LM1253A Monolithic Triple 180 MHz I2C CRT Pre-amp With Integrated Analog On Screen Display (OSD) Generator General Description The LM1253A pre-amp is an integrated high voltage triple CRT pre-amp and Analog On Screen Display (OSD) generator. The IC is I2C controlled, and allows control of all the parameters necessary to setup and adjust the brightness and contrast in the CRT display. In addition, it provides a programmable period vertical blanking pulse which is used to blank the G1. The LM1253A pre-amp is designed to work in cooperation with the LM2453 driver, and provides a multiplexed video signal (VideoPlex) interface to enable the DC clamp levels at the cathode to be varied in order to set up the CRT bias and to allow individual adjustment for brightness. The Analog OSD has a selectable palette allowing a wide selection of colors. The preset level of the OSD can be controlled by I2C to suit different CRT displays. The OSD signal is internally mixed with the video signal, before the gain section, and thus gives excellent white tracking of the OSD with the white color point setting of the video. The Brightness settings are also mixed into the video signal before the gain matching controls and consequently give excellent white color point tracking with variations in the Brightness control. An active horizontal blanking signal is added to the video at the output, giving excellent smear performance, and preventing video content dependent DC bias offsets as a result of high frequency over shoot. The OSD horizontal sync and blanking signal is derived from a positive going flyback pulse. The digital section provides easy interfacing of this signal with the deflection circuits. The vertical blanking signal is taken from the vertical sync signal, and the blanking duration is programmable. This system is highly integrated and requires a minimal number of external components. Black level clamping of the signal is carried out directly on the AC coupled input signal into the high impedance preamplifier input, thus eliminating the need for additional black level clamp capacitors. © 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS101265 The outputs are referenced to a DC level produced by the LM1253A Pre-amp, and so are guaranteed to provide stable DC operating levels within the system without the need for additional external feedback components. The IC is packaged in an industry standard wide body 28lead DIL molded plastic package. Features n 190 two-color ROM based Character Fonts n 64 four-color ROM based Character Fonts n Supports a programmable page size with up to 512 characters and line definition codes n Support for 2 Display Windows (size of each window is configurable) n Programmable start position for each Display Window n Programmable Resolutions: from 512 to 960 pixels per line in 64 pixel increments n Programmable Character Height, with automatic height control with mode change n Programmable Row Spacing between each display character row n Maximum Pixel clock of 92.2 MHz n I2C compatible interface to controlling micro-controller n Button boxes n 180 MHz preamplifier with full video signal parametric control n VideoPlex™ interface to the LM2453 driver n OSD mixing with 64 out of 512 color mask programmable selection Intended Applications n 1280 x 1024 Displays up to 75 Hz requiring OSD capability www.national.com LM1253A Monolithic Triple 180 MHz I2C CRT Pre-amp With Integrated Analog On Screen Display (OSD) Generator May 2000 LM1253A Table of Contents List of Tables Block and Connection Diagrams 3 Table 1 Control Test Settings Absolute Maximum Ratings 5 Table 2 Registers Controlling the Output Operating Ratings 5 Electrical Characteristics Test Circuit Test Settings Pin Descriptions Input/Output Schematics National VideoPlex Video System ESD and Arc-Over Protection Pre-Amp Functional Description Horizontal Phase Locked Loop Fault Operation Power Save Mode Schematics PCB Layout OSD Generator Operation Micro-Controller Interface LM1253A Address Map Pre-Amp Interface Registers Two-Color Attribute Table Four-Color Attribute Table Display Page RAM Controller Register Definitions Character Font www.national.com Video and Clamp Signal 5 7 8 8 13 15 16 17 19 19 19 20 22 23 27 29 30 31 31 32 40 51 Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Character ROM Address Map Display Page RAM Address Map OSD Interface Registers Pre-Amp Interface Registers Two-Color Attribute Registers Four-Color Attribute Registers Example 1 I2C Transmission Table 10 Example 2 I2C Transmissions Table 11 Example 3 I2C Transmissions Table 12 PLL Setting (Register 843Eh) Table 13 Attribute Tables to I2C Address 2 7 18 29 29 30 31 31 31 35 36 39 46 48 LM1253A Block and Connection Diagrams DS101265-1 FIGURE 1. Block Diagram 3 www.national.com LM1253A Block and Connection Diagrams (Continued) 28-Lead (0.600’’ wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package DS101265-2 Order Number LM1253AN See NS Package Number N28B FIGURE 2. Connection Diagram www.national.com 4 Lead Temperature (Soldering, < 10 sec.) ESD Tolerance, Human Body Model Machine Model If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage, (VCC) Input Voltage, (VIN) Storage Temperature Range, (TSTG) TJMAX 300˚C 3 kV 300V Operating Ranges (Note 2) 6V 6V −65˚C to +150˚C 150˚C Temperature Range VCC 0˚C to +70˚C +4.75V to +5.25V Active Video Signal Electrical Characteristics (See Figure 3 for Test Circuit, and Table 1 for Control Test Settings Chart) Unless otherwise noted: VCC = +5V, VIN = 0.7V, CL = 8 pF, Video Signal Output = 1 VPP, TA = 25˚C, VABL = VCC. Symbol Parameter Conditions ICC1MAX Maximum Supply Current Test Setting 1, No Output Load VOUT BLK Active Video Black Level Minimum Output Voltage Test Setting 1, No AC Input Signal LE Linearity Error Test Setting 3, (Note 4), Triangular Step Signal Input VOUT WHITE Active Video White Level Max Output Voltage Test Setting 3, AC Input Signal tr Rise Time tf LM1253A Min Typ Max Units 245 mA VREF VDC 1 % 2.7 V Test Setting 3, (Note 5), 10% to 90%, AC Input Signal 3.0 ns Fall Time Test Setting 3, (Note 5), 90% to 10%, AC Input Signal 3.0 ns OSR Rising Edge Overshoot Test Setting 3, (Note 5), AC Input Signal 5 % OSF Falling Edge Overshoot Test Setting 3, (Note 5), AC Input Signal 5 % f(−3dB) Video Amplifier Bandwidth Measured in AC2DC002 Demo Board. LM1253A set for 40 VPP swing at LM2453 output 180 MHz 20 dB ACONTRAST Contrast Max-Min Adjustment Range Test Setting 2, AC Input Signal AGAIN Gain Max-Min Adjustment Range Test Setting 2, AC Input Signal 10 dB AMAX Max Signal Voltage Gain Test Setting 2, AC Input Signal 1.8 V/V VABL TH Auto Beam Limit Control Upper Limit Test Setting 3, (Note 6), AC Input Signal 4.5 V VABL RANGE Auto Beam Limit Control Voltage Range Test Setting 3, (Note 6), AC Input Signal 3 V ∆AABL Auto Beam Limit Control Range Test Setting 3, (Note 6), AC Input Signal IABL MAX Auto Beam Limit Input Current Sink Capability Test Setting 3, (Note 6), AC Input Signal CIP Input AC Coupling Capacitor Test Setting 3 VREF Typical VREF Output Voltage XT Channel to Channel Crosstalk −10 1 4.7 1.55 10 MHz 5 dB 1.65 40 mA nF 1.75 V dB www.national.com LM1253A Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 3) LM1253A Brightness/Bias Signal Electrical Characteristics (See Figure 3 for Test Circuit, and Table 1 for Control Test Settings Chart) Unless otherwise noted: VCC = +5V, VIN = 0.7V, CL = 8 pF, Video Signal Output = 1 VPP, TA = 25˚C, VABL = VCC. Symbol VBLANK MAX Parameter Maximum Blanking Level Conditions LM1253A Min Test Setting 1 Typ Max VREF − 0.90 Units V VBLANK MIN Minimum Blanking Level Test Setting 4 VREF V tBLK r Blanking Rise Time Test Setting 1, 10% to 90%, 10 ns tBLK f Blanking Fall Time Test Setting 1, 90% to 10%, 10 ns OSBLK MAX Maximum Rise or Fall Edge Overshoot Test Setting 1, 10% to 90% or 90% to 10%, Settling Time Must be Less Than 50 ns 20 % OSD Electrical Characteristics (See Figure 3 for Test Circuit) Unless otherwise noted: VCC = +5V, VIN = 0.7V, CL = 8 pF, Video Signal Output = 1 VPP, TA = 25˚C, VABL = VCC. Symbol VOSDHIGH MAX VOSDHIGH 10 VOSDHIGH 01 VOSDHIGH 00 Parameter Conditions LM1253A Min Typ Max Units Maximum OSD Level with OSD Contrast 11 Palette Set at 111. OSD Contrast Level 11, Test Setting 3 VREF + 0.95 V Maximum OSD Level with OSD Contrast 10 Palette Set at 111. OSD Contrast Level 10, Test Setting 3 VREF + 0.77 V Maximum OSD Level with OSD Contrast 01 Palette Set at 111. OSD Contrast Level 01, Test Setting 3 VREF + 0.59 V Maximum OSD Level with OSD Contrast 00 Palette Set at 111. OSD Contrast Level 00, Test Setting 3 VREF + 0.41 V External Interface Signals Electrical Characteristics (See Figure 3 for Test Circuit) Unless otherwise noted: VCC = +5V, VIN = 0.7V, CL = 8 pF, Video Signal Output = 1 VPP, TA = 25˚C, VABL = VCC. Symbol IIN−MAX VHBLANK TRIG Parameter Conditions Maximum normal forward scan current at lowest horizontal frequency that input can withstand Maximum flyback scan current at 125 kHz that input can withstand 100V H Flyback Signal through a 100 kΩ Resistor Max tmin hflb Minimum Flyback Width 1 Horizontal Period 20 tPW CLAMP Minimum Clamp Pulse Width 200 VCLAMP L MAX Maximum Low Level Clamp Pulse Voltage VCLAMP H MIN Minimum High Level Clamp Pulse Voltage VVBLANK HIGH Minimum High Level of Vertical Blank Output VVREF VVBLANK LOW Maximum Low Level of Vertical Blank Output IVBLANK V 1.5 mA 125 kHz µs ns 1 6 BLANK OUT < 0.75V = 100 µA Units µA 0.8 tH www.national.com Typ −150 Voltage on H Flyback (Pin 14) which will Trigger an HBLANK Signal IIN+MAX LM1253A Min V 3 V VREF +1 V VREF −1 V LM1253A External Interface Signals Electrical Characteristics (Continued) (See Figure 3 for Test Circuit) Unless otherwise noted: VCC = +5V, VIN = 0.7V, CL = 8 pF, Video Signal Output = 1 VPP, TA = 25˚C, VABL = VCC. Symbol Parameter Conditions VCCDET VCC Undervoltage Detection Threshold FFREE_RUN Free Run HBLANK Frequency VIL Low Level Input Voltage for SDA and SCL Pins VIH High Level Input Voltage for SDA and SCL Pins VOL Low Level Output Voltage for SDA and SCL Pins LM1253A Min Typ Max 3.9 30 V 60 kHz 1.5 V 3 3 mA Sink Current 0 Units V 0.4 V Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Note 2: Operating Ranges indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may change when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 3: All voltages are measured with respect to GND, unless otherwise specified. Note 4: Linearity Error = 100*(stepmax–stepmin)/stepave Where: The input signal is a 16 step staircase signal waveform with 0.7 VP-P level, subdivided into 16 equal steps, with each step approximately 100 ns in width stepmax is the maximum voltage step at the output stepmin is the minimum voltage step at the output stepave is the average voltage of the 16 steps at the output. Note 5: Input from signal generator: tr, tf < 1 ns. Note 6: ABL should provide smooth decrease in gain over the operational range of 0 dB to −5 dB ∆AABL = A(VABL = VABL MAX GAIN)–A (VABL = VABL MIN GAIN) Test Circuit DS101265-3 Note: 8 pF load includes parasitic capacitance FIGURE 3. Test Circuit 7 www.national.com LM1253A Test Settings TABLE 1. Control Test Settings No. of Bits Basic Test Setting 1 Basic Test Setting 2 Basic Test Setting 3 Basic Test Setting 4 Contrast 7 Max (Hex 7F) Max (Hex 7F) Max (Hex 7F) Max (Hex 7F) R,G,B Gain 7 Max (Hex 7F) Max (Hex 7F) Set for 1 VP-P on all Channels Max (Hex 7F) Brightness 8 Max (Hex FF) Max (Hex FF) Min (Hex 00) Min (Hex 00) R,G,B Bias 8 Max (Hex FF) Max (Hex FF) Min (Hex 00) Min (Hex 00) DC Offset 3 Min (Hex 07) Max (Hex 00) Min (Hex 07) Min (Hex 07) Pedestal Offset 3 Max (Hex 07) Max (Hex 07) Min (Hex 00) Min (Hex 00) Control Pin Descriptions Pin 1 — REXT VREF A 10 kΩ 1% resistor is connected to this pin to set up the internal current sources. The LM1253A is optimized for this value of resistor. A DC voltage only will be on this pin. Decreasing the value of this resistor will increase supply current while degrading performance; increasing the value of the resistor will decrease supply current and also degrade the performance. Do not place the resistor close to sources of heat such as the CRT driver. Figure 29 shows the components connected to pin 1, Figure 11 shows the internal schematic of pin 1. Pin 2 — V Blank Out This pin supplies a variable width, negative going pulse at the vertical rate to the CRT Driver. V Blank is triggered from the signal on pin 15, which comes from the vertical flyback. The CRT Driver supplies the pull up for this pin. The width of this pulse is set by the value in the VBLANKDUR register (8403h). Figures 4, 5, 6 show the resulting V Blank Out pulse with various values in register 8403h. The trace connecting pin 2 of the LM1253A to the LM2453 must be kept away from the output circuitry of the LM2453. Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 2, Figure 12 shows the internal schematic of pin 2. DS101265-8 FIGURE 5. V Blank = 63 DS101265-9 FIGURE 6. V Blank = 127 Pin 3 — VREF Cap A 0.1 µF capacitor is placed close to this pin to decouple VREF. VREF is used by the three video channel circuits to make the VideoPlex signal. Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 3, Figure 13 shows the internal schematic of pin 3. Pin 4, 5, 6 — Blue, Red, and Green Video In The red, blue, and green video signal is AC coupled into these pins. The value of the capacitors is very important as they also serve DS101265-7 FIGURE 4. V Blank = 10 www.national.com 8 An example layout is shown in Figure 31, Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 11, Figure 15 shows the internal schematic. (Continued) as the DC clamp control capacitors. A value of 0.0047 µF is used in the demo boards. The schematic shown in Figure 29 which has a series resistance of 33Ω and clamp diodes to VCC and ground should be used to protect the LM1253A from ESD. A good ground should be between the input connector and the LM1253A. The video traces should be kept short. Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pins 4, 5, and 6, Figure 14 shows the internal schematic of pins 4, 5, and 6. Pin 7 — Analog Ground Ground for the video section of the LM1253A. All ground pins of the LM1253A should be connected together by a ground plane under the LM1253A. See Figure 31, which shows a sample layout. Pin 8 — Analog Supply 5V supply for the video section of the preamp. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be connected between pin 7 and pin 8, as close as possible to the LM1253A. A 100 µF capacitor should also be connected between pin 7 and pin 8. Pin 9 — Analog Supply 5V supply for the PLL section of the LM1253A. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be connected between pin 9 and pin 7, as close as possible to the LM1253A. Pin 10 — PLL Ground Ground for the PLL section of the LM1253A. Only the PLL components connected to pin 11 should be connected to this ground pin. Pin 10 should also be connected to the ground plane under the LM1253A. All ground pins of the LM1253A should be connected together by a ground plane under the LM1253A. See Figure 31, which shows a sample layout. Pin 11 — PLL C A resistor capacitor network is connected to this pin. It is used to convert the charge current of the charge pump of the PLL into a voltage that is used to control the variable oscillator. These components should be located very close to the LM1253A with a short ground trace to pin 10. The recommended values are R28 = 6.2 kΩ, C23 = 0.1 µF, and C33 = 2.2 nF. When these component values are used the range and gain values in Table 12 can be loaded into register 843Eh. Pin 12 — ABL The Auto Beam Limit control reduces the gain of the video amplifiers in response to a control voltage proportional to the CRT beam current. The ABL acts on all three channels in an identical manner. This is required for CRT life and X-ray protection. The beam current limit circuit application is as shown in Figure 7: when no current is being drawn by the EHT supply, current flows from the supply rail through the ABL resistor and into the ABL input of the IC. The IC clamps the input voltage to a low impedance voltage source (the 5V supply rail). When current is drawn from the EHT supply, the current passes through the ABL resistor, and reduces the current flowing into the ABL input of the IC. When the EHT current is high enough, the current flowing into the ABL input of the IC drops to zero. This current level determines the ABL threshold and is given by: Where: VS is the external supply (usually the CRT driver supply rail, about 80V) VABL TH is the threshold ABL voltage of the IC RABL is the ABL resistor value IABL is the ABL limit When the voltage on the ABL input drops below the ABL threshold of the pre-amp, the gain of the pre-amp decreases, which is shown in Figure 8, which reduces the beam current. A feedback loop is thus established which acts to prevent the average beam current exceeding IABL. Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 12, Figure 16 shows the internal schematic. DS101265-12 FIGURE 7. ABL 9 www.national.com LM1253A Pin Descriptions LM1253A Pin Descriptions (Continued) DS101265-70 FIGURE 8. Effect of ABL Voltage on VOUT Pin 13 — Clamp A positive going clamp signal is input on this pin. Using this signal black level clamping of the video is carried out directly on the input video that is AC coupled into the high impedance preamplifier input, thus eliminating the need for additional black level clamp capacitors. Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 13, Figure 17 shows the internal schematic. An optional capacitor to ground may be needed if noise interferes with the clamp signal. www.national.com Pin 14 — H Flyback H Flyback is an analog signal input from the monitor horizontal scan. HBLANK is a digital signal derived from the horizontal flyback pulse as shown in Figure 9. An optional capacitor and/or resistor to ground may be needed if noise interferes with the H Flyback signal. The horizontal flyback from the monitor must be a clean signal. There should be no ringing or other noise on the flyback. 10 LM1253A Pin Descriptions (Continued) DS101265-13 FIGURE 9. H Flyback Input Pulse RLIMITH is set to limit the input current into the IC to a maximum value of +1 mA during flyback and −150 µA during normal forward scan. For example if an h flyback with a peak of 100V is used, RLIMITH = 100 kΩ.The internal input impedance of pin 14 is low to limit the maximum voltage swing at the input to within the supply rail and ground. The IC interface circuit creates a digital signal from this waveform, which is used as the blanking signal, and termed HBLANK. This signal is used by the video amplifier for blanking the video and by the OSD generator as the horizontal sync reference for the PLL. Loss of the horizontal flyback pulse implies that the monitor is not scanning, and therefore no image is being displayed. The HBLANK pulse is still required by the LM2453 CRT driver in order to maintain correct bias conditions in the CRT until the power supplies are switched off, but video will be set at black level to prevent front of screen problems, using the NO_VID line. See also the Loss of Horizontal Flyback section. vent the positive and negative excursions of the signal causing excessive current or voltage swing at the input to the IC. See Figure 10. RLIMITV is set to limit the maximum input voltage swing into the IC to less than the supply rails. The input to the IC is positive edge triggered, and ignores the falling edge. Because of horizontal rate noise on the waveform, the input buffer incorporates hysteresis, triggering at a positive going threshold of VVTH+ and a negative going threshold of VVTH. The input buffer produces a digital signal VSTART which is used to start the VBLANK timer. The positive rising edge of VSTART sets a counter timer, which counts horizontal periods using the HBLANK signal. The timer resets VBLANK when it reaches the value preset in the register VCOUNT (set by the micro-controller over I2C). While the output VBLANK is active, an AND function prevents any further transitions on the VSTART waveform from retriggering the counter. The positive edge of the VSTART signal is initially transmitted through to VBLANK through an OR function, as the timer may take up to one horizontal line period to begin timing the duration of the pulse. The application must ensure that the Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 14, Figure 18 shows the internal schematic. Pin 15 — V Flyback This is an analog signal from the monitor vertical scan. The analog waveform is AC coupled and fed to the input of the IC via a current limiting resistor to pre11 www.national.com LM1253A Pin Descriptions VBLANK pulses are still required by the LM2453 CRT driver in order to maintain correct bias conditions in the CRT until the power supplies are switched off, but video will be set at black level to prevent front of screen problems, using the NO_VID line. See also the Loss of Vertical Flyback Pulse section. Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 15, Figure 19 shows the internal schematic. (Continued) VFLYBACK vertical flyback pulse is kept high during that initial period to prevent the output VBLANK from switching between high and low states. Loss of vertical flyback pulse implies that the monitor is not scanning, and therefore no image is being displayed. The DS101265-5 FIGURE 10. Vertical Flyback Input Pulse Pin 16 — SDA The I2C data line. A pull up resistor of about 2 kΩ should be connected between this pin and +5V. A 300Ω resistor should be connected in series with the data line to protect the IC against arcing. Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 16, Figure 20 shows the internal schematic. Pin 17 — SCL The I2C clock line. A pull up resistor of about 2 kΩ should be connected between this pin and +5V. A 300Ω resistor should be connected in series with the clock line to protect the IC against arcing. Figure 29 shows the external schematic of pin 17, Figure 20 shows the internal schematic. www.national.com Pin 18 — Digital Ground Ground for the OSD section of the LM1253A. All ground pins of the LM1253A should be connected together by a ground plane under the LM1253A. See Figure 31, which shows a sample layout. Pin 19 — Digital Supply 5V supply for the OSD section of the LM1253A. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be connected between pin 18 and pin 19, as close as possible to the LM1253A. 12 LM1253A Pin Descriptions Input/Output Schematics (Continued) Pin 20 — Digital Supply 5V supply for the OSD section of the LM1253A. Pins 19 and 20 should be tied together under normal operating conditions. Pin 21 — Analog Supply 5V supply for the video section of the preamp. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be connected between pin 21 and pin 22, as close as possible to the LM1253A. Pin 22 — Analog Ground Ground for the video section of the LM1253A. All ground pins of the LM1253A should be connected together by a ground plane under the LM1253A. See Figure 31, which shows a sample layout. Pin 23, 24, and 25 — Green, Red, and Blue Video Out These pins output the red, green, and blue video information in the VideoPlex format. These pins are connected to the LM2453 using as short of traces as possible. An inductor should be in series with the trace between the preamp and CRT driver. The value of this inductor depends on the board layout. Figures 29, 30 show the external schematic of pins 23, 24, and 25, Figure 21 shows the internal schematic. Pin 26 — VREF Out The voltage that the VideoPlex signal is referenced to is output on this pin. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be connected between this pin and ground and be located close to the LM1253A. This pin is connected to the VREF pin of the LM2453. A 0.1 µF capacitor also needs to be connected very close to the LM2453. A 100 µF capacitor should also be connected to this trace. Figures 29, 30 show the external schematic of pin 26, Figure 22 shows the internal schematic. Pin 27 — Analog Ground Ground for the band gap reference section of the LM1253A. All ground pins of the LM1253A should be connected together by a ground plane under the LM1253A. See Figure 31, which shows a sample layout. Pin 28 — Analog Supply 5V supply for the band gap reference section of the preamp. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be connected between pin 27 and pin 28, as close as possible to the LM1253A. See Figure 31, which shows a sample layout. DS101265-14 FIGURE 11. Pin 1 (REXT VREF) DS101265-15 FIGURE 12. Pin 2 (V Blank Out) DS101265-16 FIGURE 13. Pin 3 (VREF Cap) 13 www.national.com LM1253A Input/Output Schematics (Continued) DS101265-20 DS101265-17 FIGURE 17. Pin 13 (Clamp) FIGURE 14. Pins 4, 5, and 6 (Video In) DS101265-21 FIGURE 18. Pin 14 (H Flyback) DS101265-18 FIGURE 15. Pin 11 (PLL C) DS101265-22 FIGURE 19. Pin 15 (V Flyback) DS101265-23 FIGURE 20. Pins 16 and 17 (SDA and SCL) DS101265-19 FIGURE 16. Pin 12 (ABL) www.national.com 14 LM1253A Input/Output Schematics (Continued) DS101265-24 FIGURE 21. Pins 23, 24, and 25 (Video Out) DS101265-25 FIGURE 22. Pin 26 VREF Out National VideoPlex Video System The LM1253A CRT Pre-Amp in conjunction with the LM2453 CRT driver uses the National VideoPlex multiplexed video signal to send the video signal and DC clamp level from the pre-amp to the CRT driver. The basic signal scheme is shown in Figure 23. DS101265-26 FIGURE 23. National VideoPlex Video Signal (Pre-Amp Output) The response of the LM2453 CRT driver to the VideoPlex signal from the LM1253A Pre-Amp is shown in Figure 24. Note that there are two sections in the video signal; the video information is above VREF and the clamp information is be- low VREF. The signals on the video out and clamp pins of the LM2453 for an arbitrary video waveform from the LM1253A is shown in Figure 25. 15 www.national.com LM1253A National VideoPlex Video System (Continued) DS101265-27 FIGURE 24. DC I/O Transfer Characteristics for the LM2453 CRT Driver (Test Conditions: VREF = 1.65V, VCC1 = 80V, VBB = 8V) DS101265-28 FIGURE 25. LM2453 Input and Output Waveforms capacitors, must have short returns to the ground pins. A significant ground plane should be used to connect all the LM1253A grounds. Figure 31, which shows the demo board layout, is an excellent example of an effective ground plane. The list below should be followed to ensure a PCB with good grounding: ESD and Arc-Over Protection The LM1253A incorporates full ESD protection with special consideration given to maximizing arc-over robustness. The monitor designer must still use good circuit design and PCB layout techniques. The human body model ESD susceptibility of the LM1253A is 2 kV, however many monitor manufacturers are now testing their monitors to the level 4 of the IEC 801-2 specification which requires the monitor to survive an 8 kV discharge. External ESD protection is needed to survive this level of ESD. The LM1253A provides excellent protection against both ESD and arc-over, but this is not a substitute for good PCB layout. Figure 26 show the recommended input protection for the LM1253A. This provides the best protection against ESD. When this protection is combined with good PCB layout the LM1253A will easily survive the IEC 801-2 level 4 testing (8 kV ESD). It is strongly recommended that the protection diodes be added as shown in Figure 26. The 1N4148 diode has a maximum capacitance of 4 pF which will have little effect on the response of the video system due to the low impedance of the input video. The ESD cells of the LM1253A also provide good protection against arc-over, however good PCB layout is necessary. The LM1253A should not be exposed directly to the voltages that may occur during arc-over. The main vulnerability of the LM1253A to arc-over is though the ground traces on the PCB. For proper protection all ground connections associated with the LM1253A, including the grounds to the bypass www.national.com • All grounds associated with the LM1253A should be connected together through a large ground plane. • CRT driver ground is connected to the video pre-amp ground at one point. • CRT and arc protection grounds are connected directly to the chassis or main ground. There is no arc-over current flow from these grounds through the LM1253A grounds. • Input signal traces for SDA, SCL, H Flyback, V Flyback, Clamp should be kept away from the LM2453 and all traces that an arc can travel on. • Output signal traces of the LM1253A (video, VBLANK, VREF) should be kept away from traces that carry the output signals of the LM2453. If any one of the above suggestions is not followed the LM1253A may become more vulnerable to arc-over. Improper grounding is by far the most common cause of a video pre-amp failure during arc-over. 16 Pre-Amp Functional Description (Continued) Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the LM1253A. The video signal is input to the LM1253A through the circuit shown in Figure 26. Black level clamping is carried out directly on the AC coupled input signal at the input of the high impedance buffer amplifier, thus eliminating the need for black level clamp capacitors. The following sections then modify the input video signal: • Contrast Attenuator — Sets the contrast level of the video signal for all three channels. • Auto Beam Limit — Reduces the gain of all three video amplifiers in response to a control voltage proportional to the CRT beam current. • Gain Attenuator — Separately sets the gain for each video channel. • Brightness — Sets the brightness for all three channels. • Bias — Adds an offset to the brightness controls for all three video channels. • Pedestal — Adds a dc voltage offset to the brightness control, in order that bi-directional control of the brightness control is always possible at all bias voltage settings. • Source Select — Switches between the input video signal and the analog OSD signal generated by the 3 bit pallet DAC control block. • DC Offset — Adds a dc voltage offset to all three video outputs. The above sections use the registers shown in Table 2. Figure 28 shows which section of the output video and clamp signal each register controls. DS101265-29 FIGURE 26. Recommended Video Input ESD Protection The I2C specification recommends that the SDA and SCL pins should be protected from arc-over. This is done by adding a resistor in series with each pin. Figure 27 shows how the resistors are connected to the SDA and SCL lines. DS101265-30 FIGURE 27. Recommended Arc-Over Protection for SDA and SCL Pins 17 www.national.com LM1253A ESD and Arc-Over Protection LM1253A Pre-Amp Functional Description (Continued) TABLE 2. Registers Controlling the Output Video and Clamp Signal Address Size BGAIN Parameter 8430h 7 Bit Blue Channel Gain Description Default 60h GGAIN 8431h 7 Bit Green Channel Gain 60h RGAIN 8432h 7 Bit Red Channel Gain 60h CONTRAST 8433h 7 Bit Overall Gain of All Three Channels 60h BBIAS 8434h 8 Bit Blue Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude 80h GBIAS 8435h 8 Bit Green Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude 80h RBIAS 8436h 8 Bit Red Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude 80h BRIGHTNESS 8437h 8 Bit Amplitude of Brightness Clamp Pulse of All 3 Channels 80h PEDESTAL 8438h Bits 7–5 3 Bit Offset to the Brightness Control 4h OSD CONTRAST 8438h Bits 4–3 2 Bit OSD Gain 2h DC OFFSET 8438h Bits 2–0 3 Bit Active Video DC Offset of All 3 Channels 4h DS101265-31 FIGURE 28. Register Control of the Output Video and Clamp Signal The outputs are referenced to a DC level (VREF) produced by the LM1253A preamp, and so are guaranteed to provide stable DC operating levels within the system without the need for additional external feedback components. An active horizontal blanking signal is added to the video at the output, giving excellent smear performance, and preventing video content dependent DC bias offsets as a result of high frequency over shoot. www.national.com 18 Loss of Horizontal Flyback Loss of horizontal flyback pulse implies that the monitor is not scanning, and therefore no image is being displayed. The HBLANK pulse is still required by the LM2453 CRT driver in order to maintain correct bias conditions in the CRT until the power supplies are switched off, but video is set at black level. (Continued) Active Video Transfer Characteristic Gain, contrast, and DC Offset control the amplitude of the active video. The Contrast Control range is 20 dB (10X) and the Gain Control range is 10 dB (3.2X). The DC offset can vary the active video output level by about 470 mV in total, allowing a total range of adjustment of about 24V in seven 3.4V steps at the output of a typical LM2453 CRT driver. In the absence of an externally supplied horizontal flyback pulse, the PLL will free run and generate its own HBLANK pulse. The PLL free run pulse will be gated into the HBLANK line to the pre-amp to allow normal operation of the pre-amp and driver biasing. OSD Transfer Characteristic Gain, DC Offset, and OSD Contrast control the amplitude of the OSD signal. The OSD is not affected by the Brightness control, but is proportional to the Gain control, with a gain control range of 10 dB (3.2X). The DC offset will affect the OSD output level by 470 mV in total. The OSD Contrast will change the amplitude of the OSD output level by 610 mV in total. VCC Detect The VCC power supply will be continuously monitored by the LM1253A. Should the VCC supply drop to less than VCCDET then the video signal will be set to VREF. The device will continue to operate down to VCCDET, although some parameters may fall outside of specification when the supply drops below VCCMIN. Brightness/Bias Transfer Characteristic Bias, Brightness, Gain, and Pedestal control the amplitude of the brightness/bias (clamp) portion of the signal. The bias control range sets the brightness/bias pulse between 0.12V and 0.55V below the value of VREF during blanking. The bias voltage is unaffected by changes in the other controls. The brightness control is bi-directional and adds or subtracts an additional amount of between –0.2V and +0.2V to the brightness/bias pulse during blanking, when gain is set to maximum. If gain is reduced, the brightness output voltage is reduced in proportion to allow gain tracking of the brightness control. The Pedestal controls the offset to the brightness control, in order that bi-directional operation of the brightness control is always possible at all bias voltage settings. Power Save Mode Procedure To Put The LM1253A Into Power Save Mode or Power Off Blanking If the monitor has a power save mode the following procedure should be used to put the LM1253A into power save mode. This should be used for both power save modes initiated from the video card and power save modes initiated by a user on the front panel of the monitor. 1. Set Bias and Brightness registers (8434h – 8437h) to 0. 2. Set the LM1253A to blank video by setting register 8439h to 01h. 3. Turn off the 8V and 80V supply to the LM2453. 4. Set the LM1253A to power save by setting register 8439h to 02h. Auto Beam Limit Control The Auto Beam Limit control reduces the gain of the video amplifier in response to a control voltage proportional to the CRT beam current. It is not recommended that this input be used as an analog contrast control. Horizontal Phase Locked Loop A phase locked oscillator produces a pixel clock for the OSD generator. This oscillator takes the HBLANK signal as the sync signal. A programmable divider sets the divide ratio and thus the number of pixels on a horizontal line. Fault Operation Loss of Vertical Flyback Pulse Loss of vertical flyback pulse implies that the monitor is not scanning, and therefore no image is being displayed. The VBLANK pulses are still required by the LM2453 CRT driver in order to maintain correct bias conditions in the CRT until the power supplies are switched off, but video is set at black level. Note also that interlace mode is supported by the LM1253A. In interlace mode, a frame is composed of two sequential fields. In the first field, the odd lines are displayed. In the second field the even lines are displayed. A complete frame consists of an odd number of horizontal lines, so that each field contains a half line. This will result in an alternate half line phase difference between each field of the VFLYBACK pulse with respect to the HBLANK pulse. 19 www.national.com LM1253A Pre-Amp Functional Description LM1253A Schematics DS101265-34 FIGURE 29. LM1253A/LM2453 Demo Board Schematic www.national.com 20 LM1253A Schematics (Continued) DS101265-69 FIGURE 30. LM1253A/LM2453 Demo Board Schematic (continued) 21 www.national.com LM1253A PCB Layout DS101265-35 FIGURE 31. LM1253A/LM2453 Demo Board Layout www.national.com 22 LM1253A OSD Generator Operation Page Operation The block diagram of the OSD generator is shown Figure 32. DS101265-36 FIGURE 32. Block Diagram of the OSD Generator Video information is created using any of the 256 predefined characters stored in the mask programmed ROM. Each character has a unique 8 bit code that is used as its address. Consecutive rows of characters make up the displayed window. These characters can be stored in the page RAM, written under I2C controlled commands by the monitor micro-controller. Each row can contain any number of characters up to the limit of the displayable line length, although some restrictions concerning the enhanced features apply on character rows longer than 32 characters The number of characters across the width and height of the page can be varied under I2C control, but the total number of characters that can be stored and displayed on the screen is limited to 512 including any row end, skip line, and window end control characters. The horizontal and vertical start position can also be programmed under I2C control. OSD Video DAC The OSD DAC is controlled by the 9 bit (3x9 bits) OSD video information coming from the pixel serializer look-up table. The OSD DAC is shown in the Figure 33, where the gain is programmable by the 2 bit OSD CONTRAST register, in 4 stages to give the required OSD signal. The analog signal created by the OSD DACs is biased with respect to VREF. DS101265-37 FIGURE 33. Block Diagram of OSD DACs 23 www.national.com LM1253A OSD Generator Operation (Continued) 1. Two-color: There are 190 two-color characters. Each pixel of these characters is defined by a single bit value. If the bit value is 0, then the color is defined as ‘Color 1’ or the ‘background’ color. If the bit value is 1, then the color is defined as ‘Color 2’, or the ‘foreground’ color. An example of a character is shown in Figure 34. 2. Four-color: There are 64 four-color characters stored in the character ROM. Each pixel of the four-color character is defined by two bits of information, and thus can define four different colors, Color 1, Color 2, Color 3, and Color 4. Color 1 is defined as the ‘background’ color. All other colors are considered ‘foreground’ colors, although for most purposes, any of the four colors may be used in any way. Because each four-color character has two bits, the LM1253A internally has a matrix of two planes of ROM as shown in Figure 35. OSD Video Timing The OSD SELECT signal switches the source of video information within the preamplifier from external video to the internally generated OSD video. Windows Two separate windows can be opened, utilizing the data stored in the page RAM. Each window has its own horizontal and vertical start position, although the second window should be horizontally spaced at least two character spaces away from the first window, and should never overlap the first window when both windows are on. The OSD window must be placed within the active video. Character Cell Each character is defined as a 12 wide by 18 high matrix of picture elements, or ‘pixels’. The character font is shown in Figures 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50. There are two types of characters defined in the character ROM: 12 columns COLOR 1 18 rows COLOR 2 DS101265-38 FIGURE 34. A Two-Color Character Plane 1 + Plane 2 = Composite DS101265-39 FIGURE 35. A Four-Color Character www.national.com 24 1. Button Boxes — The OSD generator examines the character string being displayed and if the ‘button box’ attributes have been set in the Enhanced feature byte, then a box creator selectively substitutes the character pixels in either or both the top and right most pixel line or column with a button box pixel. The shade of the button box pixel depends upon whether a ‘depressed’ or ‘raised’ box is required, and can be programmed by I2C.The raised pixel color (‘highlight’) is defined by the value in the color palette register, EF1 (normally white). The depressed pixel (‘lowlight’) color by the value in the color palette register EF2 (normally gray). See Figure 36. 2. Heavy Button Boxes — When heavy button boxes are selected, the color palette value stored in register EF3 is used for the depressed (‘lowlight’) pixel color instead of the value in register EF2. 3. Shadowing — Shadowing can be added to two-color characters by choosing the appropriate attribute value for the character. When a character is shadowed, a shadow pixel is added to the lower right edges of the color 2 image, as shown in Figure 37. The color of the shadow is determined by the value in the color palette register EF3 (normally black). 4. Bordering — A border can be added to the two-color characters. When a character is bordered, a border pixel is added at every horizontal, vertical or diagonal transition between Color 1 and Color 2. See Figure 38. The color of the border is determined by the value in the color palette register EF3 (normally black). 5. Blinking — If blinking is enabled as an attribute, all colors within the character except the button box pixels which have been over-written will alternately switch to Color 1 and then back to Color 2 at a rate determined by the micro-controller under I2C control. (Continued) Attribute Tables Each character has an attribute value assigned to it in the page RAM. The attribute value is 4 bits wide, making each character entry in the page RAM 12 bits wide in total. The attribute value acts as an address which points to one of 16 entries in either the two-color attribute table RAM or the fourcolor attribute table RAM. The attribute word in the table contains the coding information which defines which color is represented by Color 1 and Color 2 in the two color attribute table and Color 1, Color 2, Color 3, Color 4 in the four-color attribute table. Each color is defined by a 9 bit value, with 3 bits assigned to each channel of RGB. A dynamic look up table defines each of the 16 different color combination selections or ‘palettes’. As the look up table can be dynamically coded by the micro-controller over the I2C interface, each color can be assigned to any one of 29 (i.e. 512) choices. This allows a maximum of 64 different colors to be used within one page using the 4-color characters, with up to 4 different colors within any one character and 32 different colors using the 2-color characters, with 2 different colors within any one character. Transparent Disable In addition to the 9 lines of video data, a tenth data line is generated by the transparent disable bit. When this line is activated, the black color code will be translated as ‘transparent’ or invisible. This allows the video information from the PC system to be visible on the screen when this is present. Note that this feature is enabled on all black of the first 8 attribute table entries. Enhanced Features In addition to the wide selection of colors for each character, additional character features can be selected on a character by character basis. 25 www.national.com LM1253A OSD Generator Operation LM1253A OSD Generator Operation CHAR1 Bit 0 Bit 11 (of Previous Character) (Continued) Bit 0 CHAR1 Line 0 Bit 0 Bit 11 (of Previous Character) CHAR1 Bit 0 Line 0 CHAR1 RAISED Line 17 Line 17 Line 0 (of Character Below) Line 0 (of Character Below) DEPRESSED DS101265-40 DS101265-41 Effect on the screen: DS101265-42 FIGURE 36. Button Boxes DS101265-43 FIGURE 37. Shadowing DS101265-44 FIGURE 38. Bordering www.national.com 26 The micro-controller interfaces to the LM1253A pre-amp via an I2C interface. The protocol of the interface begins with a Start Pulse followed by a byte comprised of a seven bit Slave Device Address and a Read/Write bit. Since the first byte is composed of both the address and the read/write bit the address of the LM1253A for writing is BAh (1011 1010) and the address for reading is BBh (1011 1011). The development software provided by National Semiconductor will automatically take care of the difference between the read and write addresses if the target address under the communications tab is set to BAh. Figures 39, 40 show a write and read sequence across the I2C interface. Write Sequence The write sequence begins with a start condition which consists of the master pulling SDA low while SCL is held high. The slave device address is next sent. The address byte is DS101265-45 2 FIGURE 39. I C Write Sequence Read Sequence Read sequences are comprised of two I2C transfer sequences: The first is a write sequence that only transfers the two byte address to be accessed. The second is a read sequence that starts at the address transferred in the previous address only write access and increments to the next address upon every data byte read. This is shown in Figure 40. 27 www.national.com LM1253A made up of an address of seven bits (7-1) and the read/write bit (0). Bit 0 is low to indicate a write operation. Each byte that is sent is followed by an acknowledge. When SCL is high the master will release the SDA line. The slave must pull SDA low to acknowledge. The register to be written to is next sent in two bytes, the least significant byte being sent first. The master can then send the data, which consists of one or more bytes. Each data byte is followed by an acknowledge bit. If more than one data byte is sent the data will increment to the next address location. See Figure 39. Micro-Controller Interface LM1253A Micro-Controller Interface (Continued) DS101265-46 FIGURE 40. I2C Read Sequence The write sequence consists of the Start Pulse, the Slave Device Address, the Read/Write bit (a zero, indicating a write) and the Acknowledge bit; the next byte is the least significant byte of the address to be accessed, followed by its Acknowledge bit. This is then followed by a byte containing the most significant address byte, followed by its Acknowledge bit. Then a Stop bit indicates the end of the address only write access. Next the read data access will be performed beginning with the Start Pulse, the Slave Device Address, the Read/Write bit (a one, indicating a read) and the Acknowledge bit. The next 8 bits will be the read data driven out by the LM1253A pre-amp associated with the address indicated by the two address bytes. Subsequent read data bytes will correspond to the next increment address locations. Read data from the LM1253A only when both OSD windows are disabled. www.national.com 28 LM1253A LM1253A Address Map TABLE 3. Character ROM Address Map Address Range R/W Description CHARACTER ROM 0000h–2FFFh R ROM Character Fonts, 190 two-color Character Fonts that are read-only. The format of the address is as follows: A15–A14: Always zeros. A13–A6: Character value (00h–BFh are valid values) A5–A1: Row of the character (00h–11h are valid values) A0: Low byte of line when a zero. High byte of line when a one. The low byte will contain the first eight pixels of the line with data Bit 0 corresponding to the left most bit in the Character Font line. The high byte will contain the last four pixels and data Bits 7–4 are “don’t cares”. Data Bit 3 of the high byte corresponds to the right most pixel in the Character Font line. 3000h–3FFFh R ROM Character Fonts, 64 four-color Character Fonts that are read-only. The format of the address is as follows: A15–A14: Always zeros. A13–A6: Character value (C0h–FFh are valid values) A5–A1: Row of the character (00h–11h are valid values) A0: Low byte of line when a zero. High byte of line when a one. The low byte will contain the first eight pixels of the line with data Bit 0 corresponding to the left most bit in the Character Font line. The high byte will contain the last four pixels and data Bits 7–4 are “don’t cares”. Data Bit 3 of the high byte corresponds to the right most pixel in the Character Font line. NOTE: The value of Bit 0 of the Character Font Access Control Register (I2C Address 8402h) is a zero, it indicates that the Bit 0 data value of the four-color pixels is being accessed via these addresses. When the value of Bit 0 of the Access Control Register is a one, it indicates that the Bit 1 data value of the four-color pixel is being accessed via these addresses. 4000h–7FFFh RESERVED. TABLE 4. Display Page RAM Address Map Address Range R/W Description DISPLAY PAGE RAM 8000h–81FF R/W Display Page RAM Characters. A total of 512 display characters, skipped line, end-of-row and end-of-window character codes may be supported via this range. To support skipped lines and character attributes a number of special case rules are used when writing to this range. (Refer to the Display Page RAM section of this document for more details.) 29 www.national.com LM1253A Pre-Amp Interface Registers TABLE 5. OSD Interface Registers LM1253A OSD Interface Registers Register Fonts-2 Color Address Default D5 D4 X X X X X X X X 3000–3FFE D3 8000–83FF D1 D0 PIXEL[11:8] PIXEL[11:8] CHAR_CODE[7:4] or reserved FRMCTRL1 8400 10h FRMCTRL2 8401 80h CHARFONTACC 8402 00h X VBLANKDUR 8403 10h X CHARHTCTRL 8404 51h BBHLCTRLB0 8405 FFh BBHLCTRLB1 8406 01h BBLLCTRLB0 8407 00h X X X CHAR_CODE[3:0] or ATTR_CODE TD CDPR X X PIXELS_PER_LINE[2:0] X X D2E D1E OSE BLINK_PERIOD[4:0] X ATTR FONT4 VBLANK_DURATION[6:0] CHAR_HEIGHT[7:0] B[1:0] X G[2:0] X X B[1:0] X X R[2:0] X X G[2:0] BBLLCTRLB1 8408 00h 8409 00h X X CHSDWCTRLB1 840A 00h X X X X ROMSIGCTRL 840D 00h X X X X ROMSIGDATAB0 840E 00h ROMSIGDATAB1 840F 00h CRC[15:8] HSTRT1 8410 13h HPOS[7:0] VSTRT1 8411 14h VPOS[7:0] COLWIDTH1B0 8414 00h COL[7:0] COLWIDTH1B1 8415 00h COL[15:8] COLWIDTH1B2 8416 00h COL[23:16] COLWIDTH1B3 8417 00h COL[31:24] HSTRT2 8418 56h HPOS[7:0] VSTRT2 8419 5Bh VPOS[7:0] W2STRTADRL 841A 00h ADDR[7:0] B[1:0] X X B[2] R[2:0] CHSDWCTRLB0 X X G[2:0] X B[2] R[2:0] X X X B[2] X X X CRS X X ADDR[8] CRC[7:0] W2STRTADRH 841B 01h COLWIDTH2B0 841C 00h COLWIDTH2B1 841D 00h COL[15:8] COLWIDTH2B2 841E 00h COL[23:16] COLWIDTH2B3 841F 00h COL[31:24] X X X X X COL[7:0] Note: Set Reserved bits to 0. www.national.com D2 PIXEL[7:0] +1 Display Page D6 PIXEL[7:0] +1 Fonts-4 Color D7 0000–2FFE 30 LM1253A Pre-Amp Interface Registers (Continued) TABLE 6. Pre-Amp Interface Registers LM1253A Pre-Amp Interface Registers Register Address Default D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 BGAINCTRL 8430 60h X BGAIN[6:0] GGAINCTRL 8431 60h X GGAIN[6:0] RGAINCTRL 8432 60h X RGAIN[6:0] CONTRCTRL 8433 60h X BBIASCTRL 8434 80h BBIAS[7:0] GBIASCTRL 8435 80h GBIAS[7:0] RBIASCTRL 8436 80h RBIAS[7:0] BRIGHTCTRL 8437 80h DCOFFSET 8438 94h GLOBALCTRL 8439 00h PLLFREQRNG 843E 16h SRTSTCTRL 843F 00h D1 D0 CONTRAST[6:0] BRIGHTNESS[7:0] PEDESTAL[2:0] X OSD CONT[1:0] X DC OFFSET[2:0] X X X X IVIGAIN[1:0] X X X AID X X X X X X PS BV PFR[1:0] X SRST Note: Set Reserved bits to 0. Two-Color Attribute Table TABLE 7. Two-Color Attribute Registers LM1253A Two-Color Attribute Registers Register Address ATT2C0n 8440 + (n*4) D7 D6 ATT2C1n +1 C2B[0] ATT2C2n +2 X X ATT2C3n +3 X X D5 D4 C1B[1:0] D3 D2 C1G[2:0] D1 D0 C1R[2:0] C2G[2:0] C2R[2:0] C1B[2] EF[3:0] X X C2B[2:1] X X X X Note: Set Reserved bits to 0. Two-color display character Attribute Table. The attributes for two-color display characters may be written or read via the following address format: A15–A6: Always 1000_0100_01b. A5–A2: Attribute code (0h-Fh are valid values), n A1–A0: Determines which of the 3 bytes is to be accessed. NOTE: In the table, n indicates the attribute number 0 < =n < =15 NOTE: When writing, bytes 0 through 2 must be written, in that order. Bytes 0 through 2 will take effect after byte 2 is written. Since byte 3 contains all reserved bits, this byte may be written, but no effect will result. When reading, it is OK to read only one, two, or all three bytes. If writing more than one 2-color attributes using the auto increment feature, all four bytes must be written. Four-Color Attribute Table TABLE 8. Four-Color Attribute Registers LM1253A Four-Color Attribute Registers Register Address D7 ATT4C0n 8500 + (n*8) D6 ATT4C1n +1 C2B[0] ATT4C2n +2 X D5 D4 C1B[1:0] D3 D2 C1G[2:0] C2G[2:0] C2R[2:0] X EF[3:0] 31 D1 D0 C1R[2:0] C1B[2] C2B[2:1] www.national.com LM1253A Four-Color Attribute Table (Continued) TABLE 8. Four-Color Attribute Registers (Continued) LM1253A Four-Color Attribute Registers Register Address D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ATT4C3n +3 X X X X X X X X ATT4C4n +4 ATT4C5n +5 C3B[1:0] C3G[2:0] C4B[0] C3R[2:0] C4G[2:0] C4R[2:0] ATT4C6n +6 X X X X X X ATT4C7n +7 X X X X X X C3B[2] C4B[2:1] X X Note: Set Reserved bits to 0. Four-color display character Attribute Table. The attributes for four-color display characters may be written or read via the following address format: A15–A7: Always 1000_0101_0b A6–A3: Attribute value (0h–Fh are valid values), n A2–A0: Determine which of the six bytes of the attribute is to be accessed. NOTE: In the table, n indicates the attribute number, 0 < =n < =15 NOTE: When writing, bytes 0 to 2 must be written, in that order and bytes 4 to 6 must be written, in that order. Bytes 0 through 2 will take effect after byte 2 is written. Bytes 4 through 6 will take effect after byte 6 is written. Since bytes 5 and 7 contain all reserved bits, these bytes may be written, but no effect will result. When reading, it is OK to read only one, two, or all three bytes. If writing more than one 4-color attributes using the auto increment feature, all eight bytes must be written. Display Page RAM The OSD Window The Display Page RAM contains all of the 8 bit display character codes and their associated 4 bit attribute codes, and the special 12 bit page control codes — the row-end, skip-line parameters and window-end characters. The LM1253A has a distinct advantage over many OSD generators that it allows variable size and format windows. The window size is not dictated by a fixed geometry area of RAM. Instead, 512 locations of 12 bit words are allocated in RAM for the definition of the windows, with special control codes to define the window size and shape. Window width can be any length supported by the number of pixels per line that is selected divided by the number of pixels in a character line. It must be remembered that OSD characters displayed during the monitor blanking time will not be displayed on the screen, so the practical limit to the number of horizontal characters on a line is reduced by the number of characters within the horizontal blanking period. Character Code And Attribute Code Each of the 512 x 12 bit locations in the page RAM is comprised of an 8 bit character or control code, and a 4 bit attribute code: DS101265-47 Bits 11–4 Character Code: These 8 bits define which of the 254 characters is to be called from the character ROM. Valid character codes are 02h–FFh. Bits 3–0: Attribute code. These 4 bits address the attribute table used to specify which of the 16 locations in RAM specify the colors and enhanced features to be used for this particular character. Two separate attribute tables are used, one for 2-color characters, the other for 4-color characters. Each of the characters are stored in sequence in the page RAM. Special codes are used between lines to show where one line ends and the next begins, and also to allow blank (or ‘skipped’) lines to be added between character rows. www.national.com 32 LM1253A Display Page RAM (Continued) Row End Code To signify the end of a row of characters, a special ‘Row-End’ (RE) code is used in place of a character code. DS101265-48 Bits 11–4 Row-End Code: A special character code of 01h Bits 3–0: Don’t care The RE character tells the OSD generator that the character codes following must be placed on a new row in the displayed window. Skipped Line Parameters Each displayed row of characters may have up to 15 skipped (i.e., blank) lines beneath it in order to allow finer control of the vertical spacing of character rows. (Each skipped line is treated as a single auto-height character pixel line, so multiple scan lines may actually be displayed in order to maintain accurate size relative to the character cell — see section Constant Character Height Mechanism). To specify the number of skipped lines, the first character in each new row of characters to be displayed is interpreted differently than the other characters in the row. Instead of interpreting the data in the location as a character code, the information of the 12 bit word is defined as follows: DS101265-49 Bits 11–8 Reserved. Bits 7–4: Skipped Lines. These four bits determine how many blank pixel lines will be inserted between the present row of display characters and the next row of display characters. A range of 0–15 may be selected. Bits 3–0: Attribute code. The pixels in the skipped lines will normally be Color 1 of the addressed 2-Color Attribute Table entry. Note that the pixels in the first line immediately below the character may be overwritten by the pixel override system that creates the button box. (Refer to the Button Box Formation Section for more information.) Each new line MUST start with an SL code, even if the number of skipped lines to follow is zero. An SL code MUST always follow an RE control code. An RE code may follow an SL code if several ‘transparent’ lines are required between sections of the window (see example 3 below). In this case, skipped lines of zero characters are displayed, causing a break in the window. Window-End Code To signify the end of the window, a special ‘Window-End’ (WE) code is used in place of a Row-End code. DS101265-50 Bits 11–4 Window-End Code: A special character code of 00h Bits 3–0: Don’t care The WE control code tells the OSD generator that the character codes following belong to another displayed window at the next window location. A WE control code may follow normal characters or an SL parameter, but never an RE control code. Writing To The Page RAM The Display Page RAM can contain up to 512 of the above listed characters and control codes. Each character, or control code will consume one of the possible 512 locations. For convenience, a single write instruction to bit 3 of the Frame Control Register (8400h) can reset the page RAM value to all zero. Display Window 1 will also start at the first location (corresponding to the I2C address 8000h). This location must always contain the Skip-Line (SL) parameters associated with the first row of Display Window 1. Subsequent locations should contain the characters to be displayed on row 1 of Display Window 1, until the RE character code or WE character code is written into the Display Page-RAM. 33 www.national.com LM1253A Display Page RAM (Continued) The skip-line parameters associated with the next row must always be written to the location immediately after the preceding row’s row-end character. The only exception to this rule is when a window-end character (value 00h) is encountered. It is important to note that a row-end character should not precede a window-end character (otherwise the window-end character will be interpreted as the next row’s skip-line parameters). Instead, the window-end character will both end the row and the window making it unnecessary to precede it with a row-end character. The I2C Format for writing a sequence of display characters is minimized by allowing sequential characters with the same attribute code to be sent in a string as follows: Byte #1 — I2C Slave Address Byte #2 — LSB Address Byte #3 — MSB Address Byte #4 — Attribute Table Entry to use for the following characters Byte #5 — First display character, SL parameter, RE or WE control code. Byte #6 — Second display character, SL parameter, RE or WE control code. Byte #7 — Third display character, SL parameter, RE or WE control code. . . Byte #n — Last display character in this color sequence, SL parameter, RE or WE control code to use the associated Attribute Table Entry. The Attribute Table Entry (Byte #4, of the above) is automatically associated with each subsequent display character or SL code written. The following are examples of how the Display Page RAM associates to the actual On-Screen Display Window #1. EXAMPLE #1: A 3 X 3 character matrix of white characters on a black background is to be displayed using 2-color character codes: The actual On-Screen Display of Window #1 is shown in Figure 41. Note the dotted white lines are not shown on the monitor. They are shown here to show where the character ends. DS101265-51 FIGURE 41. Example 1 OSD Notes: • Every row must begin with an attribute and a SL. Display Page RAM memory location 8000h will always be associated with the SL of row 0 of Display Window #1. • The colors of the characters and background can be stored in a single location in the 2-color attribute table, in location ATT0. • Every row except the last row of a Display Window must end with an RE character. The character immediately after an RE character is always the SL value for the next row. • The data shown in Table 9 is sent to the LM1253A in one I2C transmission. • The last row in a Display Window must be a WE character. The WE character must NOT be preceded by an RE character. • The entire Display Window may be written in a single I2C write sequence because the Attribute Table entry (i.e., the color palette) does not change for the entire Display Window. • The Attribute Table Entry that is associated with RE and WE characters are “don’t cares”. In general it is most efficient just to allow them to be the same value as the Attribute Table Entry associated with the previous display character. www.national.com 34 LM1253A Display Page RAM (Continued) TABLE 9. Example 1 I2C Transmission Command Sent (hex) Description RAM Address of the Character or Command I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 00 Address LSB 80 Address MSB 00 Use Attribute table 00 for the following characters 00 Skip 0 lines 8000 02 Character “A” 8001 03 Character “B” 8002 04 Character “C” 8003 01 Row end 8004 00 Skip 0 lines 8005 05 Character “D” 8006 06 Character “E” 8007 07 Character “F” 8008 01 Row end 8009 00 Skip 0 lines 800A 08 Character “G” 800B 09 Character “H” 800C 0A Character “I” 800D 00 Window end 800E I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) EXAMPLE #2: A 3X3 character matrix of characters on a black background is to be displayed on the screen, using 2-color character codes. 2 skipped lines are required below the first line of characters, 3 skipped lines are required below the second line of characters, and 4 skipped lines are required below the third line of characters. The first line of characters will use color attribute 0, the second line will use color attribute 1, the third line will use color attribute 0 for the first character, color attribute 1 for the second character, and color attribute 2 for the third character. This is shown in Figure 42. 35 www.national.com LM1253A Display Page RAM (Continued) DS101265-52 FIGURE 42. Example 2 OSD Notes: • Every row must begin with an attribute and a SL value. Display Page RAM memory location 8000h will always be associated with the SL of row 0 of Display Window #1. • The last row in a Display Window must be a WE character. The WE character must NOT be preceded by an RE character. • If an I2C transmission finishes without an RE (in the middle of a row) the first byte sent in the next I2C transmission is the attribute. • The data shown in Table 10 is sent to the LM1253A in five I2C transmissions. • Every row except the last row of a Display Window must end with an RE character. The character immediately after an RE character is always the SL value for the next row. TABLE 10. Example 2 I2C Transmissions Command Sent (hex) Description RAM Address of the Character or Command I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 00 Address LSB 80 Address MSB 00 Use Attribute table 00 for the following characters 02 Skip 2 lines 8000 02 Character “A” 8001 03 Character “B” 8002 04 Character “C” 8003 01 Row end 8004 I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 05 Address LSB 80 Address MSB www.national.com 36 LM1253A Display Page RAM (Continued) TABLE 10. Example 2 I2C Transmissions (Continued) Command Sent (hex) Description RAM Address of the Character or Command 01 Use Attribute table 01 for the following characters 03 Skip 3 lines 8005 05 Character “D” 8006 06 Character “E” 8007 07 Character “F” 8008 01 Row end 8009 I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 0A Address LSB 80 Address MSB 00 Use Attribute table 00 for the following characters 04 Skip 4 lines 800A 08 Character “G” 800B I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip Address 0C Address LSB 80 Address MSB 01 Use Attribute table 01 for the following characters 09 Character “H” 800C I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 0D Address LSB 80 Address MSB 02 Use Attribute table 02 for the following characters 0A Character “I” 800D 00 Window end 800E I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) EXAMPLE #3: Two different length rows of characters with a black background are to be displayed on the screen, using 2-color character codes. 3 transparent skipped lines are required between the character rows. This is shown in Figure 43. 37 www.national.com LM1253A Display Page RAM (Continued) DS101265-53 FIGURE 43. Example 3 OSD Notes: • In order to centralize the three characters above the five characters on the row below, a ‘transparent’ blank character has been used as the first character on the row. • In order to create the transparent skipped lines between the two character rows, a row of no characters has been used, resulting in an RE, SL, RE, SL control code sequence. • In this example, the transparent character is defined by the 2-color attribute table entry ATT0. Bit 4 of Frame Control Register 1 must be set to indicate that the black color is to be translated as transparent (see Control Register Definitions section). Setting the transparent bit will make any black in ATT0–ATT7 transparent. • The top row of characters are white on black; in this example, these are defined by the 2-color attribute table entry ATT9. • The second row of characters are gray on black; in this example, these are defined by the 2-color attribute table entry ATT10. • The black background of the characters are not transparent because ATT9 and ATT10 are used. • The data shown in Table 11 is sent to the LM1253A in four I2C transmissions. www.national.com 38 LM1253A Display Page RAM (Continued) TABLE 11. Example 3 I2C Transmissions Command Sent (hex) Description RAM Address of the Character or Command I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 00 Address LSB 80 Address MSB 00 Use Attribute table 00 for the following characters 00 Skip 0 lines 8000 80 Character “ ” 8001 I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 02 Address LSB 80 Address MSB 09 Use Attribute table 09 for the following characters 02 Character “A” 8002 03 Character “B” 8003 04 Character “C” 8004 01 Row end 8005 2 I C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 06 Address LSB 80 Address MSB 00 Use Attribute table 00 for the following characters 03 Skip 3 lines 8006 01 Row end 8007 I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) I2C start condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) BA Chip address (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 08 Address LSB 80 Address MSB 0A Use Attribute table 0A for the following characters 00 Skip 0 lines 05 Character “D” 8009 06 Character “E” 800A 07 Character “F” 800B 08 Character “G” 800C 09 Character “H” 800D 00 Window end 800E 8008 I2C stop condition (See the Micro-Controller Interface Section) 39 www.national.com LM1253A Control Register Definitions OSD INTERFACE REGISTERS Frame Control Register 1 (I2C address 8400h). REGISTER NAME: FRMCTRL1 Bit 7 RSV Bit 0 RSV RSV TD CDPR D2E D1E OsE Bit 0: On-Screen Display Enable. The On-Screen Display will be disabled when this bit is a zero. When this bit is a one the On-Screen Display will be enabled and Display Window 1 will be enabled if Bit 1 of this register is a one; likewise Display Window 2 will be enabled if Bit 2 of this register is a one. Bit 1: Display Window 1 Enable. When Bit 0 of this register and this bit are both ones, Display Window 1 is enabled. If either bit is a zero, then Display Window 1 will be disabled. Bit 2: Display Window 2 Enable. When Bit 0 of this register and this bit are both ones, Display Window 2 is enabled. If either bit is a zero, then Display Window 2 will be disabled. Bit 3: Clear Display Page RAM. Writing a one to this bit will result in setting all of the Display Page RAM values to zero. This bit is automatically cleared after the operation is complete. Bit 4: Transparent Disable. When this bit is a zero, a palette color of black (ie color palette look-up table value of ‘000 000 000’) in the first 8 palette look-up table address locations (i.e., ATT = 0h–7h) will be translated as transparent. When this bit is a one, the color will be translated as black. Bits 7–4: RESERVED. Frame Control Register 2 (I2C address 8401h). REGISTER NAME: FRMCTRL2 Bit 7 PL2 Bit 0 PL1 PL0 BP4 BP3 BP2 BP1 BP0 Bits 4–0: Blinking Period. These five bits set the blinking period of the blinking feature, which is determined by multiplying the value of these bits by 8, and then multiplying the result by the vertical field rate. Bits 7–5: Pixels per Line. These three bits determine the number of pixels per line. Bits 7–5 Description Max Fh 000b 512 pixels per line 125 kHz 001b 576 pixels per line 119 kHz 010b 640 pixels per line 112 kHz 011b 704 pixels per line 106 kHz 100b 768 pixels per line 100 kHz 101b 832 pixels per line 93 kHz 110b 896 pixels per line 87 kHz 111b 960 pixels per line 81 kHz Character Font Access Control Register (I2C address 8402h). REGISTER NAME: CHARFONTACC Bit 7 RSV Bit 0: Bit 0 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV C/A Bit Four-color pixel data value Bit indicator. This bit indicates if Bit 0 (when a zero) or Bit 1 (when a one) of the four-color pixel data value is being accessed via I2C addresses 3000h–3FFFh. Character/Attribute Code Indicator. This bit controls what value is read via I2C reads of the Display Page RAM (address range 8000h–81FFh). When this bit is a 0, such reads will return the character code. When this bit is a 1, the attribute code will be returned. Bits 7–2: RESERVED. Bit 1: www.national.com 40 LM1253A Control Register Definitions (Continued) Vertical Blank Duration Control Register (I2C address 8403h). REGISTER NAME: VBLANKDUR Bit 7 Bit 0 RSV VB6 VB5 VB4 VB3 VB2 VB1 VB0 Bits 6–0: Vertical Blank Duration. These seven bits set the duration of the VBLANK signal in numbers of horizontal scan lines. Bit 7: RESERVED. OSD Character Height Control Register (I2C address 8404h). REGISTER NAME: CHARHTCTRL Bit 7 CH7 Bit 0 CH6 CH5 CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 CH0 Bits 7–0: Character Height: this register sets the character height according to the constant character height mechanism described in section Constant Character Height Mechanism. The value programmed in the register is equal to the approximate number of OSD height compensated lines required on the screen divided by 4. The value is only approximate, due to the approximation used in scaling the characters. Example: If approximately 384 OSD lines are required on the screen (regardless of the number of image lines) then the Character Height Control Register is programmed with the value of 81. Button Box Highlight Color Register (EF1) (I2C address 8405h–8406h). REGISTER NAME: BBHLCTRLB1 (8406h) BBHLCTRLB0 (8405h) Bit 15 RSV RSV Bits 8–0: Bits 15–9: RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV Bit 8 Bit 7 R2 R1 Bit 0 R0 B2 B1 B0 G2 G1 G0 Button Box highlight color. This register indicates the value of Enhanced Feature (button box highlight) register EF1. RESERVED. Button Box Lowlight Color Register (EF2) (I2C address 8407h–8408h). REGISTER NAME: BBLLCTRLB1 (8408h) BBLLCTRLB0 (8407h) Bit 15 RSV RSV Bits 8–0: Bits 15–9: RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV Bit 8 Bit 7 R2 R1 Bit 0 R0 B2 B1 B0 G2 G1 G0 Button Box lowlight color. This register indicates the value of Enhanced Feature (button box lowlight) register EF2. RESERVED. Heavy Button Box Lowlight/Shadow/Shading Color Register (EF3) (I2C address 8409h–840Ah). REGISTER NAME: CHSDWCTRLB1 (840Ah) CHSDWCTRLB0 (8409h) Bit 15 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV Bit 8 Bit 7 R2 R1 Bit 0 R0 B2 B1 B0 G2 G1 G0 Bits 8–0: Heavy Button Box lowlight/shadow color. This register indicates the value of Enhanced Feature (heavy button box lowlight or shadow/shading) register EF3. Bits 15–9: RESERVED. 41 www.national.com LM1253A Control Register Definitions (Continued) ROM Signature Control Register (I2C address 840Dh). REGISTER NAME: ROMSIGCTRL Bit 7 RSV Bit 0 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV CRS Bit 0: Calculate ROM Signature. Setting this bit causes the entire ROM to be read, sequentially, and a 16 bit CRC calculated over its contents. The residual value from this calculation is placed in the ROM Signature Data register. This bit automatically clears itself when the calculation has been completed. Bits 7–1: RESERVED. ROM Signature Data Register (I2C address 840Eh–840Fh). REGISTER NAME: ROMSIGDATAB1 (840Fh) ROMSIGDATAB0 (840Eh) Bit 15 Bit 8 CRC15 CRC14 CRC13 CRC12 CRC11 CRC10 CRC9 CRC8 Bit 7 CRC7 Bit 0 CRC6 CRC5 CRC4 CRC3 CRC2 CRC1 CRC0 Bits 15–0: ROM Signature Data. This register indicates the residual value from the CRC calculation. Devices containing ROMs with different programming will give different signatures. Devices with the same ROM programming will give the same signature. Display Window 1 Horizontal Pixel Start Location Register (I2C address 8410h). REGISTER NAME: HSTRT1 (8410h) Bit 7 1H7 Bit 0 1H6 1H5 1H4 1H3 1H2 1H1 1H0 Bits 7–0: Display Window 1 Horizontal Pixel Start Location. These seven bits determine the starting horizontal pixel location, which is determined by multiplying the value of these bits by 4 and adding 30 pixels. Due to pipeline delays, the first usable location for the OSD window is approx 42 pixels to the right of the horizontal flyback pulse. For this reason, the display start location must be programmed with a number larger than 2, otherwise improper operation may occur. This byte must be set so the entire OSD window is within the active video. Display Window 1 Vertical Pixel Start Location Register (I2C address 8411h). REGISTER NAME: VSTRT1 (8411h) Bit 7 1V7 Bit 0 1V6 1V5 1V4 1V3 1V2 1V1 1V0 Bits 7–0: Display Window 1 Vertical Pixel Start Location. These eight bits determine the starting vertical pixel location in constant height character lines, which is determined by multiplying the value of these bits by 2. (Note, each character line is treated as a single auto-height character pixel line, so multiple scan lines may actually be displayed in order to maintain accurate position relative to the character cell size — See Constant Character Height Mechanism section.) This byte must be set so the entire OSD window is within the active video. Display Window 1 Column Width Control Register (I2C address 8414h–8417h). REGISTER NAME: COLWIDTH1B3 (8417h) COLWIDTH1B2 (8416h) COLWIDTH1B1 (8415h) COLWIDTH1B0 (8414h) Bit 31 COL31 COL30 COL29 COL28 COL27 COL26 COL25 Bit 15 COL15 COL14 COL13 COL12 COL11 COL10 COL9 Bit 24 Bit 23 COL24 COL23 Bit 8 Bit 7 COL8 COL7 Bit 16 COL22 COL21 COL20 COL19 COL18 COL17 COL16 Bit 0 COL6 COL5 COL4 COL3 COL2 COL1 COL0 Bits 31–0: Display Window 1 Column Width 2x Enable Bits. These thirty-two bits correspond to columns 31–0 of Display Window 1, respectively. A value of zero indicates the column will have normal width (12 pixels). A value of one indicates the column will be twice as wide as normal (24 pixels). For the double wide case, each Character Font pixel location will be displayed twice, in two consecutive horizontal pixel locations. The user should note that if more than 32 display characters are programmed to reside on a row, then all display characters after the first thirty-two will have normal width (12 pixels). www.national.com 42 LM1253A Control Register Definitions (Continued) Display Window 2 Horizontal Pixel Start Location Register (I2C address 8418h). REGISTER NAME: HSTRT2 (8418h) Bit 7 2H7 Bit 0 2H6 2H5 2H4 2H3 2H2 2H1 2H0 Bits 7–0: Display Window 2 Horizontal Pixel Start Location. These seven bits determine the starting horizontal pixel location, which is determined by multiplying the value of these bits by 4 and adding 30 pixels. Due to pipeline delays, the first usable location for the OSD window is approx 42 pixels to the right of the horizontal flyback pulse. For this reason, the display start location must be programmed with a number larger than 2, otherwise improper operation may occur. This byte must be set so the entire OSD window is within the active video. Display Window 2 Vertical Pixel Start Location Register (I2C address 8419h). REGISTER NAME: VSTRT2 (8419h) Bit 7 2V7 Bit 0 2V6 2V5 2V4 2V3 2V2 2V1 2V0 Bits 7–0: Display Window 2 Vertical Pixel Start Location. These eight bits determine the starting vertical pixel location in constant height character lines, which is determined by multiplying the value of these bits by 2. (Note, each character line is treated as a single auto-height character pixel line, so multiple scan lines may actually be displayed in order to maintain accurate position relative to the character cell size — see Constant Character Height Mechanism section). This byte must be set so the entire OSD window is within the active video. Display Window 2 Starting Address in the Display Page RAM (I2C address 841Ah–841Bh). REGISTER NAME: W2STRTADRH (841Bh) W2STRTADRL (841Ah) Bit 15 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV Bit 8 Bit 7 2ad8 2ad7 Bit 0 2ad6 2ad5 2ad4 2ad3 2ad2 2ad1 2ad0 Bits 8–0: Display Window 2’s Starting Address in the Display Page RAM. This register determines the starting address of Display Window 2 in the Display Page RAM. This first address location will always contain the SL code for the first row of Display Window 2. Bits 7–5: RESERVED. Display Window 2 Column Width Control Register (I2C address 841Ch–841Fh). REGISTER NAME: COLWIDTH2B3 (841Fh) COLWIDTH2B2 (841Eh) COLWIDTH2B1 (841Dh) COLWIDTH2B0 (841Ch) Bit 31 COL31 Bit 24 Bit 16 COL30 COL29 COL28 COL27 COL26 COL25 COL24 COL23 COL22 COL21 COL20 COL19 COL18 COL17 COL16 COL14 COL13 COL12 COL11 COL10 Bit 15 COL15 Bit 23 COL9 Bit 8 Bit 7 COL8 COL7 Bit 0 COL6 COL5 COL4 COL3 COL2 COL1 COL0 Bits 31–0: Display Window 2 Column Width 2x Enable Bits. These thirty-two bits correspond to columns 31–0 of Display Window 2, respectively. A value of zero indicates the column will have normal width (12 pixels). A value of one indicates the column will be twice as wide as normal (24 pixels). For the double wide case, each Character Font pixel location will be displayed twice, in two consecutive horizontal pixel locations. The user should note that if more than 32 display characters are programmed to reside on a row, then all display characters after the first thirty-two will have normal width (12 pixels). 43 www.national.com LM1253A Control Register Definitions (Continued) PRE-AMP INTERFACE REGISTERS Blue Channel Gain Control Register (I2C address 8430h). REGISTER NAME: BGAINCTRL (8430h) Bit 7 RSV Bit 0 BG6 BG5 BG4 BG3 BG2 BG1 BG0 Bits 6–0: Blue Channel Gain Control. These seven bits determine the gain for the Blue Channel. Bit 7: RESERVED. Green Channel Gain Control Register (I2C address 8431h). REGISTER NAME: GGAINCTRL (8431h) Bit 7 RSV Bit 0 GG6 GG5 GG4 GG3 GG2 GG1 GG0 Bits 6–0: Green Channel Gain Control. These seven bits determine the gain for the Green Channel. Bit 7: RESERVED. Red Channel Gain Control Register (I2C address 8432h). REGISTER NAME: RGAINCTRL (8432h) Bit 7 RSV Bit 0 RG6 RG5 RG4 RG3 RG2 RG1 RG0 Bits 6–0: Red Channel Gain Control. These seven bits determine the gain for the Red Channel. Bit 7: RESERVED. Contrast Control Register (I2C address 8433h). REGISTER NAME: CONTRCTRL (8433h) Bit 7 RSV Bit 0 CG6 CG5 CG4 CG3 CG2 CG1 CG0 Bits 6–0: Contrast Gain Control. These six bits determine the overall gain of all three channels. Bit 7 RESERVED. Blue Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude Control Register (I2C address 8434h). REGISTER NAME: BBIASCTRL (8434h) Bit 7 BC7 Bit 0 BC6 BC5 BC4 BC3 BC2 BC1 BC0 Bits 7–0: Blue Channel Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude Control. These six bits determine the bias clamp value for its pulse amplitude. Green Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude Control Register (I2C address 8435h). REGISTER NAME: GBIASCTRL (8435h) Bit 7 GC7 Bit 0 GC6 GC5 GC4 GC3 GC2 GC1 GC0 Bits 7–0: Green Channel Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude Control. These six bits determine the bias clamp value for its pulse amplitude. www.national.com 44 LM1253A Control Register Definitions (Continued) Red Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude Control Register (I2C address 8436h). REGISTER NAME: RBIASCTRL (8436h) Bit 7 RC7 Bit 0 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 Bits 7–0: Red Channel Bias Clamp Pulse Amplitude Control. These six bits determine the bias clamp value for its pulse amplitude. Brightness Amplitude Control Register (I2C address 8437h). REGISTER NAME: BRIGHTCTRL (8437h) Bit 7 BA7 Bit 0 BA6 BA5 BA4 BA3 BA2 BA1 BA0 Bits 7–0: Brightness Amplitude Control. These six bits determine amplitude of brightness for all three channels. DC Offset and OSD Contrast Control Register (I2C address 8438h). REGISTER NAME: DCOFFSET (8438h) Bit 7 Bit 0 BP2 BP1 BP0 OSD C1 OSD C0 DC2 DC1 DC0 Bits 2–0: DC Offset Control. These three bits determine the active video DC offset to all three channels. Bits 4–3: OSD Contrast. These two bits determine the OSD contrast. Bits 7–5: Blanking pedestal. These three bits determine the blanking pedestal offset for all three channels. Global Video Control Register (I2C address 8439h). REGISTER NAME: GLOBALCTRL (8439h) Bit 7 RSV Bit 0 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV PS BV Bit 0: Bit 1: Blank Video. When this bit is a one, the video output is blanked. When this bit is a zero normal video is output. Power Save. When this bit is a one, the analog circuits are shutdown to support sleep mode. When this bit is a zero the analog circuits are enabled for normal operation. See the Power Save Mode section. Bits 7–2: RESERVED. PLL Frequency Range Control Register (I2C address 843Eh). REGISTER NAME: PLLFREQRNG (843Eh) Bit 7 RSV Bit 0 RSV RSV RSV IVS1 IVS0 PFR1 PFR0 Bits 1–0: PLL Frequency Range Control. These bits assist the PLL in locking to the desired pixel frequency. PLL Range should be set as shown in Table 12. Bits 3–2: Sets the approximate Free Run Frequency. 00: 38 kHz, 01: 43 kHz, 10: 47 kHz, 11: 52 kHz. Bits 7–4: RESERVED. Set to 0 45 www.national.com LM1253A Control Register Definitions (Continued) TABLE 12. PLL Setting (Register 843Eh) Note: These settings are valid when R28 = 6.2k, C23 = 0.1 µF, C33 = 2.2 nF. Frequency Range Value for Register 843Eh 30 kHz 1 01h 35 kHz 1 01h 40 kHz 2 02h 45 kHz 2 02h 50 kHz 2 02h 55 kHz 2 02h 60 kHz 2 02h 65 kHz 2 02h 70 kHz 3 03h 75 kHz 3 03h 80 kHz 3 03h 85 kHz 3 03h 90 kHz 3 03h 95 kHz 3 03h 100 kHz 3 03h Software Reset and Test Control Register (I2C address 843Fh). REGISTER NAME: SRTSTCTRL (843Fh) Bit 7 Bit 0 RSV AID RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV SRST Bit 0: Software Reset. Setting this bit causes a software reset. All registers (except this one) are loaded with their default values. All operations currently in progress are aborted (except for I2C transactions). This bit automatically clears itself when the reset has been completed. Bits 1–5: Reserved Bit 6: Auto Increment Disable. Setting this bit to one disables the automatic address increment feature of the I2C register access protocol. Bit 7: Reserved ATTRIBUTE TABLE AND ENHANCED FEATURES Each display character and SL in the Display Page RAM will have a 4-bit Attribute Table entry associated with it. The user should note that two-color display characters and four-color display characters use two different Attribute Tables, effectively providing 16 attributes for two-color display characters and 16 attributes for four-color display characters. For two-color characters the attribute contains the code for the 9-bit foreground color (Color 2), the code for the 9-bit background color (Color 1), and the character’s enhanced features (Button Box, Blinking, Heavy Box, Shadowing, bordering, etc.). For four-color characters the attribute contains the code for the 9-bit Color 1, the code for the 9-bit Color 2, the code for the 9-bit Color 3, the code for the 9-bit Color 4 and the character’s enhanced features (Button Box, Blinking, Heavy Box, Shadowing, bordering, etc.). TWO-COLOR ATTRIBUTE FORMAT REGISTER NAME: ATT2C3n (8443h +(n*4)), ATT2C2n (8442h +(n*4)), where n = attribute code (See Table 13) Bit 31 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV Bit 24 Bit 23 RSV RSV Bit 16 RSV EFB3 EFB2 EFB1 EFB0 C2B2 C2B1 REGISTER NAME: ATT2C1n (8441h +(n*4)), ATT2C0n (8440h +(n*4)), where n = attribute code (See Table 13) Bit 15 C2B0 C2G2 Bits 8–0: Bits 17–9: www.national.com C2G1 C2G0 C2R2 C2R1 C2R0 Bit 8 Bit 7 C1B2 C1B1 Bit 0 C1B0 C1G2 C1G1 C1G0 C1R2 C1R1 C1R0 Color 1. These nine bits indicate the value of the color to be displayed as color 1. This is considered to be the background color and is displayed when the corresponding pixel data bit is a zero. Color 2. These nine bits indicate the value of the color to be displayed as color 2. This is considered to be the foreground color and is displayed when the corresponding pixel data bit is a one. 46 Bits 21–18: (Continued) Enhanced Feature Bits. The enhanced features are determined as follows: Bits 21–28 Bits 31–24: LM1253A Control Register Definitions Description 0000b Normal (no enhanced features enabled). 0001b Blinking. 0010b Shadowing. 0011b Bordering. 01XXb RESERVED. 1000b Raised Box. 1001b Blinking and Raised Box. 1010b Depressed Box. 1011b Blinking and Depressed Box. 1100b Heavy Raised Box. 1101b Blinking and Heavy Raised Box. 1110b Heavy Depressed Box. 1111b Blinking and Heavy Depressed Box. Reserved FOUR-COLOR ATTRIBUTE FORMAT REGISTER NAME: ATT4C7n (8507h +(n*4)), ATT4C6n (8506h +(n*4)), where n = attribute code (See Table 13) Bit 63 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV Bit 56 Bit 55 RSV RSV Bit 48 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV C4B2 C4B1 REGISTER NAME: ATT4C5n (8505h +(n*4)), ATT4C4n (8504h +(n*4)), where n = attribute code (See Table 13) Bit 47 C4B0 C4G2 C4G1 C4G0 C4R2 C4R1 C4R0 Bit 40 Bit 39 C3B2 C3B1 Bit 32 C3B0 C3G2 C3G1 C3G0 C3R2 C3R1 C3R0 REGISTER NAME: ATT4C3n (8503h +(n*4)), ATT4C2n (8502h +(n*4)), where n = attribute code (See Table 13) Bit 31 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV Bit 24 Bit 23 RSV RSV Bit 16 RSV EFB3 EFB2 EFB1 EFB0 C2B2 C2B1 REGISTER NAME: ATT4C1n (8501h +(n*4)), ATT4C0n (8500h +(n*4)), where n = attribute code (See Table 13) Bit 15 C2B0 C2G2 Bits 8–0: Bits 17–9: Bits 21–18: C2G1 C2G0 C2R2 C2R1 C2R0 Bit 8 Bit 7 C1B2 C1B1 Bit 0 C1B0 C1G2 C1G1 C1G0 C1R2 C1R1 C1R0 Color 1. These nine bits indicate the value of the color to be displayed as Color 1. This is considered to be the background color and is displayed when the corresponding pixel data bit is 00b Color 2. These nine bits indicate the value of the color to be displayed as Color 2. This is displayed when the corresponding pixel data bit is 01b Enhanced Feature Bits. The enhanced features are determined as follows: Bits 21–18 Description 0000b Normal (no enhanced features enabled). 0001b Blinking. 001Xb RESERVED. 01XXb RESERVED. 1000b Raised Box. 1001b Blinking and Raised Box. 47 www.national.com LM1253A Control Register Definitions (Continued) Bits 21–18 Bits 40–32: Bits 49–41: Bits 63–50: Description 1010b Depressed Box. 1011b Blinking and Depressed Box. 1100b Heavy Raised Box. 1101b Blinking and Heavy Raised Box. 1110b Heavy Depressed Box. 1111b Blinking and Heavy Depressed Box. Color 3. These nine bits indicate the value of the color to be displayed as Color 3. This is displayed when the corresponding pixel data bit is 10b. Color 4. These nine bits indicate the value of the color to be displayed as Color 4. This is displayed when the corresponding pixel data bit is 11b. RESERVED. ATTRIBUTE TABLES TO I2C ADDRESS TABLE 13. Attribute Tables To I2C Address Two-Color Attribute Table Four-Color Attribute Table Attribute Value I2C Address I2C Address 0000b 8440h–8443h 8500h–8507h 0001b 8444h–8447h 8508h–850Fh 0010b 8448h–844Bh 8510h–8517h 0011b 844Ch–844Fh 8518h–851Fh 0100b 8450h–8453h 8520h–8527h 0101b 8454h–8457h 8528h–852Fh 0110b 8458h–845Bh 8530h–8537h 0111b 845Ch–845Fh 8538h–853Fh 1000b 8460h–8463h 8540h–8547h 1001b 8464h–8467h 8548h–854Fh 1010b 8468h–846Bh 8550h–8557h 1011b 846Ch–846Fh 8558h–855Fh 1100b 8470h–8473h 8560h–8567h 1101b 8474h–8477h 8568h–856Fh 1110b 8478h–847Bh 8570h–8577h 1111b 847Ch–847Fh 8578h–857Fh Button Box Formation The value of the most significant Enhanced Feature Bit (EFB3) determines when to draw the left, right, bottom and top sides of a Box. EFB1 denotes whether a box is raised or depressed, and EFB2 denotes whether the box is normal or ‘heavy’. For normal boxes, the lowlight color is determined by the color code stored in the register EF2. For the heavy box feature, the lowlight is determined by color code stored in register EF3. Boxes are created by a ‘pixel override’ system that overwrites character cell pixel information with either the highlight color (EF1) or low light shadow (EF2 or EF3) of the box. Only the top pixel line of the character and the right edge of the character can be overwritten by the pixel override system. To form a complete box, the left hand edge of a box is created by overwriting the pixels in the right most column of the preceding character to the one being enclosed by the box. The bottom edge of a box is created by either 1. overwriting the pixels in the top line of the character below the character being enclosed by the box. Or: www.national.com 48 (Continued) 2. overwriting the pixels in the top line of the skipped lines below, in the case where skip lines are present below a boxed character. Characters should be designed so that button boxes will not interfere with the character. Some minor limitations result from the above box formation methodology: • • No box may use the left most display character in the Display Window, or it will have no left side of the Box. To create a box around the left most displayed character, a transparent ‘blank’ character must be used in the first character position. This character will not be visible on the screen, but allows the formation of the box. • Skipped lines cannot be used within a box covering several rows • Irregular shaped boxes, (i.e., other than rectangular), may have some missing edges. At least one skip line must be used beneath characters on the bottom row, if a box is required around any characters on this row in order to accommodate the bottom edge of the box. Operation of the Shadow Feature DS101265-57 FIGURE 44. Operation of the Shadow Feature The shadow feature is created as follows: as each 12 bit line in the character is called from ROM, the line immediately preceding it is also called and used to create a ‘pixel override’ mask. Bits 11 through 1 of the preceding line are compared to bits 10 through 0 of the current character line. Each bit X in the current line is compared to bit X+1 in the preceding line (i.e., the pixel above and to the left of the current pixel). Note that bit 11 of the current line cannot be shadowed. A pixel override output mask is then created. When a pixel override output is 1 for a given pixel position, the color of that pixel must be substituted with the color code stored in the register EF3. Operation of the Bordering Feature Borders are created in a similar manner to shadowing, using the pixel override system to over write pixel data with a pixel color set by EF3. However, instead of comparing just the previous line to the current line, all pixels surrounding a given pixel are examined. The shadow feature is created as follows: as each 12 bit line in the character is called from ROM, the character line immediately above and the line immediately below are also called. A ‘Pixel Override’ output mask is then created by looking at all pixels surrounding the pixel. When a black override output is 1 for a given pixel position, X, the color of that pixel must be substituted with the color code stored in the register EF3. Because the shadowing relies upon information about the pixels surrounding any given pixel, the bordering system may not operate correctly for pixels in line 0, line 17, and column 0 and column 11. Constant Character Height Mechanism The CRT monitor scan circuits ensure that the height of the displayed image remains constant so the physical height of a single displayed pixel row will decrease as the total number of vertical image lines increases. As the OSD character matrix has a fixed number of lines, C, (where C=18), then the character height will reduce as the number of scan lines increase, assuming a constant image height. To prevent this, the OSD generator repeats some of the lines in the OSD character in order to maintain a constant height. 49 www.national.com LM1253A Control Register Definitions LM1253A Control Register Definitions (Continued) In the LM1253A, an approximation method is used to determine which lines are repeated, and how many times each line is repeated. The constant character height mechanism will not decrease the OSD character matrix to less than 18 lines. Each character will be at least 18 lines high. Display Window 1 To Display Window 2 Spacing There is no required vertical spacing between Display Window 1 and Display Window 2, but they should not overlap. There must be a two character horizontal space between Display Window 1 and Display Window 2 for proper operation of both windows or undefined results may occur. Evaluation Character Fonts The character font of the LM1253A is shown in Figures 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50. Note that the first two character codes of the two color font (00h and 01h) are reserved for the Window End (WE) and Row End (RE) codes respectively. www.national.com 50 LM1253A Character Font DS101265-62 FIGURE 45. Character Font 00-2F 51 www.national.com LM1253A Character Font (Continued) DS101265-63 FIGURE 46. Character Font 30-5F www.national.com 52 LM1253A Character Font (Continued) DS101265-64 FIGURE 47. Character Font 60-8F 53 www.national.com LM1253A Character Font (Continued) DS101265-65 FIGURE 48. Character Font 90-BF www.national.com 54 LM1253A Character Font (Continued) DS101265-66 FIGURE 49. Character Font C0-DF 55 www.national.com LM1253A Character Font (Continued) DS101265-67 FIGURE 50. Character Font E0-FF www.national.com 56 inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 28-Lead (0.600’’ wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package Order Number LM1253AN NS Package Number N28B LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. LM1253A Monolithic Triple 180 MHz I2C CRT Pre-amp With Integrated Analog On Screen Display (OSD) Generator Physical Dimensions