LP2987/LP2988 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator with Programmable Power-On Reset Delay; Low Noise Version Available (LP2988) General Description Features The LP2987/8 are fixed-output 200 mA precision LDO voltage regulators with power-ON reset delay which can be implemented using a single external capacitor. n n n n n n n n n n n n The LP2988 is specifically designed for noise-critical applications. A single external capacitor connected to the Bypass pin reduces regulator output noise. Using an optimized VIP™ (Vertically Integrated PNP) process, these regulators deliver superior performance: Dropout Voltage: 180 mV @ 200 mA load, and 1 mV @ 1 mA load (typical). Ground Pin Current: 1 mA @ 200 mA load, and 200 µA @ 10 mA load (typical). Sleep Mode: The LP2987/8 draws less than 2 µA quiescent current when shutdown pin is held low. Error Flag/Reset: The error flag goes low when the output drops approximately 5% below nominal. This pin also provides a power-ON reset signal if a capacitor is connected to the DELAY pin. Precision Output: Standard product versions of the LP2987 and LP2988 are available with output voltages of 5.0V, 3.8V, 3.3V, 3.2V, 3.0V, or 2.8V, with guaranteed accuracy of 0.5% (“A” grade) and 1% (standard grade) at room temperature. Ultra low dropout voltage Power-ON reset delay requires only one component Bypass pin for reduced output noise (LP2988) Guaranteed continuous output current 200 mA Guaranteed peak output current > 250 mA SO-8 and mini SO-8 surface mount packages < 2 µA quiescent current when shutdown Low ground pin current at all loads 0.5% output voltage accuracy (“A” grade) Wide supply voltage range (16V max) Overtemperature/overcurrent protection −40˚C to +125˚C junction temperature range Applications n Cellular Phone n Palmtop/Laptop Computer n Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera Block Diagrams DS100017-1 DS100017-2 VIP™ is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS100017 www.national.com LP2987/LP2988 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator with Programmable Power-On Reset Delay March 1999 Connection Diagram (LP2987) Surface Mount Packages: Mini SO-8 Package Type MM: See NS Package Drawing Number MUA08A SO-8 Package Type M: See NS Package Drawing Number M08A DS100017-3 Top View For ordering information, refer to Table 1 in this document. Ordering Information (LP2987) TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information Output Voltage Grade Order Information Package Marking Supplied as: 5 A LP2987AIMMX-5.0 L44A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2987AIMM-5.0 L44A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2987IMMX-5.0 L44B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2987IMM-5.0 L44B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 A LP2987AIMMX-3.8 L96A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 A LP2987AIMM-3.8 L96A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 STD LP2987IMMX-3.8 L96B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 STD LP2987IMM-3.8 L96B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2987AIMMX-3.3 L43A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2987AIMM-3.3 L43A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2987IMMX-3.3 L43B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2987IMM-3.3 L43B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 A LP2987AIMMX-3.2 L66A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 A LP2987AIMM-3.2 L66A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 STD LP2987IMMX-3.2 L66B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 STD LP2987IMM-3.2 L66B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2987AIMMX-3.0 L42A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2987AIMM-3.0 L42A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2987IMMX-3.0 L42B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2987IMM-3.0 L42B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 A LP2987AIMMX-2.8 L89A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 A LP2987AIMM-2.8 L89A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 STD LP2987IMMX-2.8 L89B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 STD LP2987IMM-2.8 L89B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2987AIMX-5.0 2987AIM5.0 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2987AIM-5.0 2987AIM5.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 5 STD LP2987IMX-5.0 2987IM5.0 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2987IM-5.0 2987IM5.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.8 A LP2987AIMX-3.8 2987AIM3.8 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 A LP2987AIM-3.8 2987AIM3.8 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.8 STD LP2987IMX-3.8 2987IM3.8 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 STD LP2987IM-3.8 2987IM3.8 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.3 A LP2987AIMX-3.3 2987AIM3.3 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2987AIM-3.3 2987AIM3.3 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails www.national.com 2 Ordering Information (LP2987) (Continued) TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information (Continued) Output Voltage Grade Order Information Package Marking Supplied as: 3.3 STD LP2987IMX-3.3 2987IM3.3 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2987IM-3.3 2987IM3.3 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.2 A LP2987AIMX-3.2 2987AIM3.2 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 A LP2987AIM-3.2 2987AIM3.2 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.2 STD LP2987IMX-3.2 2987IM3.2 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 STD LP2987AIM-3.2 2987IM3.2 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.0 A LP2987IMX-3.0 2987AIM3.0 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2987AIM-3.0 2987AIM3.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.0 STD LP2987IMX-3.0 2987IM3.0 2.5 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2987IM-3.0 2987IM3.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2.8 A LP2987AIMX-2.8 2987AIM2.8 2.5 Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 A LP2987AIM-2.8 2987AIM2.8 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2.8 STD LP2987IMX-2.8 2987IM2.8 2.5 Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 STD LP298AIM-2.8 298AIM2.8 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3 www.national.com Connection Diagram (LP2988) Surface Mount Packages: Mini SO-8 Package Type MM: See NS Package Drawing Number MUA08A SO-8 Package Type M: See NS Package Drawing Number M08A DS100017-16 Top View For ordering information, refer to Table 2 in this document. Ordering Information (LP2988) TABLE 2. Package Marking and Ordering Information Output Voltage Grade Order Information Package Marking Supplied as: 5 A LP2988AIMMX-5.0 L51A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2988AIMM-5.0 L51A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2988IMMX-5.0 L51B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2988IMM-5.0 L51B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 A LP2988AIMMX-3.8 L0AA 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 A LP2988AIMM-3.8 L0AA 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 STD LP2988IMMX-3.8 L0AB 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 STD LP2988IMM-3.8 L0AB 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2988AIMMX-3.3 L50A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2988AIMM-3.3 L50A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2988IMMX-3.3 L50B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2988IMM-3.3 L50B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 A LP2988AIMMX-3.2 L67A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 A LP2988AIMM-3.2 L67A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 STD LP2988IMMX-3.2 L67B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 STD LP2988IMM-3.2 L67B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2988AIMMX-3.0 L49A 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2988AIMM-3.0 L49A 250 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2988IMMX-3.0 L49B 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2988IMM-3.0 L49B 250 Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 A LP2988AIMMX-2.8 L0IA 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 A LP2988AIMM-2.8 L0IA 250 Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 STD LP2988IMMX-2.8 L0IB 3.5k Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 STD LP2988IMM-2.8 L0IB 250 Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2988AIMX-5.0 2988AIM5.0 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2988AIM-5.0 2988AIM5.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 5 STD LP2988IMX-5.0 2988IM5.0 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2988IM-5.0 2988IM5.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.8 A LP2988AIMX-3.8 2988AIM3.8 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 A LP2988AIM-3.8 2988AIM3.8 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.8 STD LP2988IMX-3.8 2988IM3.8 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.8 STD LP2988IM-3.8 2988IM3.8 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.3 A LP2988AIMX-3.3 2988AIM3.3 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2988AIM-3.3 2988AIM3.3 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails www.national.com 4 Ordering Information (LP2988) (Continued) TABLE 2. Package Marking and Ordering Information (Continued) Output Voltage Grade Order Information Package Marking Supplied as: 3.3 STD LP2988IMX-3.3 2988IM3.3 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2988IM-3.3 2988IM3.3 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.2 A LP2988AIMX-3.2 2988AIM3.2 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 A LP2988AIM-3.2 2988AIM3.2 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.2 STD LP2988IMX-3.2 2988IM3.2 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.2 STD LP2988IM-3.2 2988IM3.2 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.0 A LP2988AIMX-3.0 2988AIM3.0 2.5k Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2988AIM-3.0 2988AIM3.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.0 STD LP2988IMX-3.0 2988IM3.0 2.5 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2988IM-3.0 2988IM3.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2.8 A LP2988AIMX-2.8 2988AIM2.8 2.5 Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 A LP2988AIM-2.8 2988AIM2.8 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2.8 STD LP2988IMX-2.8 2988IM2.8 2.5 Units on Tape and Reel 2.8 STD LP2988IM-2.8 2988IM2.8 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 5 www.national.com Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Input Supply Voltage (Operating) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. −0.3V to +6V −65˚C to +150˚C Operating Junction Temperature Range Output Voltage (Survival) (Note 4) −40˚C to +125˚C IOUT (Survival) −0.3V to +16V Short Circuit Protected Input-Output Voltage (Survival) (Note 5) 260˚C ESD Rating (Note 2) −0.3V to +16V Sense Pin Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 seconds) 2.1V to +16V Shutdown Pin −0.3V to +16V 2 kV Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited Input Supply Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V Electrical Characteristics Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25˚C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, VS/D = 2V. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical LM2987/8AI-X.X (Note 6) Min ∆VO VIN–VO Output Voltage Tolerance 0.1 mA < IL < 200 mA Output Voltage Line Regulation VO(NOM) + 1V ≤ VIN ≤ 16V Dropout Voltage (Note 7) IL = 100 µA IGND Ground Pin Current 0.5 −1.0 1.0 0.8 −1.6 1.6 −1.8 1.8 −2.8 2.8 0.007 180 IL = 100 µA 100 IL = 75 mA 500 IL = 200 mA 1 Units Max −0.5 90 IL = 200 mA Min −0.8 1 IL = 75 mA Max LM2987/8I-X.X (Note 6) 0.014 0.014 0.032 0.032 2.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 120 120 170 170 230 230 350 350 120 120 150 150 800 800 1400 1400 2.1 2.1 3.7 3.7 %VNOM %/V mV µA mA VS/D < 0.3V 0.05 IO(PK) Peak Output Current VOUT ≥ VO(NOM) − 5% 400 IO(MAX) Short Circuit Current RL = 0 (Steady State) (Note 10) 400 en LP2987 Output Noise Voltage (RMS) BW = 300 Hz to 50 kHz, VOUT = 3.3V COUT = 10 µF 100 LP2988 Output Noise Voltage (RMS) BW = 300 Hz to 50 kHz, VOUT = 3.3V COUT = 10 µF CBYPASS = .01 µF 20 Ripple Rejection f = 1 kHz, COUT = 10 µF CBYP = 0 (LP2988) 65 dB 20 ppm/˚C Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient www.national.com 1.5 250 1.5 µA 250 mA µV(RMS) (Note 9) 6 Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25˚C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, VS/D = 2V. Symbol IDELAY Parameter Conditions Typical Delay Pin Current Source 2.2 LM2987/8AI-X.X (Note 6) LM2987/8I-X.X (Note 6) Min Max Min Max 1.6 2.8 1.6 2.8 1.4 3.0 1.4 3.0 Units µA SHUTDOWN INPUT VS/D IS/D S/D Input Voltage (Note 8) S/D Input Current VH = O/P ON 1.4 VL = O/P OFF 0.55 1.6 0.18 1.6 0.18 VS/D = 0 0 −1 −1 VS/D = 5V 5 15 15 1 1 2 2 220 220 350 350 V µA ERROR COMPARATOR IOH VOL Output “HIGH” Leakage Output “LOW” Voltage VOH = 16V 0.01 VIN = VO(NOM) − 0.5V, IO(COMP) = 300 µA 150 VTHR (MAX) Upper Threshold Voltage −4.6 VTHR (MIN) Lower Threshold Voltage −6.6 HYST Hysteresis 2.0 µA −5.5 −3.5 −5.5 −3.5 −7.7 −2.5 −7.7 −2.5 −8.9 −4.9 −8.9 −4.9 −13.0 −3.3 −13.0 −3.3 mV %VOUT Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. Note 2: The ESD rating of the Bypass pin is 500V (LP2988 only.) Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJ−A, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: The value of θJ−A for the SO-8 (M) package is 160˚C/W, and the mini SO-8 (MM) package is 200˚C/W. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LM2987/8 output must be diode-clamped to ground. Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the VIN and VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Forcing the output above the input will turn on this diode and may induce a latch-up mode which can damage the part (see Application Hints). Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25˚C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National’s Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential. Note 8: To prevent mis-operation, the Shutdown input must be driven by a signal that swings above VH and below VL with a slew rate not less than 40 mV/µs (see Application Hints). Note 9: Temperature coefficient is defined as the maximum (worst-case) change divided by the total temperature range. Note 10: See Typical Performance Characteristics curves. 7 www.national.com Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. VOUT vs Temperature Dropout Voltage vs Temperature DS100017-17 Dropout Voltage vs Load Current DS100017-18 Dropout Characteristics DS100017-19 Ground Pin Current vs Temperature and Load DS100017-20 Ground Pin Current vs Load Current DS100017-21 www.national.com DS100017-22 8 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Input Current vs VIN Input Current vs VIN DS100017-24 DS100017-23 Load Transient Response Load Transient Response DS100017-25 Line Transient Response DS100017-26 Line Transient Response DS100017-27 DS100017-28 9 www.national.com Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Turn-On Waveform Turn-On Waveform DS100017-30 DS100017-29 Short Circuit Current Short Circuit Current DS100017-31 Short Circuit Current vs Output Voltage DS100017-32 Instantaneous Short Circuit Current vs Temperature DS100017-34 DS100017-33 www.national.com 10 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Shutdown Pin Current vs Shutdown Pin Voltage DC Load Regulation DS100017-36 DS100017-35 Shutdown Voltage vs Temperature Input to Output Leakage vs Temperature DS100017-37 Delay Pin Current vs VIN DS100017-38 Delay Pin Current vs Delay Pin Voltage DS100017-45 DS100017-48 11 www.national.com Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Delay Sink Current vs Temperature Delay Sink Current vs Temperature DS100017-47 Output Impedance vs Frequency DS100017-46 Output Impedance vs Frequency DS100017-40 Ripple Rejection (LP2987) DS100017-41 Ripple Rejection (LP2988) DS100017-42 DS100017-51 www.national.com 12 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Output Noise Voltage (LP2988) Output Noise Density (LP2987) DS100017-44 DS100017-39 Output Noise Density (LP2988) Output Noise Density (LP2988) DS100017-52 Turn-On Time (LP2988) DS100017-53 Turn-On Time (LP2988) DS100017-55 DS100017-54 13 www.national.com Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25˚C, COUT = 4.7 µF, CIN = 2.2 µF, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Turn-On Time (LP2988) DS100017-56 Basic Application Circuits DS100017-5 DS100017-6 *Capacitance value shown is minimum required to assure stability, but may be increased without limit. Larger output capacitor provides improved dynamic response. **Shutdown must be actively terminated (see Application Hints). Tie to INPUT (pin 4) if not used. www.national.com 14 quired amount of output capacitance is provided over the full operating temperature range. A good Tantalum capacitor will show very little variation with temperature, but a ceramic may not be as good (see next section). The output capacitor should be located not more than 0.5” from the output pin and returned to a clean analog ground. Application Hints EXTERNAL CAPACITORS As with any low-dropout regulator, external capacitors are required to assure stability. These capacitors must be correctly selected for proper performance. INPUT CAPACITOR: An input capacitor (≥ 2.2 µF) is required between the LP2987/8 input and ground (amount of capacitance may be increased without limit). CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS TANTALUM: A solid tantalum capacitor is the best choice for the output capacitor on the LM2987/8. Available from many sources, their typical ESR is very close to the ideal value required on the output of many LDO regulators. Tantalums also have good temperature stability: a 4.7 µF was tested and showed only a 10% decline in capacitance as the temperature was decreased from +125˚C to −40˚C. The ESR increased only about 2:1 over the same range of temperature. This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 0.5” from the input pin and returned to a clean analog ground. Any good quality ceramic or tantalum may be used for this capacitor. OUTPUT CAPACITOR: The output capacitor must meet the requirement for minimum amount of capacitance and also have an appropriate E.S.R. (equivalent series resistance) value. Curves are provided which show the allowable ESR range as a function of load current for 3V and 5V outputs. However, it should be noted that the increasing ESR at lower temperatures present in all tantalums can cause oscillations when marginal quality capacitors are used (where the ESR of the capacitor is near the upper limit of the stability range at room temperature). CERAMIC: The ESR of ceramic capacitor can be low enough to cause an LDO regulator to oscillate: a 2.2 µF ceramic was measured and found to have an ESR of 15 mΩ. If a ceramic capacitor is to be used on the LP2987/8 output, a 1Ω resistor should be placed in series with the capacitor to provide a minimum ESR for the regulator. A disadvantage of ceramic capacitors is that their capacitance varies a lot with temperature: Large ceramic capacitors are typically manufactured with the Z5U temperature characteristic, which results in the capacitance dropping by 50% as the temperature goes from 25˚C to 80˚C. This means you have to buy a capacitor with twice the minimum COUT to assure stable operation up to 80˚C. ALUMINUM: The large physical size of aluminum electrolytics makes them unsuitable for most applications. Their ESR characteristics are also not well suited to the requirements of LDO regulators. The ESR of a typical aluminum electrolytic is higher than a tantalum, and it also varies greatly with temperature. A typical aluminum electrolytic can exhibit an ESR increase of 50X when going from 20˚C to −40˚C. Also, some aluminum electrolytics can not be used below −25˚C because the electrolyte will freeze. ESR Curves For 5V Output DS100017-7 ESR Curves For 3V Output POWER-ON RESET DELAY A power-on reset function can be easily implemented using the LP2987/8 by adding a single external capacitor to the Delay pin. The Error output provides the power-on reset signal when input power is applied to the regulator. The reset signal stays low for a pre-set time period after power is applied to the regulator, and then goes high (see Timing Diagram below). DS100017-8 IMPORTANT: The output capacitor must maintain its ESR in the stable region over the full operating temperature range of the application to assure stability. The minimum required amount of output capacitance is 4.7 µF. Output capacitor size can be increased without limit. It is important to remember that capacitor tolerance and variation with temperature must be taken into consideration when selecting an output capacitor so that the minimum re- 15 www.national.com Application Hints (Continued) DS100017-9 Timing Diagram for Power-Up The external capacitor cDLY sets the delay time (TDELAY). The value of capacitor required for a given time delay may be calculated using the formula: CDLY = TDELAY/(5.59 X 105) To simplify design, a plot is provided below which shows values of CDLY versus delay time. DS100017-10 LP2987/8 Equivalent Circuit The output of comparator U2 is the ERR/RESET flag. Since it is an open-collector output, it requires the use of a pull-up resistor (RP). The 1.23V reference is tied to the inverting input of U2, which means that its output is controlled by the voltage applied to the non-inverting input. The output of U1 (also an open-collector) will force the noninverting input of U2 to go low whenever the LP2987/8 regulated output drops about 5% below nominal. U1’s inverting input is also held at 1.23V. The other input samples the regulated output through a resistive divider (RA and RB). When the regulated output is at nominal voltage, the voltage at the divider tap point will be 1.23V. If this voltage drops about 60 mV below 1.23V, the output of U1 will go low forcing the output of U2 low (which is the ERROR state). Power-ON reset delay occurs when a capacitor (shown as CDLY) is connected to the Delay pin. At turn-ON, this capacitor is initially fully discharged (which means the voltage at the Delay pin is 0V). The output of U1 keeps CDLY fully discharged (by sinking the 2.2 µA from the current source) until the regulator output voltage comes up to within about 5% of nominal. At this point, U1’s output stops sinking current and the 2.2 µA starts charging up CDLY. When the voltage across CDLY reaches 1.23V, the output of U2 will go high (note that D1 limits the maximum voltage to about 2V). DS100017-11 Plot of CDLY vs TDELAY DETAILS OF ERR/RESET CIRCUIT OPERATION: (Refer to LP2987/8 Equivalent Circuit). SELECTING CDLY: The maximum recommended value for this capacitor is 1 µF. The capacitor must not have excessively high leakage current, since it is being charged from a 2.2 µA current source. Aluminum electrolytics can not be used, but good-quality tantalum, ceremic, mica, or film types will work. SHUTDOWN INPUT OPERATION The LP2987/8 is shut off by driving the Shutdown input low, and turned on by pulling it high. If this feature is not to be used, the Shutdown input should be tied to VIN to keep the regulator output on at all times. www.national.com 16 Application Hints Care must be taken to ensure that the capacitor selected for bypass will not have significant leakage current over the operating temperature range of the application. (Continued) To assure proper operation, the signal source used to drive the Shutdown input must be able to swing above and below the specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds listed as VH and VL, respectively (see Electrical Characteristics). It is also important that the turn-on (and turn-off) voltage signals applied to the Shutdown input have a slew rate which is not less than 40 mV/µs. A high quality ceramic capacitor which uses either NPO or COG type dielectiric material will typically have very low leakage. Small surface-mount polypropolene or polycarbonate film capacitors also have extremely low leakage, but are slightly larger in size than ceramics. CAUTION: the regulator output state can not be guaranteed if a slow-moving AC (or DC) signal is applied that is in the range between VH and VL. REVERSE INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE The PNP power transistor used as the pass element in the LP2987/8 has an inherent diode connected between the regulator output and input. During normal operation (where the input voltage is higher than the output) this diode is reverse-biased. However, if the output is pulled above the input, this diode will turn ON and current will flow into the regulator output. In such cases, a parasitic SCR can latch which will allow a high current to flow into VIN (and out the ground pin), which can damage the part. In any application where the output may be pulled above the input, an external Schottky diode must be connected from VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on VOUT), to limit the reverse voltage across the LP2987/8 to 0.3V (see Absolute Maximum Ratings). DS100017-49 BYPASS CAPACITOR (LP2988) The capacitor connected to the Bypass pin must have very low leakage. The current flowing out of the Bypass pin comes from the Bandgap reference, which is used to set the output voltage. Since the Bandgap circuit has only a few microamps flowing in it, loading effects due to leakage current will cause a change in the regulated output voltage. Curves are provided which show the effect of loading the Bypass pin on the regulated output voltage. DS100017-50 17 www.national.com Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Mini SO-8 Package Type MM NS Package Number MUA08A www.national.com 18 inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) SO-8 Package Type M NS Package Number M08A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 85 English Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 78 32 Français Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 93 58 Italiano Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-534 16 80 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. LP2987/LP2988 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator with Programmable Power-On Reset Delay Physical Dimensions