，建， " 醋噩噩矗 自 新型电池充电器集成电路二牛AIC1761Y1766 二 士口戴维德 J 气 ，曲'今...~~~~. f AIC1761/1166 是一种充镰铺二镰氧电池的充电器 集成电路。该器件最大的特点是它有完善的 -AV 检 典型应用电路如图 2 所示.它自 AIC1563 接成恒 测方法来终止快克，并有峰值电压定时器，当充电电压 流源供充电电流.由 AIC1761 或 AIC1766 对充电进行 达到峰值即 AV=O 时开始定时，定时时间到即终止快 控制.该电路可克 3-5 节镰锅或镰氢电池.在使用时 充 E 另外还有一个时间可定的快速充电安全定时器，可 娶了解几个特殊管脚的应用及充电器芯片的选择. 确保防止过充. 14 脚的该种器件有温度检测功能，可 " 1.TIMER 掷 防止充电时电池升温过高 z 并有电池短路及开黯保护自 TIMER 脚为快速充电安全定时器的定时控制 工作电压革围 9-18V ， LED 指示克电工作状态(1 4 脚 端.该端 (3 脚〉可接 VDD 、 GND 及悬空，其设定时 器件另有故障显示 h 能在充电时检测电池状态决定充 间如表 2 所示. 表 2 电方式. 本文仅介绍 8 脚器件 (DIP 及贴片式 so 封装) .它 由辈值电压定时襟 与 14 脚相比，没有电池温度检测及超混保护电路及充 GND 电器故障显示. 管蜘排 列与功能 VREF V... VOUT 该器件 LBD 1 VBT GND TIMER MODE 3 4 5 LED 6 VOUT VDD VREF 7 8 图 2 中， 3 脚接地. I!P 安全定时器设定时间为 80 分钟 s 检测峰值电压后. 4 分钟后切断快速充电. MODE 脚 (4 脚〉可接 VDD 、 GND 及悬空，它决 定集成电路工作模式，如表 3 所示. 褒3 MODE 接 V割 功 4 8 困 1 所示， 寝 1 符号 I 2. MODE 掷 表 1 所示. 管脚 80" 160 悬空 管脚徘列如 管脚功能如 2 2 能 电池电压检测端 地 模 式 VDD 测试· 可快速测定定对铸 s GND 避成充切免电断麟电侠流闵充断而造 开 此时 -AV 检测复位 悬空 正常充电 正常 1 St"充 F 接电地 ，比端最好通过 O.I StF mJl!l. 安全定时器设定端 设定集成电路工作模式 扇子 LED 指那 电源指~ 功。能 备在测试模式时，俭测时间是定网时闵的 1/512. 此附 电源正极输入端 (9-18V) VBT端的电压必须在 2. 基准电压输出端 8-3. 3V 范围内. 3.LED 显示 12-15v LEDl<tt> . . . .嗣-帽 1o _3~V ② 电子制作 一 Rs 1999 年第 3 期. 13. 电话、家用电器和便携式仪器等. (亚洲) 美国 Intellon 公司在扩频通讯行业领先地位，多 年来一直致力于电力线载波通信领域，将独特的扩频 载波 (Spread 公司简介 Waslin <Asia) Carrier) 郎 SSC 技术完美地应 用于其产品中，使得电力线通讯产品性能得能改观。其 典型器件有 SSC P300 及 SSCP111 等，该 IC 主要应用 于启动抄表及管理系统. Limited-一浩均〈亚洲〉公司是一 家专业代理世界知名集成电路厂商产品的高科技企 ， Vistesse 公司产品主要应用于通讯方面、自动测 业-浩均〈亚洲〉公司一贯秉承以高科技服务社会为宗 量系统等. Vistesse 开发的世界上第一个子兆位以太 旨，在广大客户的提携、支持下，在激烈的市场竞争中 网现在已成为千兆位以太网中使用最广泛的收发器。 不断壮大，销售及技术支持网络已覆盖全国大部分地 Viste峭的产品应用于光纤通信系统，其存贮外设、网 区。产品广泛地应用于通信、军工、化工、石油、冶金、 络 huh 、网络计算机接口卡和其它光纤应用方面拥有 能源、交通、金融等诸多领域. 世界标准. 浩均〈亚洲〉公司主要代理的半导体器件公司有 SST 公司所推出的单电源 (2.7-5V) 小型可擦写 DALLAS/i-Button !Intellon /V ITESSE/ AIC/SST" 等， 闪速 EEPROM 及双电源 MTP 闪速产品，是从事编程 品种齐全并具备相当规模. 及非易失存储应用的首选.此外 .SST89C58 单片机内 嵌大容量闪速 EEPROM ，是单片机的新一代产品. DALLS 公司主要产品有时钟芯片、电池充电管理 用高科技提高客户产品的市场竞争能力是我们的 芯片‘智能插座、高速单片机(I OOMH z ) 、非易失存储 永久目标，与客户携手开拓市场是我们的荣举，将国际 器、延迟线、通讯芯片及自动识别芯片等. 先进技术介绍给国内研发人员是我们的责任。与浩均 DALLAS 公司最新产品有 DS1780 (CPU 外国设 (亚洲〉公司合作 i 将是您事业的新起点二 备监控器)，宫内部有数字温度传感器、 2 个风扇速度 传感器、 8 位 DAC 控制电扇速度、监控 6 个电源电压， 浩均〈北京〉公司是浩均〈亚洲}公司的分公司。 能对所有监控功能提供数字模式的测试和系统中断. 地址 g 北京复兴路 3 号科技会堂 212 窒.邮编 :100038 ， 可用于监控微机和基本微处理器的系统. 电话: (010) 68516873 ，传真: (010) 68516874 , E-mail: leslie. [email protected]. cn. DS2436 (电池电压识别芯片) ，它监测电池的参 数，存储用于识别和电池充电的永久数据.可监测 2.7 欢迎浏览本公司网页 g -lOV 电压而无需外部 A/D 电路，内含 64 位串行码 http://www.waslin.com. en. 和 256 位非易失性存储器，可广泛应用于计算机、移动 http://www.andcol.com.tw • ..... ，啕恼-'‘.-峭--嚼.....蝴.-' ----饨 ... ‘ 响..-例-咱甸--句句-剑"胁---峭酬'甸‘民-、-啕楠，喇灿灿-悟，而精怖，圳、-句-知回哺尬，- 上电后 .V盯端检测电池电压，若电池电压 V rrr 满 -图 2 中接 LED1 (红〉及 LED2 (绿〉分别显示充 电器工作状态 s 快充时 LEDl 亮， LED2 灭，快充结束 足下式 后涓充时， LED1灭， LED2 亮. • Spectrum O. 65V <VBT<3. 7V 4. AIC1761 及 1766 的选用 则 VOUT 端输出低电平，开始快速克电，安全定时器开 AIC1761 及 1766 的功能不同处仅在-t:..V 检测 始定时〈计数 )， LEDl <红色〉亮，若不满足止式(新 精度.' AIC1761 为一 1%;' AIC1766 为一 0.25%. 故 AIC1761 适合予充镰锚电池，而 AIC1766 适合予充镰 充电的电池往往起始电压为零)， V.ωT 输出高电平， AIC1563 元恒流输出，开始涓流充电，安全定时器及 氢电池. t:..V 检测复位， LED 端输出低电平， LED2 亮，表示涓 "快速充电电流 fo 由Rs确定 ;10 与Rs关系为 流充电状态. 当快速充电开始后， V盯端输入的电压经 13 位 AI 10=30伽nV/Rs 按图 Rs二 0.330 时，快速充电电流为 900mA. 涓流充 D 变换后，检测其 dV/dT'，来充满时， dV/dT (t:..V) 是 电电流由 V IN 经 D3 及 R5 后 (R5 起限算作用〉提供. 'V田经 R8 限流 DZl 稳压后送 VDD 为 ì161/1766 供 …动. dV/dT 过峰值后为负值， ι 快充结束〈或峰值电压 正的，快充提时 dV/dT=O ，此时峰值电压定时器启 电 z 电池电压经 R3~ R4 分应〉哥经~C5..: R 1':- <:;6 滤波 后送 VBT 端检测电池的电压 J 设 R4 为， 51k. 则充 3 定时到时，快充结束).在快充时，涓充电流也同时向 电池送电 节、 4 节、 '5 节电池时，阳的阻值分别到 100k: 150k 、 该充电器工作温度范围为 0-70C 品， 2∞'k (圈 2 中为充 3 节电池的数据). '-愤愤-， ‘ u. 布~. ..，..叫'.串串憾事咖‘沪、萨 册99，*第 3 期 浩均公司有售〈见 14 页 t. 咱V、 "由_.~击"'~'，-最 4 、.- 、 也 : " 电子制作 吃雾雪交音字予了主尝尝 沛亨卒得壳建股份有限~走j Comparison. of Batte巧T Chargers (hardware approach) :l\fantifaétúrer ße lichhíàrq 毛写 汪二M二远远黯 开 kY:Pliilip可>.::: 句句 Part number BQ2003 TEAII00/1 101 MAX712/7 13 AICl 76111 766 Package DIP , SO 16pins DIP , SO 16pins DIP, SO 16pins DIP , SO 8pins Supply voltage 4.5V -- 5.5V 5.6V -- 1 1.5V 4.5V 9V'" 18V ,...., 5.5V Supply current (max.) 2.2mA (typ. 0.7SmA) 3mA 5mA 1. 5mA -6 V detector one cell 12mV/34sec. 12 bit AJD 1%/0 .2 5% 2.5mV resolution 13 bit AJD 1% 10.25% has has -6V disable Battery voltage range VMCV- 0.2 x VDD 0 .3 8V.......3.8V lV '" 2V 0.65V Initial timer has has Safety timer has has has has has has Discharge mode Display mode has 2LEDS 1 LED 1LED 2LEDS has has (1 4 pins) , Temperature sense f:4 T16t detector ~ 3.5VI -VMCV Peak timer '1 ,...., has has 1"C/68 sec. Ac mode has Test mode ha s. Charge current control has (under 100KHZ) has has a Most Important : the resolution and stability of -6 V (or 6 T/6t) detector ANAlOG INTEGRATIONS CORP , @ - 16 - ' @⑩ FEEEE?; 最E • AIC1761/1766 BATTERY FEATURES • 巳 • Reliable Fast Charge Control 01 NiMH/NiCd Bat teroes. FFEfir • Quick and ....... ~sy Testing lor Production. Accurate - ð. V Detection Level with Respect to Peak Battery Voltage Value. AIC1761 ................................... CONTROLLER DESCRIPTION The AIC 1761/1766 last charge controller IC is designed lor intelligent charging 01 NiMH or NiCd batteries without overcharging. It detects a voltage drop (- ð. V) occurring in the linal stage 01 a • Fast Charge Termination by: 1. CHARGE -1% …………………........ -0.25% Peak Voltage Timer (O ð. V). last cnarging cycle and correspondingly controls the charging current. Fast charge can also be cut off by a peak voltage timer (0 I'!. V) AIC1766 2. • Adjustable Fast Charge 5alety Timer • Protection against Temperature Fault. • Protection against 5hort-Circuited and Open Batteries • Wide Operation Vpltage Range: 9V to 18V , no Extra Regulator Needed • Large Battery Voltage Detection Range: 0.65V to 3.7V The detection 01 - ð. V is a very reliable method to terminate last charging lor NiMH and NiCd batteries. The AIC1761/1766 .uses - ð. V detection as one 01 primary decisions lor last charge cut-off. The - ð. V value lor the AIC1761 is as small as 16mV per cell , suitable lor NiCd batteries. The - ð. V value lor the AIC 1766 is as small as 4mV per cell , particularly suitable lor NiMH as well as the NiCd batteries. The peak voltage timer is particularly uselul when the voltage drop at the end • LED Drivers to Indicate Charge 5tatus or Fault Conditions. 01 charge lor some batteries , e.g. NiMH cells , is • Voltage Relerence Outpu t. not pronounced enough lor reliable detection. An • 5pace-5aving Packages: adjustable salety timer (3 settings) is used as a backup termination method. Provisions are made 8-PIN DIP , 50 with the AIC 1761/1766 to prevent last charge 14-PIN DIP , 50 under temperature lault conditions. Two LED outputs are used to indicate the charging status. Another flash LED output can be used alone to indicate charge status • APPLICATIONS AC mode allows the battery to drive its loads while being charged. Test modo is provided to Battery Chargers lor : • Mobile Phones • Notebook and Laptop Personal Computers dramatically reduce production test time. • Portable Power Tools and Toys • Portable Communication Equipments • Portable Video and 5tereo Equipments =与怕也Gk SGI7" e , 4一 1 四 @⑩ 「 AIC1761/1766 BAT丁 ERY CHARGE CONTROLLER • DESCRIPTION 圃 FEATURES • Reliable Fast Charge Control of NiMH/NiCd Batteries. The AIC 1761/1766 fast charge controller IC is designed for intelligent charging of NiMH or NiCd • Quick and ElI sy Testing for Production. batteries without overcharging. It detects a voltage drop (-ð V) occurring in the final stage of a • Fast Charge Termination by: 1. Accurate - ð V Detection Level with Respect to Peak Battery Voltage Value. AIC1761 45 能也赔醉Fr在写杏 6ih1 AIC1766 2. ................................... -1% ..........................噎..... fast c l") arging cycle and correspondingly controls the charging current. Fast charge can also be cut off by a peak voltage timer (0 ð V) -0.25% Peak Voltage Timer (Oð V). • Adjustable Fast Charge 8afety Timer. • Protection against Temperature Fault. • Protection against 8hort-Circuited and Open Bat tenes. • Wide Operation Vpltage Range: 9V to 18V , no Extra Regulator Needed. The detection of - ð V is a very reliable method to terminate fast charging for NiMH and NiCd batteries. The AIC1761/1766 .uses - ð V detection as one of primary decisions for fast charge cut-off. The - ð V value for the AIC 1761 is as small as 16mV per cell , suitable for NiCd batteries. The - ð V value for the AIC1766 is as small as 4mV • Large Battery Voltage Detection Range: 0.65V to 3.7V. per cell' particularly suitable for NiMH as well as the NiCd batteries. The peak voltage timer is par- • LED Drivers to Indicate Charge 8tatus or Fault Conditions of charge for some batteries , e.g. NiMH cells , is • Voltage Reference Outpu t. not pronounced enough for reliable detection. An • Space-Saving Packages: 四 ticularly useful when the voltage drop at the end adjustable safety timer (3 settings) is used as a backup termination method. Provisions are made 8-PIN DIP , 80 with the AIC1761 /1 766 to prevent fast charge 14-PIN DIP , 80 under temperature fault conditions. Two LED outputs are used to indicate the charging status. Another flash LED output can be used alone to indicate charge status. • APPLICATIONS AC mode allows the battery to drive its loads while being charged. Test mode is provided to Battery Chargers for : • Mobile Phones dramatically reduce production test time. • Notebook and Laptop Personal Computers • Portable Power Tools and Toys • Portable Communication Equipments • Portable Video and 8tereo Equipments e , 4-1 在昏 ({Il) • SECTION 4 - BATTERY MANAGEMENT ICs NiMHI NiCd Battery Charger AIC 才 76111766 ， Battery Charge Controller ( -才%/ -0.25% i1 V , Oi1 V) AIC1781 , Battery Charge Controller (-0.25% i1 V , Oi1 V , i1 T / M) - AIC1782 、 Dual-Battery Charge Controller (-0 .2 5% i1 V , 0 i1 V , i1 T / M) 4- 才 4-15 4-32 Ll THIUM-ION BATTERY PROTECTION AIC1802 , Two-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Protection IC Ahu 4-47 E . , @ APPLICATION NOTE ([Ill AIC1766 The AIC1766 Fast Battery Charger IC The battery is otherwise easily damaged by excess heat due to overcharge. The biggest problem that challenges the charge control IC is how to determine correctly if a A problem that has drawn a lot of attention from thè battery is fully charged , so as to prevent undercharging manufacturers of portable electronic products is how to and overcharging. recharge a battery to full charge quickly and safely when using recleargeable batteries such as nickel-cadmium Two Phenomena can be easily observed from the (NiCd) or nickel-metal hydride(NiMH) batteries as power characteristics of voltage and temperature for nickel- sources. cadmium and nickel-hydrogen battery undergoing charging , as shown in Fig. 1. First , battery temperature Analog INTEGRATIONS Corporation is a company that specializes in power conversion ICs for portable electronic products. AIC's product range includes the increases rapidly when it is nearly fully charged; and second , battery voltage starts to decrease when it is fully charged. AIC1766 , a fast charge controller IC. This IC is ideal for 1.7 applications with high accuracy , less vulnerability to error 创 ICharge Current=1C 1.6 action , simple circuits and compact sizes. This article is 70σ 。 focused on the issue of recharging nickel-cadmium (NiCd) ~1.5 and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries and some 21 .4 ) Voltag~ 0 c> 。 > precautions which should be paid attention to when 亏 1.3 O designirg battery fast charging circuits. Temperature 1.2 1.1 Charge Control Method for NiMH/NiCd Batteries 0 20 ~ 40 60 ω 20 100 Time (min.) TraditionallY' batteries are recharged with a small current of 0: 1C, where the C value is a basic unit of 。 30ιJ 一一---r一一- Fig. 1 Charging Characteristic of NiCd and NiMH Batteries. measurement of the charge current. For example , for 1000mAh battery , 1C is 1000mA, and 0.1C is 100mA. Since the rechar\iing current is small , and the ba忧erywill not be damaged even if continuously charged after it is full , no charge control circuit is required. However, its Based on the above two features , six basic methods have been developèd to terminate the fast charge process for NiCd/NiMH battery if it is fu'l ly charged: • Negative Delta Voltage Cutoff (-tN) • Delta Temperaturel Delta Time Cutoff (ilT/ilt) • Peak Voltage Cutoff (OilV) • Maximum Temperature Cutoff (TCO) however, is that one has to terminate fast charge and • Maximum Voltage Cutoff (VCO) switch to slow-charge once the battery is fully charged. • Maximum Charging Time Cutoff. major El isadvantage is that it takes a long time , generally more than 10 hours , to charge full. In order to reduce charge time , charge current needs to be increased for faster charging of batteries. The accompanying problem , ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION ." 4用 Ind呻y E.锄1 阪剧，Science杭剧 Ind晴圆阳点，Hsinchu， T甜刷， RO.C. TEL: (8863)577毛500 FAX:(8863)57在2510 1 •. @ APPLICATION NOTE <<Ill AIC1766 , R12K J VIN 」王 VDD VREF TIMER 6 1 VOUT IB lR7 王 VBT 』」L?斗 干i RB 150K GND Fig. 2 Ba忧e叩 Charger with External Current Source The first three primary methods are more reliable while of. Generally speaking , these are easy enough to the last three methods can only provide extra protection accomplish as long as the charging control IC itself is in general rather than determine if the battery is fully adequate. The AIC1766 control IC uses mainly -!:N charged or not. The battery can be easily overcharged or detection with 13-bit high accuracy and a high degree of undercharged , if only the last three secondary methods noise immunity. In addition , it is small in size and easy to are employed. use. 就 If !lT/.M monitoring method is used to determine the charge saturation of a battery , the biggest problem is that NiCdl NiMH Battery Charger Design too many related factors need to be considered , such as The AIC1766 will be used as an example to iII ustrate chargihg some charge circuits under several different conditions. current value , environmental temperature , e battery age and the characteristic difference between Some precautions will be pointed ou t. different types of batteries.. .etc. AII these factors can affect the rate ~f battery temperature increase , which If the constant charging current comes directly from the makes it very difficult to control setup , and very difficult to external circuit, Fig. 2 is a very suitable and simple perform reasonably under all conditions. application circui t. The charge control IC AIC1766 is only required to determine when to charge the battery ‘ and to The -!lV detection method , on the other hand , does not display the charging status. have the above problem. So it is often the best method in determining the charge saturation of a battery. Because Because the input voltage range for the AIC1766 is the battery voltage varies directly with charging current between 9V and 18V, V1N usually needs to be higher than fluctuation , a stable constant charging current is required 10V. Since the AIC1766 contains a built-in voltage and switching noise on ground has to be well taken care . regulator circuit , an external voltage regulator IC which is ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION ." 4F， 91闹呻y E.舶 R制，Scienoe缸制 l咄剧也阳耿，刷刷u， T;即an， RO.C. TEL: (回63)577-25ωFAX:(8863)577-2510 2 @ ([11) APPLICATION NOTE AIC1766 usually required for other charge control ICs is not source , with working frequency usually around 50KHz. necessary here. Instead , a simple RC filter suffices. The The charge current is determined by the following value of R3 (Fig. 2) is dictated by the requirement that the equation: l - O .3 minimum value of VDD be larger than 9V , while the value CHARGE--一 RS of C1 depends on the magnitude and frequency of the ripple noise on VIN. As a result , the filtered wave of VDD must be less than 0.2V. The Zener diode (Z01) is needed only if VDD is possibly greater than 18V or V1N is likely to fluctuate abruptly. In the application circuit of Fig. 3 , the safety timer is set to be 80 minute. According to our experience , the circuit board's layout and the wiring contact points will exert some influence when the charging current exceeds 1.5A. Cares should be taken. The AIC1766 controls the The design of the battery voltage divider resistors is very importan t. When a battery is not connected , the voltage e of the VBT Pin should be greater than 3.8V. Once the battery is connected , the voltage of the VBT pin should not be higher than 3.2V in the whole process of charging. For example , if a battery of 8 cells is to be charged , and the full voltage of each battery cell is 2V , then the maximum possible battery voltage is 16V. 丁he AIC1563's operations based on signals on the VBT pin. The VOUT pin of the AIC1766 will be OFF when the fast charge termination is detected. The FB pin of the AIC1563 will be pulled to higher than 1.25V to shutdown the current source. The Schottky diode , power transistor, and inductor must be adjusted according to the magnitude of the charge curren t. voltage divider resistor ratio should be 4:1. In other words , R7 is 600KQ if R8 is 150KQ. Also , V1N should be higher than 19V so as to make voltage of the VBT pin higher than 3.8V when the battery is not connected. Shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the characteristics of NiMH and NiCd batteries , respectively , using the AIC1766. The -tN value is 0.25% for the AIC1766 and 1% for the AIC 1761. The 14-pin version has absolute temperature protection and extra LEO indicator function in addition to é The two LEO's will both be OFF if VBT pin voltage is all the functions a 8-pin version possesses. abnorma l. LEO 1 will be ON during charging , while LEO 2 will be ON once charging is completed. A 丁IMER pin is used to present the le咱th of charging time. It has 3、 settings , 40min. , 80 min. , and 160 min. Therefore , the proper charge current should be between O.4 C to 2C. A MOOE pin can be programmed to shorten the testing time. Fig. 3 shows a practical application , iNhere a voltage source is available , whose voltage will be 2V higher than the battery being charged during the whole charging period. The AIC1563 is used 臼 the consta~lt current ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION 年， 9lnd呻y E.铺1 陡峭创ence-战制 Ind咽副阳欣，Hsi耐U， Taiwan, Rβ.c. TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510 3 @ APPLICATION NOTE ([)1) AIC1766 R〈 nOAPF hnu ι -28V ~ =、a 予、a 2纺工 LE01 ILE02 REO I GREEN R9 主 R10 1K 飞 1K 05 同 N4148 *L 1=MPP Core or Iron Powder Co re Fig. 3 Simple Battery Charger for NiCd/NiMH Ba忧ery 1.7 60 1.6 20 70 1.3 0 唱" 60 制 50 mM 40 (。) 。23 扫而ω 』αεω ← 30 哼 20 (〉)ωom 。= 〉 =ω 。 Unv () 〉oops--oω 10 ω aurDAa m时响 ωαEo 』 (。) 。ω 』 3vm ← =ω 。 E43 1.5 1.2 0 # 3-5 Cells for VIN=12-28V #3町'6 Ce lls for VIN=15-28V -m 20 40 60 Charge Time (min.) Charge Time (min.) Fig. 4' Charge Characteristics of NiMH Battery Fig. 5 Charge Characteristics of NiCd Ba悦e叩 e , # ANALOG INTEGRATIONS CORPORATION 年， 9lndu由y E.9th ~α刻，创笛盼恤蚓 Ind回阳l 阳耿，闹闹u， Taiwan, RO.C. TEL: (8863)577-2500 FAX:(8863)577-2510 4