (1.78) SEATING (2.54) 0.030 (0.76) PLANE BSC Leadless Chip Carrier (E-20A) 0.358 (9.09) 0.342 (8.69) SQ 0.095 (2.41) 0.075 (1.90) TOP VIEW 0.358 (9.09) MAX SQ 0.200 (5.08) BSC 0.075 (1.91) REF 0.100 (2.54) 0.064 (1.63) 0.011 (0.28) 0.007 (0.18) R TYP 0.075 (1.91) REF 0.100 (2.54) BSC 0.015 (0.38) MIN 3 4 19 18 20 0.028 (0.71) 0.022 (0.56) 1 BOTTOM VIEW 0.050 (1.27) BSC 8 14 13 9 45° TYP 0.088 (2.24) 0.054 (1.37) 0.055 (1.40) 0.045 (1.14) 0.150 (3.81) BSC Metal Can (H-10A) REFERENCE PLANE 0.160 (4.06) 0.110 (2.79) 0.250 (6.35) MIN 0.050 (1.27) MAX 0.370 (9.40) 0.335 (8.51) 0.335 (8.51) 0.305 (7.75) 6 8 4 0.045 (1.14) 0.010 (0.25) 0.045 (1.14) 0.027 (0.69) 9 3 2 0.040 (1.02) MAX 7 5 0.115 (2.92) BSC PRINTED IN U.S.A. 0.185 (4.70) 0.165 (4.19) 0.750 (19.05) 0.500 (12.70) 0.019 (0.48) 0.230 (5.84) 0.016 (0.41) BSC 0.021 (0.53) 0.016 (0.41) 10 1 0.034 (0.86) 0.027 (0.69) 36° BSC BASE & SEATING PLANE –8– REV. 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