MC78T00 Series 3.0 A Positive Voltage Regulators This family of fixed voltage regulators are monolithic integrated circuits capable of driving loads in excess of 3.0 A. These three−terminal regulators employ internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe−area compensation. Devices are available with improved specifications, including a 2% output voltage tolerance, on AC−suffix 5.0 V, 12 V and 15 V device types. Although designed primarily as a fixed voltage regulator, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. This series of devices can be used with a series−pass transistor to supply up to 15 A at the nominal output voltage. • Output Current in Excess of 3.0 A • Power Dissipation: 25 W • No External Components Required • Output Voltage Offered in 2% and 4% Tolerance* • Thermal Regulation is Specified • Internal Thermal Overload Protection • Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting • Output Transistor Safe−Area Compensation • Pb−Free Packages are Available http://onsemi.com 3A POSITIVE FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATORS MARKING DIAGRAMS TO−220 T SUFFIX CASE 221A 1 2 3 MC 78TxxyzT AWLYWW Pin 1. Input 2. Ground* 3. Output *Heatsink surface is connected to Pin 2. Input Cin* 0.33 F MC78TXX Output CO** D2PAK−3 CASE 936 MC 78TxxyzD2T AWLYWW Figure 1. Simplified Application A common ground is required between the input and the output voltages. The input voltage must remain typically 2.2 V above the output voltage even during the low point on the input ripple voltage. XX these two digits of the type number indicate voltage. ** Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. ** (See Applications Information for details.) ** CO is not needed for stability; however, it does improve transient response. MC = Specific Device Code xx = Voltage Option y = “A” letter for precise 2% regulators, not used for standard 4% regulators. z = temperature range, “B” for wide temperature range, −40°C to +125°C, “C” for standard temperature range, 0°C to +125°C. A = Assembly Location WL= Wafer Lot Y = Year W = Work Week ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2004 March, 2004 − Rev. 4 1 Publication Order Number: MC78T00/D MC78T00 Series MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Rating Symbol Value Unit VI 35 40 Vdc Power Dissipation and Thermal Characteristics Plastic Package (Note 1) TA = +25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Air TC = +25°C Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Case PD RJA PD RJC Internally Limited 65 Internally Limited 2.5 °C/W Storage Junction Temperature Tstg +150 °C Operating Junction Temperature Range (MC78T00C, AC) TJ 0 to +125 °C Input Voltage (5.0 V − 12 V) Input Voltage (15 V) °C/W Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 1. Although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for PO ≤ Pmax, Pmax = 25 W. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 10 V, IO = 3.0 A, 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, PO ≤ Pmax (Note 2), unless otherwise noted.) MC78T05AC Characteristics Output Voltage (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A; 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 2.0 A, 7.3 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 20 Vdc) Symbol Min Typ Max Min Typ Max 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.75 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.25 − 3.0 25 − 3.0 25 − − 10 15 30 80 − − 10 15 30 80 − 0.001 0.01 − 0.002 0.03 − − 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 − − 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 VO Line Regulation (Note 3) (7.2 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 5.0 mA, TJ = +25°C; 7.2 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 8.0 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 12 Vdc, IO = 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 7.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 20 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A) Regline Load Regulation (Note 3) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A) Regload Thermal Regulation (Pulse = 10 ms, P = 20 W, TA = +25°C) Regtherm Quiescent Current (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A) MC78T05C Unit Vdc mV mV IB %VO/W mA Quiescent Current Change (7.2 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 5.0 mA, TJ = +25°C; 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 7.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 20 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A) IB − 0.3 1.0 − 0.3 1.0 mA Ripple Rejection (8.0 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 18 Vdc, f = 120 Hz, IO = 2.0 A, TJ = 25°C) RR 62 75 − 62 75 − dB Dropout Voltage (IO = 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) Vin−VO − 2.2 2.5 − 2.2 2.5 Vdc Output Noise Voltage (10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 100 kHz, TJ = +25°C) Vn − 10 − − 10 − V/VO Output Resistance (f = 1.0 kHz) RO − 2.0 − − 20 − m 2. Although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for PO ≤ Pmax, Pmax = 25 W. 3. Line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. http://onsemi.com 2 MC78T00 Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 10 V, IO = 3.0 A, 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, PO ≤ Pmax (Note 2), unless otherwise noted.) MC78T05AC MC78T05C Symbol Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit Short Circuit Current Limit (Vin = 35 Vdc, TJ = +25°C) ISC − 1.5 − − 1.5 − A Peak Output Current (TJ = +25°C) Imax − 5.0 − − 5.0 − A TCVO − 0.2 − − 0.2 − mV/°C Characteristics Average Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage (IO = 5.0 mA) 2. Although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for PO ≤ Pmax, Pmax = 25 W. 3. Line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 13 V, IO = 3.0 A, 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, PO ≤ Pmax (Note 4), unless otherwise noted.) MC78T08C Characteristics Symbol Output Voltage (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A; 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 2.0 A, 10.4 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 23 Vdc) Min Typ Max 7.7 7.6 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.4 − 4.0 35 − − 10 15 30 80 − 0.002 0.03 − − 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 VO Line Regulation (Note 5) (10.3 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 5.0 mA, TJ = +25°C 10.3 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A, TJ = +25°C 11 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 17 Vdc, IO = 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C 10.7 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 23 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A) Regline Load Regulation (Note 5) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A) Regload Thermal Regulation (Pulse = 10 ms, P = 20 W, TA = +25°C) Regtherm Quiescent Current (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A) Unit Vdc mV mV IB %VO/W mA Quiescent Current Change (10.3 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 5.0 mA, TJ = +25°C; 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 10.7 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 23 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A) IB − 0.3 1.0 mA Ripple Rejection (11 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 21 Vdc, f = 120 Hz, IO = 2.0 A, TJ = 25°C) RR 60 71 − dB Vin−VO − 2.2 2.5 Vdc Output Noise Voltage (10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 100 kHz, TJ = +25°C) Vn − 10 − V/VO Output Resistance (f = 1.0 kHz) RO − 2.0 − m Short Circuit Current Limit (Vin = 35 Vdc, TJ = +25°C) ISC − 1.5 − A Peak Output Current (TJ = +25°C) Imax − 5.0 − A TCVO − 0.3 − mV/°C Dropout Voltage (IO = 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) Average Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage (IO = 5.0 mA) 4. Although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for PO ≤ Pmax, Pmax = 25 W. 5. Line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. http://onsemi.com 3 MC78T00 Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 17 V, IO = 3.0 A, 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, PO ≤ Pmax (Note 6), unless otherwise noted.) MC78T12AC Characteristics Output Voltage (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 2.0 A, 14.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 27 Vdc) Symbol Typ Max Min Typ Max 11.75 11.5 12 12 12.25 12.5 11.5 11.4 12 12 12.5 12.6 − 6.0 45 − 6.0 45 − − 10 15 30 80 − − 10 15 30 80 − 0.001 0.01 − 0.002 0.03 − − 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 − − 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 VO Line Regulation (Note 7) (14.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 5.0 mA, TJ = +25°C; 14.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 16 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 22 Vdc, IO = 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 14.9 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 27 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A) Regline Load Regulation (Note 7) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A) Regload Thermal Regulation (Pulse = 10 ms, P = 20 W, TA = +25°C) Regtherm Quiescent Current (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A) MC78T12C Min Unit Vdc mV mV IB %VO/W mA Quiescent Current Change (14.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 35 Vdc, IO = 5.0 mA, TJ = +25°C; 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 14.9 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 27 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A) IB − 0.3 1.0 − 0.3 1.0 mA Ripple Rejection (15 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 25 Vdc, f = 120 Hz, IO = 2.0 A, TJ = 25°C) RR 57 67 − 57 67 − dB Vin − VO − 2.2 2.5 − 2.2 2.5 Vdc Output Noise Voltage (10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 100 kHz, TJ = +25°C) Vn − 10 − − 10 − V/VO Output Resistance (f = 1.0 kHz) RO − 2.0 − − 20 − m Short Circuit Current Limit (Vin = 35 Vdc, TJ = +25°C) ISC − 1.5 − − 1.5 − A Peak Output Current (TJ = +25°C) Imax − 5.0 − − 5.0 − A Average Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage (IO = 5.0 mA) TCVO − 0.5 − − 0.5 − mV/°C Dropout Voltage (IO = 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) 6. Although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for PO ≤ Pmax, Pmax = 25 W. 7. Line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. http://onsemi.com 4 MC78T00 Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 20 V, IO = 3.0 A, 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, PO ≤ Pmax (Note 8), unless otherwise noted.) MC78T15AC Characteristics Output Voltage (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A; 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 2.0 A, 17.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 30 Vdc) Symbol Typ Max Min Typ Max 14.7 14.4 15 15 15.3 15.6 14.4 14.25 15 15 15.6 15.75 − 7.5 55 − 7.5 55 − − 10 15 30 80 − − 10 15 30 80 − 0.001 0.01 − 0.002 0.03 − − 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 − − 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 VO Line Regulation (Note 9) (17.6 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 40 Vdc, IO = 5.0 mA, TJ = +25°C; 17.6 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 40 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 20 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 26 Vdc, IO = 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 18 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 30 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A) Regline Load Regulation (Note 9) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A) Regload Thermal Regulation (Pulse = 10 ms, P = 20 W, TA = +25°C) Regtherm Quiescent Current (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A) MC78T15C Min Unit Vdc mV mV IB %VO/W mA Quiescent Current Change (17.6 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 40 Vdc, IO = 5.0 mA, TJ = +25°C; 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C; 18 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 30 Vdc, IO = 1.0 A) IB − 0.3 1.0 − 0.3 1.0 mA Ripple Rejection (18.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 28.5 Vdc, f = 120 Hz, IO = 2.0 A, TJ = 25°C) RR 55 65 − 55 65 − dB Dropout Voltage (IO = 3.0 A, TJ = +25°C) Vin−VO − 2.2 2.5 − 2.2 2.5 Vdc Vn − 10 − − 10 − V/VO Output Resistance (f = 1.0 kHz) RO − 2.0 − − 20 − m Short Circuit Current Limit (Vin = 40 Vdc, TJ = +25°C) ISC − 1.0 − − 1.0 − A Peak Output Current (TJ = +25°C) Imax − 5.0 − − 5.0 − A TCVO − 0.6 − − 0.6 − mV/°C Output Noise Voltage (10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 100 kHz, TJ = +25°C) Average Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage (IO = 5.0 mA) 8. Although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for PO ≤ Pmax, Pmax = 25 W. 9. Line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. http://onsemi.com 5 MC78T00 Series The performance of a voltage regulator is specified by its immunity to changes in load, input voltage, power dissipation, and temperature. Line and load regulation are tested with a pulse of short duration (< 100 s) and are strictly a function of electrical gain. However, pulse widths of longer duration (> 1.0 ms) are sufficient to affect temperature gradients across the die. These temperature gradients can cause a change in the output voltage, in addition to changes caused by line and load regulation. Longer pulse widths and thermal gradients make it desirable to specify thermal regulation. Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage caused by a change in dissipated power for a specified time, and is expressed as a percentage output voltage change per watt. The change in dissipated power can be caused by a change in either the input voltage or the load current. Thermal regulation is a function of IC layout and die attach techniques, and usually occurs within 10 ms of a change in power dissipation. After 10 ms, additional changes in the output voltage are due to the temperature coefficient of the device. Figure 1 shows the line and thermal regulation response of a typical MC78T05AC to a 20 W input pulse. The variation of the output voltage due to line regulation is labeled ➀ and the thermal regulation component is labeled ➁. Figure 2 shows the load and thermal regulation response of a typical MC78T05AC to a 20 W load pulse. The output voltage variation due to load regulation is labeled ➀ and the thermal regulation component is labeled ➁. ∆ V O , OUTPUT V in , INPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) VOLTAGE (V) ∆ V O , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) VOLTAGE REGULATOR PERFORMANCE 2 1 8.0 I O , OUTPUT CURRENT (A) (2.0 mV/DIV) 18 2 1 2 2.0 0 t, TIME (2.0 ms/DIV) Vout = 5.0 V Vin = 8.0 V → 18 V → 8.0 V Iout = 2.0 A t, TIME (2.0 ms/DIV) Vout = 5.0 V Vin = 15 Iout = 0 A → 2.0 A → 0 A 1 = Regline = 2.4 mV 2 = Regtherm = 0.0015%VO/W Figure 1. MC78T05AC Line and Thermal Regulation Q1 1.0k (2.0 mV/DIV) 2 1 = Regline = 4.4 mV 2 = Regtherm = 0.0015%VO/W Figure 2. MC78T05AC Load and Thermal Regulation Input 1.0k Q2 Q20 Q22 210 6.7V Q21 16k Q24 Q9 Q3 Q4 3.0k 3.6k Q19 5.6k 6.4k Q5 10pF Q23 5.0 VO 3.9k 2.0k Q6 Q7 Q11 Output 6.0k Q17 Q18 Q15 Q13 6.0k 200 0.12 40 pF Q12 2.6k 8.0−15VO Q27 13 50 520 Q26 300 Q16 Q10 Q25 200 1.0k Q8 300 100 Q14 Gnd 2.8k Figure 3. Representative Schematic Diagram http://onsemi.com 6 MC78T00 Series 100 r O , OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω ) NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE 1.02 Vin − Vout = 10 V Iout = 100 mA 1.0 .98 −90 −50 −10 30 70 110 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 10−1 10−2 10−3 10−4 1.0 190 Figure 4. Temperature Stability RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) Iout = 50 mA 80 Iout = 1.5 A 60 Vout = 5.0 V Vin = 10 V CO = 0 TJ = 25°C 40 4.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M 10 M 1.0 k 10 k 100 k f, FREQUENCY (Hz) 1.0 M 10 M 100 M Vout = 5.0 V Vin = 10 V CO = 0 f = 120 Hz TJ = 25°C 40 0.1 1.0 10 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 6. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency Figure 7. Ripple Rejection versus Output Current 5.0 TJ = 25°C 3.0 TJ = 125°C 2.0 TJ = 0°C TJ = 25°C TJ = 125°C 0 60 f, FREQUENCY (Hz) TJ = 0°C 1.0 80 30 0.01 100 M IB , QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 100 100 20 1.0 IB , QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 10 Figure 5. Output Impedance 100 0 Vout = 5.0 V Vin = 7.5 V Iout = 1.0 A CO = 0 TJ = 25°C 10 20 30 TJ = 25°C 3.0 TJ = 125°C 2.0 1.0 0 0.01 40 TJ = 0°C 4.0 Vin−Vout = 5.0 V 0.1 1.0 Vin, INPUT VOLTAGE (Vdc) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 8. Quiescent Current versus Input Voltage Figure 9. Quiescent Current versus Output Current http://onsemi.com 7 10 MC78T00 Series Iout = 3.0 A 2.0 Iout = 1.0 A 1.5 Iout = 0.5 A 1.0 VO = 50 mV −10 30 70 110 150 4.0 2.0 190 TJ = 0°C TJ = 25°C TJ = 125°C 10 20 30 Vin−VO, INPUT−OUTPUT VOLTAGE (Vdc) Figure 10. Dropout Voltage Figure 11. Peak Output Current Vout = 5.0 V Iout = 150 mA CO = 0 TJ = 25°C 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 −0.2 −0.4 −0.6 1.0 0.5 0 0 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 0.8 0 6.0 0 −50 I out , OUTPUT ∆ V out , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) CURRENT (A) ∆ V out , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) 0.5 −90 ∆ Vin , INPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (V) I max, PEAK OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 8.0 10 20 30 Vin = 10 V CO = 0 TJ = 25°C 0.2 0.1 0 −0.1 −0.2 −0.3 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 40 10 20 30 t, TIME (s) Figure 12. Line Transient Response Figure 13. Load Transient Response 40 30 Maximum Ambient Temperature SA of Heatsinks 1.3°C/W 2.4°C/W Infinite Heatsink 20 3.3°C/W 10 6.3°C/W 10.5°C 0 25 50 75 100 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 14. Maximum Average Power Dissipation for MC78T00CT, ACT http://onsemi.com 8 40 0.3 t, TIME (s) P D(AV) , MAXIMUM AVERAGE POWER DISSIPATION (W) V in −Vout , INPUT TO OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) 2.5 125 40 MC78T00 Series APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Design Considerations regulator is connected to the power supply filter with long wire lengths, or if the output load capacitance is large. An input bypass capacitor should be selected to provide good high frequency characteristics to insure stable operation under all load conditions. A 0.33 F or larger tantalum, mylar, or other capacitor having low internal impedance at high frequencies should be chosen. The bypass capacitor should be mounted with the shortest possible leads directly across the regulator’s input terminals. Normally good construction techniques should be used to minimize ground loops and lead resistance drops since the regulator has no external sense lead. The MC78T00 Series of fixed voltage regulators are designed with Thermal Overload Protection that shuts down the circuit when subjected to an excessive power overload condition, Internal Short Circuit Protection that limits the maximum current the circuit will pass, and Output Transistor Safe−Area Compensation that reduces the output short circuit current as the voltage across the pass transistor is increased. In many low current applications, compensation capacitors are not required. However, it is recommended that the regulator input be bypassed with a capacitor if the MC78T05 Input Input R 0.33F IO Output MC78T05 Constant Current to Grounded Load 7 − 0.33F The MC78T05 regulator can also be used as a current source when connected as above. In order to minimize dissipation the MC78T05 is chosen in this application. Resistor R determines the current as follows: 2 0.1F 6 + 1.0k 3 10k 4 MC1741 I0 5.0 V IB R VO, 8.0 V to 20 V Vin − VO ≥ 2.5 V IB 0.7 mA over line, load and Temperature changes IB 3.5 mA For example, a 2.0 A current source would require R to be a 2.5 , 10W resistor and the output voltage compliance would be the input voltage less 7.0 V. The addition of an operational amplifier allows adjustment to higher or intermediate values while retaining regulation characteristics. The minimum voltage obtainable with this arrangement is 3.0 V greater than the regulator voltage. Figure 15. Current Regulator Figure 16. Adjustable Output Regulator Input Rsc 2N4398 or Equiv. 2N4398 or Equiv R MC78TXX MJ2955 or Equiv. Output R MC78TXX Output 1.0F 1.0F 0.1F XX = 2 digits of type number indicating voltage. The MC78T00 series can be current boosted with a PNP transistor. The 2N4398 provides current to 15 A. Resistor R in conjunction with the VBE of the PNP determines when the pass transistor begins conducting; this circuit is not short circuit proof. Input−output differential voltage minimum is increased by the VBE of the pass transistor. XX = 2 digits of type number indicating voltage. The circuit of Figure 17 can be modified to provide supply protection against short circuits by adding a short circuit sense resistor, RSC, and an additional PNP transistor. The current sensing PNP must be able to handle the short circuit current of the three−terminal regulator. Therefore, an eight−ampere power transistor is specified. Figure 17. Current Boost Regulator Figure 18. Current Boost With Short Circuit Protection http://onsemi.com 9 MC78T00 Series ORDERING INFORMATION Device VO Tol. Nominal Output Voltage Operating Temperature Range Package Shipping† MC78T05ABT 2%* TJ = −40°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T05ACT 2%* TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T05ACTG 2%* TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 (Pb−Free) 50 Units / Rail MC78T05BT 4% TJ = −40°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T05BTG 4% TJ = −40°C TO +125°C TO−220 (Pb−Free) 50 Units / Tubes MC78T05CD2T 4% TJ = 0°C TO +125°C D2PAK−3 50 Units / Rail 800 / Tape & Reel 5.0 V MC78T05CD2TR4 4% TJ = 0°C TO +125°C D2PAK−3 MC78T05CT 4% TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T05CTG 4% TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 (Pb−Free) 50 Units / Rail MC78T08CT 4% 8.0 V TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T12ACT 2%* TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T12BT 4% 12 V TJ = −40°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T12CT 4% TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T15ABT 2%* TJ = −40°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T15ACT 2%* TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail MC78T15CT 4% TJ = 0°C TO +125°C TO−220 50 Units / Rail 15 V NOTE: Automotive temperature range selections are available with special test conditions and additional tests. Contact your local ON Semiconductor sales office for information. †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. *2% regulators available in 5.0 V, 12 V and 15 V devices. http://onsemi.com 10 MC78T00 Series PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TO−220 T SUFFIX CASE 221A−09 ISSUE AA −T− B SEATING PLANE C F T S 4 DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z A Q 1 2 3 U H K Z L R V NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. J G D N http://onsemi.com 11 INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 0.045 −−− −−− 0.080 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.07 4.82 0.64 0.88 3.61 3.73 2.42 2.66 2.80 3.93 0.46 0.64 12.70 14.27 1.15 1.52 4.83 5.33 2.54 3.04 2.04 2.79 1.15 1.39 5.97 6.47 0.00 1.27 1.15 −−− −−− 2.04 MC78T00 Series PACKAGE DIMENSIONS D2PAK−3 CASE 936−03 ISSUE B −T− K OPTIONAL CHAMFER A TERMINAL 4 E U S B F 1 2 3 V H M J D 0.010 (0.254) M T NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. TAB CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN DIMENSIONS A AND K. 4. DIMENSIONS U AND V ESTABLISH A MINIMUM MOUNTING SURFACE FOR TERMINAL 4. 5. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR GATE PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH AND GATE PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED 0.025 (0.635) MAXIMUM. L P N G DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S U V R C SOLDERING FOOTPRINT* 8.38 0.33 1.016 0.04 10.66 0.42 INCHES MIN MAX 0.386 0.403 0.356 0.368 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.051 REF 0.100 BSC 0.539 0.579 0.125 MAX 0.050 REF 0.000 0.010 0.088 0.102 0.018 0.026 0.058 0.078 5 REF 0.116 REF 0.200 MIN 0.250 MIN MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 9.804 10.236 9.042 9.347 4.318 4.572 0.660 0.914 1.143 1.397 1.295 REF 2.540 BSC 13.691 14.707 3.175 MAX 1.270 REF 0.000 0.254 2.235 2.591 0.457 0.660 1.473 1.981 5 REF 2.946 REF 5.080 MIN 6.350 MIN 5.08 0.20 3.05 0.12 17.02 0.67 D2PAK SCALE 3:1 mm inches *For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D. ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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