MICREL KSZ8993ML

KS8993M/ML/MI
Integrated 3-Port 10/100 Managed
Switch with PHYs
Rev 1.04
General Description
The KS8993M contains two 10/100 transceivers with
patented mixed-signal low-power technology, three
media access control (MAC) units, a high-speed
non-blocking switch fabric, a dedicated address
lookup engine, and an on-chip frame buffer memory.
The KS8993M, a highly integrated Layer 2 managed
switch, is designed for low port count, cost-sensitive
10/100 Mbps switch systems. It offers an extensive
feature set that includes tag/port-based VLAN,
quality of service (QoS) priority, management,
management information base (MIB) counters,
MII/SNI, and CPU control/data interfaces to
effectively address both current and emerging Fast
Ethernet applications.
Both PHY units support 10BASE-T and 100BASETX. In addition, one of the PHY unit supports
100BASE-FX.
The KS8993ML is the single supply version with all
the identical rich features of the KS8993M.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Functional Diagram
1KLook-Up
Engine
AUTO
MDI/MDI-X
10/100
MAC1
10/100
T/TX
PHY 2
10/100
MAC2
10/100
MAC3
MII/SNI
SNI
Queue
Management
Buffer
Management
Frame
Buffers
SPI
MIB
Counters
Control
Registers
EEPROM
Interface
SPI
MIIM
FIFO,Flow Control, VLANTagging,Priority
AUTO
MDI/MDI-X
10/100
T/TX/FX
PHY 1
SMI
I2C
P1 LED[3:0]
P2 LED[3:0]
LED
Drivers
Strap-In
Configuration Pins
Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com
April 2005
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Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Features
• Proven Integrated 3-Port 10/100 Ethernet Switch
– 2nd generation switch with three MACs and two
PHYs fully compliant to IEEE 802.3u standard
– Non-blocking switch fabric assures fast packet
delivery by utilizing a 1K MAC address lookup table
and a store-and-forward architecture
– Full duplex IEEE 802.3x flow control (pause) with
force mode option
– Half-duplex back pressure flow control
– Automatic MDI/MDI-X crossover with disable and
enable option
– 100BASE-FX support on port 1
– MII interface supports both MAC mode and PHY
mode
– 7-wire serial network interface (SNI) support for
legacy MAC
– Comprehensive LED Indicator support for link,
activity, full/half duplex and 10/100 speed
• Comprehensive Configuration Register Access
– Serial management interface (SMI) to all internal
registers
– MII management (MIIM) interface to PHY registers
– SPI and I2C Interface to all internal registers
– I/0 Pins strapping and EEPROM to program
selective registers in unmanaged switch mode
– Control registers configurable on the fly (portpriority, 802.1p/d/q, AN…)
• QoS/CoS Packet Prioritization Support
– Per port, 802.1p and DiffServ-based
– Re-mapping of 802.1p priority field per port basis
• Advanced Switch Features
– IEEE 802.1q VLAN support for up to 16 groups
(full-range of VLAN ID)
– VLAN ID tag/untag options, per port basis
– IEEE 802.1p/q tag insertion or removal on a per
port basis (egress)
– Programmable rate limiting from 0Mbps to
100Mbps at the ingress and egress port, rate options
for high and low priority per port basis
– Broadcast storm protection with % control (global
and per port basis)
– IEEE 802.1d spanning tree protocol support
– Upstream special tagging mode to inform the
processor which ingress port receives the packet
– IGMP v1/v2 snooping support for multicast packet
filtering
– Double-tagging support
April 2005
• Switch Management Features
– Port mirroring/monitoring/sniffing: ingress and/or
egress traffic to any port or MII
– MIB counters for fully compliant statistics
gathering, 34 MIB counters per port
– Loopback modes for remote diagnostic of failure
• Low Power Dissipation: <0.8 Watts (includes PHY
transmit drivers)
– Full-chip hardware power-down (register
configuration not saved)
– Per port based software power-save on PHY (idle
link detection, register configuration preserved)
– 0.18um CMOS technology
– Voltages: Core 1.8V
I/O and Transceiver 3.3V
Use K8993ML for 3.3V only operation
• Industrial Temperature Range: –40oC to +85oC
• Available in128-Pin PQFP
Applications
• Universal Solutions
– Broadband gateway / Firewall / VPN
– Integrated DSL or cable modem multi-port router
– Wireless LAN access point + gateway
– Residential and enterprise VoIP gateway/phone
– Set-top/game box
– Home networking expansion
– Standalone 10/100 switch
– FTTx customer premises equipment
– Fiber broadband gateway
• Upgradeable Solutions(1)
– Unmanaged switch with future option to migrate to
a managed solution
– Single PHY alternative with future expansion
option for two ports
• Industrial Solutions
– Applications requiring port redundancy and port
monitoring
– Sensor devices in redundant ring topology
Note:
1. The cost and time of PCB re-spin.
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M9999-041205
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KS8993M/ML/MI
Ordering Information
Part Number
Temperature Range
o
o
KS8993M
0 C to 70 C
KS8993ML
0oC to 70oC
KS8993MI
o
128-Pin PQFP
128-Pin PQFP
o
–40 C to +85 C
o
o
Package
128-Pin PQFP
KSZ8993M
0 C to 70 C
128-Pin PQFP, Lead-free
KSZ8993ML
0oC to 70oC
128-Pin PQFP, Lead-free
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KS8993M/ML/MI
Revision History
Revision
Date
Summary of Changes
1.00
5/14/03
Created.
1.01
5/28/03
Added KS8993MI availability in Q4 2003.
1.02
12/8/03
Changed VDDIO, VDDATX and VDDARX supply voltages
from 3.3V to (3.3V or 2.5V).
Changed [PS1,PS0] = [1,1] setting from Reserved to SMI mode.
Changed Special Tagging Mode to Upstream Special Tagging Mode
(Switch port 3 to processor support only).
Updated recommended magnetic manufacturer list.
Added 25MHz crystal/oscillator clock’s ppm spec. in Pin Description.
2
Updated I C Slave Serial Bus Configuration section.
Updated KS8993MI availability to from Q1 2004.
1.03
9/22/04
Added KS8993ML to General Description (page 1) and to the Functional
Description.
Updated Part Ordering Information table.
Updated pin description for pin 22 to the following:
VDDC: For KS8993M, this is an input power pin for the 1.8V digital
core VDD.
VOUT_1V8: For KS8993ML, this is an 1.8V output power pin to
supply the KS8993ML’s input power pins: VDDAP
(pin 63), VDDC (pins 91, 123), and VDDA (pins 38,
43, 57).
Updated pin description for P1LED3 (pin 25) to indicate that an external
1K pull-down is needed if a LED is connected.
Updated pin description for MDIO (pin 95) to indicate that an external
4.7K pull-up is needed if this pin is in used.
Changed the aging period from 300 +/–75 seconds to about 200 seconds.
Updated Electrical Characteristics (VIH, VIL, VOH, VOL).
Transferred to new format.
1.04
4/12/05
Removed references to 2.5V operation
Added reset circuit recommendation
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KS8993M/ML/MI
Contents
List of Figures .........................................................................................................................................8
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................................8
Pin Description and I/O Assignment.....................................................................................................9
Pin Configuration..................................................................................................................................19
Functional Description .........................................................................................................................20
Functional Overview: Physical Layer Transceiver ............................................................................20
100BASE-TX Transmit.........................................................................................................................................................20
100BASE-TX Receive ..........................................................................................................................................................20
PLL Clock Synthesizer........................................................................................................................................................21
Scrambler/De-scrambler (100BASE-TX Only) ...................................................................................................................21
100BASE-FX Operation.......................................................................................................................................................21
100BASE-FX Signal Detection............................................................................................................................................21
100BASE-FX Far End Fault.................................................................................................................................................21
10BASE-T Transmit .............................................................................................................................................................21
10BASE-T Receive ..............................................................................................................................................................22
Power Management.............................................................................................................................................................22
MDI /MDI-X Auto Crossover................................................................................................................................................22
Straight Cable ................................................................................................................................................................23
Crossover Cable ............................................................................................................................................................24
Auto Negotiation .................................................................................................................................................................24
Functional Overview: MAC and Switch ..............................................................................................26
Address Lookup ..................................................................................................................................................................26
Learning ...............................................................................................................................................................................26
Migration ..............................................................................................................................................................................26
Aging ....................................................................................................................................................................................26
Forwarding...........................................................................................................................................................................26
Switching Engine ................................................................................................................................................................29
MAC Operation ....................................................................................................................................................................29
Inter Packet Gap (IPG) ..................................................................................................................................................29
Back-Off Algorithm.........................................................................................................................................................29
Late Collision .................................................................................................................................................................29
Illegal Frames ................................................................................................................................................................29
Flow Control...................................................................................................................................................................29
Half-Duplex Backpressure .............................................................................................................................................29
Broadcast Storm Protection ...........................................................................................................................................30
MII Interface Operation........................................................................................................................................................30
SNI (7-Wire) Operation ........................................................................................................................................................31
MII Management Interface (MIIM) .......................................................................................................................................31
Serial Management Interface (SMI) ....................................................................................................................................32
Advanced Switch Functions ................................................................................................................33
Spanning Tree Support.......................................................................................................................................................33
Upstream Special Tagging Mode .......................................................................................................................................34
IGMP Support ......................................................................................................................................................................35
“IGMP” Snooping ...........................................................................................................................................................35
“Multicast Address Insertion” in the Static MAC Table...................................................................................................35
Port Mirroring Support........................................................................................................................................................35
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Support ................................................................................................................................................35
QoS Priority Support...........................................................................................................................................................36
Rate Limiting Support .........................................................................................................................................................38
Configuration Interface .......................................................................................................................................................38
I2C Master Serial Bus Configuration ..............................................................................................................................38
I2C Slave Serial Bus Configuration ................................................................................................................................39
SPI Slave Serial Bus Configuration ...............................................................................................................................39
Loopback Support...............................................................................................................................................................43
MII Management (MIIM) Registers .......................................................................................................44
Register 0: MII Basic Control..........................................................................................................................................45
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KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 1: MII Basic Status ...........................................................................................................................................45
Register 2: PHYID HIGH ................................................................................................................................................45
Register 3: PHYID LOW.................................................................................................................................................45
Register 4: Auto-Negotiation Advertisement Ability ........................................................................................................46
Register 5: Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability ...........................................................................................................46
Register Map: Switch & PHY (8 bit registers).....................................................................................47
Global Registers.............................................................................................................................................................47
Port Registers ................................................................................................................................................................47
Advanced Control Registers...........................................................................................................................................47
Global Registers..................................................................................................................................................................47
Register 0 (0x00): Chip ID0............................................................................................................................................47
Register 1 (0x01): Chip ID1 / Start Switch......................................................................................................................48
Register 2 (0x02): Global Control 0 ................................................................................................................................48
Register 3 (0x03): Global Control 1 ................................................................................................................................49
Register 4 (0x04): Global Control 2 ................................................................................................................................49
Register 5 (0x05): Global Control 3 ................................................................................................................................50
Register 6 (0x06): Global Control 4 ................................................................................................................................51
Register 7 (0x07): Global Control 5 ................................................................................................................................52
Register 8 (0x08): Global Control 6 ................................................................................................................................52
Register 9 (0x09): Global Control 7 ................................................................................................................................52
Register 10 (0x0A): Global Control 8..............................................................................................................................52
Register 11 (0x0B): Global Control 9..............................................................................................................................52
Register 12 (0x0C): Reserved Register..........................................................................................................................53
Register 13 (0x0D): User Defined Register 1 .................................................................................................................53
Register 14 (0x0E): User Defined Register 2 .................................................................................................................53
Register 15 (0x0F): User Defined Register 3 .................................................................................................................53
Port Registers......................................................................................................................................................................54
Register 16 (0x10): Port 1 Control 0...............................................................................................................................54
Register 32 (0x20): Port 2 Control 0...............................................................................................................................54
Register 48 (0x30): Port 3 Control 0...............................................................................................................................54
Register 17 (0x11): Port 1 Control 1...............................................................................................................................55
Register 33 (0x21): Port 2 Control 1...............................................................................................................................55
Register 49 (0x31): Port 3 Control 1...............................................................................................................................55
Register 18 (0x12): Port 1 Control 2...............................................................................................................................56
Register 34 (0x22): Port 2 Control 2...............................................................................................................................56
Register 50 (0x32): Port 3 Control 2...............................................................................................................................56
Register 19 (0x13): Port 1 Control 3...............................................................................................................................56
Register 35 (0x23): Port 2 Control 3...............................................................................................................................56
Register 51 (0x33): Port 3 Control 3...............................................................................................................................56
Register 20 (0x14): Port 1 Control 4...............................................................................................................................57
Register 36 (0x24): Port 2 Control 4...............................................................................................................................57
Register 52 (0x34): Port 3 Control 4...............................................................................................................................57
Register 21 (0x15): Port 1 Control 5...............................................................................................................................57
Register 37 (0x25): Port 2 Control 5...............................................................................................................................57
Register 53 (0x35): Port 3 Control 5...............................................................................................................................57
Register 22 (0x16): Port 1 Control 6...............................................................................................................................57
Register 38 (0x26): Port 2 Control 6...............................................................................................................................57
Register 54 (0x36): Port 3 Control 6...............................................................................................................................57
Register 23 (0x17): Port 1 Control 7...............................................................................................................................57
Register 39 (0x27): Port 2 Control 7...............................................................................................................................57
Register 55 (0x37): Port 3 Control 7...............................................................................................................................57
Register 24 (0x18): Port 1 Control 8...............................................................................................................................57
Register 40 (0x28): Port 2 Control 8...............................................................................................................................57
Register 56 (0x38): Port 3 Control 8...............................................................................................................................57
Register 25 (0x19): Port 1 Control 9...............................................................................................................................58
Register 41 (0x29): Port 2 Control 9...............................................................................................................................58
Register 57 (0x39): Port 3 Control 9...............................................................................................................................58
Register 26 (0x1A): Port 1 Control 10 ............................................................................................................................58
Register 42 (0x2A): Port 2 Control 10 ............................................................................................................................58
Register 58 (0x3A): Port 3 Control 10 ............................................................................................................................58
Register 27 (0x1B): Port 1 Control 11 ............................................................................................................................58
Register 43 (0x2B): Port 2 Control 11 ............................................................................................................................58
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Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 59 (0x3B): Port 3 Control 11 ............................................................................................................................58
Register 28 (0x1C): Port 1 Control 12 ............................................................................................................................59
Register 44 (0x2C): Port 2 Control 12 ............................................................................................................................59
Register 60 (0x3C): Reserved, not applied to port 3 ......................................................................................................59
Register 29 (0x1D): Port 1 Control 13 ............................................................................................................................60
Register 45 (0x2D): Port 2 Control 13 ............................................................................................................................60
Register 61 (0x3D): Reserved, not applied to port 3 ......................................................................................................60
Register 30 (0x1E): Port 1 Status 0................................................................................................................................61
Register 46 (0x2E): Port 2 Status 0................................................................................................................................61
Register 62 (0x3E): Reserved, not applied to port 3 ......................................................................................................61
Register 31 (0x1F): Port 1 Status 1 ................................................................................................................................62
Register 47 (0x2F): Port 2 Status 1 ................................................................................................................................62
Register 63 (0x3F): Port 3 Status 1 ................................................................................................................................62
Advanced Control Registers ..............................................................................................................................................63
Register 96 (0x60): TOS Priority Control Register 0.......................................................................................................63
Register 97 (0x61): TOS Priority Control Register 1.......................................................................................................63
Register 98 (0x62): TOS Priority Control Register 2.......................................................................................................63
Register 99 (0x63): TOS Priority Control Register 3.......................................................................................................63
Register 100 (0x64): TOS Priority Control Register 4.....................................................................................................63
Register 101 (0x65): TOS Priority Control Register 5.....................................................................................................63
Register 102 (0x66): TOS Priority Control Register 6.....................................................................................................63
Register 103 (0x67): TOS Priority Control Register 7.....................................................................................................63
Register 104 (0x68): MAC Address Register 0 ..............................................................................................................64
Register 105 (0x69): MAC Address Register 1 ..............................................................................................................64
Register 106 (0x6A): MAC Address Register 2 ..............................................................................................................64
Register 107 (0x6B): MAC Address Register 3 ..............................................................................................................64
Register 108 (0x6C): MAC Address Register 4..............................................................................................................64
Register 109 (0X6D): MAC Address Register 5 .............................................................................................................64
Register 110 (0x6E): Indirect Access Control 0..............................................................................................................65
Register 111 (0x6F): Indirect Access Control 1..............................................................................................................65
Register 112 (0x70): Indirect Data Register 8 ................................................................................................................65
Register 113 (0x71): Indirect Data Register 7 ................................................................................................................65
Register 114 (0x72): Indirect Data Register 6 ................................................................................................................65
Register 115 (0x73): Indirect Data Register 5 ................................................................................................................65
Register 116 (0x74): Indirect Data Register 4 ................................................................................................................65
Register 117 (0x75): Indirect Data Register 3 ................................................................................................................66
Register 118 (0x76): Indirect Data Register 2 ................................................................................................................66
Register 119 (0x77): Indirect Data Register 1 ................................................................................................................66
Register 120 (0x78): Indirect Data Register 0 ................................................................................................................66
Registers 121 to 127 ......................................................................................................................................................66
Static MAC Address Table .............................................................................................................................................66
VLAN Table....................................................................................................................................................................67
Dynamic MAC Address Table ........................................................................................................................................68
MIB (Management Information Base) Counters .............................................................................................................69
Additional Information.....................................................................................................................................................72
Absolute Maximum Ratings.................................................................................................................73
Operating Ratings.................................................................................................................................73
Electrical Characteristics .....................................................................................................................74
Timing Specifications...........................................................................................................................76
EEPROM Timing ..................................................................................................................................................................76
SNI Timing............................................................................................................................................................................77
MII Timing….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………77
MAC Mode MII Timing....................................................................................................................................................78
PHY-Mode MII Timing ....................................................................................................................................................79
SPI Timing….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...77
Input Timing ...................................................................................................................................................................80
Output Timing.................................................................................................................................................................81
Reset Timing........................................................................................................................................................................82
Selection of Isolation Transformers....................................................................................................84
Selection of Reference Crystal ............................................................................................................84
Package Information.............................................................................................................................85
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KS8993M/ML/MI
List of Figures
Figure 1. Typical Straight Cable Connection .......................................................................................................................................24
Figure 2. Typical Crossover Cable Connection ...................................................................................................................................24
Figure 3. Auto Negotiation and Parallel Operation .............................................................................................................................25
Figure 4. Destination Address Lookup Flow Chart, Stage 1 ..............................................................................................................27
Figure 5. Destination Address Resolution Flow Chart, Stage 2 ........................................................................................................28
Figure 6. 802.1p Priority Field Format ..................................................................................................................................................37
Figure 7. KS8993M EEPROM Configuration Timing Diagram ............................................................................................................38
Figure 8. SPI Write Data Cycle...............................................................................................................................................................41
Figure 9. SPI Read Data Cycle ...............................................................................................................................................................41
Figure 10. SPI Multiple Write..................................................................................................................................................................41
Figure 11. SPI Multiple Read..................................................................................................................................................................42
Figure 12. Loopback Path ......................................................................................................................................................................43
Figure 13. EEPROM Interface Input Timing Diagram ..........................................................................................................................76
Figure 14. EEPROM Interface Output Timing Diagram .......................................................................................................................76
Figure 15. SNI Input Timing Diagram....................................................................................................................................................77
Figure 16. SNI Output Timing Diagram.................................................................................................................................................77
Figure 17. MAC-Mode MII Timing – Data Received from MII ..............................................................................................................78
Figure 18. MAC-Mode MII Timing – Data Input to MII ..........................................................................................................................78
Figure 19. PHY-Mode MII Timing – Data Received from MII ...............................................................................................................79
Figure 20. PHY-Mode MII Timing – Data Input to MII...........................................................................................................................79
Figure 21. SPI Input Timing....................................................................................................................................................................80
Figure 22. SPI Output Timing.................................................................................................................................................................81
Figure 23. Reset Timing .........................................................................................................................................................................82
128-Pin PQFP Package...........................................................................................................................................................................85
List of Tables
Table 1. FX and TX Mode Selection ......................................................................................................................................................21
Table 2. MDI/MDI-X Pin Definitions........................................................................................................................................................22
Table 3. MII Signals .................................................................................................................................................................................30
Table 4. SNI Signals ................................................................................................................................................................................31
Table 5. MII Management Interface Frame Format ..............................................................................................................................32
Table 6. Serial Management Interface (SMI) Frame Format................................................................................................................32
Table 7. Upstream Special Tagging Mode Format ..............................................................................................................................34
Table 8. STPID Egress Rules (Switch Port 3 to Processor)................................................................................................................34
Table 9. FID+DA Lookup in VLAN Mode ...............................................................................................................................................36
Table 10. FID+SA Lookup in VLAN Mode .............................................................................................................................................36
Table 11. KS8993M SPI Connections....................................................................................................................................................40
Table 12. Format of Static MAC Table (8 Entries)................................................................................................................................66
Table 13. Format of Static VLAN Table (16 Entries) ............................................................................................................................68
Table 14. Format of Dynamic MAC Address Table (1K Entries) ........................................................................................................68
Table 15. Format of “Per Port” MIB Counters......................................................................................................................................69
Table 16. Port 1s “Per Port” MIB Counters Indirect Memory Offsets................................................................................................70
Table 17. Port 1’s “Per Port” MIB Counters Indirect Memory Offsets...............................................................................................71
Table 18. Format of “All Port Dropped Packet” MIB Counters ..........................................................................................................71
Table 19. “All Port Dropped Packet” MIB Counters Indirect Memory Offsets .................................................................................71
Table 20. EEPROM Timing Parameters ................................................................................................................................................76
Table 21. SNI Timing Parameters ..........................................................................................................................................................77
Table 22. MAC-Mode MII Timing Parameters .......................................................................................................................................78
Table 23. PHY-Mode MII Timing Parameters ........................................................................................................................................79
Table 24. SPI Input Timing Parameters ................................................................................................................................................80
Table 25. SPI Output Timing Parameters .............................................................................................................................................81
Table 26. Reset Timing Parameters ......................................................................................................................................................82
Table 27. Transformer Selection Criteria..............................................................................................................................................84
Table 28. Qualified Single Port Magnetics ...........................................................................................................................................84
Table 29. Typical Reference Crystal Characteristics ..........................................................................................................................84
April 2005
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KS8993M/ML/MI
Pin Description and I/O Assignment
Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
1
P1LED2
Ipu/O
Port 1 LED indicators
2
P1LED1
Ipu/O
[LEDSEL1, LEDSEL0]
3
P1LED0
Ipu/O
[0, 0]
[0, 1]
—
—
P1LED2
Link/Act
100Link/Act
P1LED1
Full duplex/Col
10Link/Act
P1LED0
Speed
Full duplex
P1LED3
[LEDSEL1, LEDSEL0]
[1, 0]
[1, 1]
Act
—
P1LED2
Link
—
P1LED1
Full duplex/Col
—
P1LED0
Speed
—
P1LED3
Notes:
LEDSEL0 is external strap-in pin 70.
LEDSEL1 is external strap-in pin 23.
P1LED3 is pin 25.
During reset, P1LED[2:0] are inputs for internal testing.
Port 2 LED indicators
4
P2LED2
Ipu/O
5
P2LED1
Ipu/O
[LEDSEL1, LEDSEL0]
6
P2LED0
Ipu/O
[0, 0]
[0, 1]
P2LED3
—
—
P2LED2
Link/Act
100Link/Act
P2LED1
Full duplex/Col
10Link/Act
P2LED0
Speed
Full duplex
[LEDSEL1, LEDSEL0]
[1, 0]
[1, 1]
P2LED3
Act
—
P2LED2
Link
—
P2LED1
Full duplex/Col
—
P2LED0
Speed
—
Notes:
LEDSEL0 is external strap-in pin 70.
LEDSEL1 is external strap-in pin 23.
P2LED3 is pin 20.
During reset, P2LED[2:0] are inputs for internal testing.
7
DGND
Gnd
Digital ground
Note:
1. Ipu/O = Input with internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise.
Gnd = Ground.
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KS8993M/ML/MI
Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
8
VDDIO
P
3.3V digital VDD
9
NC
Ipd
No connect
10
NC
Ipd
No connect
11
NC
Ipu
No connect
12
ADVFC
Ipu
1 = advertise the switch’s flow control capability via auto
negotiation.
0 = will not advertise the switch’s flow control capability via
auto negotiation.
13
P2ANEN
Ipu
1 = enable auto negotiation on port 2
0 = disable auto negotiation on port 2
14
P2SPD
Ipd
1 = force port 2 to 100BT if P2ANEN = 0
0 = force port 2 to 10BT if P2ANEN = 0
15
P2DPX
Ipd
1 = port 2 default to full duplex mode if P2ANEN = 1 and auto
negotiation fails. Force port 2 in full duplex mode if P2ANEN
= 0.
0 = port 2 default to half duplex mode if P2ANEN = 1 and
auto negotiation fails. Force port 2 in half duplex mode if
P2ANEN = 0.
16
P2FFC
Ipd
1 = always enable (force) port 2 flow control feature
0 = port 2 flow control feature enable is determined by auto
negotiation result.
17
NC
Opu
No connect
18
NC
Ipd
No connect
19
NC
Ipd
No connect
20
P2LED3
Opd
Port 2 LED indicator
Note: Internal pull-down is weak; it will not turn ON the LED.
See description in pin 4.
21
DGND
Gnd
Digital ground
22
VDDC/VOUT_1
V8
P
VDDC: For KS8993M, this is an input power pin for the 1.8V
digital core VDD.
VOUT_1V8: For KS8993ML, this is a 1.8V output power pin to
supply the KS8993ML’s input power pins: VDDAP (pin 63),
VDDC (pins 91 and 123), and VDDA (pins 38, 43, and 57).
23
LEDSEL1
Ipd
LED display mode select
24
NC
O
No connect
25
P1LED3
Opd
Port 1 LED indicator
See description in pins 1 and 4.
Note: An external 1K pull-down is needed on this pin if it is
connected to a LED. The 1K resistor will not turn ON the
LED.
See description in pin 1.
Note:
1. P = Power supply.
Gnd = Ground.
O = Output.
Ipu = Input w/ internal pull-up.
Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
Opu = Output with internal pull-up.
April 2005
Opd = Output internal pull-down.
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Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
26
NC
O
No connect
27
HWPOVR
Ipd
Hardware pin overwrite
0 = Disable. All strap-in pins configurations are overwritten by
the EEPROM configuration data
1 = Enable. All strap-in pins configurations are overwritten by
the EEPROM configuration data, except for register 0x2C bits
[7:5], (port 2: auto-negotiation enable, force speed, force
duplex).
28
P2MDIXDIS
Ipd
Port 2 Auto MDI/MDI-X
PD (default) = enable
PU = disable
29
P2MDIX
Ipd
Port 2 MDI/MDI-X setting when auto MDI/MDI-X is disabled.
PD (default) = MDI-X (transmit on TXP2 / TXM2 pins)
PU = MDI, (transmit on RXP2 / RXM2 pins)
30
P1ANEN
Ipu
31
P1SPD
Ipd
1 = enable auto negotiation on port 1
0 = disable auto negotiation on port 1
1 = force port 1 to 100BT if P1ANEN = 0
0 = force port 1 to 10BT if P1ANEN = 0
32
P1DPX
Ipd
1 = port 1 default to full duplex mode if P1ANEN = 1 and auto
negotiation fails. Force port 1 in full-duplex mode if P1ANEN
= 0.
0 = port 1 default to half duplex mode if P1ANEN = 1 and auto
negotiation fails. Force port 1 in half duplex mode if P1ANEN
= 0.
33
P1FFC
Ipd
1 = always enable (force) port 1 flow control feature
0 = port 1 flow control feature enable is determined by auto
negotiation result.
34
NC
Ipd
No connect
35
NC
Ipd
No connect
36
PWRDN
Ipu
Chip power-down input (active low)
37
AGND
Gnd
Analog ground
38
VDDA
P
1.8V analog VDD
39
AGND
Gnd
Analog ground
40
MUX1
I
Factory test pin - float for normal operation
41
MUX2
I
Factory test pin - float for normal operation
42
AGND
Gnd
Analog ground
43
VDDA
P
1.8V analog VDD
44
FXSD1
I
Fiber signal detect/factory test pin
Note:
1. P = Power supply.
Gnd = Ground.
I = Input.
O = Output.
Ipu = Input w/ internal pull-up.
Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
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Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
45
RXP1
I/O
Physical receive or transmit signal (+ differential)
46
RXM1
I/O
Physical receive or transmit signal (– differential)
47
AGND
Gnd
Analog ground
48
TXP1
I/O
Physical transmit or receive signal (+ differential)
49
TXM1
I/O
Physical transmit or receive signal (– differential)
50
VDDATX
P
3.3V analog VDD
51
VDDARX
P
3.3V analog VDD
52
RXM2
I/O
Physical receive or transmit signal (– differential)
53
RXP2
I/O
Physical receive or transmit signal (+ differential)
54
AGND
Gnd
Analog ground.
55
TXM2
I/O
Physical transmit or receive signal (– differential)
56
TXP2
I/O
Physical transmit or receive signal (+ differential)
57
VDDA
P
1.8 analog VDD
58
AGND
Gnd
Analog ground
59
TEST1
I
Factory test pin - float for normal operation
60
TEST2
Ipu
Factory test pin - float or pull-up for normal operation
61
ISET
O
Set physical transmit output current.
Pull-down this pin with a 3.01K 1% resistor to ground.
62
AGND
Gnd
Analog ground
63
VDDAP
P
1.8V analog VDD for PLL
64
AGND
Gnd
Analog ground.
65
X1
I
25MHz crystal/oscillator clock connections
66
X2
O
Pins (X1, X2) connect to a crystal. If an oscillator is used, X1
connects to a 3.3V tolerant oscillator and X2 is a no connect.
67
RST_N
Ipu
Hardware reset pin (active low)
68
BPEN
Ipd
Half-duplex backpressure
Note: Clock is +/- 50ppm for both crystal and oscillator.
1 = enable
0 = disable
69
SMAC
Ipd
Special Mac-mode
In this mode, the switch will do faster back-offs than normal.
1 = enable
0 = disable
Note:
1. P = Power supply.
Gnd = Ground.
I = Input.
O = Output.
Ipu = Input w/ internal pull-up.
Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
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Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
70
LEDSEL0
Ipd
LED display mode select
71
SMTXEN
Ipd
Switch MII transmit enable
72
SMTXD3
Ipd
Switch MII transmit data bit 3
73
SMTXD2
Ipd
Switch MII transmit data bit 2
74
SMTXD1
Ipd
Switch MII transmit data bit 1
75
SMTXD0
Ipd
Switch MII transmit data bit 0
76
SMTXER
Ipd
Switch MII transmit error
77
SMTXC
Ipd/O
See description in pins 1 and 4.
Switch MII transmit clock
Output in PHY MII mode
Input in MAC MII mode
78
DGND
Gnd
Digital ground
79
VDDIO
P
3.3V digital VDD
80
SMRXC
Ipd/O
Switch MII receive clock.
Output in PHY MII mode
Input in MAC MII mode
81
SMRXDV
O
Switch MII receive data valid
82
SMRXD3
Ipd/O
Switch MII receive data bit 3
Strap option: switch MII full-duplex flow control
PD (default) = disable
PU = enable
83
SMRXD2
Ipd/O
Switch MII receive bit 2
Strap option: switch MII is in
PD (default) = full-duplex mode
PU = half-duplex mode
84
SMRXD1
Ipd/O
Switch MII receive bit 1
Strap option: Switch MII is in
PD (default) = 100Mbps mode
PU = 10Mbps mode
85
SMRXD0
Ipd/O
Switch MII receive bit 0
Strap option: switch will accept packet size up to
PD (default) = 1536 bytes (inclusive)
PU = 1522 bytes (tagged), 1518 bytes (untagged)
86
SCOL
Ipd/O
Switch MII collision detect
87
SCRS
Ipd/O
Switch MII carrier sense
Note:
1. P = Power supply.
Gnd = Ground.
O = Output.
Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
Ipd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwise.
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Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
88
SCONF1
Ipd
Switch MII interface configuration
89
SCONF0
Ipd
90
DGND
Gnd
(SCONF1, SCONF0)
Description
(0,0)
disable, outputs tri-stated
(0,1)
PHY mode MII
(1,0)
MAC mode MII
(1,1)
PHY mode SNI
Digital ground
91
VDDC
P
1.8V digital VDD
92
PRSEL1
Ipd
93
PRSEL0
Ipd
Priority select. Select queue servicing if using split queues.
Use the table below to select the desired servicing. Note that
this selection effects all split transmit queue ports in the same
way.
94
MDC
Ipu
95
MDIO
Ipu/O
(PRSEL1, PRSEL0)
Description
(0,0)
Transmit all high priority before low
priority
(0,1)
Transmit high priority and low priority at
10:1 ratio.
(1,0)
Transmit high priority and low priority at
5:1 ratio.
(1,1)
Transmit high priority and low priority at
2:1 ratio.
MII management interface: clock input
MII management interface: data input/output
Note: an external 4.7K pull-up is needed on this pin when it is
in use.
96
SPIQ
Opu
SPI slave mode: serial data output
See description in pins 100 and 101.
97
SCL
Ipu/O
2
SPI slave mode / I C slave mode: clock input
I2C master mode: clock output
See description in pins 100 and 101.
98
SDA
Ipu/O
SPI slave mode: serial data input
I2C master/slave mode: serial data input/output
See description in pins 100 and 101.
99
SPIS_N
Ipu
SPI slave mode: chip select (active low)
When SPIS_N is high, the KS8993M is deselected and SPIQ
is held in high impedance state.
A high-to-low transition is used to initiate SPI data transfer.
See description in pins 100 and 101.
Note:
1. P = Power supply.
Gnd = Ground.
Ipu = Input w/ internal pull-up.
Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
Ipu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwise.
Opu = Output w/ internal pull-up.
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Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
100
PS1
Ipd
101
PS0
Ipd
Serial bus configuration pins to select mode of access to
KS8993M internal registers.
[PS1, PS0] = [0, 0] — I2C master (EEPROM) mode
(If EEPROM is not detected, the power-up default values of
the KS8993M internal registers will be used.)
Interface Signals
Type
Description
SPIQ
O
Not used (tri-stated)
SCL
O
I C clock
SDA
I/O
I C data I/O
SPIS_N
Ipu
Not used
2
2
[PS1, PS0] = [0, 1] — I2C slave mode
2
The external I C master will drive the SCL clock.
The KS8993M device addresses are:
1011_1111
<read>
1011_1110
<write>
Interface Signals
Type
Description
SPIQ
O
Not used (tri-stated)
SCL
I
I C clock
SDA
I/O
I C data I/O
SPIS_N
Ipu
Not used
2
2
[PS1, PS0] = [1, 0] — SPI slave mode
Interface Signals
Type
Description
SPIQ
O
SPI data out
SCL
I
SPI clock
SDA
I
SPI data In
SPIS_N
Ipu
SPI chip select
[PS1, PS0] = [1, 1] – SMI-mode
In this mode, the KS8993M provides access to all its internal
8 bit registers through its MDC and MDIO pins.
Note:
When (PS1, PS0) ≠ (1,1), the KS8993M provides access to
its 16 bit MIIM registers through its MDC and MDIO pins.
102
PV31
Ipu
103
PV32
Ipu
Port 3 port-based VLAN mask bits – Use to select which
ports may transmit packets received on port 3.
PV31 = 1, port 1 may transmit packets received on port 3
PV31 = 0, port 1 will not transmit any packets received on
port 3
PV32 = 1, port 2 may transmit packets received on port 3
PV32 = 0, port 2 will not transmit any packets received on
port 3
Note:
1. I = Input.
O= Output.
April 2005
Ipu = Input w/ internal pull-up.
I/O = Bi-directional.
Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
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Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
104
PV21
Ipu
105
PV23
Ipu
Port 2 port-based VLAN mask bits – Use to select which
ports may transmit packets received on port 2.
PV21 = 1, port 1 may transmit packets received on port 2
PV21 = 0, port 1 will not transmit any packets received on
port 2
PV23 = 1, port 3 may transmit packets received on port 2
PV23 = 0, port 3 will not transmit any packets received on
port 2
106
DGND
Gnd
Digital ground
107
VDDIO
P
3.3V digital VDD
108
PV12
Ipu
109
PV13
Ipu
Port 1 port-based VLAN mask bits – Use to select which
ports may transmit packets received on port 1.
PV12 = 1, port 2 may transmit packets received on port 1
PV12 = 0, port 2 will not transmit any packets received on
port 1
PV13 = 1, port 3 may transmit packets received on port 1
PV13 = 0, port 3 will not transmit any packets received on
port 1
110
P3_1PEN
Ipd
Enable 802.1p priority classification on port 3 ingress
1 = enable
0 = disable
Enable is from the receive perspective. If 802.1p processing
is disabled or there is no tag, priority is determined by the
P3_PP pin.
111
P2_1PEN
Ipd
Enable 802.1p priority classification on port 2 ingress
1 = enable
0 = disable
Enable is from the receive perspective. If 802.1p processing
is disabled or there is no tag, priority is determined by the
P2_PP pin.
112
P1_1PEN
Ipd
Enable 802.1p priority classification on port 1 ingress
1 = enable
0 = disable
Enable is from the receive perspective. If 802.1p processing
is disabled or there is no tag, priority is determined by the
P1_PP pin.
113
P3_TXQ2
Ipd
Select transmit queue split on port 3
1 = split
0 = no split
The split sets up high and low priority queues. Packet priority
classification is done on ingress ports, via port-based, 802.1p
or TOS based scheme. The priority enabled queuing on port 3
is set by P3_TXQ2.
Note:
1. P = Power supply.
Gnd = Ground.
Ipu = Input w/ internal pull-up.
April 2005
Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
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Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
114
P2_TXQ2
Ipd
Select transmit queue split on port 2
1 = split
0 = no split
The split sets up high and low priority queues. Packet priority
classification is done on ingress ports, via port-based, 802.1p
or TOS based scheme. The priority enabled queuing on port 2
is set by P2_TXQ2.
115
P1_TXQ2
Ipd
Select transmit queue split on port 1
1 = split
0 = no split
The split sets up high and low priority queues. Packet priority
classification is done on ingress ports, via port-based, 802.1p
or TOS based scheme. The priority enabled queuing on port 1
is set by P1_TXQ2.
116
P3_PP
Ipd
Select port-based priority on port 3 ingress
1 = high
0 = low
<default>
802.1p and DiffServ, if applicable, takes precedence.
117
P2_PP
Ipd
Select port-based priority on port 2 ingress
1 = high
0 = low
<default>
802.1p and DiffServ, if applicable, takes precedence.
118
P1_PP
Ipd
Select port-based priority on port 1 ingress
1 = high
0 = low
<default>
802.1p and DiffServ, if applicable, takes precedence.
119
P3_TAGINS
Ipd
Enable tag insertion on port 3 egress
1 = enable
0 = disable
All packets transmitted from port 3 will have 802.1Q tag.
Packets received with tag will be sent out intact. Packets
received without tag will be tagged with ingress port’s default
tag.
120
P2_TAGINS
Ipd
Enable tag insertion on port 2 egress
1 = enable
0 = disable
All packets transmitted from port 2 will have 802.1Q tag.
Packets received with tag will be sent out intact. Packets
received without tag will be tagged with ingress port’s default
tag.
Note:
1. Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
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Pin Number
Pin Name
Type (1)
Description
121
P1_TAGINS
Ipd
Enable tag insertion on port 1 egress
1 = enable
0 = disable
All packets transmitted from port 1 will have 802.1Q tag.
Packets received with tag will be sent out intact. Packets
received without tag will be tagged with ingress port’s default
tag.
122
DGND
Gnd
Digital ground
123
VDDC
P
1.8V digital VDD
124
P3_TAGRM
Ipd
Enable tag removal on port 3 egress
1 = enable
0 = disable
All packets transmitted from port 3 will not have 802.1Q tag.
Packets received with tag will be modified by removing
802.1Q tag. Packets received without tag will be sent out
intact.
125
P2_TAGRM
Ipd
Enable tag removal on port 2 egress
1 = enable
0 = disable
All packets transmitted from port 2 will not have 802.1Q tag.
Packets received with tag will be modified by removing
802.1Q tag. Packets received without tag will be sent out
intact.
126
P1_TAGRM
Ipd
Enable tag removal on port 1 egress
1 = enable
0 = disable
All packets transmitted from port 1 will not have 802.1Q tag.
Packets received with tag will be modified by removing
802.1Q tag. Packets received without tag will be sent out
intact.
127
TESTEN
Ipd
Scan Test Enable
For normal operation, pull-down this pin to ground.
128
SCANEN
Ipd
Scan Test Scan Mux Enable
For normal operation, pull-down this pin to ground.
Note:
1. P = Power supply.
Gnd = Ground.
Ipd = Input w/ internal pull-down.
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PV31
PS0
PS1
SPIS_N
SDA
SCL
SPIQ
MDIO
MDC
PRSEL0
PRSEL1
VDDC
DGND
SCONF0
SCONF1
SCRS
SCOL
SMRXD0
SMRXD1
SMRXD2
SMRXD3
SMRXDV
SMRXC
VDDIO
DGND
SMTXC
SMTXER
SMTXD0
SMTXD1
SMTXD2
SMTXD3
SMTXEN
LEDSEL0
SMAC
BPEN
RST_N
X2
X1
Pin Configuration
AGND
VDDAP
AGND
ISET
TEST2
TEST1
AGND
VDDA
TXP2
TXM2
AGND
RXP2
RXM2
VDDARX
VDDATX
TXM1
TXP1
AGND
RXM1
RXP1
FXSD1
VDDA
AGND
MUX2
MUX1
AGND
P1LED2
P1LED1
P1LED0
P2LED2
P2LED1
P2LED0
DGND
VDDIO
NC
NC
NC
ADVFC
P2ANEN
P2SPD
P2DPX
P3FFC
NC
NC
NC
P2LED3
DGND
VDDC
LEDSEL1
NC
P1LED3
NC
HWPOVR
P2MDIXDIS
P2MDIX
P1ANEN
P1SPD
P1DPX
P1FFC
NC
NC
PWRDN
AGND
VDDA
PV32
PV21
PV23
DGND
VDDIO
PV12
PV13
P3_1PEN
P2_1PEN
P1_1PEN
P3_TXQ2
P2_TXQ2
P1_TXQ2
P3_PP
P2_PP
P1_PP
P3_TAGINS
P2_TAGINS
P1_TAGINS
DGND
VDDC
P3_TAGRM
P2_TAGRM
P1_TAGRM
TESTEN
SCANEN
128-Pin PQFP (Top View)
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KS8993M/ML/MI
Functional Description
The KS8993M contains two 10/100 physical layer transceivers and three MAC units with an integrated Layer 2
managed switch.
The KS8993M has the flexibility to reside in either a managed or unmanaged design. In a managed design, the
host processor has complete control of the KS8993M via the SMI interface, MIIM interface, SPI bus, or I2C bus.
An unmanaged design is achieved through I/O strapping and/or EEPROM programming at system reset time.
On the media side, the KS8993M supports IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX on both PHY ports, and
100BASE-FX on PHY port 1. The KS8993M can be used as a media converter.
The KS8993ML is the single supply version with all the identical rich features of the KS8993M. In the KS8993ML
version, pin number 22 provides 1.8V output power to the KS8993ML’s VDDC, VDDA, and VDDAP power pins. Refer
to the Pin Description table for information about pin 22 (Pin Description and I/0 Assignment).
Physical signal transmission and reception are enhanced through the use of patented analog circuitries that make
the design more efficient and allow for lower power consumption and smaller chip die size.
Functional Overview: Physical Layer Transceiver
100BASE-TX Transmit
The 100BASE-TX transmit function performs parallel to serial conversion, 4B/5B coding, scrambling, NRZ to
NRZI conversion, MLT3 encoding and transmission. The circuit starts with a parallel-to-serial conversion, which
converts the MII data from the MAC into a 125MHz serial bit stream. The data and control stream is then
converted into 4B/5B coding and followed by a scrambler. The serialized data is further converted from NRZ to
NRZI format, and then transmitted in MLT3 current output. The output current is set by an external 1% 3.01 KΩ
resistor for the 1:1 transformer ratio. It has a typical rise/fall time of 4ns and complies with the ANSI TP-PMD
standard regarding amplitude balance, overshoot, and timing jitter. The wave-shaped 10BASE-T output is also
incorporated into the 100BASE-TX transmitter.
100BASE-TX Receive
The 100BASE-TX receiver function performs adaptive equalization, DC restoration, MLT3 to NRZI conversion,
data and clock recovery, NRZI to NRZ conversion, de-scrambling, 4B/5B decoding and serial-to-parallel
conversion. The receiving side starts with the equalization filter to compensate for inter-symbol interference (ISI)
over the twisted pair cable. Since the amplitude loss and phase distortion is a function of the length of the cable,
the equalizer has to adjust its characteristics to optimize the performance. In this design, the variable equalizer
will make an initial estimation based on comparisons of incoming signal strength against some known cable
characteristics, then it tunes itself for optimization. This is an ongoing process and can self adjust against
environmental changes such as temperature variations.
The equalized signal then goes through a DC restoration and data conversion block. The DC restoration circuit is
used to compensate for the effect of base line wander and improve the dynamic range. The differential data
conversion circuit converts the MLT3 format back to NRZI. The slicing threshold is also adaptive.
The clock recovery circuit extracts the 125MHz clock from the edges of the NRZI signal. This recovered clock is
then used to convert the NRZI signal into the NRZ format. The signal is then sent through the de-scrambler
followed by the 4B/5B decoder. Finally, the NRZ serial data is converted to the MII format and provided as the
input data to the MAC.
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PLL Clock Synthesizer
The KS8993M generates 125MHz, 31.25MHz, 25MHz, and 10MHz clocks for system timing. Internal clocks are
generated from an external 25MHz crystal or oscillator.
Scrambler/De-scrambler (100BASE-TX Only)
The purpose of the scrambler is to spread the power spectrum of the signal in order to reduce EMI and baseline
wander. Transmitted data is scrambled through the use of an 11-bit wide linear feedback shift register (LFSR).
The scrambler can generate a 2047-bit non-repetitive sequence. The receiver will then de-scramble the incoming
data stream with the same sequence at the transmitter.
100BASE-FX Operation
100BASE-FX operation is very similar to 100BASE-TX operation with the differences being that the scrambler /
de-scrambler and MLT3 encoder / decoder are bypassed on transmission and reception. In 100BASE-FX mode,
the auto negotiation feature is bypassed since there is no standard that supports fiber auto negotiation. The autoMDI/MDI-X feature is also disabled.
100BASE-FX Signal Detection
In fiber operation, the KS8993M’s FXSD1 (fiber signal detect) input pin is usually connected to the fiber
transceiver’s SD (signal detect) output pin. 100BASE-FX mode is activated when the FXSD1 input pin is greater
than 1V. When FXSD1 is between 1V and 1.8V, no fiber signal is detected and a far end fault (FEF) is generated.
When FXSD1 is over 2.2V, the fiber signal is detected.
Alternatively, the designer may choose not to implement the FEF feature. In this case, the FXSD1 input pin is tied
high to force 100BASE-FX mode.
100BASE-FX signal detection is summarized in the following table:
Part Number
Mode
Less than 0.2V
TX mode
Greater than 1V, but less than 1.8V
FX mode
No signal detected.
Far-end fault generated
Greater than 2.2V I
FX mode
Signal detected
Table 1. FX and TX Mode Selection
To ensure proper operation, a resistive voltage divider is recommended to adjust the fiber transceiver’s SD output
voltage swing to match the KS8993M’s FXSD1 input voltage threshold.
100BASE-FX Far End Fault
An FEF occurs when the signal detection is logically false on the receive side of the fiber transceiver. The
KS8993M detects a FEF when its FXSD1 input is between 1.0V and 1.8V. When an FEF occurs, the transmission
side signals the other end of the link by sending 84 1’s followed by a zero in the idle period between frames.
Upon receiving an FEF, the LINK will go down (even when a fiber signal is detected) to indicate a fault condition.
The transmitting side is not affected when an FEF is received, and will continue to send out its normal transmit
pattern from the MAC. By default, FEF is enabled. The FEF feature can be disabled through register setting.
10BASE-T Transmit
The output 10BASE-T driver is incorporated into the 100BASE-T driver to allow transmission with the same
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magnetic. They are internally wave-shaped and pre-emphasized into outputs with a typical 2.3V amplitude. The
harmonic contents are at least 27dB below the fundamental when driven by an all-ones Manchester-encoded
signal.
10BASE-T Receive
On the receive side, input buffers and level detecting squelch circuits are employed. A differential input receiver
circuit and a PLL perform the decoding function. The Manchester-encoded data stream is separated into clock
signal and NRZ data. A squelch circuit rejects signals with levels less than 400 mV or with short pulse widths in
order to prevent noises at the RXP or RXM input from falsely triggering the decoder. When the input exceeds the
squelch limit, the PLL locks onto the incoming signal and the KS8993M decodes a data frame. The receiver clock
is maintained active during idle periods in between data reception.
Power Management
The KS8993M features a per-port power down mode. To save power, the user can power down ports that are not
in use by setting the port control registers, or MII control registers. In addition, there is a full chip power down
mode. When activated, the entire chip will be shut down.
MDI /MDI-X Auto Crossover
The KS8993M supports MDI/ DI-X auto crossover. This facilitates the use of either a straight connection CAT-5
cable or a crossover CAT-5 cable. The auto-sense function will detect remote transmit and receive pairs, and
correctly assign the transmit and receive pairs from the KS8993M device. This feature can be extremely useful
when end users are unaware of cable types and can also save on an additional uplink configuration connection.
The auto-crossover feature can be disabled through the port control registers.
Based on the IEEE 802.3 standard, the MDI and MDI-X definitions are as follows:
MDI
MDI-X
RJ45 Pins
Signals
RJ-45 Pins
Signals
1
TD+
1
RD+
2
TD-
2
RD-
3
RD+
3
TD+
6
RD-
6
TD-
Table 2. MDI/MDI-X Pin Definitions
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Straight Cable
A straight cable connects an MDI device to an MDI-X device, or an MDI-X device to an MDI device. The following
diagram depicts a typical straight cable connection between a NIC card (MDI) and a switch, or hub (MDI-X).
10/100 Ethernet
Media Dependent Interface
10/100 Ethernet
Media Dependent Interface
1
1
2
2
Transmit Pair
Receive Pair
3
Straight
Cable
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
Receive Pair
Transmit Pair
Modular Connector
(RJ-45)
HUB
(Repeater or Switch)
Modular Connector
(RJ-45)
NIC
Figure 1. Typical Straight Cable Connection
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Crossover Cable
A crossover cable connects an MDI device to another MDI device, or an MDI-X device to another MDI-X device.
The following diagram shows a typical crossover cable connection between two switches or hubs (two MDI-X
devices).
10/100 Ethernet
Media Dependent Interface
1
Receive Pair
10/100 Ethernet
Media Dependent Interface
Crossover
Cable
1
Receive Pair
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
Transmit Pair
Transmit Pair
Modular Connector (RJ-45)
HUB
(Repeater or Switch)
Modular Connector (RJ-45)
HUB
(Repeater or Switch)
Figure 2. Typical Crossover Cable Connection
Auto Negotiation
The KS8993M conforms to the auto negotiation protocol as described by the 802.3 committee. Auto negotiation
allows unshielded twisted pair (UTP) link partners to select the best common mode of operation. In auto
negotiation, the link partners advertise capabilities across the link to each other. If auto negotiation is not
supported or the link partner to the KS8993M is forced to bypass auto negotiation, then the mode is set by
observing the signal at the receiver. This is known as parallel mode because while the transmitter is sending auto
negotiation advertisements, the receiver is listening for advertisements or a fixed signal protocol.
The link setup is shown in the following flow diagram.
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Start Auto Negotiation
Force Link Setting
N
o
Parallel
Operation
Ye
s
Bypass Auto Negotiation
and Set Link Mode
Attempt Auto
Negotiation
Listen for 100BASE-TX
Idles
Listen for 10BASE-T Link
Pulses
No
Join
Flow
Link Mode Set ?
Yes
Link Mode Set
Figure 3. Auto Negotiation and Parallel Operation
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Functional Overview: MAC and Switch
Address Lookup
The internal lookup table stores MAC addresses and their associated information. It contains a 1K uni-cast
address table plus switching information. The KS8993M is guaranteed to learn 1K addresses and distinguishes
itself from hash-based lookup tables, which depending on the operating environment and probabilities, may not
guarantee the absolute number of addresses that can be learned.
Learning
The internal lookup engine will update its table with a new entry if the following conditions are met:
1. The received packet's SA does not exist in the lookup table.
2. The received packet is good; the packet has no receiving errors, and is of legal length.
The lookup engine will insert the qualified SA into the table, along with the port number and time stamp. If the
table is full, the last entry of the table will be deleted to make room for the new entry.
Migration
The internal lookup engine also monitors whether a station has moved. If so, it will update the table accordingly.
Migration happens when the following conditions are met:
1. The received packet's SA is in the table but the associated source port information is different.
2. The received packet is good; the packet has no receiving errors, and is of legal length.
The lookup engine will update the existing record in the table with the new source port information.
Aging
The lookup engine will update the time stamp information of a record whenever the corresponding SA appears.
The time stamp is used in the aging process. If a record is not updated for a period of time, the lookup engine will
remove the record from the table. The lookup engine constantly performs the aging process and will continuously
remove aging records. The aging period is about 200 seconds. This feature can be enabled or disabled through
Global Register 3 (0x03).
Forwarding
The KS8993M will forward packets using the algorithm that is depicted in the following flowcharts. Figure 4 shows
stage one of the forwarding algorithm where the search engine looks up the VLAN ID, static table, and dynamic
table for the destination address, and comes up with “port to forward 1” (PTF1). PTF1 is then further modified by
spanning tree, IGMP snooping, port mirroring, and port VLA processes to come up with “port to forward 2”
(PTF2), as shown in Figure 5. The packet is sent to PTF2.
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Start
PTF1= NULL
NO
VLAN ID
Valid?
- Search VLAN table
- Ingress VLAN filtering
- Discard NPVID check
YES
Search complete.
Get PTF1 from
Static MAC Table
FOUND
Search Static
Table
This search is based on
DA or DA+FID
NOT
FOUND
Search complete.
Get PTF1 from
Dynamic MAC
Table
FOUND
Dynamic Table
Search
This search is based on
DA+FID
NOT
FOUND
Search complete.
Get PTF1 from
VLAN Table
PTF1
Figure 4. Destination Address Lookup Flow Chart, Stage 1
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PTF1
Spanning Tree
Process
- Check receiving port's receive enable bit
- Check destination port's transmit enable bit
- Check whether packets are special (BPDU
or specified)
IGMP Process
- Applied to MAC #1 and MAC #2
- MAC #3 is reserved for
microprocessor
- IGMP will be forwarded to port 3
Port Mirror
Process
- RX Mirror
- TX Mirror
- RX or TX Mirror
- RX and TX Mirror
Port VLAN
Membership
Check
PTF2
Figure 5. Destination Address Resolution Flow Chart, Stage 2
The KS8993M will not forward the following packets:
1. Error packets. These include framing errors, FCS errors, alignment errors, and illegal size packet errors.
2. 802.3x pause frames. The KS8993M will intercept these packets and perform the appropriate actions.
3. "Local" packets. Based on destination address (DA) lookup. If the destination port from the lookup table
matches the port where the packet was from, the packet is defined as "local."
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Switching Engine
The KS8993M features a high-performance switching engine to move data to and from the MACs’ packet buffers.
It operates in store and forward mode, while the efficient switching mechanism reduces overall latency.
The KS8993M has a 32kB internal frame buffer. This resource is shared between all three ports. The buffersharing mode can be programmed through Global Register 2 (0x02). In one mode, ports are allowed to use any
free buffers in the buffer pool. In the second mode, each port is only allowed to use one third of the total buffer
pool. There are a total of 250 buffers available. Each buffer is sized at 128B.
MAC Operation
The KS8993M strictly abides by IEEE 802.3 standards to maximize compatibility.
Inter Packet Gap (IPG)
If a frame is successfully transmitted, the 96 bits time IPG is measured between the two consecutive MTXEN. If
the current packet is experiencing collision, the 96 bits time IPG is measured from MCRS and the next MTXEN.
Back-Off Algorithm
The KS8993M implements the IEEE standard 802.3 binary exponential back-off algorithm, and optional
"aggressive mode" back-off. After 16 collisions, the packet will be optionally dropped depending on the chip
configuration in Global Register 3 (0x03)
Late Collision
If a transmit packet experiences collisions after 512 bit times of the transmission, the packet will be dropped.
Illegal Frames
The KS8993M discards frames less than 64 bytes and can be programmed to accept frames up to 1536 bytes in
Global Register 4 (0x04). For special applications, the KS8993M can also be programmed to accept frames up to
1916 bytes in the same global register. Since the KS8993M supports VLAN tags, the maximum sizing is adjusted
when these tags are present. See the EEPROM section for programming options.
Flow Control
The KS8993M supports standard 802.3x flow control frames on both transmit and receive sides.
On the receive side, if the KS8993M receives a pause control frame, the KS8993M will not transmit the next
normal frame until the timer, specified in the pause control frame, expires. If another pause frame is received
before the current timer expires, the timer will be updated with the new value in the second pause frame. During
this period (being flow controlled), only flow control packets from the KS8993M will be transmitted.
On the transmit side, the KS8993M has intelligent and efficient ways to determine when to invoke flow control.
The flow control is based on availability of the system resources, including available buffers, available transmit
queues and available receive queues.
The KS8993M will flow control a port, which just received a packet, if the destination port resource is being used
up. The KS8993M will issue a flow control frame (XOFF), containing the maximum pause time defined in IEEE
standard 802.3x. Once the resource is freed up, the KS8993M will send out the other flow control frame (XON)
with zero pause time to turn off the flow control (turn on transmission to the port). A hysteresis feature is provided
to prevent the flow control mechanism from being activated and deactivated too many times.
The KS8993M will flow control all ports if the receive queue becomes full.
Half-Duplex Backpressure
A half-duplex backpressure option (Note: not in IEEE 802.3 standards) is also provided. The activation and
deactivation conditions are the same as the above in full duplex mode. If backpressure is required, the KS8993M
will send preambles to defer the other stations' transmission (carrier sense deference). To avoid jabber and
excessive deference defined in 802.3 standard, after a certain time it will discontinue the carrier sense but it will
raise the carrier sense quickly. This short silent time (no carrier sense) is to prevent other stations from sending
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out packets and keeps other stations in carrier sense deferred state. If the port has packets to send during a
backpressure situation, the carrier sense type back pressure will be interrupted and those packets will be
transmitted instead. If there are no more packets to send, carrier sense type backpressure will be active again
until switch resources free up. If a collision occurs, the binary exponential back-off algorithm is skipped and carrier
sense is generated immediately, reducing the chance of further colliding and maintaining carrier sense to prevent
reception of packets.
To ensure no packet loss in 10 BASE-T or 100 BASE-TX half duplex modes, the user must enable the following:
1. Aggressive back off (Global Register 3 (0x03), bit 0 or external strap-in pin SMAC = high)
2. No excessive collision drop (Global Register 4 (0x04), bit 3 or external strap-in pin SMAC = high)
These bits are not set as defaults because this is not the IEEE standard.
Broadcast Storm Protection
The KS8993M has an intelligent option to protect the switch system from receiving too many broadcast packets.
Broadcast packets will be forwarded to all ports except the source port, and thus use too many switch resources
(bandwidth and available space in transmit queues). The KS8993M has the option to include “multicast packets”
for storm control. The broadcast storm rate parameters are programmed globally, and can be enabled or disabled
on a per port basis. The rate is based on a 67ms interval for 100BT and a 500ms interval for 10BT. At the
beginning of each interval, the counter is cleared to zero, and the rate limit mechanism starts to count the number
of bytes during the interval. The rate definition is described in Global Register 6 (0x06) and 7 (0x07). The default
setting for registers 6 and 7 is 0x63, which is 99 decimal. This is equal to a rate of 1%, calculated as follows:
148,800 frames/sec * 67ms/interval * 1% = 99 frames/interval (approx.) = 0x63
MII Interface Operation
The MII is specified by the IEEE 802.3 standards committee and provides a common interface between physical
layer and MAC layer devices. The MII Interface provided by the KS8993M is connected to the device’s third MAC.
The interface contains two distinct groups of signals: one for transmission and the other for reception. The
following table describes the signals used in the MII interface.
KS8993M PHY-Mode Connections
External MAC
KS8993M
Controller Signals
PHY Signals
MTXEN
SMTXEN
Pin
Descriptions
Transmit enable
KS8993M MAC-Mode Connections
KS8993M
External
PHY Signals
MAC Signals
MTXEN
SMRXDV
MTXER
SMTXER
Transmit error
MTXER
(not used)
MTXD3
SMTXD[3]
Transmit data bit 3
MTXD3
SMRXD[3]
MTXD2
SMTXD[2]
Transmit data bit 2
MTXD2
SMRXD[2]
MTXD1
SMTXD[1]
Transmit data bit 1
MTXD1
SMRXD[1]
MTXD0
SMTXD[0]
Transmit data bit 0
MTXD0
SMRXD[0]
MTXC
SMTXC
Transmit clock
MTXC
SMRXC
MCOL
SCOL
Collision detection
MCOL
SCOL
MCRS
SCRS
Carrier sense
MCRS
SCRS
MRXDV
SMRXDV
Receive data valid
MRXDV
SMTXEN
MRXER
(not used)
Receive error
MRXER
SMTXER
MRXD3
SMRXD[3]
Receive data bit 3
MRXD3
SMTXD[3]
MRXD2
SMRXD[2]
Receive data bit 2
MRXD2
SMTXD[2]
MRXD1
SMRXD[1]
Receive data bit 1
MRXD1
SMTXD[1]
MRXD0
SMRXD[0]
Receive data bit 0
MRXD0
SMTXD[0]
MRXC
SMRXC
Receive clock
MRXC
SMTXC
Table 3. MII Signals
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The MII interface operates in either PHY mode or MAC mode. The interface is a nibble wide data interfaces and
therefore run at ¼ the network bit rate (not encoded). Additional signals on the transmit side indicate when data is
valid or when an error occurs during transmission. Likewise, the receive side has indicators that convey when the
data is valid and without physical layer errors. For half duplex operation there is a signal that indicates a collision
has occurred during transmission.
Note that the signal MRXER is not provided on the interface for PHY mode operation and the signal MTXER is
not provided on the interface for MAC mode operation. Normally MRXER would indicate a receive error coming
from the physical layer device. MTXER would indicate a transmit error from the MAC device. These signals are
not appropriate for this configuration. For PHY mode operation, if the device interfacing with the KS8993M has an
MRXER pin, it should be tied low. For MAC mode operation, if the device interfacing with the KS8993M has an
MTXER pin, it should be tied low.
SNI (7-Wire) Operation
The serial network interface (SNI) or 7-wire is compatible with some controllers used for network layer protocol
processing. In SNI mode, the KS8993M acts like a PHY and the external controller functions as the MAC. The
KS8993M can interface directly with external controllers using the 7-wire interface. These signals are divided into
two groups, one for transmission and the other for reception. The signals involved are described in the following
table.
Pin Descriptions
External MAC
Controller Signals
KS8993M
PHY Signals
Transmit enable
TXEN
SMTXEN
Serial transmit data
TXD
SMTXD[0]
Transmit clock
TXC
SMTXC
Collision detection
COL
SCOL
Carrier sense
CRS
SMRXDV
Serial receive data
RXD
SMRXD[0]
Receive clock
RXC
SMRXC
Table 4. SNI Signals
The SNI interface is a bit wide data interface and therefore runs at the network bit rate (not encoded). An
additional signal on the transmit side indicates when data is valid. Similarly, the receive side has an indicator that
conveys when the data is valid.
For half duplex operation, the KS8993M’s SCOL signal is used to indicate that a collision has occurred during
transmission.
MII Management Interface (MIIM)
The KS8993M supports the IEEE 802.3 MII Management Interface, also known as the Management Data
Input/Output (MDIO) Interface. This interface allows upper-layer devices to monitor and control the states of the
KS8993M. An external device with MDC/MDIO capability can be used to read the PHY status or configure the
PHY settings. Further details on the MIIM interface can be found in section 22.2.4.5 of the IEEE 802.3
specification.
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The MIIM interface consists of the following:
ƒ A physical connection that incorporates the data line (MDIO) and the clock line (MDC).
ƒ A specific protocol that operates across the aforementioned physical connection that allows an external
controller to communicate with the KS8993M device.
ƒ Access to a set of six 16-bits registers, consisting of standard MIIM registers [0:5].
The following table depicts the MII Management Interface frame format.
Preamble
Start of
Frame
Read/Write
PHY
REG
OP Code
Address
Address
Bits [4:0]
Bits [4:0]
TA
Data
Idle
Bits [15:0]
Read
32 1’s
01
10
xx0AA
RRRRR
Z0
DDDDDDDD_DDDDDDDD
Z
Write
32 1’s
01
01
xx0AA
RRRRR
10
DDDDDDDD_DDDDDDDD
Z
Table 5. MII Management Interface Frame Format
For the KS8993M, MIIM register access is selected when bit 2 of the PHY address is set to ‘0’. PHY address bits
[4:3] are not defined for MIIM register access, and hence can be set to either 0’s or 1’s in read/write operation.
Serial Management Interface (SMI)
The SMI is the KS8993M non-standard MIIM interface that provides access to all KS8993M configuration
registers. This interface allows an external device to completely monitor and control the states of the KS8993M.
The SMI interface consists of the following:
ƒ A physical connection that incorporates the data line (MDIO) and the clock line (MDC).
ƒ A specific protocol that operates across the aforementioned physical connection that allows an external
controller to communicate with the KS8993M device.
ƒ Access to all KS8993M configuration registers. Registers access includes the Global, Port and
Advanced Control Registers 0-127 (0x00 – 0x7F), and indirect access to the standard MIIM registers
[0:5].
The following table depicts the SMI frame format.
Preamble
Start of
Frame
Read/Write
PHY
REG
OP Code
Address
Address
Bits [4:0]
Bits [4:0]
TA
Data
Idle
Bits [15:0]
Read
32 1’s
01
10
RR1xx
RRRRR
Z0
0000_0000_DDDD_DDDD
Z
Write
32 1’s
01
01
RR1xx
RRRRR
10
xxxx_xxxx_DDDD_DDDD
Z
Table 6. Serial Management Interface (SMI) Frame Format
For the KS8993M, SMI register access is selected when bit 2 of the PHY address is set to ‘1’. PHY address bits
[1:0] are not defined for SMI register access, and hence can be set to either 0’s or 1’s in read/write operation.
To access the KS8993M registers 0-127 (0x00 – 0x7F), the following applies:
ƒ PHYAD[4:3] and REGAD[4:0] are concatenated to form the 7-bits address; that is, {PHYAD[4:3],
REGAD[4:0]} = bits [6:0] of the 7-bits address.
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ƒ Registers are 8 data bits wide. For read operation, data bits [15:8] are read back as 0’s. For write
operation, data bits [15:8] are not defined, and hence can be set to either 0’s or 1’s.
SMI register access is the same as the MIIM register access, except for the register access requirements
presented in this section.
Advanced Switch Functions
Spanning Tree Support
To support spanning tree, port 3 is the designated port for the processor.
The other ports (port 1 and port 2) can be configured in one of the five spanning tree states via “transmit enable”,
“receive enable” and “learning disable” register settings in registers 18 and 34 for ports 1 and 2, respectively. The
following description shows the port setting and software actions taken for each of the five spanning tree states.
Disable state:
The port should not forward or receive any packets.
Learning is disabled.
Port setting:
“transmit enable = 0, receive enable = 0, learning disable =1”
Software action:
The processor should not send any packets to the port. The switch may still send specific packets
to the processor (packets that match some entries in the “static MAC table” with “overriding bit”
set) and the processor should discard those packets. Note: processor is connected to port 3 via
MII interface. Address learning is disabled on the port in this state.
Blocking state:
Only packets to the processor are forwarded.
Learning is disabled.
Port setting:
“transmit enable = 0, receive enable = 0, learning disable =1”
Software action:
The processor should not send any packets to the port(s) in this state. The processor should
program the “Static MAC table” with the entries that it needs to receive (e.g. BPDU packets). The
“overriding” bit should also be set so that the switch will forward those specific packets to the
processor. Address learning is disabled on the port in this state.
Listening state:
Only packets to and from the processor are forwarded.
Learning is disabled.
Port setting:
“transmit enable = 0, receive enable = 0, learning disable =1”
Software action:
The processor should program the “Static MAC table” with the entries that it needs to receive
(e.g., BPDU packets). The “overriding” bit should be set so that the switch will forward those
specific packets to the processor. The processor may send packets to the port(s) in this state,
see “Special Tagging Mode” for details. Address learning is disabled on the port in this state.
Learning state:
Only packets to and from the processor are forwarded.
Learning is enabled.
Port setting:
“transmit enable = 0, receive enable = 0, learning disable = 0”
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Software action:
The processor should program the “Static MAC table” with the entries that it needs to receive
(e.g., BPDU packets). The “overriding” bit should be set so that the switch will forward those
specific packets to the processor. The processor may send packets to the port(s) in this state,
see “Special Tagging Mode” for details. Address learning is enabled on the port in this state.
Forwarding state:
Packets are forwarded and received normally.
Learning is enabled.
Port setting:
“transmit enable = 1, receive enable = 1, learning disable = 0”
Software action:
The processor should program the “Static MAC table” with the entries that it needs to receive
(e.g., BPDU packets). The “overriding” bit should be set so that the switch will forward those
specific packets to the processor. The processor may send packets to the port(s) in this state,
see “Special Tagging Mode” for details. Address learning is enabled on the port in this state.
Upstream Special Tagging Mode
Upstream Special Tagging Mode is designed for spanning tree protocol IGMP snooping and is flexible for use in
other applications. The Upstream Special Tagging Mode, similar to 802.1Q, requires software to change network
drivers to modify/strip/interpret the special tag. This mode is enabled by setting both register 11 bit 0 and register
48 bit 2 to “1”.
802.1Q Tag Format
Special Tag Format
TPID (tag protocol identifier, 0x8100) + TCI.
STPID (special tag identifier, 0x810 +
4 bit for “port mask”) + TCI
Table 7. Upstream Special Tagging Mode Format
The STPID is only seen and used by the port 3 interface, which should be connected to a processor.
The KS8993M uses a non-zero “port mask” to bypass the lookup result and override any port setting, regardless
of port states (disable, blocking, listening, learning).
For packets from regular ports (port 1 & port 2) to port 3, the port mask is used to tell the processor which port the
packets were received on, defined as follows:
“0001” from port 1
“0010” from port 2
No port mask values, other than the previous two defined ones, should be received in Upstream Special Tagging
Mode. The egress rules are defined as follows:
Ingress Packets
Egress Action to Tag Field
- Modify TPID to 0x810 + “port mask”, which indicates source port.
Tagged with 0x8100 + TCI
- No change to TCI if VID is not null
- Replace null VID with ingress port VID
- Recalculate CRC
- Insert TPID to 0x810 + “port mask”, which indicates source port
Not tagged.
– Insert TCI with ingress port VID
- Recalculate CRC
Table 8. STPID Egress Rules (Switch Port 3 to Processor)
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IGMP Support
For IGMP support in layer 2, the KS8993M provides two components:
“IGMP” Snooping
The KS8993M will trap IGMP packets and forward them only to the processor (port 3). The IGMP packets are
identified as IP packets (either Ethernet IP packets, or IEEE 802.3 SNAP IP packets) with IP version = 0x4 and
protocol version number = 0x2.
“Multicast Address Insertion” in the Static MAC Table
Once the multicast address is programmed in the Static MAC Table, the multicast session will be trimmed to the
subscribed ports, instead of broadcasting to all ports.
To enable IGMP support, set register 5 bit 6 to “1”. Also, “Special Tagging Mode” needs to be enabled, so that the
processor knows which port the IGMP packet was received on. This is achieved by setting both register 11 bit 0
and register 48 bit 2 to “1.”
Port Mirroring Support
KS8993M supports “Port Mirroring” comprehensively as:
1. “receive only” mirror on a port All the packets received on the port will be mirrored on the sniffer port. For
example, port 1 is programmed to be “receive sniff” and port 3 is programmed to be the “sniffer port”. A packet
received on port 1 is destined to port 2 after the internal lookup. The KS8993M will forward the packet to both port
2 and port 3. The KS8993M can optionally forward even “bad” received packets to the “sniffer port”.
2. “transmit only” mirror on a port All the packets transmitted on the port will be mirrored on the sniffer port.
For example, port 1 is programmed to be “transmit sniff” and port 3 is programmed to be the “sniffer port”. A
packet received on port 2 is destined to port 1 after the internal lookup. The KS8993M will forward the packet to
both port 1 and port 3.
3. “receive and transmit” mirror on two ports All the packets received on port A and transmitted on port B will
be mirrored on the sniffer port. To turn on the “AND” feature, set register 5 bit 0 to “1”. For example, port 1 is
programmed to be “receive sniff”, port 2 is programmed to be “transmit sniff” and port 3 is programmed to be the
“sniffer port”. A packet received on port 1 is destined to port 2 after the internal lookup. The KS8993M will forward
the packet to both port 2 and port 3.
Multiple ports can be selected to be “receive sniff” or “transmit sniff”. And any port can be selected to be the
“sniffer port”. All these per port features can be selected through registers 17, 33 and 49 for ports 1, 2 and 3,
respectively.
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Support
The KS8993M supports 16 active VLANs out of the 4096 possible VLANs specified in the IEEE 802.1Q
specification. KS8993M provides a 16-entries VLAN Table, which converts the 12-bits VLAN ID (VID) to the 4-bits
Filter ID (FID) for address lookup. If a non-tagged or null-VID-tagged packet is received, the ingress port default
VID is used for lookup. In VLAN mode, the lookup process starts with VLAN Table lookup to determine whether
the VID is valid. If the VID is not valid, the packet will be dropped and its address will not be learned. If the VID is
valid, the FID is retrieved for further lookup. The FID + Destination Address (FID+DA) are used to determine the
destination port. The FID + Source Address (FID+SA) are used for address learning.
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FID match?
DA+FID
found in
Dynamic
MAC Table?
Action
Don’t care
Don’t care
No
Broadcast to the membership ports
defined in the VLAN Table bits [18:16]
No
Don’t care
Don’t care
Yes
Send to the destination port defined in the
Dynamic MAC Address Table bits [53:52]
Yes
0
Don’t care
Don’t care
Send to the destination port(s) defined in
the Static MAC Address Table bits [50:48]
Yes
1
No
No
Broadcast to the membership ports
defined in the VLAN Table bits [18:16]
Yes
1
No
Yes
Send to the destination port defined in the
Dynamic MAC Address Table bits [53:52]
Yes
1
Yes
Don’t care
Send to the destination port(s) defined in
the Static MAC Address Table bits [50:48]
DA found in
Static MAC
Table?
Use FID flag?
No
Table 9. FID+DA Lookup in VLAN Mode
FID+SA found in Dynamic
MAC Table?
Action
No
Learn and add FID+SA to the Dynamic MAC Address Table
Yes
Update time stamp
Table 10. FID+SA Lookup in VLAN Mode
Advanced VLAN features, such as “Ingress VLAN filtering” and “Discard Non PVID packets” are also supported
by the KS8993M. These features can be set on a per port basis, and are defined in register 18, bit 6 and bit 5,
respectively for port 1.
QoS Priority Support
This feature provides Quality of Service (QoS) for applications, such as VoIP and video conferencing. The
KS8993M per port transmit queue could be split into two priority queues: a high priority queue and a low priority
queue. Bit 0 of registers 16, 32 and 48 is used to enable split transmit queues for ports 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
Optionally, the Px_TXQ2 strap-in pins can be used to enable this feature. With split transmit queues, high priority
packets will be placed in the high priority queue and low priority packets will be placed in the low priority queue.
For split transmit queues, the KS8993M provides four priority schemes:
1. “Transmit all high priority packets before low priority packets;” i.e. a low priority packet could be transmitted
only when the high priority queue is empty
2. “Transmit high priority packets and low priority packets at 10:1 ratio;” i.e. transmit a low priority packet after
every 10 high priority packets are transmitted, if both queues are busy
3. “Transmit high priority packets and low priority packets at 5:1 ratio”
4. “Transmit high priority packets and low priority packets at 2:1 ratio”
If a port's transmit queue is not split, both high priority packets and low priority packets have equal priority in the
transmit queue. Register 5 bits [3:2] are used to select the desired priority scheme. Optionally, the PRSEL1 and
PRSEL0 strap-in pins can be used.
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Port-Based Priority
With port based priority, each ingress port can be individually classified as a high priority receiving port. All
packets received at the high priority receiving port are marked as high priority, and will be sent to the high priority
transmit queue if the corresponding transmit queue is split. Bit 4 of registers 16, 32 and 48 is used to enable port
based priority for ports 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Optionally, the Px_PP strap-in pins can be used to enable this
feature.
802.1p-Based Priority
For 802.1p based priority, the KS8993M will examine the ingress (incoming) packets to determine whether they
are tagged. If tagged, the 3-bits priority field in the VLAN tag is retrieved and compared against the “priority base”
value, specified by register 2 bits [6:4]. The “priority base” value is programmable; its default value is 0x4.
The following figure illustrates how the 802.1p priority field is embedded in the 802.1Q VLAN tag.
8
6
6
2
2
2
Preamble
DA
SA
VPID
TCI
length
Bits
802.1q VLAN Tag
16
Tagged Packet Type
(8100 for Ethernet)
3
1
802.1p
CFI
Bytes
46-1500
LLC
Data
4
FCS
12
VLAN ID
Figure 6. 802.1p Priority Field Format
If an ingress packet has an equal or higher priority value than the "priority base" value, the packet will be placed in
the high priority transmit queue if the corresponding transmit queue is split. 802.1p based priority is enabled by bit
5 of registers 16, 32 and 48 for ports 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Optionally, the Px_1PEN strap-in pins can be used
to enable this feature.
The KS8993M provides the option to insert or remove the priority tagged frame's header at each individual egress
port. This header, consisting of the 2 bytes VLAN Protocol ID (VPID) and the 2 bytes Tag Control Information field
(TCI), is also refer to as the 802.1Q VLAN Tag.
Tag Insertion is enabled by bit 2 of registers 16, 32 and 48 for ports 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Optionally, the
Px_TAGINS strap-in pins can be used to enable this feature. At the egress port, untagged packets are tagged
with the ingress port’s default tag. The default tags are programmed in register sets {19,20}, {35,36} and {51,52}
for ports 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The KS8993M will not add tags to already tagged packets.
Tag Removal is enabled by bit 1 of registers 16, 32 and 48 for ports 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Optionally, the
Px_TAGRM strap-in pins can be used to enable this feature. At the egress port, tagged packets will have their
802.1Q VLAN Tags removed. The KS8993M will not modify untagged packets.
The CRC is recalculated for both tag insertion and tag removal.
802.1p Priority Field Re-mapping is a QoS feature that allows the KS8993M to set the “User Priority Ceiling” at
any ingress port. If the ingress packet’s priority field has a higher priority value than the default tag’s priority field
of the ingress port, the packet’s priority field is replaced with the default tag’s priority field. The “User Priority
Ceiling” is enabled by bit 3 of registers 16, 32 and 48 for ports 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
DiffServ-Based Priority
DiffServ-based priority uses registers 96 to 103. More details are provided at the beginning of the Advanced
Control Registers section.
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Rate Limiting Support
The KS8993M supports hardware rate limiting independently on the “receive side” and on the “transmit side” on a
per port basis. Rate limiting is supported in both priority and non-priority environment. The rate limit starts from 0
kbps and goes up to the line rate in steps of 32 kbps. The KS8993M uses “one second” as the rate limiting
interval. At the beginning of each interval, the counter is cleared to zero, and the rate limit mechanism starts to
count the number of bytes during the interval.
On the “receive side”, if the number of bytes exceeds the programmed limit, the switch will stop receiving packets
on the port until the “one second” interval expires. Flow control can be enabled to prevent packet loss. If the rate
limit is programmed greater than or equal to 128 kbps and the byte counter is 8 Kbytes below the limit, flow
control will be triggered. If the rate limit is programmed lower than 128 kbps and the byte counter is 2 Kbytes
below the limit, flow control will also be triggered.
On the “transmit side”, if the number of bytes exceeds the programmed limit, the switch will stop transmitting
packets on the port until the “one second” interval expires.
If priority is enabled, the KS8993M can be programmed to support different rate limits for high priority packets and
low priority packets.
Configuration Interface
The KS8993M can operate as both a managed switch and an unmanaged switch.
In unmanaged mode, the KS8993M is typically programmed using an EEPROM. If no EEPROM is present, the
KS8993M is configured using its default register settings. Some defaults settings are configured via strap-in pin
options. The strap-in pins are indicated in the “KS8993M Pin Description and I/O Assignment” table.
I2C Master Serial Bus Configuration
With an additional I2C (“2-wire”) EEPROM, the KS8993M can perform more advanced switch features like
“broadcast storm protection” and “rate control” without the need of an external processor.
For KS8993M I2C Master configuration, the EEPROM stores the configuration data for register 0 to register 109
(as defined in the KS8993M register map) with the exception of the “Read Only” status registers. After the deassertion of reset, the KS8993M will sequentially read in the configuration data for all 110 registers, starting from
register 0. The configuration access time (tprgm) is less than 15 ms, as depicted in the following figure.
RST_N
....
SCL
....
SDA
....
tprgm<15 ms
Figure 7. KS8993M EEPROM Configuration Timing Diagram
The following is a sample procedure for programming the KS8993M with a pre-configured EEPROM:
1. Connect the KS8993M to the EEPROM by joining the SCL and SDA signals of the respective devices. For the
KS8993M, SCL is pin 97 and SDA is pin 98.
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2. Enable I2C master mode by setting the KS8993M strap-in pins, PS[1:0] (pins 100 and 101, respectively) to
“00”.
3. Check to ensure that the KS8993M reset signal input, RST_N (pin 67), is properly connected to the external
reset source at the board level.
4. Program the desired configuration data into the EEPROM.
5. Place the EEPROM on the board and power up the board.
6. Assert an active-low reset to the RST_N pin of the KS8993M. After reset is de-asserted, the KS8993M will
begin reading the configuration data from the EEPROM. The KS8993M will check that the first byte read from
the EEPROM is “93”. If this value is correct, EEPROM configuration will continue. If not, EEPROM
configuration access is denied and all other data sent from the EEPROM will be ignored by the KS8993M.
The configuration access time (tprgm) is less than 15ms.
Note: For proper operation, check to ensure that the KS8993M PWRDN input signal (pin 36) is not asserted
during the reset operation. The PWRDN input is active low.
I2C Slave Serial Bus Configuration
In managed mode, the KS8993M can be configured as an I2C slave device. In this mode, an I2C master device
(external controller/CPU) has complete programming access to the KS8993M’s 128 registers. Programming
access includes the Global Registers, Port Registers, Advanced Control Registers and indirect access to the
“Static MAC Table”, “VLAN Table”, “Dynamic MAC Table,” and “MIB Counters.” The tables and counters are
indirectly accessed via registers 110 thru 120.
In I2C slave mode, the KS8993M operates like other I2C slave devices. Addressing the KS8993M’s 8 bit registers
is similar to addressing Atmel’s AT24C02 EEPROM’s memory locations. Details of I2C read/write operations and
related timing information can be found in the AT24C02 Datasheet.
Two fixed 8 bits device addresses are used to address the KS8993M in I2C slave mode. One is for read; the other
is for write. The addresses are as follow:
1011_1111 <read>
1011_1110 <write>
The following is a sample procedure for programming the KS8993M using the I2C slave serial bus:
1. Enable I2C slave mode by setting the KS8993M strap-in pins PS[1:0] (pins 100 and 101, respectively) to “01”.
2. Power up the board and assert reset to the KS8993M. After reset, the “Start Switch” bit (register 1 bit 0) will
be set to ‘0’.
3. Configure the desired register settings in the KS8993M, using the I2C write operation.
4. Read back and verify the register settings in the KS8993M, using the I2C read operation.
5. Write a ‘1’ to the “Start Switch” bit to start the KS8993M with the programmed settings.
Note: The “Start Switch” bit cannot be set to ‘0’ to stop the switch after an ‘1’ is written to this bit. Thus, it is
recommended that all switch configuration settings are programmed before the “Start Switch” bit is set to ‘1’.
Some of the configuration settings, such as “Aging enable”, “Auto Negotiation Enable”, “Force Speed” and “Power
down” can be programmed after the switch has been started.
SPI Slave Serial Bus Configuration
In managed mode, the KS8993M can be configured as a SPI slave device. In this mode, a SPI master device
(external controller/CPU) has complete programming access to the KS8993M’s 128 registers. Programming
access includes the Global Registers, Port Registers, Advanced Control Registers and indirect access to the
“Static MAC Table”, “VLAN Table”, “Dynamic MAC Table” and “MIB Counters”. The tables and counters are
indirectly accessed via registers 110 thru 120.
The KS8993M supports two standard SPI commands: ‘0000_0011’ for data read and ‘0000_0010’ for data write.
SPI multiple read and multiple write are also supported by the KS8993M to expedite register read back and
register configuration, respectively.
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SPI multiple read is initiated when the master device continues to drive the KS8993M SPIS_N input pin (SPI
Slave Select signal) low after a byte (a register) is read. The KS8993M internal address counter will increment
automatically to the next byte (next register) after the read. The next byte at the next register address will be
shifted out onto the KS8993M SPIQ output pin. SPI multiple read will continue until the SPI master device
terminates it by de-asserting the SPIS_N signal to the KS8993M.
Similarly, SPI multiple write is initiated when the master device continues to drive the KS8993M SPIS_N input pin
low after a byte (a register) is written. The KS8993M internal address counter will increment automatically to the
next byte (next register) after the write. The next byte that is sent from the master device to the KS8993M SDA
input pin will be written to the next register address. SPI multiple write will continue until the SPI master device
terminates it by de-asserting the SPIS_N signal to the KS8993M.
For both SPI multiple read and multiple write, the KS8993M internal address counter will wrap back to register
address zero once the highest register address is reached. This feature allows all 128 KS8993M registers to be
read, or written with a single SPI command and any initial register address.
The KS8993M is capable of supporting a 5MHz SPI bus.
The following is a sample procedure for programming the KS8993M using the SPI bus:
1. At the board level, connect the KS8993M pins as follows:
KS8993M Pin #
KS8993M Signal Name
External Processor Signal Description
99
SPIS_N
SPI Slave Select
97
SCL
(SPIC)
SPI Clock
98
SDA
(SPID)
SPI Data
(Master output; Slave input)
96
SPIQ
SPI Data
(Master input; Slave output)
Table 11. KS8993M SPI Connections
2. Enable SPI slave mode by setting the KS8993M strap-in pins PS[1:0] (pins 100 and 101, respectively) to “10”.
3. Power up the board and assert reset to the KS8993M.
After reset, the “Start Switch” bit (register 1 bit 0) will be set to ‘0’.
4. Configure the desired register settings in the KS8993M, using the SPI write or multiple write command.
5. Read back and verify the register settings in the KS8993M, using the SPI read or multiple read command.
6. Write a ‘1’ to the “Start Switch” bit to start the KS8993M with the programmed settings.
Note: The “Start Switch” bit cannot be set to ‘0’ to stop the switch after an ‘1’ is written to this bit. Thus, it is
recommended that all switch configuration settings are programmed before the “Start Switch” bit is set to ‘1’.
Some of the configuration settings, such as “Aging enable”, “Auto Negotiation Enable”, “Force Speed” and “Power
down” can be programmed after the switch has been started.
The following four figures illustrate the SPI data cycles for “Write”, “Read”, “Multiple Write” and “Multiple Read”.
The read data is registered out of SPIQ on the falling edge of SPIC, and the data input on SPID is registered on
the rising edge of SPIC.
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SPIS_N
SPIC
SPID
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
SPIQ
WRITE COMMAND
WRITE ADDRESS
WRITE DATA
Figure 8. SPI Write Data Cycle
SPIS_N
SPIC
SPID
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
A7
A6
A5 A4
A3 A2
A1
A0
SPIQ
D7
READ COMMAND
D6
READ ADDRESS
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
READ DATA
Figure 9. SPI Read Data Cycle
SPIS_N
SPIC
SPID
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D2
D1
D0
SPIQ
WRITE COMMAND
WRITE ADDRESS
Byte 1
SPIS_N
SPIC
SPID
D7
D6
D5
D4
D4
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
SPIQ
Byte 2
Byte 3 ...
Byte N
Figure 10. SPI Multiple Write
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SPIS_N
SPIC
SPID
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
SPIQ
READ COMMAND
A0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
READ ADDRESS
Byte 1
SPIS_N
SPIC
SPID
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
SPIQ
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte N
Figure 11. SPI Multiple Read
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Loopback Support
The KS8993M provides loopback support for remote diagnostic of failure. In loopback mode, the speed at both
PHY ports needs to be set to 100BASE-TX, and the “Priority Buffer reserve” bit needs to be set to 48 preallocated buffers per output queue. The latter is required to prevent loopback packet drops and is achieved by
setting register 4 bit 0 to ‘1’.
Bit 0 of registers 29 and 45 is used to enable loopback for ports 1 and 2, respectively.
Alternatively, the MII Management register 0, bit 14 can be used to enable loopback.
Loopback is conducted between the KS8993M’s two PHY ports. The loopback path starts at the “Originating.”
PHY ports receive inputs (RXP/RXM), wraps around at the “loopback” PHY port’s PMD/PMA, and ends at the
“Originating” PHY port’s transmit outputs (TXP/TXM). The KS8993M loopback path is illustrated in the following
figure.
Figure 12. Loopback Path
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MII Management (MIIM) Registers
The MIIM interface is used to access the MII PHY registers defined in this section. The SPI, I2C, and SMI
interfaces can also be used to access these registers. The latter three interfaces use a different mapping
mechanism than the MIIM interface.
As defined in the IEEE 802.3 specification, the “PHYAD” are assigned as “0x1” for PHY port 1 and “0x2” for PHY
port 2. The “REGAD” supported are 0,1,2,3,4, and 5.
Register Number
Description
0x0
Basic Control Register
0x1
Basic Status Register
0x2
Physical Identifier I
0x3
Physical Identifier II
0x4
Auto-Negotiation Advertisement Register
0x5
Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability Register
0x6 – 0x1F
Not supported
Register 0: MII Basic Control
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
15
Soft reset
RO
NOT SUPPORTED
0
14
Loopback
R/W
=1, Loopback mode
0
13
Force 100
R/W
=0, Normal operation
AN enable
R/W
Reg. 29, bit 0
Reg. 45, bit 0
=1, 100 Mbps
0
=0, 10 Mbps
12
Reference
Reg. 28, bit 6
Reg. 44, bit 6
=1, Auto-negotiation enabled
1
=0, Auto-negotiation disabled
11
Power down
R/W
=1, Power down
0
10
Isolate
RO
NOT SUPPORTED
0
9
Restart AN
R/W
=1, Restart auto-negotiation
0
8
Force full
duplex
R/W
=1, Full duplex
=0, Normal operation
Reg. 45, bit 3
=0, Normal operation
Reg. 29, bit 5
Reg. 45, bit 5
0
=0, Half duplex
Reg. 28, bit 5
Reg. 44, bit 5
7
Collision test
RO
6
Reserved
RO
0
5
Reserved
RO
0
4
Force MDI
R/W
NOT SUPPORTED
0
=1, Force MDI (transmit on RXP / RXM pins)
=0, Normal operation (transmit on TXP / TXM
pins)
April 2005
Reg. 29, bit 3
44
0
Reg. 29, bit 1
Reg. 45, bit 1
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Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 0: MII Basic Control (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
3
Disable MDIX
R/W
=1, Disable auto MDI-X
0
Reg. 29, bit 2
=0, Normal operation
Disable far end
fault
R/W
1
Disable
transmit
R/W
=1, Disable transmit
0
Disable LED
R/W
=1, Disable LED
2
Reference
Reg. 45, bit 2
=1, Disable far end fault detection
0
Reg. 29, bit 4
0
Reg. 29, bit 6
=0, Normal operation
=0, Normal operation
Reg. 45, bit 6
0
Reg. 29, bit 7
=0, Normal operation
Reg. 45, bit 7
Register 1: MII Basic Status
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
Reference
15
T4 capable
RO
=0, Not 100 BASE-T4 capable
0
14
100 Full
capable
RO
=1, 100BASE-TX full duplex capable
1
Always 1
100 Half
capable
RO
1
Always 1
10 Full
capable
RO
1
Always 1
11
10 Half
capable
RO
1
Always 1
10-7
Reserved
RO
6
Preamble
suppressed
RO
NOT SUPPORTED
0
5
AN complete
RO
=1, Auto-negotiation complete
0
13
12
=0, Not capable of 100BASE-TX full duplex
=1, 100BASE-TX half duplex capable
=0, Not 100BASE-TX half duplex capable
=1, 10BASE-T full duplex capable
=0, Not 10BASE-T full duplex capable
=1, 10BASE-T half duplex capable
=0, Not 10BASE-T half duplex capable
0
=0, Auto-negotiation not completed
4
Far end fault
RO
=1, Far end fault detected
Reg. 30, bit 6
Reg. 46, bit 6
0
Reg. 31, bit 0
1
Reg. 28, bit 7
=0, No far end fault detected
3
AN capable
RO
2
Link status
RO
=1, Auto-negotiation capable
=0, Not auto-negotiation capable
=1, Link is up
Reg. 44, bit 7
0
=0, Link is down
Reg. 30, bit 5
Reg. 46, bit 5
1
Jabber test
RO
NOT SUPPORTED
0
0
Extended
capable
RO
=0, Not extended register capable
0
Register 2: PHYID HIGH
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
15-0
PHYID high
RO
High order PHYID bits
0x0022
Register 3: PHYID LOW
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
15-0
PHYID low
RO
Low order PHYID bits
0x1430
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Register 4: Auto-Negotiation Advertisement Ability
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
NOT SUPPORTED
15
Next page
RO
14
Reserved
RO
13
Remote fault
RO
12-11
Reserved
RO
10
Pause
R/W
Default
0
0
NOT SUPPORTED
0
0
=1, Advertise pause ability
1
=0, Do not advertise pause ability
9
Reserved
R/W
8
Adv 100 Full
R/W
Adv 100 Half
R/W
0
=1, Advertise 100 full duplex ability
1
=1, Advertise 100 half duplex ability
Adv 10 Full
R/W
=1, Advertise 10 full duplex ability
1
Adv 10 Half
R/W
=1, Advertise 10 half duplex ability
1
Selector field
RO
802.3
Reg. 28, bit 1
Reg. 44, bit 1
1
=0, Do not advertise 10 half duplex ability
4-0
Reg. 28, bit 2
Reg. 44, bit 2
=0, Do not advertise 10 full duplex ability
5
Reg. 28, bit 3
Reg. 44, bit 3
=0, Do not advertise 100 half duplex
ability
6
Reg. 28, bit 4
Reg. 44, bit 4
=0, Do not advertise 100 full duplex ability
7
Reference
Reg. 28, bit 0
Reg. 44, bit 0
00001
Register 5: Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
15
Next page
RO
NOT SUPPORTED
0
14
LP ACK
RO
NOT SUPPORTED
0
13
Remote fault
RO
NOT SUPPORTED
0
12-11
Reserved
RO
10
Pause
RO
Reference
0
Link partner pause capability
0
Reg. 30, bit 4
Reg. 46, bit 4
9
Reserved
RO
8
Adv 100 Full
RO
0
Link partner 100 full capability
0
Reg. 30, bit 3
Reg. 46, bit 3
7
Adv 100 Half
RO
Link partner 100 half capability
0
6
Adv 10 Full
RO
Link partner 10 full capability
0
Reg. 30, bit 2
Reg. 46, bit 2
Reg. 30, bit 1
Reg. 46, bit 1
5
Adv 10 Half
RO
Link partner 10 half capability
0
Reg. 30, bit 0
Reg. 46, bit 0
4-0
Reserved
April 2005
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00000
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Register Map: Switch & PHY (8 bit registers)
Global Registers
Register (Decimal)
Register (Hex0
Description
0-1
0x00-0x01
Chip ID Registers
2-11
0x02-0x0B
Global Control Registers
12
0x0C
Reserved Register
13-15
0x0D-0x0F
User Defined Registers
Register (Decimal)
Register (Hex0
Description
16-29
0x10-0x1D
Port 1 Control Registers, including MII PHY Registers
30-31
0x1E-0x1F
Port 1 Status Registers, including MII PHY Registers
32-45
0x20-0x2D
Port 2 Control Registers, including MII PHY Registers
46-47
0x2E-0x2F
Port 2 Status Registers, including MII PHY Registers
48-61
0x30-0x3D
Port 3 Control Registers, including MII PHY Registers
62-63
0x3E-0x3F
Port 3 Status Registers, including MII PHY Registers
64-95
0x40-0x5F
Reserved
Port Registers
Advanced Control Registers
Register (Decimal)
Register (Hex0
Description
96-103
0x60-0x67
TOS Priority Control Registers
104-109
0x68-0x6D
Switch Engine’s MAC Address Registers
110-111
0x6E-0x6F
Indirect Access Control Registers
112-120
0x70-0x78
Indirect Data Registers
121-122
0x79-0x7A
Digital Testing Status Registers
123-124
0x7B-0x7C
Digital Testing Control Registers
125-126
0x7D-0x7E
Analog Testing Control Registers
127
0x7F
Analog Testing Status Register
Global Registers
Register 0 (0x00): Chip ID0
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Family ID
RO
Chip family
0x93
April 2005
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Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 1 (0x01): Chip ID1 / Start Switch
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-4
Chip ID
RO
0x0 is assigned to M series. (93M)
0x0
3-1
Revision ID
RO
Revision ID
-
0
Start switch
RW
= 1, start the chip when external pins
-
(PS1, PS0) = (0,1) or (1,0) or (1,1).
Note: In (PS1, PS0) = (0, 0) mode, the chip will start
automatically after trying to read the external
EEPROM. If EEPROM does not exist, the chip will
use pin strapping and default values for all internal
registers. If EEPROM is present, the contents in the
EEPROM will be checked. The switch will check: (1)
Register 0 = 0x93, (2) Register 1 bits [7:4] = 0x0. If
this check is OK, the contents in the EEPROM will
override chip registers’ default values.
= 0, chip will not start when external pins
(PS1, PS0) = (0,1) or (1,0) or (1,1).
Register 2 (0x02): Global Control 0
Bit
7
Name
R/W
Description
Default
New back-off
R/W
New back-off algorithm designed for UNH
0x0
Enable
1 = Enable
0 = Disable
6-4
802.1p base
priority
R/W
Used to classify priority for incoming 802.1Q packets.
“user priority” is compared against this value.
0x4
>= : classified as high priority
<
: classified as low priority
3
Pass flow
control packet
R/W
= 1, switch will not filter 802.1x “flow control” packets
0x0
2
Buffer share
mode
R/W
= 1, buffer pool is shared by all ports. A port can use
more buffers when other ports are not busy.
0x1
= 0, a port is only allowed to use 1/3 of the buffer
pool.
1
Reserved
R/W
Reserved
0
0
Link change
age
R/W
= 1, link change from “link” to “no link” will cause fast
aging (<800us) to age
address table faster. After
an age cycle is complete, the age logic will return to
normal aging (about 200 sec).
0
Note: If any port is unplugged, all addresses will be
automatically aged out.
April 2005
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M9999-041205
Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 3 (0x03): Global Control 1
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
Pass all frames
R/W
= 1, switch all packets including bad ones. Used
solely for debugging purposes. Works in conjunction
with sniffer mode only.
0
6
Repeater
mode
R/W
0 = normal mode
0
IEEE 802.3x
Transmit
direction flow
control enable
R/W
IEEE 802.3x
Receive
direction flow
control enable
R/W
Frame Length
field check
R/W
5
4
3
1 = repeater mode (half duplex Hub mode)
= 1, will enable transmit direction flow control feature.
1
= 0, will not enable transmit direction flow control
feature.
= 1, will enable receive direction flow control feature.
1
= 0, will not enable receive direction flow control
feature.
1 = will check frame length field in the IEEE packets.
If the actual length does not match, the packet will be
dropped
0
(for Length/Type field < 1500).
2
Aging enable
R/W
1 = enable age function in the chip
1
1
Fast age
enable
R/W
1 = turn on fast age (800us)
0
0
Aggressive
back off enable
R/W
1 = enable more aggressive back off algorithm in half
duplex mode to enhance performance. This is not an
IEEE standard.
SMAC (pin
69) value
during
reset.
0 = disable age function in the chip
Register 4 (0x04): Global Control 2
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
Unicast portVLAN
mismatch
discard
R/W
This feature is used for port-VLAN (described in reg.
17, reg. 33, …)
1
= 1, all packets can not cross VLAN
boundary
= 0, unicast packets (excluding
unkown/multicast/broadcast) can cross VLAN
boundary
Note: Port mirroring is not supported if this bit is set to
“0”.
6
Multicast storm
protection
disable
R/W
= 1, “Broadcast Storm Protection” does not include
multicast packets. Only
1
DA = FFFFFFFFFFFF packets will be
regulated.
= 0, “Broadcast Storm Protection” includes
DA = FFFFFFFFFFFF and DA[40] = 1 packets.
5
Back pressure
Mode
April 2005
R/W
= 1, carrier sense based backpressure is selected
1
= 0, collision based backpressure is selected
49
M9999-041205
Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 4 (0x04): Global Control 2 (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
4
Flow control
and back
pressure fair
mode
R/W
= 1, fair mode is selected. In this mode, if a flow
control port and a non-flow control port talk to the
same destination port, packets from the non-flow
control port may be dropped. This is to prevent the
flow control port from being flow controlled for an
extended period of time.
1
= 0, in this mode, if a flow control port and a non-flow
control port talk to the same destination port, the flow
control port will be flow controlled. This may not be
“fair” to the flow control port.
No excessive
collision drop
3
R/W
= 1, the switch will not drop packets when 16 or more
collisions occur.
= 0, the switch will drop packets when 16 or more
collisions occur.
Huge packet
support
2
R/W
= 1, will accept packet sizes up to 1916 bytes
(inclusive). This bit setting will override setting from
bit 1 of the same register.
SMAC (pin
69) value
during
reset.
0
= 0, the max packet size will be determined by bit 1 of
this register.
1
0
Legal
Maximum
Packet size
check enable
R/W
Priority Buffer
reserve
R/W
= 0, will accept packet sizes up to 1536 bytes
(inclusive).
= 1, 1522 bytes for tagged packets, 1518 bytes for
untagged packets. Any packets larger than the
specified value will be dropped.
= 1, each output queue is pre-allocated 48 buffers,
used exclusively for high priority packets. It is
recommended to enable this when priority queue
feature is turned on.
SMRXD0
(pin 85)
value
during
reset.
1
= 0, no reserved buffers for high priority packets.
Register 5 (0x05): Global Control 3
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
802.1Q VLAN
enable
R/W
= 1, 802.1Q VLAN mode is turned on. VLAN table
needs to set up before the operation.
0
6
IGMP snoop
enable on
Switch MII
interface
R/W
5
Reserved
R/W
4
Reserved
R/W
3-2
Priority
Scheme select
R/W
= 0, 802.1Q VLAN is disabled.
=1, IGMP snoop is enabled.
0
All the IGMP packets will be forwarded to the Switch
MII port.
=0, IGMP snoop is disabled.
0
0
00 = always deliver high priority packets first
00
01 = deliver high/low packets at ratio 10/1
10 = deliver high/low packets at ratio 5/1
11 = deliver high/low packets at ratio 2/1
1
Reserved
April 2005
R/W
0
50
M9999-041205
Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 5 (0x05): Global Control 3 (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
0
Sniff mode
select
R./W
= 1, will do rx AND tx sniff (both source port and
destination port need to match)
0
= 0, will do rx OR tx sniff (Either source port or
destination port needs to match). This is the mode
used to implement rx only sniff.
Register 6 (0x06): Global Control 4
Bit
Name
R/W
7
Reserved
R/W
6
Switch MII halfduplex mode
R/W
Description
Default
= 1, enable MII interface half-duplex mode.
Pin SMRXD2
strap option.
0
= 0, enable MII interface full-duplex mode.
Pull-down(0):
Full-duplex
mode
Pull-up(1):
Half-duplex
mode
Note:
SMRXD2 has
internal pulldown.
5
Switch MII flow
control enable
R/W
= 1, enable full-duplex flow control on Switch MII
interface.
Pin SMRXD3
strap option.
= 0, disable full-duplex flow control on Switch MII
interface.
Pull-down(0):
Disable flow
control
Pull- up(1):
Enable flow
control
Note:
SMRXD3 has
internal pulldown.
4
Switch MII
10BT
R/W
= 1, the switch interface is in 10Mbps mode
= 0, the switch interface is in 100Mbps mode
Pin SMRXD1
strap option.
Pull –
down(0):
Enable
100Mbps
Pull-up(1):
Enable
10Mpbs
Note:
SMRXD1 has
internal pulldown.
April 2005
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Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 6 (0x06): Global Control 4 (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
3
Null VID
replacement
R/W
= 1, will replace NULL VID with port VID(12 bits)
0
Broadcast
storm
protection rate
Bit [10:8]
R/W
2-0
= 0, no replacement for NULL VID
This register along with the next register determines
how many “64 byte blocks” of packet data allowed on
an input port in a preset period. The period is 50ms
for 100BT or 500ms for 10BT. The default is 1%.
000
Register 7 (0x07): Global Control 5
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Broadcast
storm
protection
(1)
rate
R/W
This register along with the previous register
determines how many “64 byte blocks” of packet data
are allowed on an input port in a preset period. The
period is 67ms for 100BT or 500ms for 10BT. The
default is 1%.
0x63
Bit [7:0]
Note: Rate: 148,800 frames/sec * 67 ms/interval * 1% = 99 frames/interval (approx.) = 0x63
Register 8 (0x08): Global Control 6
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Factory testing
R/W
Reserved
0x4E
Register 9 (0x09): Global Control 7
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Factory testing
R/W
Reserved
0x24
Register 10 (0x0A): Global Control 8
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Factory testing
R/W
Reserved
0x24
Register 11 (0x0B): Global Control 9
Bit
Name
7
Reserved
6
PHY
power
save
R/W
5
Reserved
R/W
Reserved
0
4
Reserved
RW
Testing mode, must be 0
0
3
Reserved
R/W
Reserved
1
April 2005
R/W
Description
Default
Reserved
0
= 1, enable PHY power save mode
0
= 0, disable PHY power save mode
52
M9999-041205
Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 11 (0x0B): Global Control 9 (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
2
1
Reserved
R/W
Reserved
0
LED mode
R/W
This register bit sets the LEDSEL0 selection only.
LEDSEL1 is set via strap-in pin.
LEDSEL0
pin value
during
reset.
Port x LED indicators, defined as below:
[LEDSEL1, LEDSEL0]
[0, 0]
[0, 1]
PxLED3
------
------
PxLED2
LINK/ACT
100LINK/ACT
PxLED1
FULL_DPX/COL
10LINK/ACT
PxLED0
SPEED
FULL_DPX
[LEDSEL1, LEDSEL0]
[1, 0]
[1, 1]
PxLED3
ACT
------
PxLED2
LINK
------
PxLED1
FULL_DPX/COL
------
PxLED0
SPEED
------
Notes:
LEDSEL0 is external strap-in pin #70.
LEDSEL1 is external strap-in pin #23.
Special
TPID
mode
0
R/W
Used for direct mode forwarding from port 3. See
description in “spanning tree” functional description.
0
0 = disable
1 = enable
Register 12 (0x0C): Reserved Register
Bit
Name
7-0
Reserved
R/W
Description
Default
Reserved
0x00
Register 13 (0x0D): User Defined Register 1
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
UDR1
R/W
Description
Default
0x00
Register 14 (0x0E): User Defined Register 2
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
UDR2
R/W
Description
Default
0x00
Register 15 (0x0F): User Defined Register 3
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
UDR3
R/W
April 2005
Description
Default
0x00
53
M9999-041205
Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Port Registers
The following registers are used to enable features that are assigned on a per port basis. The register bit
assignments are the same for all ports, but the address for each port is different, as indicated.
Register 16 (0x10): Port 1 Control 0
Register 32 (0x20): Port 2 Control 0
Register 48 (0x30): Port 3 Control 0
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
Broadcast
storm
protection
enable
R/W
= 1, enable broadcast storm protection for
ingress packets on the port
0
DiffServ priority
classification
enable
R/W
802.1p priority
classification
enable
R/W
6
5
= 0, disable broadcast storm protection
= 1, enable DiffServ priority classification for
ingress packets on port
0
= 0, disable DiffServ function
= 1, enable 802.1p priority classification for
ingress packets on port
Pin value during
reset:
= 0, disable 802.1p
P1_1PEN (port
1)
P2_1PEN (port
2)
P3_1PEN (port
3)
4
Port-based
priority
classification
enable
R/W
= 1, ingress packets on the port will be classified
as high priority if “DiffServ” or “802.1p”
classification is not enabled or fails to classify.
Pin value during
reset:
= 0, ingress packets on port will be classified as
low priority if “DiffServ” or “802.1p” classification
is not enabled or fails to classify.
P2_PP (port 2)
P1_PP (port 1)
P3_PP (port 3)
Note: “DiffServ”, “802.1p” and port priority can be
enabled at the same time. The OR’ed result of
802.1p and DSCP overwrites the port priority.
3
User priority
ceiling
R/W
= 1, if the packet’s “user priority field” is greater
than the “user priority field” in the port default tag
register, replace the packet’s “user priority field”
with the “user priority field” in the port default tag
register.
0
= 0, do not compare and replace the packet’s
‘user priority field”
2
Tag insertion
R/W
= 1, when packets are output on the port, the
switch will add 802.1p/q tags to packets without
802.1p/q tags when received. The switch will not
add tags to packets already tagged. The tag
inserted is the ingress port’s “port VID”.
= 0, disable tag insertion
Pin value during
reset:
P1_TAGINS
(port 1)
P2_TAGINS
(port 2)
P3_TAGINS
(port 3)
April 2005
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Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 16 (0x10): Port 1 Control 0
Register 32 (0x20): Port 2 Control 0
Register 48 (0x30): Port 3 Control 0 (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
1
Tag removal
R/W
= 1, when packets are output on the port, the
switch will remove 802.1p/q tags from packets
with 802.1p/q tags when received. The switch will
not modify packets received without tags.
Pin value during
reset:
= 0, disable tag removal
P2_TAGRM
(port 2)
P1_TAGRM
(port 1)
P3_TAGRM
(port 3)
0
Priority enable
R/W
= 1, the port output queue is split into high and
low priority queues.
Pin value during
reset:
= 0, single output queue on the port. There is no
priority differentiation even though packets are
classified into high or low priority.
P1_TXQ2 (port
1)
P2_TXQ2 (port
2)
P3_TXQ2 (port
3)
Register 17 (0x11): Port 1 Control 1
Register 33 (0x21): Port 2 Control 1
Register 49 (0x31): Port 3 Control 1
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
Sniffer port
R/W
= 1, Port is designated as sniffer port and will
transmit packets that are monitored.
0
6
Receive sniff
R/W
= 0, Port is a normal port
= 1, All the packets received on the port will be
marked as “monitored packets” and forwarded to
the designated “sniffer port”
0
= 0, no receive monitoring
5
Transmit sniff
R/W
4
Double tag
R/W
= 1, All the packets transmitted on the port will be
marked as “monitored packets” and forwarded to
the designated “sniffer port”
0
= 0, no transmit monitoring
= 1, All packets will be tagged with port default
tag of ingress port regardless of the original
packets are tagged or not
0x0
= 0, do not double tagged on all packets
3
Reserved
R/W
2-0
Port VLAN
membership
R/W
April 2005
0x0
Define the port’s “ egress port VLAN
membership. Bit 2 stands for port 3, bit 1 for port
2 bit 0 for port 1. The Port can only communicate
within the membership. A ‘1’ includes a port in
the membership, a ‘0’ excludes a port from
membership.
55
Pin value during
reset:
For port 1,
(PV13, PV12, 1)
For port 2,
(PV23, 1, PV21)
For port 3, (1,
PV32, PV31)
M9999-041205
Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 18 (0x12): Port 1 Control 2
Register 34 (0x22): Port 2 Control 2
Register 50 (0x32): Port 3 Control 2
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
Reserved
Reserved
0
6
Ingress VLAN
filtering
= 1, the switch will discard packets whose VID
port membership in VLAN table bits [18:16] does
not include the ingress port.
0
R/W
= 0, no ingress VLAN filtering.
Discard non
PVID packets
5
R/W
= 1, the switch will discard packets whose VID
does not match ingress port default VID.
0
= 0, no packets will be discarded
Force flow
control
4
R/W
= 1, will always enable flow control on the port,
regardless of AN result.
Pin value during
reset:
= 0, the flow control is enabled based on AN
result.
For port 1,
P1FFC pin
For port 2,
P2FFC pin
For port 3, this
bit has no
meaning. Flow
control is
controlled by
Reg. 6, bit 5.
Back pressure
enable
3
R/W
= 1, enable port’s half duplex back pressure
= 0, disable port’s half duplex back pressure.
Pin value during
reset:
BPEN pin
2
Transmit
enable
R/W
= 1, enable packet transmission on the port
1
Receive
R/W
= 1, enable packet reception on the port
= 0, disable packet transmission on the port
enable
Learning
disable
0
1
1
= 0, disable packet reception on the port
R/W
= 1, disable switch address learning capability
0
= 0, enable switch address learning
Note: Bits [2:0] are used for spanning tree support (see page 33).
Register 19 (0x13): Port 1 Control 3
Register 35 (0x23): Port 2 Control 3
Register 51 (0x33): Port 3 Control 3
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Default tag
R/W
Port’s default tag, containing
0x00
[15:8]
7-5 : User priority bits
4 : CFI bit
3-0 : VID[11:8]
April 2005
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M9999-041205
Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 20 (0x14): Port 1 Control 4
Register 36 (0x24): Port 2 Control 4
Register 52 (0x34): Port 3 Control 4
Bit
7-0
Name
R/W
Description
Default
Default tag
R/W
Port’s default tag, containing
0x01
[7:0]
7-0: VID[7:0]
Note: Registers 19 and 20 (and those corresponding to other ports) serve two purposes:
1. Associated with the ingress untagged packets, and used for egress tagging.
2. Default VID for the ingress untagged or null-VID-tagged packets, and used for address lookup.
Register 21 (0x15): Port 1 Control 5
Register 37 (0x25): Port 2 Control 5
Register 53 (0x35): Port 3 Control 5
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Transmit high
priority rate
control [7:0]
R/W
This register along with port control 7, bits [3:0]
form a 12-bits field to determine how many
“32Kbps” high priority blocks can be transmitted
in a unit of 4Kbytes in a one second period).
0x00
Register 22 (0x16): Port 1 Control 6
Register 38 (0x26): Port 2 Control 6
Register 54 (0x36): Port 3 Control 6
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Transmit low
priority rate
control [7:0]
R/W
This register along with port control 7, bits [7:4]
form a 12-bits field to determine how many
“32Kbps” low priority blocks can be transmitted in
a unit of 4 Kbytes in a one second period).
0x00
Register 23 (0x17): Port 1 Control 7
Register 39 (0x27): Port 2 Control 7
Register 55 (0x37): Port 3 Control 7
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-4
Transmit low
priority rate
control [11:8]
R/W
These bits along with port control 6, bits [7:0]
form a 12-bits field to determine how many
“32Kbps” low priority blocks can be transmitted in
a unit of 4Kbytes in a one second period).
0x0
3-0
Transmit high
priority rate
control [11:8]
R/W
These bits along with port control 5, bits [7:0]
form a 12-bits field to determine how many
“32Kbps” high priority blocks can be transmitted
(in a unit of 4Kbytes in a one second period).
0x0
Register 24 (0x18): Port 1 Control 8
Register 40 (0x28): Port 2 Control 8
Register 56 (0x38): Port 3 Control 8
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Receive high
priority rate
control [7:0]
R/W
This register along with port control 10, bits [3:0]
form a 12-bits field to determine how many
“32Kbps” high priority blocks can be received in a
unit of 4Kbytes in a one second period).
0x00
April 2005
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M9999-041205
Micrel, Inc.
KS8993M/ML/MI
Register 25 (0x19): Port 1 Control 9
Register 41 (0x29): Port 2 Control 9
Register 57 (0x39): Port 3 Control 9
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Receive low
priority rate
control [7:0]
R/W
This register along with port control 10, bits [7:4]
form a 12-bits field to determine how many
“32Kbps” low priority blocks can be received (in a
unit of 4Kbytes in a one second period).
0x00
Register 26 (0x1A): Port 1 Control 10
Register 42 (0x2A): Port 2 Control 10
Register 58 (0x3A): Port 3 Control 10
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-4
Receive low
priority rate
control [11:8]
R/W
These bits along with port control 9, bits [7:0]
form a 12-bits field to determine how many
“32Kbps” low priority blocks can be received (in a
unit of 4Kbytes in a one second period).
0x0
3-0
Receive high
priority rate
control [11:8]
R/W
These bits along with port control 8, bits [7:0]
form a 12-bits field to determine how many
“32Kbps” high priority blocks can be received (in
a unit of 4Kbytes in a one second period).
0x0
Register 27 (0x1B): Port 1 Control 11
Register 43 (0x2B): Port 2 Control 11
Register 59 (0x3B): Port 3 Control 11
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
Receive
differential
priority rate
control
R/W
= 1, If bit 6 is also ‘1’ this will enable receive rate
control for this port on low priority packets at the
low priority rate. If bit 5 is also ‘1’, this will enable
receive rate control on high priority packets at the
high priority rate.
0
= 0, receive rate control will be based on the low
priority rate for all packets on this port.
6
5
Low priority
receive rate
control enable
R/W
High priority
receive rate
control enable
R/W
= 1, enable port’s low priority receive rate control
feature
0
= 0, disable port’s low priority receive rate control
= 1, If bit 7 is also ‘1’ this will enable the port’s
high priority receive rate control feature. If bit 7 is
a ‘0’ and bit 6 is a ‘1’, all receive packets on this
port will be rate controlled at the low priority rate.
0
= 0, disable port’s high priority receive rate
control feature
4
Low priority
receive rate
flow control
enable
April 2005
R/W
= 1, flow control may be asserted if the port’s low
priority receive rate is exceeded.
0
= 0, flow control is not asserted if the port’s low
priority receive rate is exceeded.
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Register 27 (0x1B): Port 1 Control 11
Register 43 (0x2B): Port 2 Control 11
Register 59 (0x3B): Port 3 Control 11 (continued
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
3
High priority
receive rate
flow control
enable
R/W
= 1, flow control may be asserted if the port’s
high priority receive rate is exceeded.
0
(To use this, differential receive rate control must
be on.)
= 0, flow control is not asserted if the port’s high
priority receive rate is exceeded.
Transmit
differential
priority rate
control
2
R/W
= 1, will do transmit rate control on both high and
low priority packets based on the rate counters
defined by the high and low priority packets
respectively.
0
= 0, will do transmit rate control on any packets.
The rate counters defined in low priority will be
used.
1
0
Low priority
transmit rate
control enable
R/W
High priority
transmit rate
control enable
R/W
1, enable the port’s low priority transmit rate
control feature
0
= 0, disable the port’s low priority transmit rate
control feature
= 1, enable the port’s high priority transmit rate
control feature
0
= 0, disable the port’s high priority transmit rate
control feature
Note: Port Control 12 and 13, and Port Status 0 contents can also be accessed with the MIIM (MDC/MDIO) interface via the
Standard MIIM registers.
Register 28 (0x1C): Port 1 Control 12
Register 44 (0x2C): Port 2 Control 12
Register 60 (0x3C): Reserved, not applied to port 3
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
Auto
negotiation
enable
R/W
= 0, disable auto negotiation, speed and duplex
are decided by bit 6 and 5 of the same register.
For port 1,
P1ANEN pin
value during
reset.
= 1, auto negotiation is on
For port 2,
P2ANEN pin
value during
reset
6
Force speed
R/W
= 1, forced 100BT if AN is disabled (bit 7)
= 0, forced 10BT if AN is disabled (bit 7)
For port 1,
P1SPD pin
value during
reset.
For port 2,
P2SPD pin
value during
reset.
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Register 28 (0x1C): Port 1 Control 12
Register 44 (0x2C): Port 2 Control 12
Register 60 (0x3C): Reserved, not applied to port 3 (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
5
Force duplex
R/W
= 1, forced full duplex if (1) AN is disabled or (2)
AN is enabled but failed.
For port 1,
P1DPX pin
value during
reset.
= 0, forced half duplex if (1) AN is disabled or (2)
AN is enabled but failed.
For port 2,
P2DPX pin
value during
reset.
4
3
2
1
0
Advertised flow
control
capability
R/W
Advertised
100BT fullduplex
capability
R/W
Advertised
100BT halfduplex
capability
R/W
Advertised
10BT fullduplex
capability
R/W
Advertised
10BT halfduplex
capability
R/W
= 0, suppress flow control (pause) capability from
transmission to link partner
ADVFC pin
value during
reset.
= 1, advertise 100BT full-duplex capability
1
= 1, advertise flow control (pause) capability
= 0, suppress 100BT full-duplex capability from
transmission to link partner
= 1, advertise 100BT half-duplex capability
1
= 0, suppress 100BT half-duplex capability from
transmission to link partner
= 1, advertise 10BT full-duplex capability
1
= 0, suppress 10BT full-duplex capability from
transmission to link partner
= 1, advertise 10BT half-duplex capability
1
= 0, suppress 10BT half-duplex capability from
transmission to link partner
Register 29 (0x1D): Port 1 Control 13
Register 45 (0x2D): Port 2 Control 13
Register 61 (0x3D): Reserved, not applied to port 3
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
LED off
R/W
= 1, Turn off all port’s LEDs (LEDx_3, LEDx_2,
LEDx_1, LEDx_0, where “x” is the port number).
These pins will be driven high if this bit is set to
one.
0
= 0, normal operation
6
Txids
R/W
= 1, disable port’s transmitter
0
= 0, normal operation
5
Restart AN
R/W
= 1, restart auto-negotiation
0
= 0, normal operation
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Register 29 (0x1D): Port 1 Control 13
Register 45 (0x2D): Port 2 Control 13
Register 61 (0x3D): Reserved, not applied to port 3 (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
4
Disable far end
fault
R/W
= 1, disable far end fault detection and pattern
transmission.
0
= 0, enable far end fault detection and pattern
transmission
3
Power-down
R/W
= 1, power-down
Note: Only port
1 supports fiber.
This bit is
applicable to
port 1 only.
0
= 0, normal operation
2
1
0
Disable auto
MDI/MDI-X
R/W
Force MDI-X
R/W
Loopback
R/W
= 1, disable auto MDI/MDI-X function
0
= 0, enable auto MDI/MDI-X function
For port 2,
P2MDIX disable
pin value during
reset.
If auto MDI/MDI-X is disabled,
0
= 1, force PHY into MDI mode (transmit on
RXP/RXM pins)
For port 2,
P2MDIX pin
value during
reset.
= 0, force PHY into MDI-X mode (transmit on
TXP/TXM pins)
= 1, perform loopback, as indicated:
0
Port 1 Loopback (reg. 29, bit 0 = ‘1’)
Start: RXP2/RXM2 (port 2)
Loopback: PMD/PMA of port 1’s PHY
End: TXP2/TXM2 (port 2)
Port 2 Loopback (reg. 45, bit 0 ‘1’)
Start: RXP1/RXM1 (port 1)
Loopback: PMD/PMA of port 2’s PHY
End: TXP1/TXM1 (port 1)
= 0, normal operation
Register 30 (0x1E): Port 1 Status 0
Register 46 (0x2E): Port 2 Status 0
Register 62 (0x3E): Reserved, not applied to port 3
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
MDI-X status
RO
= 1, MDI-X
0
= 0, MDI
6
AN done
RO
5
Link good
RO
= 1, AN done
0
= 0, AN not done
= 1, link good
= 0, link not good
4
Partner flow
control
capability
April 2005
RO
= 1, link partner flow control (pause) capable
= 0, link partner not flow control (pause) capable
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Register 30 (0x1E): Port 1 Status 0
Register 46 (0x2E): Port 2 Status 0
Register 62 (0x3E): Reserved, not applied to port 3 (continued)
Bit
Name
R/W
3
Partner 100BT
full-duplex
capability
RO
Partner 100BT
half-duplex
capability
RO
Partner 10BT
full-duplex
capability
RO
Partner 10BT
half-duplex
capability
RO
2
1
0
Description
Default
= 1, link partner 100BT full-duplex capable
0
= 0, link partner not 100BT full-duplex capable
= 1, link partner 100BT half-duplex capable
0
= 0, link partner not 100BT half-duplex capable
= 1, link partner 10BT full-duplex capable
0
= 0, link partner not 10BT full-duplex capable
= 1, link partner 10BT half-duplex capable
0
= 0, link partner not 10BT half-duplex capable
Register 31 (0x1F): Port 1 Status 1
Register 47 (0x2F): Port 2 Status 1
Register 63 (0x3F): Port 3 Status 1
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7
Reserved
RO
0
6-5
Reserved
RO
00
4
Receive flow
control enable
RO
3
Transmit flow
control enable
RO
Operation
speed
RO
Operation
duplex
RO
Far end fault
RO
2
1
0
April 2005
1 = receive flow control feature is active
0
0 = receive flow control feature is inactive
1 = transmit flow control feature is active
0
0 = transmit flow control feature is inactive
1 = link speed is 100Mbps
0
0 = link speed is 10Mbps
1 = link duplex is full
0
0 = link duplex is half
= 1, far end fault status detected
0
= 0, no far end fault status detected
Note: only port
1 supports fiber;
this bit is
applicable to
port 1 only.
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Advanced Control Registers
The IPv4 TOS priority control registers implement a fully decoded 64 bit differentiated services code point (DSCP)
register used to determine priority from the 6 bit TOS field in the IP header. The most significant 6 bits of the TOS
field are fully decoded into 64 possibilities, and the singular code that results is compared against the
corresponding bit in the DSCP register. f the register bit is a 1, the priority is high; if it is a 0, the priority is low.
Register 96 (0x60): TOS Priority Control Register 0
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
DSCP[63:56]
R/W
Description
Default
0000_0000
Register 97 (0x61): TOS Priority Control Register 1
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
DSCP[55:48]
R/W
Description
Default
0000_0000
Register 98 (0x62): TOS Priority Control Register 2
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
DSCP[47:40]
R/W
Description
Default
0000_0000
Register 99 (0x63): TOS Priority Control Register 3
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
DSCP[39:32]
R/W
Description
Default
0000_0000
Register 100 (0x64): TOS Priority Control Register 4
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
DSCP[31:24]
R/W
Description
Default
0000_0000
Register 101 (0x65): TOS Priority Control Register 5
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
DSCP[23:16]
R/W
Description
Default
0000_0000
Register 102 (0x66): TOS Priority Control Register 6
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
DSCP[15:8]
R/W
Description
Default
0000_0000
Register 103 (0x67): TOS Priority Control Register 7
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
DSCP[7:0]
R/W
April 2005
Description
Default
0000_0000
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Registers 104 to 109
Registers 104 to 109 define the switching engine’s MAC address. This 48-bit address is used as the SA for MAC
pause control frames.
Register 104 (0x68): MAC Address Register 0
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
MACA[47:40]
R/W
Description
Default
0x00
Register 105 (0x69): MAC Address Register 1
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
MACA[39:32]
R/W
Description
Default
0x10
Register 106 (0x6A): MAC Address Register 2
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
MACA[31:24]
R/W
Description
Default
0xA1
Register 107 (0x6B): MAC Address Register 3
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
MACA[23:16]
R/W
Description
Default
0xFF
Register 108 (0x6C): MAC Address Register 4
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
MACA[15:8]
R/W
Description
Default
0xFF
Register 109 (0X6D): MAC Address Register 5
Bit
Name
R/W
7-0
MACA[7:0]
R/W
April 2005
Description
Default
0xFF
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Register 110 and 111
Use registers 110 and 111 to read or write data to the static MAC address table, VLAN table, dynamic address
table, or the MIB counters.
Register 110 (0x6E): Indirect Access Control 0
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-5
Reserved
R/W
Reserved
000
4
Read high
Write low
R/W
= 1, read cycle
0
3-2
Table select
R/W
00 = static MAC address table selected
= 0, write cycle
00
01 = VLAN table selected
10 = dynamic address table selected
11 = MIB counter selected
1-0
Indirect
address high
R/W
Bit 9-8 of indirect address
00
Register 111 (0x6F): Indirect Access Control 1
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Indirect
address low
R/W
Bit 7-0 of indirect address
0000_0000
Note: Write to register 111 will actually trigger a command. Read or write access is determined by Register 110 bit 4.
Register 112 (0x70): Indirect Data Register 8
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
68-64
Indirect data
R/W
Bit 68-64 of indirect data
0_0000
Register 113 (0x71): Indirect Data Register 7
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
63-56
Indirect data
R/W
Bit 63-56 of indirect data
0000_0000
Register 114 (0x72): Indirect Data Register 6
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
55-48
Indirect data
R/W
Bit 55-48 of indirect data
0000_0000
Register 115 (0x73): Indirect Data Register 5
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
47-40
Indirect data
R/W
Bit 47-40 of indirect data
0000_0000
Register 116 (0x74): Indirect Data Register 4
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
39-32
Indirect data
R/W
Bit 39-32 of indirect data
0000_0000
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Register 117 (0x75): Indirect Data Register 3
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
31-24
Indirect data
R/W
Bit of 31-24 of indirect data
0000_0000
Register 118 (0x76): Indirect Data Register 2
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
23-16
Indirect data
R/W
Bit 23-16 of indirect data
0000_0000
Register 119 (0x77): Indirect Data Register 1
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
15-8
Indirect data
R/W
Bit 15-8 of indirect data
0000_0000
Register 120 (0x78): Indirect Data Register 0
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
7-0
Indirect data
R/W
Bit 7-0 of indirect data
0000_0000
Registers 121 to 127
Registers 121 to 127 are Reserved.
Static MAC Address Table
The KS8993M has both a static and a dynamic MAC address table. When a destination address (DA) lookup is
requested, both tables are searched to make a packet forwarding decision. When a SA lookup is requested, only
the dynamic table is searched for aging, migration and learning purposes. The static DA lookup result will have
precedence over the dynamic DA lookup result. If there is a DA match in both tables, the result from the static
table will be used. The static table can be accessed and controlled by an external processor via the SMI, SPI and
I2C interfaces. The external processor performs all addition, modification and deletion of static table entries.
These entries in the static table will not be aged out by the KS8993M.
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
57-54
FID
R/W
Filter VLAN ID, representing one of the 16 active
VLANs
0000
53
Use FID
R/W
= 1, use (FID+MAC) to look up in static table
0
= 0, use MAC only to look up in static table
52
Override
R/W
= 1, override port setting “transmit enable=0” or
“receive enable=0” setting
0
= 0, no override
51
Valid
R/W
= 1, this entry is valid, the lookup result will be
used
0
= 0, this entry is not valid
Table 12. Format of Static MAC Table (8 Entries)
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Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
50-48
Forwarding
ports
R/W
These 3 bits control the forwarding port(s):
000
001, forward to port 1
010, forward to port 2
100, forward to port 3
011, forward to port 1 and port 2
110, forward to port 2 and port 3
101, forward to port 1 and port 3
111, broadcasting (excluding the
ingress port)
47-0
MAC address
R/W
48 bits MAC address
0x0000_0000_0000
Table 12. Format of Static MAC Table (8 Entries) (continued)
Examples:
1. Static Address Table Read (Read the 2nd Entry)
Write to reg. 110 with 0x10 (read static table selected)
Write to reg. 111 with 0x01 (trigger the read operation)
Then,
Read reg. 113 (57-56)
Read reg. 114 (55-48)
Read reg. 115 (47-40)
Read reg. 116 (39-32)
Read reg. 117 (31-24)
Read reg. 118 (23-16)
Read reg. 119 (15-8)
Read reg. 120 (7-0)
2. Static Address Table Write (Write the 8th Entry)
Write reg. 113 (57-56)
Write reg. 114 (55-48)
Write reg. 115 (47-40)
Write reg. 116 (39-32)
Write reg. 117 (31-24)
Write reg. 118 (23-16)
Write reg. 119 (15-8)
Write reg. 120 (7-0)
Write to reg. 110 with 0x00 (write static table selected)
Write to reg. 111 with 0x07 (trigger the write operation)
VLAN Table
VLAN table is used to do VLAN table lookup. If 802.1Q VLAN mode is enabled (Register 5, Bit 7 = 1), this table
will be used to retrieve the VLAN information that is associated with the ingress packet. This information includes
FID (filter ID), VID (VLAN ID), and VLAN membership as described in the following table.
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Bit
Name
R/W
19
Valid
R/W
Description
Default
= 1, the entry is valid
1
= 0, entry is invalid
18-16
Membership
R/W
Specify which ports are members of the VLAN. If
a DA lookup fails (no match in both static and
dynamic tables), then the packet associated with
this VLAN will be forwarded to ports specified in
this field. For example, 101 means port 3 and 1
are in this VLAN.
111
15-12
FID
R/W
Filter ID. KS8993M supports 16 active VLANs
represented by these four bit fields. FID is the
mapped ID. If 802.1Q VLAN is enabled, the
lookup will be based on FID+DA and FID+SA.
0x0
11-0
VID
R/W
IEEE 802.1Q 12 bits VLAN ID
0x001
Table 13. Format of Static VLAN Table (16 Entries)
If 802.1Q VLAN mode is enabled, KS8993M will assign a VID to every ingress packet. If the packet is untagged or
tagged with a null VID, the packet is assigned with the default port VID of the ingress port. If the packet is tagged
with non null VID, the VID in the tag will be used. The lookup process will start from the VLAN table lookup. If the
VID is not valid, the packet will be dropped and no address learning will take place. If the VID is valid, the FID is
retrieved. The FID+DA and FID+SA lookups are performed. The FID+DA lookup determines the forwarding ports.
If FID+DA fails, the packet will be broadcast to all the members (excluding the ingress port) of the VLAN. If
FID+SA fails, the FID+SA will be learned.
Examples:
1. VLAN Table Read (read the 3rd entry)
Write to reg. 110 with 0x14 (read VLAN table selected)
Write to reg. 111 with 0x02 (trigger the read operation)
Then
Read reg. 118 (VLAN table bits 19-16)
Read reg. 119 (VLAN table bits 15-8)
Read reg. 120 (VLAN table bits 7-0)
2. VLAN Table Write (write the 7th entry)
Write to reg. 118 (VLAN table bits 19-16)
Write to reg. 119 (VLAN table bits 15-8)
Write to reg. 120 (VLAN table bits 7-0)
Write to reg. 110 with 0x04 (write VLAN table selected)
Write to reg. 111 with 0x06 (trigger the write operation)
Dynamic MAC Address Table
This table is read only. The table contents are maintained by KS8993M only.
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
71
Data not ready
RO
= 1, entry is not ready, retry until this bit is set to
0
= 0, entry is ready
70-67
Reserved
RO
Reserved
Table 14. Format of Dynamic MAC Address Table (1K Entries)
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Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
66
MAC empty
RO
= 1, there is no valid entry in the table
1
65-56
No of valid
entries
RO
= 0, there are valid entries in the table
Indicates how many valid entries in the table
00_0000_0000
0x3ff means 1 K entries
0x001 means 2 entries
0x000 and bit 66 = 0 means 1 entry
0x000 and bit 66 = 1 means 0 entry
55-54
Time stamp
RO
2 bits counter for internal aging
53-52
Source port
RO
The source port where FID+MAC is learned
00
00, port 1
01, port 2
10, port 3
51-48
FID
RO
Filter ID
0x0
47-0
MAC address
RO
48 bits MAC address
0x0000_0000_0000
Table 14. Format of Dynamic MAC Address Table (1K Entries) (continued)
Example:
Dynamic MAC Address Table Read (read the 1st entry and retrieve the MAC table size)
Write to reg. 110 with 0x18 (read dynamic table selected)
Write to reg. 111 with 0x00 (trigger the read operation)
Then
Read reg. 112 (71-64) // if bit 71 = 1, restart (reread) from this register
Read reg. 113 (63-56)
Read reg. 114 (55-48)
Read reg. 115 (47-40)
Read reg. 116 (39-32)
Read reg. 117 (31-24)
Read reg. 118 (23-16)
Read reg. 119 (15-8)
Read reg. 120 (7-0)
MIB (Management Information Base) Counters
The KS8993M provides 34 MIB counters per port. These counters are used to monitor the port activity for network
management. The MIB counters have two format groups: “Per Port” and “All Port Dropped Packet.”
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
31
Reserve
RO
Reserve
0
30
Count valid
RO
= 1, counter value is valid
0
= 0, counter value is not valid
29-0
Counter values
RO
Counter value
0
Table 15. Format of “Per Port” MIB Counters
“Per Port” MIB counters are read using indirect memory access. The base address offsets and address ranges for
all three ports are:
Port 1, base is 0x00 and range is (0x00-0x1f)
Port 2, base is 0x20 and range is (0x20-0x3f)
Port 3, base is 0x40 and range is (0x40-0x5f)
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Port 1’s “Per Port” MIB Counters Indirect Memory Offsets are shown in the following table.
Offset
Counter Name
Description
0x0
RxLoPriorityByte
Rx lo-priority (default) octet count including bad packets
0x1
RxHiPriorityByte
Rx hi-priority octet count including bad packets
0x2
RxUndersizePkt
Rx undersize packets w/ good CRC
0x3
RxFragments
Rx fragment packets w/ bad CRC, symbol errors or alignment errors
0x4
RxOversize
Rx oversize packets w/ good CRC (max: 1536 or 1522 bytes)
0x5
RxJabbers
Rx packets longer than 1522 bytes w/ either CRC errors, alignment errors, or
symbol errors (depends on max packet size setting)
0x6
RxSymbolError
Rx packets w/ invalid data symbol and legal packet size.
0x7
RxCRCError
Rx packets within (64,1522) bytes w/ an integral number of bytes and a bad CRC
(upper limit depends on max packet size setting)
0x8
RxAlignmentError
Rx packets within (64,1522) bytes w/ a non-integral number of bytes and a bad
CRC (upper limit depends on max packet size setting)
0x9
RxControl8808Pkts
Number of MAC control frames received by a port with 88-08h in EtherType field
0xA
RxPausePkts
Number of PAUSE frames received by a port. PAUSE frame is qualified with
EtherType (88-08h), DA, control opcode (00-01), data length (64B min), and a valid
CRC
0xB
RxBroadcast
Rx good broadcast packets (not including error broadcast packets or valid multicast
packets)
0xC
RxMulticast
Rx good multicast packets (not including MAC control frames, error multicast
packets or valid broadcast packets)
0xD
RxUnicast
Rx good unicast packets
0xE
Rx64Octets
Total Rx packets (bad packets included) that were 64 octets in length
0xF
Rx65to127Octets
Total Rx packets (bad packets included) that are between 65 and 127 octets in
length
0x10
Rx128to255Octets
Total Rx packets (bad packets included) that are between 128 and 255 octets in
length
0x11
Rx256to511Octets
Total Rx packets (bad packets included) that are between 256 and 511 octets in
length
0x12
Rx512to1023Octets
Total Rx packets (bad packets included) that are between 512 and 1023 octets in
length
0x13
Rx1024to1522Octets
Total Rx packets (bad packets included) that are between 1024 and 1522 octets in
length (upper limit depends on max packet size setting)
0x14
TxLoPriorityByte
Tx lo-priority good octet count, including PAUSE packets
0x15
TxHiPriorityByte
Tx hi-priority good octet count, including PAUSE packets
0x16
TxLateCollision
The number of times a collision is detected later than 512 bit-times into the Tx of a
packet
0x17
TxPausePkts
Number of PAUSE frames transmitted by a port
0x18
TxBroadcastPkts
Tx good broadcast packets (not including error broadcast or valid multicast packets)
0x19
TxMulticastPkts
Tx good multicast packets (not including error multicast packets or valid broadcast
packets)
0x1A
TxUnicastPkts
Tx good unicast packets
Table 16. Port 1s “Per Port” MIB Counters Indirect Memory Offsets
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Offset
Counter Name
Description
0x1B
TxDeferred
Tx packets by a port for which the 1st Tx attempt is delayed due to the busy
medium
0x1C
TxTotalCollision
Tx total collision, half duplex only
0x1D
TxExcessiveCollision
A count of frames for which Tx fails due to excessive collisions
0x1E
TxSingleCollision
Successfully Tx frames on a port for which Tx is inhibited by exactly one collision
0x1F
TxMultipleCollision
Successfully Tx frames on a port for which Tx is inhibited by more than one collision
Table 17. Port 1’s “Per Port” MIB Counters Indirect Memory Offsets
Bit
Name
R/W
Description
Default
30-16
Reserved
N/A
Reserved
N/A
15-0
Counter values
RO
Counter value
0
Table 18. Format of “All Port Dropped Packet” MIB Counters
“All Port Dropped Packet” MIB counters are read using indirect memory access. The address offsets for these
counters are shown in the following table:
Offset
Counter Name
Description
0x100
Port1 TX Drop Packets
TX packets dropped due to lack of resources
0x101
Port2 TX Drop Packets
TX packets dropped due to lack of resources
0x102
Port3 TX Drop Packets
TX packets dropped due to lack of resources
0x103
Port1 RX Drop Packets
RX packets dropped due to lack of resources
0x104
Port2 RX Drop Packets
RX packets dropped due to lack of resources
0x105
Port3 RX Drop Packets
RX packets dropped due to lack of resources
Table 19. “All Port Dropped Packet” MIB Counters Indirect Memory Offsets
Examples:
1. MIB Counter Read (Read port 1 “Rx64Octets” Counter)
Write to reg. 110 with 0x1c (read MIB counters selected)
Write to reg. 111 with 0x0e (trigger the read operation)
Then
Read reg. 117 (counter value 30-24) // If bit 30 = 0, restart (reread) from this register
Read reg. 118 (counter value 23-16)
Read reg. 119 (counter value 15-8)
Read reg. 120 (counter value 7-0)
2. MIB Counter Read (Read Port 2 “Rx64Octets” Counter)
Write to reg. 110 with 0x1c (read MIB counter selected)
Write to reg. 111 with 0x2e (trigger the read operation)
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Then,
Read reg. 117 (counter value 30-24) // If bit 30 = 0, restart (reread) from this register
Read reg. 118 (counter value 23-16)
Read reg. 119 (counter value 15-8)
Read reg. 120 (counter value 7-0)
3. MIB Counter Read (Read “Port1 TX Drop Packets” Counter)
Write to reg. 110 with 0x1d (read MIB counter selected)
Write to reg. 111 with 0x00 (trigger the read operation)
Then
Read reg. 119 (counter value 15-8)
Read reg. 120 (counter value 7-0)
Additional Information
Both “Per Port” and “All Port Dropped Packet” MIB counters do not indicate overflow. The application must keep
track of overflow conditions for these counters.
“All Port Dropped Packet” MIB counters do not indicate if count is valid. The application must keep track of valid
conditions for these counters.
To read out all the counters, the best performance over the SPI bus is (160+3)*8*200 = 260ms, where there are
160 registers, 3 overheads, 8 clocks per access, at 5MHz. In the heaviest condition, the counters will overflow in 2
minutes. It is recommended that the software read all the counters at least every 30 seconds.
A high performance SPI master is also recommended to prevent counters overflow.
Per Port MIB counters are designed as “read clear.” That is, these counters will be cleared after they are read.
“All Port Dropped Packet” MIB counters are not cleared after they are read.
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Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)
Description
Pins
Value
Supply Storage
N/A
-55°C to 150°C
Supply Voltage
VDDA, VDDAP, VDDC
–0.5V to 2.4V
VDDATX, VDDARX, VDDIO
–0.5V to 4.0V
Input Voltage (all inputs)
All Inputs
–0.5V to 4.0V
Output Voltage (all outputs
All Outputs
–0.5V to 4.0V
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 sec)
N/A
Storage Temperature (Ts)
N/A
-55°C to 150°C
Note:
1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device.
Stresses greater than those listed in the table above may cause permanent damage to the device. Operation of
the device at these or any other conditions above those specified in the operating sections of this specification is
not implied. Maximum conditions for extended periods may affect reliability. Unused inputs must always be tied to
an appropriate logic voltage level.
Operating Ratings(1)
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Supply Voltages
VDDA,VDDAP,VDDC
1.710V
1.8V
1.890V
VDDATX,VDDARX, VDDIO
3.135V
3.3V
3.465V
Ambient Operating
Temperature
TA
Maximum Junction
Temperature
TJ
Thermal Resistance Junction to
(2)
Ambient
θJA
0°C
70°C
125°C
32°C/W
Notes:
1. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. Unused inputs must always be tied to an appropriate logic voltage
level (Ground to VDD).
2. No (HS) heat spreader in this package.
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Electrical Characteristics(1)
VIN = xx; RL =xx; TA = 25°C, bold values indicate –40°C< TA < +85°C; unless noted.
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Supply Current (including TX output driver current, KS8993M device only)
100BASE-TX Operation
(All Ports@100% Utilization)
100BASE-TX (analog core + PLL +
digital core)
100BASE-TX (transceiver + digital
I/O)
Iddc
VDDA, VDDAP, VDDC = 1.8V
0.10A
Iddxio
VDDATX, VDDARX, VDDIO = 3.3V
0.16A
10BASE-T Operation
(All Ports@100% Utilization)
10BASE-T
(analog core + PLL + digital core)
Iddc
VDDA, VDDAP, VDDC = 1.8V
0.07A
10BASE-T
(transceiver + digital I/O)
Iddxio
VDDATX, VDDARX, VDDIO = 3.3V
0.19A
TTL Inputs
Input High Voltage
V
Input Low Voltage
V
Input Current
Iin
Vin = GND ~ VDDIO
-10µA
Output High Voltage
Voh
Ioh = -8 mA
2.4V
Output Low Voltage
Vol
Iol = 8 mA
Output Tri-State Leakage
|Ioz|
2.0V
ih
0.8V
il
10µA
TTL Outputs
0.4V
10µA
100BASE-TX Transmit (measured differentially after 1:1 transformer)
Peak Differential Output Voltage
Vo
100Ω termination on the differential
output.
Output Voltage Imbalance
Vimb
100Ω termination on the differential
output
Rise/Fall Time
Tr/Tf
Rise/Fall Time Imbalance
0.95V
1.05V
2%
3ns
5ns
0ns
0.5ns
100BASE-TX Transmit (measured differentially after 1:1 transformer)
Duty Cycle Distortion
+ 0.5ns
Overshoot
5%
Reference Voltage of ISET
Output Jitters
0.5V
Vset
Peak-to-peak
0.7ns
1.4ns
Note:
1. Specification for packaged product only.
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)(1)
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Vsq
5MHz square wave
Min
Typ
Max
10BaseT Receive
Squelch Threshold
400mV
10BaseT Transmit (measured differentially after 1:1 transformer) VDDATX = 3.3V only
Peak Differential Output Voltage
Jitters Added
Vp
100Ω termination on the differential
output.
2.3V
100Ω termination on the differential
output.
+ 3.5ns
25ns
Rise/Fall Time
Note:
1. Specification for packaged product only.
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Timing Specifications
EEPROM Timing
Figure 13. EEPROM Interface Input Timing Diagram
Figure 14. EEPROM Interface Output Timing Diagram
Timing Parameter
Description
Min
Typ
Max
16384
Unit
tcyc1
Clock cycle
ts1
Setup time
20
ns
th1
Hold time
20
ns
tov1
Output valid
4096
4112
ns
4128
ns
Table 20. EEPROM Timing Parameters
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SNI Timing
Figure 15. SNI Input Timing Diagram
Figure 16. SNI Output Timing Diagram
Timing Parameter
Description
Min
Typ
Max
tcyc2
Clock cycle
ts2
Setup time
10
ns
th2
Hold time
0
ns
tov2
Output valid
0
100
3
Unit
ns
6
ns
Table 21. SNI Timing Parameters
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MII Timing
MAC Mode MII Timing
Figure 17. MAC-Mode MII Timing – Data Received from MII
Figure 18. MAC-Mode MII Timing – Data Input to MII
Timing Parameter
Description
Min
Typ
Max
tcyc3 (100BASE-T)
Clock cycle
100BASE-T
40
ns
tcyc3 (10BASE-T)
Clock cycle
10BASE-T
400
ns
ts3
Setup time
10
ns
th3
Hold time
10
ns
tov3
Output valid
0
25
Unit
ns
Table 22. MAC-Mode MII Timing Parameters
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PHY-Mode MII Timing
Figure 19. PHY-Mode MII Timing – Data Received from MII
Figure 20. PHY-Mode MII Timing – Data Input to MII
Timing Parameter
Description
Min
Typ
Max
tcyc4
(100BASE-T)
Clock cycle
100BASE-T
40
ns
tcyc4 (10BASE-T)
Clock cycle
10BASE-T
400
ns
ts4
Setup time
10
ns
th4
Hold time
10
ns
tov4
Output valid
0
25
Unit
ns
Table 23. PHY-Mode MII Timing Parameters
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SPI Timing
Input Timing
Figure 21. SPI Input Timing
Timing Parameter
Description
Min
Max
Units
fC
Clock frequency
5
MHz
tCHSL
SPIS_N inactive hold time
90
ns
tSLCH
SPIS_N active setup time
90
ns
tCHSH
SPIS_N active old time
90
ns
tSHCH
SPIS_N inactive setup time
90
ns
tSHSL
SPIS_N deselect time
100
ns
tDVCH
Data input setup time
20
ns
tCHDX
Data input hold time
30
ns
tCLCH
Clock rise time
1
us
tCHCL
Clock fall time
1
us
tDLDH
Data input rise time
1
us
tDHDL
Data input fall time
1
us
Table 24. SPI Input Timing Parameters
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Output Timing
Figure 22. SPI Output Timing
Timing Parameter
Description
Min
fC
Clock frequency
tCLQX
SPIQ hold time
tCLQV
Clock low to SPIQ valid
tCH
Clock high time
90
tCL
Clock low time
90
tQLQH
SPIQ rise time
50
ns
tQHQL
SPIQ fall time
50
ns
tSHQZ
SPIQ disable time
100
ns
0
Max
Units
5
MHz
0
ns
60
ns
ns
Table 25. SPI Output Timing Parameters
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Reset Timing
As long as the stable supply voltages to reset high timing (minimum of10ms) are met, there is no power
sequencing requirement for the KS8993M supply voltages (1.8V, 3.3).
It is recommended to wait 100µsec after the de-assertion of reset before starting programming on the managed
interface.
The reset timing requirement is summarized in the following figure and table.
Figure 23. Reset Timing
Parameter
tsr
Description
Stable supply voltages to reset high
Min
10
Max
Units
ms
tcs
Configuration setup time
50
ns
tch
Configuration hold time
50
ns
trc
Reset to strap-in pin output
50
us
Table 26. Reset Timing Parameters
Reset Circuit Diagram
Micrel recommends the following discrete reset circuit as shown in Figure 24 when powering up the
KS8893M/ML/MI device. For the application where the reset circuit signal comes from another device (e.g., CPU,
FPGA, etc), we recommend the reset circuit as shown in Figure 25.
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Figure 24. Recommended Reset Circuit
Figure 25. Recommended Circuit for Interfacing with CPU/FPGA Reset
At power-on-reset, R, C, and D1 provide the necessary ramp rise time to reset the Micrel device. The reset out
from CPU/FPGA provides warm reset after power up. It is also recommended to power up the VDD core voltage
earlier than VDDIO voltage. At worst case, the both VDD core and VDDIO voltages should come up at the same
time.
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Selection of Isolation Transformers
A 1:1 isolation transformer is required at the line interface. An isolation transformer with integrated common-mode
choke is recommended for exceeding FCC requirements.
The following table gives recommended transformer characteristics.
Parameter
Value
Test Condition
Turns ratio
1 CT : 1 CT
Open-circuit inductance (min.)
350µH
100mV, 100kHz, 8mA
Leakage inductance (max.)
0.4µH
1MHz (min.)
Inter-winding capacitance (max.)
12pF
D.C. resistance (max.)
0.9Ω
Insertion loss (max.)
1.0dB
HIPOT (min.)
1500Vrms
0MHz – 65MHz
Table 27. Transformer Selection Criteria
Magnetic Manufacturer
Part Number
Auto MDI-X
Number of Port
Bel Fuse
S558-5999-U7
Yes
1
Bel Fuse
SI-46001
Yes
1
Bel Fuse
SI-50170
Yes
1
Delta
LF8505
Yes
1
LanKom
LF-H41S
Yes
1
Pulse
H1102
Yes
1
Pulse (low cost)
H1260
Yes
1
Transpower
HB726
Yes
1
YCL
LF-H41S
Yes
1
Table 28. Qualified Single Port Magnetics
Selection of Reference Crystal
Chacteristics
Value
Units
Frequency
25.00000
MHz
Frequency tolerance (max)
±50
ppm
Load capacitance (max)
20
pF
Series resistance
25
Ω
Table 29. Typical Reference Crystal Characteristics
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Package Information
128-Pin PQFP Package
MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA
TEL: +1 (408) 944-0800
FAX: +1 (408) 474 1000
WEB: http:/www.micrel.com
The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel
for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer.
Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a
product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended
for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a
Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale.
© 2003 Micrel, Incorporated.
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