1.2 MC13077PAL/NTSC编 码 器 MC13077是 一 高 质 量 的 PAL/NTSC制 RGB/YUV编 码 器 ,输 出为复 合 视 频 和 s视 频 信 号 ,片 内集 成 有 色差 和 亮 度 矩 阵 电路 、色 度 译 码 器 、 副 载 波 振 荡 器 及 把 单 路 视 频 信 号 编 码 为兼 容 于 PAL/NTsC制 的复 合 视 频 信 号 的逻 辑 电路 。芯 片 在 标 准 的 +5V电 源 下 工 作 , 75mA,因 而 可 在 PC机 上 使 用 ,工 作 时仅 需 少 量 的外 部 元 件 。芯 片采 用 Motorola公 司 的 MOsAICTM制 造 工 艺 ,元 件 封 装 形 式 有 DIP和 SOIC两 种 方 式 。 典 型 的 工 作 电流 小 于 1.2.1 主 要 特 点 ・PAL/NTsC可 切 换 。 ・PAL方 波 输 出 。 ° ・PAL序 列 可复 位 。 ・内部 /外 部 色 同步 脉 冲 。 ・可 选 择 的基 准 副 载 波 驱 动 。 1.2.2 引脚 说 明 (见 表 1-3) 表 管脚号 名 号 符 功 称 Vcc Comp`^deo 1-3 复 合视频输 出 能 +5.0V山 ±10% 串 75Ω 电阻 ,该 电阻通 过 75%色 饱和度 :1.0VP~P 100%色 饱和度 ,1.23VP〓 P 75Ω 同 轴 电 缆 与 75Ω 负 Luma Video 亮度 s视 频 袖 出 同上 100%输 出 :带 同步 1.0VP~P Chroma Video 色度 s视 频 输 出 同上 100%输 出 ,885mVP~P 通 过 0.01uF的 电容 接 地 3.4Vdc 10脚 输 出 的 亮 度 信 号 经 延 时加 至该 脚 100%饱 和 度 R.G.B输 人 时 复合亮度信号为 500mVP~P 复 合 同步 输 人 /分 离 接 负 向的 同步 信 号 ,阈 值 为 1,4V 电压 蜂 值 在 4倍 副 载 波 振 荡 器 提 供 振 荡 器 的 吐次 谐 波 分 量 ;也 可 外 加 4倍 副载 ・ 波信号 使 用 晶振 :40mVP~P 外 部 输 人 :3Q0~600mVp~P 提供一输入 给鉴相 器和 o。 外 部 副载 波 输 人 PLL。 该 脚 接 J也 ,贝 刂PLL Luma蛔 ′ 明 电源 电压 载连接 6 说 亮 度 输 出箝 位存 储 电容 Yh 经延 时后 的亮度榆 人 sync ln/ sync sep 吐×fsc ,/4× Xtal fsc In 3.58/4.哇 3MHz in/PLL off Y。 m 不工作 亮度输 出 该 脚 擞 出信 号 经 延 时 后 送人 6脚 0~Vcc之 间 10VPP~3.0VP~P副 载 波 送 人 锁 相 压倍 副 载 波振荡 器 ,或 禁 止 PLL时 为 o 带 同步 1.0VP⊥ P — 7— ・续 表 管脚 号 名 号 符 Gnd 功 称 说 能 地 地 地 明 ・ m 3 Red汛 2 m ・ n .m 洫 ・ 在 丬〃 红视频输人 绿视频枋人 蓝视频输人 7VP~P o。 \ 不 作 输 人 时 ,同 步 期 间 为 2.吐 Vdc B-Y B-Y箝 位 存 储 电容 Clamp R-Y R-Y箝 位存 储 电容 Clamp Chroma out 不 作 输 人 脚 时 ,用 -0・ 01uF 电容 接 地 同上 色 同步 输 人 允 许 、禁 止 或 外 加 色 同步 out/Force Burst Fhg B-Y输 入 ,若 18脚 不 用 ,色 同步 电平 必 须 为 : -170mV(NTsC) -121mV(PAL) 同上 ,但 PAL制 时 色 同步 应 为 +121mV 2.8VP~P 色度 输 出 Burst Flag 作 该 脚 悬 空 ,2.4脚 上 出现 色 度 信 号 ,18脚 出现 色 同步 信号 该 脚 接 地 ,无 色 同步 脉 冲输 悬 空 :1・ 8VP~P 出 若 外 加 色 同步 脉 冲 ,则 内部 色 同步 将 不 起 作 用 PA2squareWave Out /Force NTsC PAL/NTsC Chroma In 色 度榆 人 1.2.3 主要参数 接 地 ,MC13077接 NTsC 编码 开 路 ,则 按 PAL编 码 系统 切 换 (见 表 该脚接色庋带通滤波器 的 输出 数 名 称 管脚 最小值 250 典 型值 最大值 350 25 黑 电平 白 电平 复 合 视 频 输 出 (100%饱 和 度 ) 同步 福度 行 间偏 差 (PAL) 亮度偏 差 。 行 间亮 度偏 差 (PAL) 色度偏差 行 间偏 差 (PAL) 色度相位偏差 行 间色 度相 位 偏 差 (PAL) 黑 电平 -8— 接 带 通 滤 波 器 和 1.0kΩ 匹 配 电阻 时 l.吐 VP~P 1-4 00 色 度 同步 幅度 行 间偏 差 (PAL) 刮载波泄滑 式 时 ,该 脚 出 现 PAL方 波 1-0 表 参 PAL模 单位 mVP~P mV mV 240 281 320 7.0 10 mVP~P mV % ・ mVP~P 3.0 10 (<14 % mVP~P 10 度 (5.0 500 mV 纹:表 参 亮度 名 称 管脚 典 型值 最大值 2吐 0 281 7.o 320 mV % mVp~p mV ο 0 120 s视 频 输 出 色 度。 色 度 汨度 偏 差 行 间色 度 泪度 偏 差 (PAL) 色庋相位偏差 280 % 10 mVP~P <1硅 10 度 mV 500 黑 电平 单位 mVP~P 10 ・ r⒈ s视 频 输 出 同步 璃度 行 间 同步 偏 差 (PAL) 亮度偏差 行 间亮 度 偏 差 (PAL) 黑 电平 同步 信 号 波 蜂 电平 最小值 00ο 犭 ・ 效 1.2.4 应 用说 明 图 1-11给 出 了 MC13077的 原 理 方 框 图及 典 型 应 用 电路 。 地⒐ ˉ ˉ ˉ ˉ 1/「 拐 4|F晏 η 4兔 c特 入 】 4,3γ 刍 17,zg 20ρ 色同步特 出/ 外加色同步 PA1方 波枋 出/NTsC 丬 】 。 OlL R。 G。 B丬 色皮 s宿 号 亮皮 s宿 号 输 入 1.叩 叫 10u 复合视苡信号 Bγ | 箝位 ˉ /分 离 宁 箝位 }}ˉ } 图 1-11 MC13077原 理方胆 图及典型应用电路 })jⅠ (1)复 合 同步输人 ● ・ 复合 同步信号 无论是 PAL模 式 还是 NTsC模 式均要 经 编码加到复合信号 中去 ,编 码 L■ 口 渺 卜 方式 由内部 电路根据 MC13077的 工作模式来决定 。复合 同步 /同 步分离器的输 人均可通过 交流或直流耦合 。另外 ,复 合视频信 号也可作为同步输 人 。 同步输人 的阈值为 1.4Vdc,对 同步输 入的耍 求见 图 1-12。 IIl【 MC13077的 同步输 人均 与 TTL电 平 匹配 ,但 易引起干扰 ,如 视频输 出形成噪声尖峰 , 对 ⒕倍彩色副载波干扰可能导致对色度信息的不正确编码 。 若用 TTL信 号或其它较为陡峭 丨 丨 -9- }l 沿 的输 人 作 同步 输 人 时 ,应 减 少 其 幅度 及 边 沿 速 度 ,可 采 用 图 1-13所 示 的方 法 ,以 减 少 干 ο 丶刁 .ˉ 同步 ~_÷ 丬〃 丶 ˉ 叫Hˉ ˉ 扰。 同步衤 电压 图 1工 12 同步输人幅度要求 图 1-13 TTL同 步 输 人 电路 (2)RGB输 人 为编码 RGB,必 须将 RGB输 入 到色差和亮度矩 阵电路 中 100%色 饱和度时输人为 , 700mⅤ P~P,得 到的色差信号可表示为 : R-Y=o.7oR-o.59G-o。 11B B-— Y:=o.89B-— 0.59G-0.3oR Y=o.3oR十 0.59G十 0.11B 复 合 同步 加 在 亮 度 信 息 上 ,建 立 起 的亮 度 信 息 必 须 再 与 色 度 信 息 复 合 ,但 在 复 合 之 前 ,由 于 B-Y、 R-Y在 调 制 时经 内部 滤 波 及 外 部 限制 带 宽 必 然 造 成 一 定 的延 时 ,因 此 亮 度 信 息 也 要 经 过 相 应 的延 时 ,所 以 亮 度 信 息从 10脚 输 出 ,经 延 时后 再 通 过 6脚 反 馈 入 芯 片 。 (3)色 差 输 人 MC13077用 来 对 YUV或 Y、 R-Y、 B-Y信 号 编 码 时必 须 将 色 差 和 亮 度 矩 阵 电 路 旁 路 ,而 将 以 上 的 信 号 直 接 送 人 调 制 器 中 。 当 100%色 饱 和 度 混 合 视 频 输 出 时 要 求 491mVP~P和 349mVP~P的 信 号 分 别 送 人 R-Y、 B-Y箝 位 端 16,15脚 ,亮 度 信 息 可 以 有 两 如果 RGB输 人 端 (无 同步 700mVP_P)、 或 通 过 延 时线 (同 步 1.0VP~P)从 亮 度 输 人 端 输 人 ,且 此 时 RGB输 人 端 通 过 电容 接 地 。由于 色 度 信 号 不 通 过 调 制 器 前 的滤 波 种 方 式 输 人 :直 接 加 到 器 ,故 亮 度 延 时 只 要 与 带 通 滤 波 器 的延 时 匹 配 即可 。复 合 同步 还 是 通 过 7脚 输 人 。 (θ 4倍 彩 色 副 载 波 振 荡 器 要 正 确 编 码 ,必 须 要 有 一 准 确 、可 靠 的彩 色 副 载 波 源 。图 1-14示 出 了 MC13077的 4 倍 彩 色 副载 波 源 的产 生 方 法 。 (5)色 差 滤 波 和 亮 度 延 时 色 差 信 号 和 色 同步 脉 冲包 络 被 调 制 后 在 内部 相 加 ,由 于 包 含 高 次 谐 波 分 量 ,为 防止 互 调 干 扰 ,必 须 经 外 部 滤 波后 再 由 zO脚 送 人 芯 片 。由于 带 通 滤 波 器 有 群 延 时 (与 使 用 的滤 波 ◆ 器 有 关 ),因 此 亮 度 通 道 必 须 加 延 时线 ,如 前 所 述 ,亮 度 通 道 与 色 度 通 道 延 时必 须 匹 配 。 、 (6)色 度 编 码 色 度 调 制 器 是 由睐 自环 形 计 数 器 的两 个 正 交 信 号 驱 动 的两 个 双 平 衡 电路 。如 原 理 图 1- 11所 示 。两 个 正 交 信 号 的 90° 相 移 要 尽 可 能 准 确 。 PAL制 编 码 时 ,负 的 色 同步 脉 冲 同时加 到 B-Y、 脉 冲只加到 R-Y上 。NTSC制 编 码 时 ,色 同步 B-Y信 号 上 。PAL/NTsC的 编 码 选 择 由编 码 开关 (19脚 )决 定 。19脚 接 地 为 NTsC模 式 工 作 ;19脚 开 路 为 PAL模 式 工 作 。PAL模 式 平 作 时 ,19脚 还 可 输 出频 率 为 各 的方 波 。 — 10一 ・ 2) 刂rsc驵 动 (150mV~8。 OVP~P 叫 10oopF /r` 4兔 c谐 振綮 刮故 波 参考特 入 参考扌入 图 1-14 吐倍 彩 色 副 载 波 产 生 方 法 (7)视 频 输 出 经 滤 波 、延 时等 处 理 的色 差 信 号 、亮 度 信 号 重 新 组 合 形 成 混 合 视 频 输 出 ,输 出 的连 接 方 式 如 图 1-15 所示 。 ˉ~ェL」 1.2.5 典 型 应 用 = 1△ 5输 出连接方式 1-11典 型 接 法 外 ,图 1-16给 ~图 个 出 了 RGB输 人 编 码 ,4倍 彩 色 副 载 波 振 荡 器 外 部 驱 动 电路 ,图 1-17给 出 了亮 度 和 色 差 输 人 编 码 ,锁 相 的彩 色 副载 波 电路 ,图 1-18给 出 了复 合 亮 度 和 色 差 输 人 编 码 ,锁 相 的彩 色 副 MC13077除 图 载 波 电路 。 20 图 1-16 1θ 】 8 17 16 15 】 4 RGB输 人编码 、吐倍信号彩色副载波振荡器外部 驱 动 -11— R-Y,B-Y 信源阻抗 <500Ω °∞μ z● 哺 富 |伽 |伽 <α 犭″ 20 18 1θ 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 ` m 三 〓 E一J zs星 Ι zs军 一 ・ 图 1-17 亮 度 和 色差 编 码 、锁 相 的彩 色 副 载 波 R-Y,B-Y 信源阻抗 <500Ω “鼓Ⅱ 戴m ⒛ 19 10 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 "C1sO刀 ⒛ iOn彐 1o 三 ° 亮 Β厉 叼 73 ・ ⒕″ 76￡ 一∈ 卫 ° ∞ E彐J zs早 7 8θ 古淫 ・ ・ 12345⒍ T枷 ⒈ ⒉ 复合 Y榜 入 图 1-18 复合亮度和色差 输人编码 、锁 相 的彩 色 副载 波 ● 1.3 MC1373视 频 调 制 器 ・ MC1373由 射频振荡器 以及混 合视频信号和伴音 /色 饱和度 信号 双 输 人 的调制器所组 成 ,能 将输人 的视频 信号 调制成 电视 信号 ,可 应用于 电子游戏机、家用 电脑 、摄 像机以及 一 些测试设 各 中 。由于 MC1373的 互 调产物小 (— sOdB,920kHz差 拍 ),所 需外接元件少 以及 其紧凑 的封装形式使它明显 优于用分立元件组成 的电路 。 —— 12 —— Order this document by MC13077/D The MC13077 is a high quality RGB/YUV to NTSC/PAL encoder with Composite Video and S–Video outputs. The IC integrates the color difference and luma matrix circuitry, chroma modulators, subcarrier oscillator, and logic circuitry to encode component video into a composite video signal compatible with the NTSC/PAL standards. The IC operates off a standard + 5.0 V supply and typically requires less than 75 mA, making it useful in PC environments. The high degree of integration saves board space and cost, as only passive external components are required for operation. The IC is manufactured using Motorola’s MOSAIC process and is available in a 20 pin DIP or SOIC package. • Single 5.0 V Supply • • • • • • • • ADVANCED PAL/NTSC ENCODER SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA Composite Output S–Video Outputs P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 738 20 PAL/NTSC Switchable 1 PAL Squarewave Output PAL Sequence Resettable DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751D (SO–20L) Internal/External Burst Flag Digitally Determined Modulator Axes Subcarrier Reference Drive Selectable 20 1 ORDERING INFORMATION Operating Temperature Range Device MC13077DW TA = 0° to +70°C MC13077P Simplified Block Diagram VCC 1 4x fsc Xtal/ 4x fsc Input 14.32/ 17.73 20 p 8 Divide by Four Ring Counter Gnd 3.58/ 4.43 Latch Divide by 512 R 0° 45° 90° Countdown Decoder LPF 3.58/4.43 MHz 9 In/ PLL Off H/2 Hsync Latch H Burst Flag Adjust PAL/ NTSC Switch PAL F/F Chroma Out R–Y Burst Flag Red In 12 1.0 µ Green In 13 1.0 µ Blue In 14 1.0 µ B–Y Burst Flag Color Difference R–Y B–Y R–Y and B–Y Clamp Clamp Luma Matrix Sync Yout 10 Yin 6 Luma Delay SO–20L Plastic DIP 11 4x fsc Oscillator PLL Off Package Chroma In 18 Burst Flag Out/Force Burst Flag 19 PAL Squarewave Out/ Force NTSC 17 1.0 k Chroma BPF 20 4 75 Chroma S–Video Luma S–Video 75 Comp Video 75 Sync Input Luma Clamp 3 2 15 B–Y Clamp 16 R–Y Clamp 7 Sync In/ Sync Sep 5 1.1 k 4.7 n Luma Clamp 1.2 k 1.2 k Motorola, Inc. 1996 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA Rev 2 1 MC13077 MAXIMUM RATINGS Rating Symbol Value Unit Supply Voltage VCC 6.0 V Storage Temperature Tstg – 65 to +150 °C Operating Junction Temperature TJ +150 °C Operating Ambient Temperature TA 0 to + 70 °C RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Characteristic Min Typ Max Unit 4.5 5.0 5.5 Vdc Sync Input Threshold Equivalent (See Figure 2) Pulse Width – – 1.4 4.5 – 5.5 – – Vdc µs R, G, B Input (Amplitude for 100% Saturated Video) – 0.7 – Vpp R–Y Input Amplitude at Pin 16 (for 100% Saturated Video) B–Y Input Amplitude at Pin 15 (for 100% Saturated Video) Y Input Amplitude (without sync) at Pins 12, 13, 14 (for 100% Saturated Video) Y Input Amplitude (with sync) at Delay Line – – – – 490 350 700 1.0 – – – – mVpp External 4x Subcarrier Input to Pin 8 (If crystal is not used) – 300 – mVpp External Subcarrier Input to Pin 9 Lock Range (with 4x Subcarrier Crystal specified) at Subcarrier Frequency – – 0.10 to 3.0 ± 400 – – Vpp Hz Burst Flag Input Threshold (Pin 18) – 2.5 – Vdc NTSC/PAL Select (Pin 19) PAL Switching Amplitude: High PAL Switching Amplitude: Low NTSC Select Threshold – – – 4.0 1.1 0.4 – – – Pin Min Typ Max Unit 1 55 70 85 mA 250 – – – – – 125 215 170 300 7.0 5.0 to 5.3 5.4 to 5.6 9 10 135 225 180 350 25 – – – – 145 235 190 mVpp mV µs – – – – 25 65 mV 240 – – – – – – – – 120 281 7.0 – 3.0 – < 14 – < 5.0 500 200 320 – 10 – 10 – 10 – – 280 mVpp mV % mVpp % mVpp Degrees Supply Voltage Vpp Vdc ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C, VCC = 5.0 Vdc, test circuit of Figure 1.) Characteristic Supply Current (150 Ω Load on Output Pins) Color Burst Amplitude Line–to–Line Burst Amplitude Deviation Start after leading edge of Sync: NTSC (3.579 MHz) Start after leading edge of Sync: PAL (4.43 MHz) Duration: NTSC (3.579 MHz) Duration: PAL (4.43 MHz) PAL Burst Phase: Line n PAL Burst Phase: Line n+1 NTSC Burst Phase Subcarrier Leakage in Black White (100% white) Composite Video Output (100% saturated output) Sync Amplitude Line–to–Line Sync Amplitude Deviation (PAL) Luminance Amplitude Error Line–to–Line Luminance Amplitude Deviation (PAL) Chrominance Amplitude Error Line–to–Line Chroma Amplitude Deviation (PAL) Chrominance Phase Error Line–to–Line Chrominance Phase Error (PAL) Black Level (RGB at Black during Blanking Intervals) Sync Tip Clamp Level above Ground 2 2&4 (@ 75 Ω load) 2&4 (@ 75 Ω load) 2 (@ 75 Ω load) Cycles Degrees mV MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13077 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (TA = 25°C, VCC = 5.0 Vdc) Characteristic Pin Luma S–Video Output Sync Amplitude Line–to–Line Sync Amplitude Deviation (PAL) Luminance Amplitude Error Line–to–Line Luminance Amplitude Deviation (PAL) Black Level Sync Tip Clamp Level above Ground 3 (@ 75 Ω load) Chroma S–Video Output Chrominance Amplitude Error Line–to–Line Chrominance Amplitude Deviation (PAL) Chrominance Phase Error Black Level 4 (@ 75 Ω load) Min Typ Max Unit 240 – – – – 120 281 7.0 – 3.0 500 200 320 – 10 – – 280 mVpp mV % mVpp mV – – – – – < 14 – 500 10 – 10 – % mVpp Degrees mV Figure 1. Test Circuit 1.0 µF G VCC 1 4x Subcarrier In 8 4x fsc Oscillator Divide by Four Ring Counter 3.58/4.43 Latch Divide by 512 R 45° PLL Off 0° 90° Countdown Decoder LPF H/2 9 12 1.0 µ G 13 1.0 µ B Color Difference and Luma Matrix F/F PAL 19 PAL Squarewave Out/Force NTSC Chroma Out 17 1.0 k 1.0 nF B–Y Burst Flag R–Y Chroma In 4 75 75 75 Sync Input Sync 14 3 Luma Clamp 75 75 2 Yout 10 15 6 Luma Delay 1.2 k Yin (B–Y) In 10 nF 1.2 k MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 16 Chroma BPF (R–Y) In 10 nF 7 5 Sync In/ Sync Sep 10 nF 11 Luma Clamp 1.1 k 20 R–Y Clamp B–Y Clamp B–Y Burst Flag Out/ 18 Force Burst Flag PAL/ NTSC Switch H R–Y Burst Flag 1.0 µ R Hsync Latch Burst Flag Adjust Chroma S–Video Luma S–Video Comp 75 Video Ground 3 MC13077 PIN DESCRIPTIONS Pin Internal Equivalent Schematic Symbol Description Expected Waveforms 1 VCC Supply Voltage + 5.0 Vdc ±10% 2 Comp Video Composite Video output. The external 75 Ω series resistor determines the impedance of the output. The output will drive a 75 Ω load through a 75 Ω coax. 1.0 Vpp (75% Color Saturation), 1.23 Vpp (100% Color Saturation) at the 75 Ω load. Luminance S–Video output. The external 75 Ω series resistor determines the impedance of the output. The output will drive a 75 Ω load through a 75 Ω coax. 1.0 Vpp with sync (100% output) at the 75 Ω load. Chrominance S–Video output. The external 75 Ω series resistor determines the impedance of the output. The output will drive a 75 Ω load through a 75 Ω coax. 885 mVpp (100% output) when at the 75 Ω load. Zo = 75 Ω 75 Ω 75 Ω 3 Luma S–Video Zo = 75 Ω 75 Ω 75 Ω 4 1.0 kΩ Chroma S–Video 1.0 kΩ Zo = 75 Ω 75 Ω 75 Ω 1.0 kΩ 5 Luma Clamp Luminance Output Clamp storage capacitor. A 0.01 µF capacitor should be connected from this pin to ground. 3.4 Vdc. 6 YIn Luminance input from the delay line. The delayed Luma from Pin 10 is applied at this pin. 500 mVpp of Composite Luma when 100% saturated RGB inputs are applied. Composite Sync input. Negative going sync should be applied at this pin. The input has a threshold of 1.4 V. The peak voltage may not exceed VCC. Minimum voltage should not be less than 0 V. See Figure 2 for input requirements. 1.4 V 7 Sync In/ Sync Sep 2.0 V 10 k 8 4x fsc Xtal /4x fsc In gm gm 400 Vref VCC Four times Subcarrier Frequency Crystal Oscillator pin. This pin provides for the connection of the oscillator resonant element. Pin may also be driven directly with a 4x subcarrier signal. 300 to 600 mVpp 4x subcarrier input if the pin is being externally driven. Approximately 40 mVpp, if a crystal is being used. 2.0 k 9 4 3.58/ 4.43 MHz In/PLL Off 10 k External Subcarrier Input. This pin 0.10 to 3.0 Vpp (AC coupled) of provides an input to a Phase Detector and subcarrier to phase–lock 4x oscillator or PLL and allows phase–lock of the 4x grounded to disable the PLL. oscillator to an external subcarrier reference. To disable the PLL, this pin should be grounded. 400 Hz of pull–in and lock–in range is possible with a crystal. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13077 PIN DESCRIPTIONS (continued) Pin 10 Symbol Internal Equivalent Schematic YOut 10 k 10 k Description Expected Waveforms Luminance Delay Line Drive Output. A delay should be inserted between this pin and Pin 6 to match the delay incurred by the Chroma. 1.0 Vpp with sync (100% saturated Color Bar output). 1.4 V 11 Gnd Ground Ground 12 RedIn Red Video input. 0.7 Vpp AC coupled (100% Color Bars). Vref See Pin 12 Green Video input. 0.7 Vpp AC coupled (100% Color Bars). See Pin 12 Blue Video input. 0.7 Vpp AC coupled (100% Color Bars). 20 k 13 14 GreenIn BlueIn 15 B–Y Clamp B–Y Clamp storage capacitor. A 0.01 µF capacitor should be connected from this pin to ground, unless the pin is used as an input. If not used as an input the pin is clamped during sync to 2.4 Vdc. Can be used as a B–Y input (AC coupled, 350 mVpp, 100% color saturation). Burst Flag, if disabled at Pin 18, must be inserted here with the following signal levels; –170 mV (NTSC), –121 mV (PAL). 16 R–Y Clamp R–Y Clamp storage capacitor. A 0.01 µF capacitor should be connected from this pin to ground, unless the pin is used as an input. If not used as an input the pin is clamped during sync to 2.4 Vdc. Can be used as a R–Y input (AC coupled, 490 mVpp, 100% color saturation). Burst Flag, if disabled at Pin 18, must be inserted here with the following signal level; +121 mV for PAL. 17 Chroma Out Chroma Bandpass Drive Output. 2.8 Vpp (100% Color Bars) 18 Burst Flag Out/Force Burst Flag Burst Flag Output Disable and Force pin. If left unconnected, internally generated color burst will appear at Pins 2 and 4. Burst Flag will appear at this pin (18). If grounded, the Burst Flag will be disabled. If externally driven from another source of burst flag, the internal flags will be overriden. 1.8 Vpp burst flag pulses if unconnected. PAL/NTSC system switch. If grounded, the MC13077 will encode NTSC, and if left open, PAL. In PAL mode, a PAL squarewave appears at this pin, the phase of which can be reset by momentarily forcing the pin to ground during the high state of the squarewave. Chroma Bandpass input. Output from chroma bandpass filter should be applied at this pin. 1.4 Vpp (100% Color Bars) with bandpass filter and 1.0 kΩ matching resistors. VCC Internal Burst Flag 19 20 PAL Square– wave Out/Force NTSC Chroma In 10 k 1/2 VCC VCC 1.4 V 10 k 10 k 2.0 V MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5 MC13077 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Composite Sync Input Other than the component video inputs to be encoded, only Composite Sync is required for encoding the components into a composite signal compatible with either the NTSC or PAL standard. The Composite Sync input is used internally for determining which standard to encode to, for driving the black level clamps, and to set the timing of the composite sync in the outputs. The Composite Sync/Sync Separator input was designed to accept AC or DC coupled inputs making it possible to drive the sync input from a variety of sources. An interesting note is that composite video can also be used for sync input. The threshold of the sync input is 1.4 Vdc. Figure 2 shows the requirements for sync input. Figure 2. Sync Input Amplitude Requirements The clamp capacitors at Pins 5, 15 and 16 are used to store the reference voltage during the line period. RGB Inputs To encode RGB, the component video inputs (Pins 12, 13, 14) are applied to the Luma (Y) and color difference (R–Y, B–Y) matrix. The color difference signals are then conditioned by Sallen–key low pass filters (f–3dB = 4.0 MHz). The inputs are designed so that 700 mVpp RGB provides 100% color saturation. The first color difference component (R–Y) is created by matrixing the RGB components with the following weights: R–Y = 0.70R – 0.59G – 0.11B The second color difference signal (B–Y) is created in a similar fashion by the equation: B–Y = 0.89B – 0.59G – 0.30R VCC Baseline Voltage Sync Input 1.4 V Sync Tip Voltage Gnd Figure 3. TTL Sync Input Circuit 5.1 k TTL Sync 0.1 µ 7 240 Luma and Color Difference Clamps Clamping for the MC13077 occurs once every horizontal line during sync. The absence of color creates a color difference component voltage of zero, this null is used to generate a reference voltage for black in the video outputs. 6 (2) These two components then receive burst flag before being modulated by the color subcarrier to create composite chroma. The luma is also the result of a weighted matrixing of the RGB components. The components and corresponding weights are: Y = 0.30R + 0.59G + 0.11B Both serrated and block vertical sync can be used for NTSC applications. PAL applications require a serrated vertical sync. The serrations at the horizontal rate trigger the PAL flip–flop to generate the swinging burst. Even though the sync input of the MC13077 is well suited for TTL interface, some functions of the IC are susceptible to the high energy present in such signals and may be disturbed. This disturbance may take the form of a noise spike in the video outputs and/or a disturbance of the 4x oscillator resulting in an incorrect encoding of the chroma information. Therefore, it is recommended that if TTL or other fast–edged inputs are going to be used for the sync input, then either the amplitude and/or the edge speed of the sync input pulse should be reduced. 300 mVpp of sync without a reduction of edge speed has to be shown to produce disturbance free operation. Also, a sync input of 4.0 Vpp and edge rates of 225 ns have been shown to produce similar results. Figure 3 shows a recommended coupling circuit for TTL type composite sync. (1) (3) Composite sync is then added to the result of Equation 3 to create composite luma. The luma information thus created must be eventually recombined with the chroma information. However, since the chroma information created by Equations 1 and 2 is filtered internally before being modulated then bandlimited externally, the resultant encoded chroma experiences a group delay that is the sum of the delay imposed by the internal and external filtering. So, the composite luma is output at Pin 10 so that an external delay can be inserted in the path to match the delay incurred by the composite chroma. The delayed composite luma is then input back into the MC13077 at Pin 6. Color Difference Inputs If the MC13077 is intended to encode color difference signals (YUV or Y, R–Y, B–Y), it becomes necessary to bypass the color difference and luma matrix circuitry. This can be accomplished by inputing directly to the color modulators the color difference signals. 491 mVpp and 349 mVpp should be input to the R–Y and B–Y Clamp pins (Pin 16 and Pin 15) respectively, to achieve 100% color saturation in the composite video output. The luma information can be input in two ways. The luma can be input directly into the RGB inputs (700 mVpp without sync), or through the delay line (1.0 Vpp with sync, sync tip–to–peak white) in which case the RGB inputs should be cap–coupled to ground. In either case, composite sync still needs to be input to the MC13077 at Pin 7 (see Figures 11, 12 and 13). If the R–Y and B–Y inputs also have burst flag, it can also be input along with the color difference signals at these pins. Of course, now since the color difference modulator pre–filtering is circumvented, the delay for the luma information should be matched only to the delay of the bandpass filter. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13077 Figure 4. Versatility of the 4x fsc Oscillator 4x fsc Crystal 8 5–25 pF MC13077 Oscillator Free Run with Crystal 4x fsc Drive (150 mV to 3.0 Vpp) 220 8 150 p 1000 pF 9 9 4x fsc Crystal Direct Drive of Oscillator with 4x fsc Source 4x fsc Resonator 8 5–25 pF 1000 pF fsc Subcarrier Reference Input (Pull–in Range of ± 400 Hz) MC13077 MC13077 9 Oscillator Phase Lock with Crystal to Subcarrier Reference 8 Subcarrier Reference Input 1000 pF MC13077 9 Oscillator Phase Lock with Resonator to Subcarrier Reference 4X Subcarrier Oscillator To encode the color difference components, an accurate and reliable subcarrier source is required. The MC13077 has an on–chip single pin oscillator that will free–run with a 4x fsc crystal, phase–lock to an external subcarrier reference with a 4x fsc crystal or resonator, or be driven externally from a 4x fsc source. If the 4x fsc oscillator is going to be free run, the subcarrier input (Pin 9) should be grounded. If the 4x fsc oscillator is going to be phase–locked to an external subcarrier source, the external reference should be capacitor–coupled to Pin 9. If the 4x fsc oscillator is going to be driven externally, Pin 8 should be driven from a network that increases the impedance of the source at frequencies capable of producing off–frequency oscillations. The 4x fsc subcarrier source, thus being defined, makes it possible to produce accurate quadrature subcarriers for the modulators. The 4x source is internally divided by a ring counter to produce the quadrature subcarrier signals. These signals in turn are provided to the color difference modulators to produce the modulated chroma. The oscillator was designed so that if a crystal is chosen as the resonant element of the 4x oscillator, the crystal specifications would be common. Crystal specifications for an adequate crystal are shown in 1 Table 1. Crystal Specifications Frequency: 14.31818 MHz (NTSC) 17.734475 MHz (PAL) Mode: Fundamental Frequency Tolerance (@25°C), 40 ppm Frequency Tolerance df/dfo (0° – 70°C), 40 ppm Load Capacitance: 20 pF ESR: 50 Ω C1(Internal Series Capacitance), 15 mpF This crystal is a common variety and is specified as a parallel resonant. Burst Flag Decoding In order to encode to either NTSC or PAL compatibility, the MC13077 must first determine which is the intended standard. The MC13077 accomplishes this with an internal decode using the sync input and the output of the divide by 4 ring counter. Internally, the Sync separator circuitry provides an output that is sampled by the subcarrier signal from the MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA ring counter. The result is an internal sync representative of externally input sync but synchronized to the internal subcarrier signal. This signal provides a reset for an internal 9–bit counter that provides divisions of the subcarrier signal from the ring counter at powers of 2 (i.e. 21, 22, 23,...29 = 512). The eighth bit of the counter gives the output, fsc ÷ 256. The decision to provide burst gate timing for PAL or NTSC is based upon the state of this output after one period of the horizontal sync. Figure 5 shows the relationship between the clock and the eighth bit of the counter. Triggering of the burst PAL flip–flop due to equalizing pulses is also inhibited by the decode circuitry. This is done by counting out beyond a half line interval before generating burst flag. If the MC13077 is encoding 525/60 component video to NTSC and the MC13077 is generating the burst flag, the start of burst will occur 18 counts after the leading edge of sync has been sampled, and will continue until nine cycles of burst have occurred. Since the reset pulse of the 9–bit counter has a resolution of 1.0/fsc, this implies that the start of burst will occur 5.17 ± 0.1397 µs after the leading edge of sync and also that the start (and end) of burst may differ by as much as 279.4 ns from line–to–line. If the MC13077 is encoding 625/50 to PAL, the subcarrier frequency will be 4.43361875 MHz and that implies a resolution of 225.5 ns for the burst position. For PAL encoding, 24 counts of the subcarrier are necessary before burst is initiated. So ten cycles of subcarrier will occur 5.53 ± 0.1128 µs after the leading edge of sync. After the timing of the burst gate is selected, the burst gate envelope is added to the color difference components. Another alternative to the internal determination of burst flag is the external input of burst flag. This allows the user to externally define the exact timing and duration of color burst. If external burst flag is available, it can be inserted at Pin 18. The threshold level is nominally VCC/2 and the input should not exceed VCC. Burst will begin when the leading edge of the burst flag input exceeds VCC/2 and will stop when it falls below VCC/2. If it is desired to disable the burst flag, Pin 18 can be pulled low. It is also possible to insert burst flag with the R–Y and B–Y components. This is done at the clamp pins with the respective color difference inputs with the internal burst flag generation disabled (Pin 18 grounded). 7 MC13077 Figure 5. Relationship Showing the Counts of a 3.58 MHz Clock versus a 4.43 MHz Clock at the End of a Horizontal Period fsc fsc/256 256 NTSC: (3.58 MHz) (63.56 µs) = 227.5 counts 512 PAL: (4.43 MHz) (64 µs) = 283.75 counts Chroma Band Limiting and Luma Delay Once the color difference and burst flag envelopes have been modulated, the two components are internally summed and applied to an output buffer that will drive the external bandpass circuitry before entering the chip again at Pin 20. The sum of the color difference modulators produces an output that is high in harmonic content. For this reason, and to reduce the possibility of cross color, a chroma bandpass transformer is used to band–limit the chroma. Suggested bandpass filters and specifications for NTSC and PAL are shown in Figure 6a and 6b. For each of these filters, approximately 300 ns of group delay is experienced by the filtered chroma. There is also an internal delay on the order of 100 ns due to internal filtering that must be considered. Thus a 400 ns luma delay line is used to equalize the timing of the luma and the chroma. Suitable 400 ns delay lines are the TOKO H321LNP–1436PBAB and the TDK DL122401D–1533. The delay of the luma channel is inserted between Pins 10 and 6. Pin 10 is the buffered output of the luma from the RGB matrix. This output is capable of driving the external passive delay line with no external gain or buffering required. Figure 6a. Group Delay and Magnitude Response of the TOKO Bandpass Filter Intended for NTSC Applications Figure 6b. Group Delay and Magnitude Response of the TOKO Bandpass Filter Intended for PAL Applications TOKO H286BAlS–6276DAD NTSC Bandpass Filter 4.7 nF 1.0 k 20 17 30 20 1 3 6 4 1.0 k 40 0.4 50 60 0.2 Group Delay 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7.0 8.0 9.0 Characteristics of TOKO Bandpass Filter (H286BAIS – 6276DAD) Attenuation 10 20 17 30 TOKO H286BAIS–4963DAD PAL Bandpass Filter 4.7 nF 1.0 k 1 3 6 4 20 1.0 k 40 0.4 50 60 0.2 Group Delay 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 FREQUENCY (MHz) 7.0 GROUP DELAY (µ s) Attenuation 10 RELATIVE ATTENUATION (dB) 0 GROUP DELAY (µ s) RELATIVE ATTENUATION (dB) 0 8.0 9.0 Characteristics of TOKO Bandpass Filter (H286BAIS – 4963DAD) Frequency (MHz) Attenuation (dB) Group Delay (µs) Frequency (MHz) Attenuation (dB) Group Delay (µs) 2.0 8.0 (min) 0.12 2.50 10 (min) 0.075 8 2.8 3.0 ± 3.0 0.25 3.73 3.0 ± 3.0 0.24 3.58 Ins. Loss 3.5 (max) 0.290 ± 0.030 4.43 Ins Loss 2.0 (max) 0.295 ± 0.035 4.3 3.0 ± 3.0 0.24 5.13 3.0 ± 3.0 0.24 6.2 15 (min) 0.05 6.50 12 (min) 0.05 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13077 Video Outputs After being filtered, the composite chroma is recombined with the composite luma information for the Composite Video output. The composite chroma and composite luma components are also kept separate and buffered for the chroma S–Video and luma S–Video outputs. The video outputs are provided with low impedance emitter–follower stages and, therefore, require an external 75 Ω impedance determining series resistor (see Figure 7). The outputs are designed to drive a 75 Ω load through the external 75 Ω series resistor. The Composite Video output will provide 1.23 Vpp of video (sync tip–to–peak chroma) for 100% saturated video at the 75 Ω load. Luma S–Video will be 1.0 Vpp (sync tip–to–peak white) at the 75 Ω load and the Chroma S–Video output will provide 885 mVpp at the 75 Ω load. Chroma Encoding Modulation of the color difference components is performed by two double–balanced mixers that are driven from quadrature signals provided by an internal ring counter. The quadrature signals are derived from a ring counter that is driven by the 4x oscillator, and which makes highly accurate quadrature angles possible. If PAL encoding is selected, negative burst flag envelope is provided to both B–Y and R–Y components equally, then the R–Y envelope phase is switched positive and negative from line–to–line to provide the PAL alternating burst phase characteristic. An internal flip–flop that provides the internal fH/2 switching is enabled by opening the connection at Pin 19. If enabled, the pin will exhibit the internally generated half line frequency squarewave. If it is desired to reverse the sense of the PAL swinging burst, it can be done at this pin by pulling Pin 19 low when the squarewave is high. The component envelopes with the proper PAL burst phase are then modulated to produce the composite chroma. If the MC13077 is encoding to NTSC, only the B–Y color difference component is provided a negative burst flag. This envelope when modulated results in the characteristic –180° phase difference between the color burst and the subcarrier for the B–Y component. Pin 19 should be grounded for NTSC operation to disable the PAL flip–flop. Figure 7. Composite S–Luma and S–Chroma Video Outputs MC13077 75 Ω Zo = 75 Ω 75 Ω 1.0 kΩ APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Figures 8 through 13 are application examples showing the versatility of the MC13077. Figure 8. Standard Encoder Application with RGB Inputs and Phase–Locked Subcarrier 20 19 18 17 16 15 1.0 µ 14 1.0 µ R-In Gnd 1.0 µ 10 n G-In 10 n B-In 1.0 k (B-Y) Clamp Chroma Out Burst Flag 4.7 n PAL/NTSC Chroma In 1.1 k (R-Y) Clamp Chroma Bandpass 13 12 11 8 9 10 MC13077 14.32/ 17.73 20 p 1.0 n Luma Out 10 n 7 Sync In 75 6 Luma In 75 5 Luma Clamp 75 4 S-Chroma 3 S-Luma VCC 1.0 µF 2 Comp. Video 1 Subcarrier In +5.0 V 1.2 k Luma Delay 1.2 k MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 9 MC13077 Figure 9. Encoder with RGB Inputs and Unlocked Subcarrier 20 19 18 17 16 15 1.0 µ 14 1.0 µ R-In Gnd 1.0 µ 10 n G-In 10 n B-In 1.0 k (B-Y) Clamp Chroma Out Burst Flag 4.7 n PAL/NTSC Chroma In 1.1 k (R-Y) Clamp Chroma Bandpass 13 12 11 8 9 10 MC13077 +5.0 V Luma Out 10 n 7 Sync In 75 6 Luma In 75 5 Luma Clamp 75 4 S-Chroma VCC 1.0 µF 3 S-Luma 2 Comp. Video 1 14.32/ 17.73 20 p 1.2 k Luma Delay 1.2 k Figure 10. Encoder with RGB Inputs and 4x Subcarrier Drive 19 20 18 17 16 15 1.0 µ R-In 1.0 µ Gnd 1.0 µ 10 n G-In 10 n B-In 1.0 k (B-Y) Clamp Chroma Out Burst Flag 4.7 n PAL/NTSC Chroma In 1.1 k (R-Y) Clamp Chroma Bandpass 14 13 12 11 7 8 9 10 MC13077 150 p 220 Luma Out 10 n Sync In 75 6 Luma In 75 5 Luma Clamp 75 4 S-Chroma 3 S-Luma VCC 1.0 µF 2 Comp. Video 1 4X Subcarrier In +5.0 V 1.2 k 1.0 n Luma Delay 1.2 k 10 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13077 Figure 11. Encoder with Luma and Color Difference Inputs Using Phase–Locked Subcarrier 20 19 18 17 16 10 n 4.7 µ 15 14 Gnd 10 n Y-In 1.0 k (B-Y) Clamp Chroma Out Burst Flag 4.7 n PAL/NTSC Chroma In 1.1 k (R-Y) Clamp R–Y, B–Y Source Impedance <500 Ω Chroma Bandpass 13 12 11 8 9 10 MC13077 14.32/ 17.73 20 p 1.0 n Luma Out 10 n 7 Sync In 75 6 Luma In 75 5 Luma Clamp 75 4 S-Chroma VCC 1.0 µF 3 S-Luma 2 Comp. Video 1 Subcarrier In +5.0 V 1.2 k Luma Delay 1.2 k Figure 12. Encoder with Composite Luma and Color Difference Inputs Using Phase–Locked Subcarrier 20 19 18 17 10 n 16 10 n 1.0 n Gnd 1.0 k (B-Y) Clamp Chroma Out Burst Flag 4.7 n PAL/NTSC Chroma In 1.1 k (R-Y) Clamp R–Y, B–Y Source Impedance <500 Ω Chroma Bandpass 15 14 13 12 11 8 9 10 MC13077 10 n 7 Sync In 75 6 Luma In 75 5 Luma Clamp 75 4 S-Chroma 3 S-Luma VCC 1.0 µF 2 Comp. Video 1 14.32/ 17.73 20 p Subcarrier In +5.0 V Luma Delay 1.2 k MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 1.0 n 1.2 k Composite Y–Input 11 MC13077 Figure 13. Encoder with Composite Luma and Color Difference Inputs Using the Sync Separator and Having Phase–Locked Subcarrier 20 19 18 17 10 n 16 10 n 1.0 n Gnd 1.0 k (B-Y) Clamp Chroma Out Burst Flag 4.7 n PAL/NTSC Chroma In 1.1 k (R-Y) Clamp R–Y, B–Y Source Impedance <500 Ω Chroma Bandpass 15 14 13 12 11 8 9 10 MC13077 10 n 7 Sync In 75 6 Luma In 75 5 Luma Clamp 75 4 S-Chroma 3 S-Luma VCC 1.0 µF 2 Comp. Video 1 14.32/ 17.73 10 n 20 p Subcarrier In +5.0 V Luma Delay 1.2 k 1.0 n 1.2 k Composite Y–Input Recommended Vendors Bandpass Filters and Delay Lines TOKO America Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mt. Prospect, IL 60056 Crystals Fox Electronics 5570 Enterprise Pkwy Ft. Myers, FL 33905 (813) 693–0099 (708) 297–0070 (708) 699–7864 (fax) Delay Lines TDK Corp. of America 1600 Feehanville Drive Mt. Prospect, IL 60056 Standard Crystal Corporation 9940 E. Baldwin Place El Monte, CA 91731 (818) 443–2121 (708) 803–6100 12 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA MC13077 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 738–03 ISSUE E -A20 11 1 10 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. B C -T- L K SEATING PLANE M E N G F J 20 PL 0.25 (0.010) D 20 PL 0.25 (0.010) M T A M M DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751D–04 (SO–20L) ISSUE E –A– 20 10X P 0.010 (0.25) 1 M B M 10 20X D 0.010 (0.25) M T A B S J S F R C –T– 18X G K MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA SEATING PLANE M INCHES MIN MAX 1.010 1.070 0.240 0.260 0.150 0.180 0.015 0.022 0.050 BSC 0.050 0.070 0.100 BSC 0.008 0.015 0.110 0.140 0.300 BSC 15° 0° 0.020 0.040 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 25.66 27.17 6.10 6.60 3.81 4.57 0.39 0.55 1.27 BSC 1.27 1.77 2.54 BSC 0.21 0.38 2.80 3.55 7.62 BSC 0° 15° 1.01 0.51 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.150 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 11 –B– T B DIM A B C D E F G J K L M N X 45 _ DIM A B C D F G J K M P R MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 12.65 12.95 7.40 7.60 2.35 2.65 0.35 0.49 0.50 0.90 1.27 BSC 0.25 0.32 0.10 0.25 0_ 7_ 10.05 10.55 0.25 0.75 INCHES MIN MAX 0.499 0.510 0.292 0.299 0.093 0.104 0.014 0.019 0.020 0.035 0.050 BSC 0.010 0.012 0.004 0.009 0_ 7_ 0.395 0.415 0.010 0.029 M 13 MC13077 Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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