19-0147; Rev. 2; 6/98 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits Features The MAX792/MAX820 microprocessor (µP) supervisory circuits provide the most functions for power-supply and watchdog monitoring in systems without battery backup. Built-in features include the following: ♦ Manual-Reset Input 1) µP reset: Assertion of RESET and RESET outputs during power-up, power-down, and brownout conditions. RESET is guaranteed valid for VCC down to 1V. 2) Manual-reset input. ♦ On-Board Gating of Chip-Enable Signals 3) Two-stage power-fail warning: A separate low-line comparator compares VCC to a preset threshold 120mV above the reset threshold; the low-line and reset thresholds can be programmed externally. 4) Watchdog fault output: Assertion of WDO if the watchdog input is not toggled within a preset timeout period. 5) Pulsed watchdog output: Advance warning of impending WDO assertion from watchdog timeout that causes hardware shutdown. 6) Write protection of CMOS RAM, EEPROM, or other memory devices. The MAX792 and MAX820 are identical, except the MAX820 guarantees higher low-line and reset threshold accuracy (±2%). ♦ 200ms Power-OK / Reset Time Delay ♦ Independent Watchdog Timer—Preset or Adjustable ♦ Memory Write-Cycle Completion ♦ 10ns (max) Chip-Enable Gate Propagation Delay ♦ Voltage Monitor for Overvoltage Warning ♦ ±2% Reset and Low-Line Threshold Accuracy (MAX820, external programming mode) Ordering Information PART** TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX792_CPE 0°C to +70°C 16 Plastic DIP MAX792_CSE MAX792_C/D 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 16 Narrow SO Dice* Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet. * Dice are tested at TA = +25°C, DC parameters only. **These parts offer a choice of five different reset threshold voltages. Select the letter corresponding to the desired nominal reset threshold voltage and insert it into the blank to complete the part number. Applications Computers Controllers Intelligent Instruments Critical µP Power Monitoring SUFFIX RESET THRESHOLD (V) L M T S R 4.62 4.37 3.06 2.91 2.61 Typical Operating Circuit VCC 0.1µF 3 VCC 4 CE OUT VCC 13 RESET IN/INT µP MAX792 5 RAM CE IN LLIN/ REFOUT OVO LOW LINE 7 8 RESET OVI MR SWT GND 12 14 ADDRESS DECODER A0-A15 6 10 1 NMI RESET 9 GND ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. For small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769. MAX792/MAX820 General Description MAX792/MAX820 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage (with respect to GND) VCC .......................................................................-0.3V to +6V All Other Inputs.......................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Input Current GND ................................................................................25mA All Other Outputs ............................................................25mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) Plastic DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C) ..........842mW Narrow SO (derate 9.52mW/°C above +70°C) ............762mW CERDIP (derate 10.00mW/°C above +70°C) ...............800mW Operating Temperature Ranges: MAX792_C__/MAX820_C__ ................................0°C to +70°C MAX792_E__/MAX820_E__ .............................-40°C to +85°C MAX792_MJE__/MAX820_MJE__ ..................-55°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 2.65V to 5.5V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS Operating Voltage Range MIN TYP MAX UNITS 70 150 µA 2.65 V Supply Current RESET COMPARATOR Reset Threshold Voltage— Internal Threshold Mode (VTH) Reset Threshold Voltage External Threshold Mode (VTH) RESET IN/INT Mode Threshold (Note 2) MAX792L, MAX820L 4.50 4.62 4.75 MAX792M, MAX820M 4.25 4.37 4.50 MAX792R, MAX820R 2.55 2.61 2.70 MAX792S, MAX820S 2.85 2.91 3.00 MAX792T, MAX820T 3.00 3.06 MAX820L, TA = +25°C, VCC falling 4.55 4.70 MAX820M, TA = +25°C, VCC falling MAX820R, TA = +25°C, VCC falling (Note 1) MAX820S, TA = +25°C, VCC falling MAX820T, TA = +25°C, VCC falling MAX792, VCC = 5V or VCC = 3V MAX820, VCC = 5V or VCC = 3V 4.30 2.55 2.85 3.00 1.25 1.274 4.45 2.66 2.96 3.11 1.35 1.326 1.30 1.30 Internal threshold mode RESET Output Voltage RESET Output Voltage 2 140 V mV ±25 nA 0.016 x VTH 70 200 280 0.01 0.3 0.1 0.4 V µs ms ±0.01 VCC falling VCC rising ISINK = 50µA, VCC = 1V, VCC falling ISINK = 1.6mA ISOURCE = 1mA ISOURCE = 100µA ISINK = 1.6mA ISOURCE = 1mA ISOURCE = 100µA V 60 RESET IN/INT Leakage Current Reset Threshold Hysteresis Reset Comparator Delay Reset Active Timeout Period 3.15 VCC - 1 VCC - 0.5 0.1 V 0.4 VCC - 1 VCC - 0.5 _______________________________________________________________________________________ V Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits MAX792/MAX820 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 2.65V to 5.5V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS LOW-LINE COMPARATOR Low-Line Threshold Voltage (Internal Threshold Mode)—VTH MAX792/MAX820L/M 50 120 210 MAX792/MAX820R/S/T 40 100 210 Low-Line Threshold Voltage (External Programming Mode) MAX792, VCC = 5V OR VCC = 3V 1.25 1.30 1.35 MAX820, VCC = 5V OR VCC = 3V 1.274 1.30 1.326 Low-Line Hysteresis (Internal Threshold Mode) 20 LLIN/REFOUT Leakage Current External Programming Mode Low-Line Comparator Delay ±0.01 VCC falling LOWLINE Voltage ISOURCE = 1µA LOWLINE Short-Circuit Current ±25 nA µs 0.4 VCC - 1 Output source current, VCC = 5.5V V mV 450 ISINK = 3.2mA mV V 10 50 µA 1.60 1.60 2.25 2.25 sec WATCHDOG FUNCTION SWT connected to VCC, VCC = 5V SWT connected to VCC, VCC = 3V Watchdog Timeout Period Watchdog Input Pulse Width WDO Output Voltage 1.00 1.00 4.7nF capacitor connected from SWT to GND, VCC = 3V 70 4.7nF capacitor connected from SWT to GND, VCC = 5V 100 VCC = 5V VCC = 3V ISINK = 50µA, VCC = 1V, VCC falling ISINK = 1.6mA ISOURCE = 1mA ISOURCE = 100µA VIL = 0V, VIH = VCC ms 100 300 0.01 0.1 70 WDPO Duration 0.5 WDI Threshold Voltage WDI Input Current 0.30 0.4 VCC - 1 VCC - 0.5 WDPO to WDO Delay WDPO Output Voltage ns ISINK = 50µA, VCC = 1V, VCC falling ISINK = 1.6mA ISOURCE = 1mA ISOURCE = 100µA VIH VCC = 4.25V VIL VIH VCC = 2.55V VIL V ns 1.7 6.0 0.01 0.1 0.3 0.4 VCC - 1 VCC - 0.5 0.75 x VCC 0.8 0.9 x VCC 0.2 ±1 ms V V µA _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX792/MAX820 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 2.65V to 5.5V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 1.30 1.35 V ±0.01 ±25 nA OVERVOLTAGE COMPARATOR OVI Input Threshold VCC = 5V or VCC = 3V 1.25 OVI Leakage Current OVO Output Voltage OVO Short-Circuit Current OVI to OVO Delay ISINK = 3.2mA 0.4 ISOURCE = 1µA VCC - 1 Output source current, VCC = 5.5V 10 VOD = 100mV, OVI rising 13 VOD = 100mV, OVI falling 55 50 V µA µs CHIP-ENABLE GATING VCC = 4.25V CE IN Threshold Voltage VCC = 2.55V CE IN Leakage Current VIH VIL VIH VIL 0.75 x VCC 0.8 0.75 x VCC 0.2 Disabled mode CE IN to CE OUT Resistance Enabled mode CE OUT Short-Circuit Current Disabled mode, CEOUT = 0V Chip-Enable Propagation Delay (Note 3) 50Ω source impedance driver, CLOAD = 50pF Chip-Enable Output Voltage High (Reset Active) IOUT = -100µA IOUT = 10µA Reset Active to CE OUT High VCC falling V ±0.005 ±1 µA 75 150 Ω 0.2 150 300 2.5 0.4 VCC = 5V 6 10 VCC = 3V 8 13 VCC = 5V VCC = 3V VCC = 5V VCC = 3V 0.5 0.05 VCC - 1 VCC - 0.5 mA ns V 15 µs MANUAL RESET MR Minimum Pulse Width 25 MR to RESET Propagation Delay 12 MR Threshold Range MR Pull-Up Current µs MR = 0V µs 1.1 1.3 1.5 VCC = 4.25V to VCC = 5.5V 5 23 80 VCC = 2.5V 1 V µA Note 1: The minimum operating voltage is 2.65V; however, the device is guaranteed to operate down to its preset reset threshold. Note 2: Pulling RESET IN/INT below 60mV selects internal threshold mode and connects the internal voltage divider to the reset and low-line comparators. External programming mode allows an external resistor divider to set the low-line and reset thresholds (see Figure 4). Note 3: The Chip-Enable Propagation delay is measured from the 50% point at CE IN to the 50% point at CE OUT. 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits OVERVOLTAGE COMPARATOR PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE 50 VCC = 3V 40 30 20 50 40 VIH TO VOL VIN = 20mV OVERDRIVE = 15mV VCC = 2V 10 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 -60 -30 0 30 70 60 50 VCC FALLING 15mV OVERDRIVE EXTERNAL PROGRAMMING MODE 40 30 0 60 90 120 150 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) LOW-LINE COMPARATOR PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE POWER-UP RESET DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE NOMINAL WATCHDOG TIMEOUT PERIOD vs. VCC 300 MAX792-3a 600 250 500 VCC = 5V 200 DELAY (ms) PROPAGATION DELAY (µs) 60 400 300 VCC = 3V 200 100 VCC FALLING 15mV OVERDRIVE EXTERNAL PROGRAMMING MODE 100 -60 -30 150 0 30 60 90 TEMPERATURE (°C) 120 50 0 150 150 3.0 MAX792-5 60 VCC = 4V MAX792-4 70 NOMINAL WATCHDOG TIMEOUT PERIOD (sec) SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 80 80 MAX792-2 VCC = 5V 70 PROPAGATION DELAY (µs) SWT = VCC ALL OUTPUTS UNLOADED MAX792-1 90 PROPAGATION DELAY (µs) 100 RESET COMPARATOR PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE MAX792-3 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 TEMPERATURE (°C) 120 150 2 4 3 5 VCC (V) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX792/MAX820 __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) ____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) INTERNAL-MODE RESET THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE (NORMALIZED) REF OUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE ON-RESISTANCE (Ω) 1.31 REF OUT (V) 1.000 0.975 1.30 1.29 1.28 1.27 THE RESET THRESHOLD IS SHOWN NORMALIZED TO 1, REPRESENTING ALL AVAILABLE MAX792/MAX820 0.925 0.900 -30 0 30 60 90 1.26 RESET IN / INT = 0V 120 150 -30 0 30 60 90 120 60 VCC = 5V VCE IN = 2.5V 20 -60 -30 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 30 60 20 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 10k VCC = 5V VCC = 3V 100 10 VCC = +5V VCE IN = 0V TO 5V DRIVER SOURCE IMPEDANCE = 50Ω 15 10 5 0 1n 10n 100n CSWT (F) 1m 90 TEMPERATURE (°C) CHIP-ENABLE PROPAGATION DELAY vs. CE OUT LOAD CAPACITANCE MAX792-10 100k WATCHDOG TIMEOUT PERIOD (ms) 80 150 WATCHDOG TIMEOUT PERIOD vs. SWT LOAD CAPACITANCE 6 100 0 -60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1k 120 40 1.25 -60 VCC = 3V VCE IN = 1.5V 140 MAX792-11 0.950 180 160 1.050 1.025 MAX792-8 1.32 1.075 200 MAX792-7 1.100 CHIP-ENABLE ON-RESISTANCE vs. TEMPERATURE 1.33 MAX792-6 1.125 RESET THRESHOLD MAX792/MAX820 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 CLOAD (pF) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 120 150 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 RESET Active-Low Reset Output goes low whenever VCC falls below the reset threshold in internal threshold programming mode, or RESET IN falls below 1.30V in external threshold programming mode. RESET remains low for 200ms typ after the threshold is exceeded on power-up. 2 RESET Reset is the inverse of RESET. 3 VCC 4 RESET IN/INT Reset-Input/Internal-Mode Select. Connect this input to GND to select internal threshold mode. Select external programming mode by pulling this input 600mV or higher through an external voltage divider. 5 LLIN/REF OUT Low-Line Input/Reference Output connects directly to the low-line comparator in external programming mode (RESET IN/INT ≥ 600mV). Connects directly to the internal 1.30V reference in internal threshold mode (RESET IN/INT ≤60mV). 6 OVO Overvoltage Comparator Output goes low when OVI is greater than 1.30V. This is an uncommitted comparator and has no effect on any other internal circuitry. 7 OVI Inverting Input to the Overvoltage Comparator. When OVI is greater than 1.30V, OVO goes low. Connect OVI to GND or VCC when not used. 8 SWT Set Watchdog-Timeout Input. Connect this input to VCC to select the default 1.6sec watchdog timeout period. Connect a capacitor between this input and GND to select another watchdogtimeout period. Watchdog timeout period = k x (capacitor value in nF)mV, where k = 27 for VCC = 5V and k = 16.2 for VCC = 3V. If the watchdog function is unused, connect SWT to VCC. 9 MR Manual-Reset Input. This input can be tied to an external momentary pushbutton switch, or to a logic gate output. Internally pulled up to VCC. 10 LOW LINE Low-Line Output. LOW LINE goes low 120mV above the reset threshold in internal threshold mode, or when LLIN/REFOUT goes below 1.30V in external programming mode. 11 WDI Watchdog Input. If WDI remains either high or low for longer than the watchdog timeout period, WDPO pulses low and WDO goes low. WDO remains low until the next transition at WDI. Connect to GND or VCC if unused. 12 GND Ground 13 CE OUT Chip-Enable Output. CE OUT goes low only when CE IN is low and reset is not asserted. If CE IN is low when reset is asserted, CE OUT will stay low for 15µs or until CE IN goes high, whichever occurs first. 14 CE IN Chip-Enable Input—the input to the chip-enable transmission gate. Connect to GND or VCC if not used. 15 WDO Watchdog Output. WDO goes low if WDI remains either high or low longer than the watchdog timeout period. WDO returns high on the next transition at WDI. 16 WDPO Input Supply Voltage Watchdog-Pulse Output. Upon the absence of a transition at WDI, WDPO will pulse low for a minimum of 500µs. WDPO precedes WDO by typically 70ns. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX792/MAX820 ______________________________________________________________Pin Description MAX792/MAX820 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits Detailed Description Manual-Reset Input Many µP-based products require manual-reset capability, allowing the operator to initiate a reset. The manual/external-reset input (MR) can connect directly to a switch without an external pull-up resistor or debouncing network. MR internally connects to a 1.30V comparator, and has a high-impedance pull-up to VCC, as shown in Figure 1. The propagation delay from asserting MR to reset asserted is typically 12µs. Pulsing MR low for a minimum of 25µs asserts the reset function (see Reset Function section). The reset output remains active as long as MR is held low, and the reset timeout period begins after MR returns high (Figure 2). To provide extra noise immunity in high-noise environments, pull MR up to VCC with a 100kΩ resistor. Use MR as either a digital logic input or as a second lowline comparator. Normal TTL/CMOS levels can be wire-OR connected via pull-down diodes (Figure 3), and open-drain/collector outputs can be wire-ORed directly. Monitoring the Regulated Supply The MAX792/MAX820 offer two modes for monitoring the regulated supply and providing reset and nonmaskable interrupt (NMI) signals to the µP: internal threshold mode uses the factory preset low-line and reset thresholds, and external programming mode allows the low-line and reset thresholds to be programmed externally using a resistor voltage divider (Figure 4). Internal Threshold Mode Connecting the reset-input/internal-mode select pin (RESET IN/INT) to ground selects internal threshold mode (Figure 4a). In this mode, the low-line and reset thresholds are factory preset by an internal voltage divider (Figure 1) to the threshold voltages specified in the Electrical Characteristics (Reset Threshold Voltage and Low-Line Threshold Voltage). Connect the low-line output (LOWLINE) to the µP NMI pin, and connect the active-high reset output (RESET) or active-low reset output (RESET) to the µP reset input pin. Additionally, the low-line input/reference-output pin (LLIN/REFOUT) connects to the internal 1.30V reference in internal threshold mode. Buffer LLIN/REFOUT with a high-impedance buffer to use it with external circuitry. In this mode, when VCC is falling, LOWLINE is guaranteed to be asserted prior to reset assertion. 8 External Programming Mode Connecting RESET IN/INT to a voltage above 600mV selects external programming mode. In this mode, the low-line and reset comparators disconnect from the internal voltage divider and connect to LLIN/REFOUT and RESET IN/INT, respectively (Figure 1). This mode allows flexibility in determining where in the operating voltage range the NMI and reset are generated. Set the low-line and reset thresholds with an external resistor divider, as in Figure 4b or Figure 4c. RESET typically remains valid for VCC down to 2.5V; RESET is guaranteed to be valid with VCC down to 1V. Calculate the values for the resistor voltage divider in Figure 4b using the following equations: 1) R3 = (1.30 x VCC MAX)/(VLOW LINE x IMAX) 2) R2 = [(1.30 x VCC MAX)/(VRESET x IMAX)] - R3 3) R1 = (VCC MAX/IMAX) - (R2 + R3). First choose the desired maximum current through the voltage divider (IMAX) when VCC is at its highest (VCC MAX). There are two things to consider here. First, IMAX contributes to the overall supply current for the circuit, so you would generally make it as small as possible. Second, IMAX cannot be too small or leakage currents will adversely affect the programmed threshold voltages; 5µA is often appropriate. Determine R3 after you have chosen IMAX. Use the value for R3 to determine R2, then use both R2 and R3 to determine R1. For example, to program a 4.75V low-line threshold and a 4.4V reset threshold, first choose IMAX to be 5µA when VCC = 5.5V and substitute into equation 1. R3 = (1.30 x 5.5)/(4.75 x 5E-6) = 301.05kΩ. 301kΩ is the nearest standard 0.1% value. Substitute into equation 2: R2 = [(1.30 x 5.5)/(4.4 x 5E-6)] - 301kΩ = 23.95kΩ. The nearest 0.1% resistor value is 23.7kΩ. Finally, substitute into equation 3: R1 = (5.5/5E-6) - (23.7kΩ + 301kΩ) = 775kΩ. The nearest 0.1% value resistor is 787kΩ. Determine the actual low-line threshold by rearranging equation 1 and plugging in the standard resistor values. The actual lowline threshold is 4.75V and the actual reset threshold is 4.40V. An additional resistor allows the MAX792/MAX820 to monitor the unregulated supply and provide an NMI before the regulated supply begins to fall (Figure 4c). Both of these thresholds will vary from circuit to circuit with resistor tolerance, reference variation, and comparator offset variation. The initial thresholds for each circuit will also vary with temperature due to reference and offset drift. For highest accuracy, use the MAX820. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits 3 2 VCC RESET IN/ INT * 4 MAX792/MAX820 VCC RESET RESET COMPARATOR RESET GENERATOR 1 RESET VCC LLIN/ REFOUT MR 5 10 VCC VCC LOW-LINE COMPARATOR CHIP-ENABLE OUTPUT CONTROL VCC 9 LOW LINE P MANUAL RESET COMPARATOR 1.30V VCC INTERNAL/ EXTERNAL MODE CONTROL 60mV INTERNAL EXTERNAL CE IN P 13 14 TIMEBASE FOR RESET AND WATCHDOG 16 SWT WDI 8 WATCHDOG TIMER 11 WATCHDOG TRANSITION DETECTOR VCC OVERVOLTAGE COMPARATOR OVI CE OUT N 15 WDPO WDO MAX792 MAX820 6 OVO 7 12 GND * SWITCHES ARE SHOWN IN INTERNAL THRESHOLD MODE POSITION Figure 1. Block Diagram _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX792/MAX820 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits VIN 25µs MIN MR 3 VCC 12µs TYP RESET 4 RESET IN/INT RESET 2 TO µP RESET 1 TO µP 10 TO µP NMI CE IN OV 5 CE OUT 15µs TYP MAX792 LLIN/REFOUT LOW LINE Figure 2. Manual-Reset Timing Diagram GND 12 MANUAL RESET 9 MR Figure 4a. Connection for Internal Threshold Mode * OTHER RESET SOURCES * . . . VIN MAX792 MAX820 3 R1 RESET IN/INT * DIODES NOT REQUIRED ON OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUTS Figure 3. Diode "OR" connections allow multiple reset sources to connect to MR. Low-Line Output In internal threshold mode, the low-line comparator monitors VCC with a threshold voltage typically 120mV above the reset threshold, and with 15mV of hysteresis. For normal operation (VCC above the reset threshold), LOWLINE is pulled to VCC. Use LOWLINE to provide an NMI to the µP, as described in the previous section, when VCC begins to fall (Figure 4). Reset Function The MAX792/MAX820 provide both RESET and RESET outputs. The RESET and RESET outputs ensure that the µP powers up in a known state, and prevent code-execution errors during power-up, power-down, or brownout conditions. The reset function will be asserted during the following conditions: 1) VCC less than the programmed reset threshold. 2) MR less than 1.30V typ. 3) Reset remains asserted for 200ms typ after VCC rises above the reset threshold or after MR has exceeded 1.30V typ. 10 VCC R2 RESET 2 TO µP 1 TO µP 10 TO µP NMI MAX792 LLIN/REFOUT RESET R3 LOW LINE GND 12 R3 = 1.30V x VCC MAX VLOW LINE x IMAX R2 = 1.30V x VCC MAX – R3 VRESET x IMAX IMAX = THE MAXIMUM DESIRED CURRENT THROUGH THE VOLTAGE DIVIDED. R1 = VCC MAX – (R2 + R3) IMAX Figure 4b. Connection for External Threshold Programming Mode When reset is asserted, all the internal counters are reset, the watchdog output (WDO) and watchdog-pulse output (WDPO) are set high, and the set watchdog-timeout input (SWT) is set to (VCC - 0.6V) if it is not already connected to V CC (for internal timeouts). The chipenable transmission gate is also disabled while reset is asserted; the chip-enable input (CE IN) becomes high impedance and the chip-enable output (CE OUT) is pulled up to VCC. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits RESET TO µP RESET 10k MAX792 MAX820 VCC R3 1 RESET IN/INT RESET 2 TO µP RESET 1 TO µP R1 MAX792 MAX820 R4 LLIN/REFOUT Figure 5. Adding an external pull-down resistor ensures RESET is valid with VCC down to GND. R2 LOW LINE 10 VLOW LINE = 1.3 ( R1R2+ R2 ) VRESET = 1.3 R3 + R4 ( R4 ) TO µP NMI GND VOLTAGE REGULATOR 3 VCC Figure 4c. Alternative Connection for External Programming Mode Reset Outputs (RESET and RESET) The RESET output is active low and typically sinks 1.6mA at 0.1V. When deasserted, RESET sources 1.6mA at typically VCC - 1.5V. The RESET output is the inverse of RESET. RESET is guaranteed to be valid down to VCC = 1V, and an external 10kΩ pull-down resistor on RESET ensures that it will be valid with V CC down to GND (Figure 5). As VCC goes below 1V, the gate drive to the RESET output switch reduces accordingly, increasing the rDS(ON) and the saturation voltage. The 10kΩ pull-down resistor ensures that the parallel combination of switch plus resistor will be around 10kΩ and the saturation voltage will be below 0.4V while sinking 40µA. When using an external pull-down resistor of 10kΩ, the high state for the RESET output with VCC = 4.75V is typically 4.60V. Overvoltage Comparator The overvoltage comparator is an uncommitted comparator that has no effect on the operation of other chip functions. Use this input to provide overvoltage indication by connecting a voltage divider from the input supply, as in Figure 6. Connect OVI to ground if the overvoltage function is not used. OVO goes low when OVI goes above 1.30V. With OVI below 1.30V, OVO is actively pulled to VCC and can source1µA. MAX792 MAX820 7 OVI OVO 6 OVERVOLTAGE 1.30V GND 12 Figure 6. Detecting an Overvoltage Condition Watchdog Function The watchdog monitors µP activity via the watchdog input (WDI). If the µP becomes inactive, WDO and WDPO are asserted. To use the watchdog function, connect WDI to a µP bus line or I/O line. If WDI remains high or low for longer than the watchdog timeout period (1.6sec nominal), WDPO and WDO are asserted, indicating a software fault condition (see Watchdog-Pulse Output and Watchdog Output sections). Watchdog Input If the watchdog function is unused, connect WDI to VCC or GND. A change of state (high-to-low, low-to-high, or a minimum 100ns pulse) at WDI during the watchdog period resets the watchdog timer. The watchdog timer ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX792/MAX820 REGULATOR MAX792/MAX820 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits 1.6sec MIN 100ns (VCC = 5V) MIN 300ns (VCC = 3V) VCC WDI 3 VCC 0.1µF VCC WDPO µP POWER MAX792 MAX820 70ns WDO RESET WDI WDPO VCC = 5V 9 Figure 7. WDI, WDO and WDPO Timing Diagram GND 12 +5V default is 1.6sec. Select alternative timeout periods by connecting an external capacitor from SWT to GND (see Selecting an Alternative Watchdog Timeout section). When VCC is below the reset threshold, the watchdog function is disabled. Watchdog Output WDO remains high if there is a transition or pulse at WDI during the watchdog timeout period. The watchdog function is disabled and WDO is a logic high when VCC is below the reset threshold. If a system reset is desired on every watchdog fault, simply diode-OR connect WDO to MR (Figure 8). When a watchdog fault occurs in this mode, WDO goes low, pulling MR low and causing a reset pulse to be issued. As soon as reset is asserted, the watchdog timer clears and WDO goes high. With WDO connected to MR, a continuous high or low on WDI will cause 200ms reset pulses to be issued every 1.6sec (SWT connected to V CC). When reset is not asserted, if no transition occurs at WDI during the watchdog timeout period, WDO goes low 70ns after the falling edge of WDPO and remains low until the next transition at WDI (Figure 7). A single additional flip-flop can force the system into a hardware shutdown if there are two successive watchdog faults (Figure 8). When the MAX792/MAX820 are operated from a 5V supply, WDO has a 2 x TTL output characteristic. Watchdog-Pulse Output As described in the preceding section, WDPO can be used as the clock input to an external D flip-flop. Upon the absence of a watchdog edge or pulse at WDI at the end of a watchdog timeout period, WDPO will pulse low for 1.7ms. The falling edge of WDPO precedes WDO by 70ns. Since WDO is high when WDPO goes low, the flipflop’s Q output remains high after WDO goes low (Figure 8). If the watchdog timer is not reset by a transition at 12 WDO MR 1 RESET 11 I/O 16 15 D V CLOCK CC Q CLEAR * 0.1µF Q TWO CONSECUTIVE WATCHDOG FAULT INDICATION REACTIVATE 4.7k * FOR SYSTEM RESET ON EVERY WATCHDOG FAULT, OMIT THE FLIP-FLOP, AND DIODE–OR CONNECT WDO TO MR. Figure 8. Two consecutive watchdog faults latch the system in reset. WDI, WDO remains low and the next WDPO following a second watchdog timeout period clocks a logic low to the Q output, pulling MR low and causing the MAX792/MAX820 latch in reset. If the watchdog timer is reset by a transition at WDI, WDO will go high and the flip-flop’s Q output will remain high. Thus a system shutdown is only caused by two successive watchdog faults. Selecting an Alternative Watchdog Timeout Period The SWT input controls the watchdog timeout period. Connecting SWT to V CC selects the internal 1.6sec watchdog timeout period. Select an alternative watchdog timeout period by connecting a capacitor between SWT and GND. Do not leave SWT floating and do not connect it to ground. The following formula determines the watchdog timeout period: Watchdog Timeout Period = k x (capacitor value in nF)ms where k = 27 for VCC = 3V, and k = 16.2 for VCC = 5V. This applies for capacitor values in excess of 4.7nF. If the watchdog function is unused, connect SWT to VCC. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits MAX792/MAX820 Chip-Enable Signal Gating The MAX792/MAX820 provide internal gating of chipenable (CE) signals, which prevents erroneous data from corrupting CMOS RAM in the event of an undervoltage condition. The MAX792/MAX820 use a series transmission gate from CE IN to CE OUT (Figure 1). During normal operation (reset not asserted), the CE transmission gate is enabled and passes all CE transitions. When reset is asserted, this path becomes disabled, preventing erroneous data from corrupting the CMOS RAM. The 10ns max CE propagation delay from CE IN to CE OUT enables the MAX792/MAX820 to be used with most µPs. If CE IN is low when reset asserts, CE OUT remains low for a short period to permit completion of the current write cycle. VCC RESET THRESHOLD Chip-Enable Input The CE transmission gate is disabled and CE IN is high impedance (disabled mode) while reset is asserted. During a power-down sequence when VCC passes the reset threshold, the CE transmission gate disables and CE IN immediately becomes high impedance if the voltage at CE IN is high. If CE IN is low when reset is asserted, the CE transmission gate will disable at the moment CE IN goes high or 15µs after reset is asserted, whichever occurs first (Figure 9). This permits the current write cycle to complete during power-down. During a power-up sequence, the CE transmission gate remains disabled and CE IN remains high impedance regardless of CE IN activity, until reset is deasserted following the reset timeout period. While disabled, CE IN is high impedance. When the CE transmission gate is enabled, the impedance of CE IN will appear as a 75Ω (VCC = 5V) resistor in series with the load at CE OUT. The propagation delay through the CE transmission gate depends on VCC, the source impedance of the drive connected to CE IN, and the loading on CE OUT (see the Chip-Enable Propagation Delay vs. CE OUT Load Capacitance graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics). The CE propagation delay is production tested from the 50% point on CE IN to the 50% point on CE OUT using a 50Ω driver and 50pF of load capacitance (Figure 10). For minimum propagation delay, minimize the capacitive load at CE OUT, and use a low-output-impedance driver. Figure 9. Reset and Chip-Enable Timing CE IN CE OUT 15µs 70µs 70µs RESET RESET +5V 3 VCC 14 MAX792 MAX820 CE IN CE OUT 13 CLOAD 50Ω DRIVER GND 12 Figure 10. CE Propagation Delay Test Circuit Chip-Enable Output When the CE transmission gate is enabled, the impedance of CE OUT is equivalent to 75Ω in series with the source driving CE IN. In the disabled mode, the 75Ω transmission gate is off and an active pull-up connects from CE OUT to VCC. This source turns off when the transmission gate is enabled. Applications Information Connect a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor from VCC to GND, as close to the device pins as possible. This reduces the probability of resets due to high-frequency powersupply transients. In a high-noise environment, additional bypass capacitance from VCC to ground may be required. If long leads connect to the chip inputs, ensure that these lines are free from ringing, etc., which would forward bias the chip’s protection diodes. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 +5V RP* CE 3 VCC RAM 1 CE IN TO OTHER SYSTEM RESET INPUTS VCC MAX792 MAX820 14 BUFFER CE CE OUT CE 13 3 VCC RAM 2 VCC CE RESET 1 4.7k µP RESET CE GND 12 RAM 3 MAX792 MAX820 CE CE RAM 4 ACTIVE-HIGH CE LINES FROM LOGIC Figure 11. Alternate CE Gating Alternative Chip-Enable Gating Using memory devices with both CE and CE inputs allows the MAX792/MAX820 CE propagation delay to be bypassed. To do this, connect CE IN to ground, pull up CE OUT to VCC, and connect CE OUT to the CE input of each memory device (Figure 11). The CE input of each memory device then connects directly to the chip-select logic, which does not have to be gated by the MAX792/MAX820. Interfacing to µPs with Bidirectional Reset Inputs µPs with bidirectional reset pins, such as the Motorola 68HC11 series, can contend with the MAX792/MAX820 RESET output. If, for example, the MAX792/MAX820 RESET output is asserted high and the µP wants to pull it low, indeterminate logic levels may result. To avoid this, connect a 4.7kΩ resistor between the MAX792/MAX820 RESET output and the µP reset I/O, as in Figure 12. Buffer the MAX792/MAX820 RESET output to other system components. Negative-Going VCC Transients While issuing resets to the µP during power-up, powerdown, and brownout conditions, these supervisors are relatively immune to short-duration negative-going VCC transients (glitches). It is usually undesirable to reset the µP when VCC experiences only small glitches. Figure 13 shows maximum transient duration vs. resetcomparator overdrive, for which reset pulses are not generated. The graph was produced using negative14 GND GND 12 CE Figure 12. Interfacing to µPs with Bidirectional RESET Pins going VCC pulses, starting at 5V and ending below the reset threshold by the magnitude indicated (resetcomparator overdrive). The graph shows the maximum pulse width a negative-going VCC transient may typically have without causing a reset pulse to be issued. As the amplitude of the transient increases (i.e., goes farther below the reset threshold), the maximum allowable pulse width decreases. Typically, a VCC transient that goes 100mV below the reset threshold and lasts for 30µs or less will not cause a reset pulse to be issued. A 100nF bypass capacitor mounted close to the VCC pin provides additional transient immunity. 100 MAX791 -13 * MAXIMUM RP VALUE DEPENDS ON THE NUMBER OF RAMS. MINIMUM RP VALUE IS 1kΩ MAXIMUM TRANSIENT DURATION (µs) MAX792/MAX820 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits VCC = 5V TA = +25°C 80 60 40 20 0 10 100 1000 10,000 RESET COMPARATOR OVERDRIVE, (VTH - VCC) (mV) Figure 13. Maximum Transient Duration without Causing a Reset Pulse vs. Reset-Comparator Overdrive ______________________________________________________________________________________ Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits PART** TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX792_EPE MAX792_ESE MAX792_EJE -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP 16 Narrow SO 16 CERDIP MAX792_MJE -55°C to +125°C 16 CERDIP MAX820_CPE -0°C to +70°C -0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP 16 Narrow SO 16 Plastic DIP MAX820_CSE MAX820_EPE MAX820_ESE MAX820_EJE -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C MAX820_MJE -55°C to +125°C TOP VIEW RESET 1 16 WDPO RESET 2 15 WDO VCC 3 14 CE IN MAX792 MAX820 RESET IN/INT 4 13 CE OUT LLIN/REFOUT 5 12 GND OVO 6 11 WDI 16 CERDIP OVI 7 10 LOW LINE 16 CERDIP SWT 8 9 16 Narrow SO * Dice are tested at TA = +25°C. **These parts offer a choice of five different reset threshold voltages. Select the letter corresponding to the desired nominal reset threshold voltage and insert it into the blank to complete the part number. SUFFIX RESET THRESHOLD (V) L M T S R 4.62 4.37 3.06 2.91 2.61 MR DIP/SO ___________________Chip Topography RESET RESET WDO WDPO CE IN CE OUT V CC RESET IN/ INT GND LLIN/ REF OUT 0.078" (1.981mm) OVO WDI OVI SWT MR LOW LINE 0.070" (1.778mm) TRANSISTOR COUNT: 950 SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO VCC ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 MAX792/MAX820 Pin Configuration _Ordering Information (continued) SOICW.EPS ________________________________________________________Package Information SOICN.EPS MAX792/MAX820 Microprocessor and Non-Volatile Memory Supervisory Circuits Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 16 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 1998 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.