MICROCHIP MCP73871

MCP73871
Stand-Alone System Load Sharing and Li-Ion / Li-Polymer
Battery Charge Management Controller
Features
Applications
• Integrated System Load Sharing and Battery
Charge Management
- Simultaneously Power the System and
Charge the Li-Ion Battery
- Voltage Proportional Current Control (VPCC)
ensures system load has priority over Li-Ion
battery charge current
- Low-Loss Power-Path Management with
Ideal Diode Operation
• Complete Linear Charge Management Controller
- Integrated Pass Transistors
- Integrated Current Sense
- Integrated Reverse Discharge Protection
- Selectable Input Power Sources: USB Port or
AC-DC Wall Adapter
• Preset High Accuracy Charge Voltage Options:
- 4.10V, 4.20V, 4.35V or 4.40V
- ±0.5% Regulation Tolerance
• Constant Current / Constant Voltage (CC/CV)
Operation with Thermal Regulation
• Maximum 1.8A Total Input Current Control
• Resistor Programmable Fast Charge Current
Control: 50 mA to 1A
• Resistor Programmable Termination Set Point
• Selectable USB Input Current Control
- Absolute Maximum: 100 mA (L) / 500 mA (H)
• Automatic Recharge
• Automatic End-of-Charge Control
• Safety Timer With Timer Enable/Disable Control
• 0.1C Preconditioning for Deeply Depleted Cells
• Battery Cell Temperature Monitor
• Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
• Low Battery Status Indicator (LBO)
• Power-Good Status Indicator (PG)
• Charge Status and Fault Condition Indicators
• Numerous Selectable Options Available for a
Variety of Applications:
- Refer to Section 1.0 “Electrical
Characteristics” for Selectable Options”
- Refer to the “Product Identification
System” for Standard Options
• Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Packaging: 20-Lead QFN (4 mm x 4 mm)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
GPSs / Navigators
PDAs and Smart Phones
Portable Media Players and MP3 Players
Digital Cameras
Bluetooth Headsets
Portable Medical Devices
Charge Cradles / Docking Stations
Toys
Description
The MCP73871 device is a fully integrated linear
solution for system load sharing and Li-Ion / Li-Polymer
battery charge management with ac-dc wall adapter
and USB port power sources selection. It’s also
capable of autonomous power source selection
between input or battery. Along with its small physical
size, the low number of required external components
makes the device ideally suited for portable
applications.
The MCP73871 device automatically obtains power for
the system load from a single-cell Li-Ion battery or an
input power source (ac-dc wall adapter or USB port).
The MCP73871 device specifically adheres to the
current drawn limits governed by the USB specification.
With an ac-dc wall adapter providing power to the
system, an external resistor sets the magnitude of 1A
maximum charge current while supports up to 1.8A
total current for system load and battery charge
current.
The MCP73871 device employs a constant current /
constant voltage (CC/CV) charge algorithm with
selectable charge termination point. The constant
voltage regulation is fixed with four available options:
4.10V, 4.20V, 4.35V, or 4.40V to accommodate new,
emerging battery charging requirements. The
MCP73871 device also limits the charge current based
on die temperature during high power or high ambient
conditions. This thermal regulation optimizes the
charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability.
The MCP73871 device includes a low battery indicator,
a power-good indicator and two charge status
indicators that allows for outputs with LEDs or
communication with host microcontrollers. The
MCP73871 device is fully specified over the ambient
temperature range of -40°C to +85°C.
DS22090B-page 1
MCP73871
Package Types
CE
VBAT_SENSE
IN
IN
OUT
MCP73871
20-Lead QFN
20 19 18 17 16
OUT 1
15
VPCC 2
SEL 3
14 VBAT
EP
21
13
PROG2 4
THERM 5
8
9 10
TE
VSS
PG
STAT2
7
STAT1 / LBO
12
11
6
VBAT
PROG1
PROG3
VSS
Typical Application Circuit
MCP73871 Typical Application
Ac-dc Adapter
or
USB Port
18, 19
10 µF
2
470Ω
470Ω
470Ω
6
IN
1, 20
System
Load
4.7 µF
VPCC
VBAT 14, 15, 16
4.7 µF
PG
7 STAT2
8
OUT
THERM 5
NTC
10 kΩ
STAT1
LBO
PROG1
13
RPROG1
Single-Cell
Li-Ion Battery
3
Low
SEL
Hi
4
Low
Hi
9
Low
Low
DS22090B-page 2
Hi
17
Hi
PROG2
PROG3
12 RPROG3
TE
CE
VSS 10, 11, EP
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
Functional Block Diagram
Direction
Control
0.2Ω
IN
OUT
G=0.001
CURRENT
LIMIT
0.2Ω
+
VREF
Ideal
Diode,
Synchronous
Switch
Direction
Control
VBAT
PROG1
G=0.001
PROG3
G=0.001
G=0.001
CURRENT
LIMIT
VREF/2
+
VREF
VPCC
+
-
SEL
PROG2
CA
+
VREF
-
PRECONDITION
VBAT_SENSE
+
VREF
CHRG
VREF
+
VA
+
VREF
PG
TERM
-
50 µA
LTVT
THERM
+
CE
VREF
-
TE
VREF
HTVT
+
STAT2
UVLO,
REFERENCE,
CHARGE
CONTROL,
TIMER,
AND
STATUS
LOGIC
+
STAT1
VSS
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 3
MCP73871
NOTES:
DS22090B-page 4
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
1.0
ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
† Notice: Stresses above those listed under “Maximum
Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is
a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at
those or any other conditions above those indicated in the
operational listings of this specification is not implied.
Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods
may affect device reliability.
Absolute Maximum Ratings†
VIN ....................................................................................7.0V
All Inputs and Outputs w.r.t. ................ VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
(VDD = VIN or VBAT)
Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ ............ Internally Limited
Storage temperature .....................................-65°C to +150°C
ESD protection on all pins
Human Body Model (1.5 kΩ in Series with 100pF) ........≥ 4 kV
Machine Model (200 pF, No Series Resistance) .............300V
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VIN = VREG + 0.3V to 6V, TA = -40°C to +85°C.
Typical values are at +25°C, VIN = [VREG (typical) + 1.0V]
Parameters
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Conditions
Supply Voltage
VIN
VREG
+0.3V
—
6
V
Supply Current
ISS
—
2500
3750
µA
Charging
—
260
350
µA
Charge Complete
—
180
300
µA
Standby
—
28
50
µA
Shutdown
(VDD < VBAT - 100 mV or
VDD < VSTOP)
Supply Input
UVLO Start Threshold
VSTART
VREG +
0.05V
VREG +
0.15V
VREG +
0.25V
V
VDD= Low-to-High
UVLO Stop Threshold
VSTOP
VREG –
0.07V
VREG +
0.07V
VREG +
0.17V
V
VDD= High-to-Low
UVLO Hysteresis
VHYS
—
90
—
mV
Voltage Regulation (Constant Voltage Mode)
Regulated Charge Voltage
Regulated Charge Voltage Tolerance
VREG
4.080
4.10
4.121
V
VDD=[VREG(typical)+1V]
4.179
4.20
4.221
V
IOUT=10 mA
V
TA=-5°C to +55°C
4.328
4.35
4.372
4.378
4.40
4.422
-0.5
—
+0.5
%
TA= +25°C
-0.75
—
+0.75
%
TA= -5°C to +55°C
VRTOL
Line Regulation
|(ΔVBAT/VBAT)/
ΔVDD|
—
0.08
0.20
%/V
Load Regulation
|ΔVBAT/VBAT|
—
0.08
0.18
%
IOUT=10 mA to 150 mA
VDD= [VREG(typical)+1V]
PSRR
—
-47
—
dB
IOUT=10 mA, 1 kHz
—
-40
—
dB
IOUT=10 mA, 10 kHz
90
100
110
mA
PROG1 = 10 kΩ
900
1000
1100
mA
PROG1 = 1 kΩ,
80
90
100
mA
PROG2 = Low, SEL = Low,
(Note 2)
400
450
500
mA
PROG2 = High, SEL = Low,
(Note 2)
Supply Ripple Attenuation
VDD=[VREG(typical)+1V] to 6V
IOUT=10 mA
Current Regulation (Fast Charge Constant-Current Mode)
AC-Adapter Fast Charge Current
IREG
TA=-5°C to +55°C, SEL = Hi
USB Fast Charge Current
IREG
TA= -5°C to +55°C
Note 1:
2:
The value is ensured by design and not production tested.
The maximum available charge current is also limited by the value set at PROG1 input.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 5
MCP73871
DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED)
Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VIN = VREG + 0.3V to 6V, TA = -40°C to +85°C.
Typical values are at +25°C, VIN = [VREG (typical) + 1.0V]
Parameters
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Units
ILIMIT_USB
80
90
100
mA
400
450
500
mA
Conditions
Input Current Limit Control (ICLC)
USB-Port Supply Current Limit
PROG2 = Low, SEL = Low
PROG2 = High, SEL = Low
TA=-5°C to +55°C
AC-DC Adapter Current Limit
ILIMIT_AC
1500
1650
1800
mA
SEL = High, TA=-5°C to +55°C
Voltage Proportional Charge Control (VPCC - Input Voltage Regulation)
VPCC Input Threshold
VVPCC
—
1.23
—
V
IOUT=10 mA
VPCC Input Threshold Tolerance
VRTOL
-3
—
+3
%
TA=-5°C to +55°C
ILK
—
0.01
1
µA
VVPCC = VDD
Input Leakage Current
Precondition Current Regulation (Trickle Charge Constant-Current Mode)
Precondition Current Ratio
IPREG / IREG
7.5
10
12.5
%
PROG1 = 1.0 kΩ to 10 kΩ
TA=-5°C to +55°C
Precondition Current Threshold Ratio
VPTH / VREG
69
72
75
%
VBAT Low-to-High
VPHYS
—
105
—
mV
VBAT High-to-Low
Precondition Hysteresis
Automatic Charge Termination Set Point
75
100
125
mA
PROG3 = 10 kΩ
7.5
10
12.5
mA
PROG3 = 100 kΩ
TA=-5°C to +55°C
VRTH
VREG 0.21V
VREG 0.15V
VREG 0.09V
V
VBAT High-to-Low
RDS_ON
—
200
—
mΩ
VDD = 4.5V, TJ = 105°C
RDSON_
—
200
—
mΩ
VDD = 4.5V, TJ = 105°C
RDS_ON
—
200
—
mΩ
VDD = 4.5V, TJ = 105°C
IDISCHARGE
—
30
40
µA
Shutdown
(VBAT < VDD < VUVLO)
—
30
40
µA
Shutdown (0 < VDD < VBAT)
—
30
40
µA
VBAT = Power Out, No Load
—
-6
-13
µA
Charge Complete
mA
Charge Termination Current Ratio
ITERM
Automatic Recharge
Recharge Voltage Threshold Ratio
IN-to-OUT Pass Transistor ON-Resistance
ON-Resistance
Charge Transistor ON-Resistance
ON-Resistance
BAT-to-OUT Pass Transistor ON-Resistance
ON-Resistance
Battery Discharge Current
Output Reverse Leakage Current
Status Indicators - STAT1 (LBO), STAT2, PG
Sink Current
ISINK
—
16
35
Low Output Voltage
VOL
—
0.4
1
V
ISINK = 4 mA
Input Leakage Current
ILK
—
0.01
1
µA
High Impedance, VDD on pin
Low Battery Indicator (LBO)
Low Battery Detection Threshold
Low Battery Detection Hysteresis
Note 1:
2:
VLBO
VLBO_HYS
—
Disable
—
2.85
3.0
3.15
V
VBAT > VIN, PG = Hi-Z
2.95
3.1
3.25
V
3.05
3.2
3.35
V
—
150
—
mV
TA=-5°C to +55°C
VBAT Low-to-High
The value is ensured by design and not production tested.
The maximum available charge current is also limited by the value set at PROG1 input.
DS22090B-page 6
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED)
Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VIN = VREG + 0.3V to 6V, TA = -40°C to +85°C.
Typical values are at +25°C, VIN = [VREG (typical) + 1.0V]
Parameters
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Conditions
RPROG
1
—
20
kΩ
RPROG
5
—
100
kΩ
Input High Voltage Level
VIH
1.8
—
—
V
Input Low Voltage Level
VIL
—
—
0.8
V
Input Leakage Current
ILK
—
0.01
1
µA
VPROG2 = VDD
Input High Voltage Level
VIH
1.8
—
—
V
Note 1
Input Low Voltage Level
VIL
—
—
0.8
V
Note 1
Input Leakage Current
ILK
—
0.01
1
µA
VTE = VDD
Input High Voltage Level
VIH
1.8
—
—
V
Input Low Voltage Level
VIL
—
—
0.8
V
Input Leakage Current
ILK
—
0.01
1
µA
Input High Voltage Level
VIH
1.8
—
—
V
Input Low Voltage Level
VIL
—
—
0.8
V
Input Leakage Current
ILK
—
0.01
1
µA
VSEL = VDD
ITHERM
47
50
53
µA
2 kΩ < RTHERM < 50 kΩ
VT1 Low-to-High
PROG1 Input (PROG1)
Charge Impedance Range
PROG3 Input (PROG3)
Termination Impedance Range
PROG2 Input (PROG2)
Timer Enable (TE)
Chip Enable (CE)
VCE = VDD
Input Source Selection (SEL)
Thermistor Bias
Thermistor Current Source
Thermistor Comparator
Upper Trip Threshold
Upper Trip Point Hysteresis
Lower Trip Threshold
Lower Trip Point Hysteresis
VT1
1.20
1.24
1.26
V
VT1HYS
—
-40
—
mV
VT2
0.23
0.25
0.27
V
VT2HYS
—
40
—
mV
TSD
—
150
—
°C
TSDHYS
—
10
—
°C
VT2 High-to-Low
Thermal Shutdown
Die Temperature
Die Temperature Hysteresis
Note 1:
2:
The value is ensured by design and not production tested.
The maximum available charge current is also limited by the value set at PROG1 input.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 7
MCP73871
AC CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VIN = 4.6V to 6V.
Typical values are at +25°C, VDD = [VREG (typical) + 1.0V]
Parameters
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Units
tSTART
—
—
5
ms
VDD Low-to-High
tDELAY
—
—
10
ms
VBAT < VPTH to VBAT > VPTH
tRISE
—
—
10
ms
IOUT Rising to 90% of IREG
Precondition Comparator Filter Time
tPRECON
0.4
1.3
3.2
ms
Average VBAT Rise/Fall
Termination Comparator Filter Time
tTERM
0.4
1.3
3.2
ms
Average IOUT Falling
Charge Comparator Filter Time
tCHARGE
0.4
1.3
3.2
ms
Average VBAT Falling
Thermistor Comparator Filter Time
tTHERM
0.4
1.3
3.2
ms
Average THERM Rise/Fall
UVLO Start Delay
Conditions
Current Regulation
Transition Time Out of Precondition
Current Rise Time Out of Precondition
Elapsed Timer
Elapsed Timer Period
tELAPSED
—
0
—
Hours
3.6
4.0
4.4
Hours
5.4
6.0
6.6
Hours
7.2
8.0
8.8
Hours
Status Indicators
Status Output Turn-off
tOFF
—
—
500
µs
ISINK = 1 mA to 0 mA
Status Output Turn-on
tON
—
—
500
µs
ISINK = 0 mA to 1 mA
Note 1:
Internal safety timer is tested base on internal oscillator frequency measurement.
TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS
Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VIN = 4.6V to 6V.
Typical values are at +25°C, VDD = [VREG (typical) + 1.0V]
Parameters
Sym
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Conditions
Temperature Ranges
Specified Temperature Range
TA
-40
—
+85
°C
Operating Temperature Range
TJ
-40
—
+125
°C
Storage Temperature Range
TA
-65
—
+150
°C
θJA
—
35
—
°C/W
Thermal Package Resistances
Thermal Resistance, 20LD-QFN, 4x4
DS22090B-page 8
4-Layer JC51-7 Standard Board,
Natural Convection
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
2.0
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
Note:
The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of
samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein
are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified
operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range.
4.6
4.9
5.1
5.4
5.6
Supply Voltage (V)
5.9
Charge Current (mA)
FIGURE 2-1:
Battery Regulation Voltage
(VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD).
FIGURE 2-4:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT).
Battery Discharge Current
(µA)
IOUT = 1000 mA
4.222
4.214
4.206
IOUT = 500 mA
IOUT = 100 mA
4.198
IOUT = 10 mA
-45
-30
-15 0
15 30 45 60
Ambient Temperature (°C)
75
VBAT = 4.2V
VDD= Floating
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
90
FIGURE 2-2:
Battery Regulation Voltage
(VBAT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA).
IREG (mA)
35.0
10.0
4.190
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
VDD= 5.2V
Temperature = +25°C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 151617 18 1920
RPROG (kΩ)
FIGURE 2-3:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Programming Resistor (RPROG).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
-45
-30
-15
0
15 30 45
Temperature (°C)
60
75
90
FIGURE 2-5:
Output Leakage Current
(IDISCHARGE) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA).
Battery Discharge Current
(µA)
Battery Regulation Voltage (V)
40.0
4.238
4.230
1000
4.176
900
4.184
800
IOUT= 10 mA
4.192
700
IOUT= 100 mA
4.200
600
4.208
500
IOUT= 500 mA
400
4.216
300
4.224
Temperature = +25°C
VDD = 5.2V
200
IOUT= 900 mA
4.300
4.280
4.260
4.240
4.220
4.200
4.180
4.160
4.140
4.120
4.100
100
Temperature = +25°C
4.232
0
Battery Regulation Voltage (V)
4.240
Battery Regulation Voltage
(V)
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VIN = [VREG(typical) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant-voltage mode.
35.0
30.0
VDD= VBAT
Temperature = +25°C
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Battery Voltage (V)
4.0
4.2
FIGURE 2-6:
Output Leakage Current
(IDISCHARGE) vs. Battery Regulation Voltage
(VBAT).
DS22090B-page 9
MCP73871
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VIN = [VREG(typical) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant-voltage mode.
VDD= Floating
Temperature = +25°C
30.0
25.0
IREG (mA)
Battery Discharge Current
(µA)
35.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Battery Voltage (V)
4.0
4.2
RPROG = 1 kΩ
Temperature = +25°C
4.5
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.5
Supply Voltage (V)
5.8
RPROG = 2 kΩ
Temperature = +25°C
4.5
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.5
Supply Voltage (V)
5.8
6.0
FIGURE 2-9:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Supply Voltage (VDD).
DS22090B-page 10
1100
1060
1020
980
940
900
860
820
780
740
700
5.0
5.3
5.5
Supply Voltage (V)
5.8
6.0
RPROG = 1 kΩ
VDD = 5.2V
-45
-30
-15
0
15 30 45 60
Ambient Temperature (°C)
75
90
FIGURE 2-11:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Ambient Temperature (TA).
Charge Current (mA)
IREG (mA)
550
540
530
520
510
500
490
480
470
460
450
4.8
FIGURE 2-10:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Supply Voltage (VDD).
6.0
FIGURE 2-8:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Supply Voltage (VDD).
RPROG = 10 kΩ
Temperature = +25°C
4.5
Charge Current (mA)
IREG (mA)
FIGURE 2-7:
Output Leakage Current
(IDISCHARGE) vs. Battery Voltage (VBAT).
1190
1160
1130
1100
1070
1040
1010
980
950
920
890
860
830
800
110
108
106
104
102
100
98
96
94
92
90
110
108
106
104
102
100
98
96
94
92
90
RPROG = 10 kΩ
VDD = 5.2V
-45
-30
-15
0
15 30 45 60
Ambient Temperature (°C)
75
90
FIGURE 2-12:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Ambient Temperature (TA).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VIN = [VREG(typical) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant-voltage mode.
120
R PROG = 20 kΩ
VDD = 5.2V
53
Charge Current (mA)
Charge Current (mA)
55
51
49
47
45
43
41
80
60
40
20
VDD = 5.2V
RPROG = 10 kΩ
0
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
Ambient Temperature (°C)
75
90
25
Thermistor Current (µA)
1000
800
600
400
VDD = 5.2V
RPROG = 1 kΩ
0
25
50
75
100
125
52.0
51.5
51.0
50.5
50.0
49.5
49.0
48.5
48.0
47.5
47.0
150
4.6
Thermistor Current (µA)
Charge Current (mA)
500
400
300
200
VDD = 5.2V
RPROG = 2 kΩ
0
75
100
125
150
Ambient Temperature (°C)
FIGURE 2-15:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Junction Temperature (TJ).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
150
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
FIGURE 2-17:
Thermistor Current (ITHERM)
vs. Supply Voltage (VDD).
600
50
125
Supply Voltage (V)
FIGURE 2-14:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Junction Temperature (TJ).
25
100
Temperature = +25°C
Ambient Temperature (°C)
100
75
FIGURE 2-16:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Junction Temperature (TJ).
1200
200
50
Ambient Temperature (°C)
FIGURE 2-13:
Charge Current (IOUT) vs.
Ambient Temperature (TA).
Charge Current (mA)
100
52.0
51.5
51.0
50.5
50.0
49.5
49.0
48.5
48.0
47.5
47.0
VDD = 5.2V
-45
-30
-15
0
15 30 45 60
Ambient Temperature (°C)
75
90
FIGURE 2-18:
Thermistor Current (ITHERM)
vs. Ambient Temperature (TA).
DS22090B-page 11
MCP73871
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VIN = [VREG(typical) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant-voltage mode.
IOUT = 10 mA
Output Current (A)
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1.8
I
= 100 mA
1.6 OUT
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.001
0
0.001
Frequency (kHz)
0.1
8
7.5
-0.1
7
6.5
-0.3
6
5.5
-0.5
5
0
Output Current (A)
0.3
Output Current (A)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
5
07
00
.
0
-0.7
0.0002
DS22090B-page 12
-0.3
-0.4
0.002
0.003
-0.5
0.004
Load Transient Response.
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
5
11
00
.
0
5
15
00
.
0
5
19
00
.
0
5
23
00
.
0
5
27
00
.
0
FIGURE 2-23:
IOUT = 500 mA.
Load Transient Response.
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Input Voltage (V)
0.6
Output Current (A)
Output Voltage (V)
FIGURE 2-21:
IOUT = 500 mA.
-0.2
Time (s)
Line Transient Response.
9
IOUT = 500 mA
8.5
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
-0.0008 -0.0006 -0.0004 -0.0002
Time (s)
-0.1
IOUT = 500 mA
Time (s)
FIGURE 2-20:
IOUT = 100 mA.
0
0
0.0002
Line Transient Response.
UVLO (V)
Output Voltage (V)
FIGURE 2-22:
IOUT = 100 mA.
IOUT = 100 mA
4.5
-0.0008 -0.0006 -0.0004 -0.0002
0.1
Time (s)
FIGURE 2-19:
Power Supply Ripple
Rejection (PSRR).
9
8.5
0.2
Output Ripple (V)
PSRR (dB)
-10
Output Ripple (V)
0
Time (ms)
FIGURE 2-24:
Undervoltage Lockout.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
4.5
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Input Voltage (V)
Startup Voltage (V)
Charge Voltage (V)
4
3.5
3
MCP73871
VDD = 5.2V
RPROG1 = 1 kΩ
RPROG3 = 25 kΩ
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
Time (ms)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Charge Current (A)
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VIN = [VREG(typical) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant-voltage mode.
80
Time (Minute)
Startup Delay.
FIGURE 2-27:
Complete Charge Cycle
(1000 mAh Li-Ion Battery).
0.5
MCP73871
VDD = 5.2V
SEL = Low
PROG2 = Low
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.5
0
3.5
3
Preconditioning Threshold Voltage
2.5
2
Fast Charge (Constant Current)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Time (Minutes)
FIGURE 2-26:
Complete Charge Cycle
(130 mAh Li-Ion Battery).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
VDD = 5.2V
RPROG1 = 1 kΩ
RPROG3 = 25 kΩ
1.5
1
0.5
0
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
4
Charge Voltage (V)
0.4
3.5
3
4.5
Charge Current (A)
Charge Voltage (V)
4.5
4
Preconditioning
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Charge Current (A)
FIGURE 2-25:
1
Time (Minute)
FIGURE 2-28:
Typical Charge Profile in
Preconditioning (1000 mAh Battery).
DS22090B-page 13
MCP73871
NOTES:
DS22090B-page 14
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
3.0
PIN DESCRIPTION
The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1:
Pin
Number
PIN FUNCTION TABLES
Symbol
I/O
Function
1, 20
OUT
O
System Output Terminal
2
VPCC
I
Voltage proportional charge control
3
SEL
I
Input type selection (Low for USB port, High for ac-dc adapter)
4
PROG2
I
USB port input current limit selection when SEL = Low.
(Low = 100 mA, High = 500 mA)
5
THERM
I/O
Thermistor monitoring input and bias current
6
PG
O
Power-Good Status Output (Open-Drain)
7
STAT2
O
Charge Status Output 2 (Open-Drain)
8
STAT1 /
LBO
O
Charge Status Output 1 (Open-Drain). Low battery output indicator when
VBAT > VIN
9
TE
I
Timer Enable; Enables Safety Timer when active Low
10, 11, EP
VSS
—
Battery Management 0V Reference. EP (Exposed Thermal Pad); There is an
internal electrical connection between the exposed thermal pad and VSS. The EP
must be connected to the same potential as the VSS pin on the Printed Circuit
Board (PCB)
12
PROG3
I/O
Termination set point for both ac-dc adapter and USB port
13
PROG1
I/O
Fast charge current regulation setting with SEL = High. Preconditioning set point
for both USB port and ac-dc adapter.
14, 15
VBAT
I/O
Battery Positive Input and Output connection
16
VBAT_SENSE
I/O
17
CE
I
Device Charge Enable; Enabled when CE = High
18, 19
IN
I
Power Supply Input.
Battery Voltage Sense
Legend: I = Input, O = Output, I/O = Input/Output
Note:
3.1
The input pins should always tie to either High or Low, and never allow floating to ensure operation properly.
Power Supply Input (IN)
A supply voltage of VREG + 0.3V to 6V is
recommended. Bypass to VSS with a minimum of
4.7 µF.
3.2
System Output Terminal (OUT)
The MCP73871 device powers the system via output
terminals while independently charging the battery.
This feature reduces the charge and discharge cycles
on the battery, allows for proper charge termination and
the system to run with an absent or defective battery
pack. Also, this feature gives the system priority on
input power, allowing the system to power-up with
deeply depleted battery packs. Bypass to VSS with a
minimum of 4.7 µF is recommended.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
3.3
Voltage Proportional Charge
Control (VPCC)
If the voltage on the IN pin drops to a preset value,
determined by the threshold established at the VPCC
input, due to a limited amount of input current or input
source impedance, the battery charging current is
reduced. Further demand from the system is supported
by the battery, if possible. To active this feature, simply
supply 1.23V or greater to VPCC pin. This feature can
be disabled by connecting the VPCC pin to IN.
For example, a system is designed with a 5.5V rated
DC power supply with ±0.5V tolerance. The worst
condition of 5V is selected, which is used to calculate
the VPCC supply voltage with divider.
DS22090B-page 15
MCP73871
The voltage divider equation is shown below:
R2
V VPCC = ⎛ -------------------⎞ × V IN = 1.23V
⎝ R 1 + R 2⎠
110k Ω
1.23V = ⎛⎝ ------------------------------⎞⎠ × 5V
110k Ω + R 1
R 1 = 337.2kΩ
The calculated R1 equals to 337.2 kΩ when 110 kΩ is
selected for R2. The 330 kΩ resistor is selected for R1
to build the voltage divider for VPCC.
VIN
330 kΩ
VPCC
110 kΩ
FIGURE 3-1:
3.4
Voltage Divider Example.
Input Source Type Selection (SEL)
The input source type selection (SEL) pin is used to
select input power source for input current limit control
feature. With the SEL input High, the MCP73871
device is designed to provide a typical 1.65A to system
power and charge Li-Ion battery from a regular 5V wall
adapter. The MCP73871 device limits the input current
up to 1.8A. When SEL active Low, the input source is
designed to provide system power and Li-Ion battery
charging from a USB Port input while adhering to the
current limits governed by the USB specification.
3.5
Battery Management 0V Reference
(VSS)
Connect to negative terminal of battery, system load
and input supply.
3.6
Battery Charge Control Output
(VBAT)
Connect to positive terminal of Li-Ion / Li-Polymer
batteries. Bypass to VSS with a minimum of 4.7 µF to
ensure loop stability when the battery is disconnected.
3.7
Battery Voltage Sense
(VBAT_SENSE)
Connect to positive terminal of battery. A precision
internal voltage sense regulates the final voltage on
this pin to VREG.
DS22090B-page 16
3.8
Charge Current Regulation Set
(PROG1)
The maximum constant charge current is set by placing
a resistor from PROG1 to VSS. PROG1 sets the
maximum constant charge current for both ac-dc
adapter and USB port. However, the actual charge
current is based on input source type and system load
requirement.
3.9
USB-Port Current Regulation Set
(PROG2)
The MCP73871 device USB-Port current regulation set
input (PROG2) is a digital input selection. A logic Low
selects a 1 unit load input current from USB port
(100 mA); a logic High selects a 5 unit loads input
current from USB port (500 mA).
3.10
Charge Status Output 1 (STAT1)
STAT1 is an open-drain logic output for connection to
an LED for charge status indication. Alternatively, a
pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host
microcontroller. Refer to Table 5-1 for a summary of the
status output during a charge cycle.
3.11
Charge Status Output 2 (STAT2)
STAT2 is an open-drain logic output for connection to
an LED for charge status indication. Alternatively, a
pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host
microcontroller. Refer to Table 5-1 for a summary of the
status output during a charge cycle.
3.12
Power-Good (PG)
The power-good (PG) is an open-drain logic output for
input power supply indication. The PG output is low
whenever the input to the MCP73871 device is above
the UVLO threshold and greater than the battery
voltage. The PG output can be used as an indication to
the user via an illuminated LED or to the system via a
pull-up resistor for interfacing to a host microcontroller
that an input source other than the battery is supplying
power. Refer to Table 5-1 for a summary of the status
output during a charge cycle.
3.13
Low Battery Output (LBO)
STAT1 also serves as low battery output (LBO) if the
selected MCP73871 is equipped with this feature. It
reminds the system or end user when the Li-Ion battery
voltage level is low. The LBO feature enables when the
system is running from the Li-Ion batteries. The LBO
indicator can be used as an indication to the user via lit
up LED or to the system via a pull-up resistor for
interfacing to a host microcontroller that an input
source other than the battery is supplying power. Refer
to Table 5-1 for a summary of the status output during
a charge cycle.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
3.14
Timer Enable (TE)
The timer enable (TE) feature is used to enable or
disable the internal timer. A low signal on this pin
enables the internal timer and a high signal disables
the internal timer. The TE input can be used to disable
the timer when the system load is substantially limiting
the available supply current to charge the battery. The
TE input is compatible with 1.8V logic.
Note:
3.15
The built-in safety timer is available for the
following options: 4 HR, 6 HR and 8 HR.
Battery Temperature Monitor
(THERM)
3.16
Charge Enable (CE)
With the CE input Low, the Li-Ion battery charger
feature of the MCP73871 will be disabled. The charger
feature is enabled when CE is active High. Allowing the
CE pin to float during the charge cycle may cause
system instability. The CE input is compatible with 1.8V
logic. Refer to Section 6.0 “Applications” for various
applications in designing with CE features.
3.17
Exposed Thermal Pad (EP)
There is an internal electrical connection between the
Exposed Thermal Pad (EP) and the VSS pin; they must
be connected to the same potential.
The MCP73871 device continuously monitor battery
temperature during a charge cycle by measuring the
voltage between the THERM and VSS pins. An internal
50 µA current source provides the bias for most
common 10 kΩ negative-temperature coefficient
thermistors (NTC). The MCP73871 device compares
the voltage at the THERM pin to factory set thresholds
of 1.24V and 0.25V, typically. Once a voltage outside
the thresholds is detected during a charge cycle, the
MCP73871 device immediately suspends the charge
cycle. The charge cycle resumes when the voltage at
the THERM pin returns to the normal range. The
charge temperature window can be set by placing fixed
value resistors in series-parallel with a thermistor.
Refer to Section 6.0 “Applications” for calculations
of resistance values.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 17
MCP73871
NOTES:
DS22090B-page 18
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
4.0
DEVICE OVERVIEW
The MCP73871 device is a simple, but fully integrated
linear charge management controllers with system
load sharing feature. Figure 4-1 depicts the
operational flow algorithm.
SHUTDOWN MODE *
VDD < VUVLO
VDD < VBAT
STAT1 = Hi-Z
STAT2 = Hi-Z
PG = Hi-Z
* Continuously Monitored
STANDBY MODE *
VBAT > (VREG +100 mV)
CE = LOW
STAT1 = Hi-Z
STAT2 = Hi-Z
PG = LOW
LBO *
VIN < VBAT
STAT1 = LOW
STAT2 = Hi-Z
PG = Hi-Z
VBAT < VPTH
PRECONDITIONING MODE
Charge Current = IPREG
STAT1 = LOW
STAT2 = Hi-Z
PG = LOW
Timer Reset
VBAT > VPTH
TEMPERATURE FAULT
No Charge Current
STAT1 = LOW
STAT2 = LOW
PG = LOW
Timer Suspended
FAST CHARGE MODE
Charge Current = IREG
STAT1 = LOW
STAT2 = Hi-Z
PG = LOW
Timer Enabled
VBAT > VPTH
Timer Expired
TIMER FAULT
No Charge Current
STAT1 = LOW
STAT2 = LOW
PG = LOW
Timer Reset
CONSTANT VOLTAGE MODE
Charge Voltage = VREG
STAT1 = LOW
STAT2 = Hi-Z
PG = LOW
IBAT < ITERM
Timer Expired
CHARGE COMPLETE MODE
No Charge Current
STAT1 = Hi-Z
STAT2 = LOW
PG = LOW
Timer Reset
FIGURE 4-1:
MCP73871 Device Flow Chart.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 19
MCP73871
4.1
UnderVoltage Lockout (UVLO)
4.4
An internal undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit
monitors the input voltage and keeps the charger in
shutdown mode until the input supply rises above the
UVLO threshold.
In the event a battery is present when the input power
is applied, the input supply must rise approximately
100 mV above the battery voltage before the
MCP73871 device become operational.
The UVLO circuit places the device in shutdown mode
if the input supply falls to approximately 100 mV of the
battery voltage.
The UVLO circuit is always active. At any time, the
input supply is below the UVLO threshold or
approximately 100 mV of the voltage at the VBAT pin,
the MCP73871 device is placed in a shutdown mode.
During any UVLO condition, the battery reverse
discharge current shall be less than 2 µA.
4.2
System Load Sharing
The system load sharing feature gives the system
priority on input power, allowing the system to
power-up with deeply depleted battery packs.
With the SEL input active Low, the MCP73871 device
is designed to provide system power and Li-Ion battery
charging from a USB input while adhering to the current
limits governed by the USB specification.
With the SEL input active High, the MCP73871 device
limits the total supply current to 1.8A (system power
and charge current combined).
IN
System
Power
FET
If the voltage at the VBAT pin is less than the
preconditioning threshold, the MCP73871 device
enters a preconditioning mode. The preconditioning
threshold is factory set. Refer to Section 1.0
“Electrical Characteristics” for preconditioning
threshold options.
In this mode, the MCP73871 device supplies 10% of
the fast charge current (established with the value of
the resistor connected to the PROG1 pin) to the
battery.
When the voltage at the VBAT pin rises above the
preconditioning threshold, the MCP73871 device
enters the constant current (fast charge) mode.
4.5
During the constant current mode, the programmed
charge current is supplied to the battery or load. The
charge current is established using a single resistor
from PROG1 to VSS. The program resistor and the
charge current are calculated using the following
equation:
EQUATION 4-1:
0.2Ω
0.2Ω
OUT
Ideal
Diode,
Synchronous
Switch
RPROG
=
kilo-ohms (kΩ)
IREG
=
milliampere (mA)
When constant current mode is invoked, the internal
timer is reset.
4.5.1
VBAT
FIGURE 4-2:
Diagram.
4.3
Direction
Control
System Load Sharing
Charge Qualification
For a charge cycle to begin, all UVLO conditions must
be met and a battery or output load must be present.
A charge current programming resistor must be
connected from PROG1 to VSS when SEL = High.
When SEL = Low, PROG2 needs to tie to High or Low
for proper operation.
DS22090B-page 20
1000VI REG = ------------------R PROG1
Where:
Charge
Control
Charge
FET
Constant Current Mode - Fast
Charge
Constant current mode is maintained until the voltage
at the VBAT pin reaches the regulation voltage, VREG.
Direction
Control
Current
Limit
Preconditioning
TIMER EXPIRED DURING
CONSTANT CURRENT - FAST
CHARGE MODE
If the internal timer expires before the recharge voltage
threshold is reached, a timer fault is indicated and the
charge cycle terminates. The MCP73871 device
remains in this condition until the battery is removed. If
the battery is removed, the MCP73871 device enters
the Stand-by mode where it remains until a battery is
reinserted.
4.6
Constant Voltage Mode
When the voltage at the VBAT pin reaches the
regulation voltage, VREG, constant voltage regulation
begins. The regulation voltage is factory set to 4.10V
or 4.20V with a tolerance of ±0.5%.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
Charge Termination
The charge cycle is terminated when, during constant
voltage mode, the average charge current diminishes
below a threshold established with the value of a
resistor connected from PROG3 to VSS or internal timer
has expired. A 1 ms filter time on the termination
comparator ensures that transient load conditions do
not result in premature charge cycle termination. The
timer period is factory set and can be disabled. Refer to
Section 1.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for timer
period options.
The program resistor and the charge current are
calculated using the following equation:
EQUATION 4-2:
I TERMINATION
Where:
1000V= ------------------R PROG3
RPROG
=
kilo-ohms (kΩ)
IREG
=
milliampere (mA)
Automatic Recharge
The MCP73871 device continuously monitors the
voltage at the VBAT pin in the charge complete mode. If
the voltage drops below the recharge threshold,
another charge cycle begins and current is once again
supplied to the battery or load. The recharge threshold
is factory set. Refer to Section 1.0 “Electrical
Characteristics” for recharge threshold options.
Note:
Thermal Regulation
The MCP73871 device limits the charge current based
on the die temperature. The thermal regulation
optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining
device reliability. Figure 4-3 depicts the thermal
regulation for the MCP73871 device. Refer to
Section 1.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for thermal
package resistances and Section 6.1.1.2 “Thermal
Considerations” for calculating power dissipation.
.
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
VDD = 5.2V
RPROG = 1 kΩ
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Ambient Temperature (°C)
The charge current is latched off and the MCP73871
device enters a charge complete mode. The
recommended PROG3 resistor values are between
5 kΩ and 100 kΩ.
4.8
4.9
Charge Current (mA)
4.7
Charge termination and automatic
recharge features avoid constant charging
Li-Ion batteries to prolong life of Li-Ion
batteries while keeping their capacity at
healthy level.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 4-3:
4.10
Thermal Regulation
Thermal Shutdown
The MCP73871 device suspends charge if the die
temperature exceeds 150°C. Charging will resume
when the die temperature has cooled by approximately
10°C. The thermal shutdown is a secondary safety
feature in the event that there is a failure within the
thermal regulation circuitry.
4.11
Temperature Qualification
The MCP73871 device continuously monitor battery
temperature during a charge cycle by measuring the
voltage between the THERM and VSS pins. An internal
50 µA current source provides the bias for most
common 10 kΩ negative-temperature coefficient
thermistors (NTC). The MCP73871 device compares
the voltage at the THERM pin to factory set thresholds
of 1.24V and 0.25V, typically. Once a voltage outside
the thresholds is detected during a charge cycle, the
MCP73871 device immediately suspends the charge
cycle. The MCP73871 device suspends charge by
turning off the charge pass transistor and holding the
timer value. The charge cycle resumes when the
voltage at the THERM pin returns to the normal range.
DS22090B-page 21
MCP73871
Voltage Proportional Charge
Control (VPCC)
If the voltage on the IN pin drops to a preset value,
determined by the threshold established at the VPCC
input, due to a limited amount of input current or input
source impedance, then the battery charging current is
reduced. The VPCC control tries to reach a
steady-state condition where the system load has
priority and the battery is charged with the remaining
current. Therefore, if the system demands more
current than the input can provide, the ideal diode will
become forward biased and the battery is able to
supplement the input current to the system load.
The VPCC sustains the system load as its highest
priority. It does this by reducing the noncritical charge
current while maintaining the maximum power output of
the adapter. Further demand from the system is
supported by the battery, if possible.
The VPCC feature functions identically for USB port or
ac-dc adapter inputs. This feature can be disabled by
connecting the VPCC to IN pin.
4.13
Input Current Limit Control (ICLC)
If the input current threshold is reached, then the
battery charging current is reduced. The ICLC tries to
reach a steady-state condition where the system load
has priority and the battery is charged with the
remaining current. No active control limits the current
to the system. Therefore, if the system demands more
current than the input can provide or the input ICLC is
reached, the ideal diode will become forward biased
and the battery is able to supplement the input current
to the system load.
The ICLC sustains the system load as its highest
priority. This is done by reducing the non-critical charge
current while adhering to the current limits governed by
the USB specification or the maximum ac-dc adapter
current supported. Further demand from the system is
supported by the battery, if possible.
Current (mA)
4.12
700
600
500
400
300
Input Current
Battery Current
200
100
Load Current
0
-100
Ideal
Diode
-200
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Load Current (mA)
FIGURE 4-4:
USB Port.
DS22090B-page 22
Input Current Limit Control -
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
5.0
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
5.1
Analog Circuitry
5.1.1
LOAD SHARING AND LI-ION
BATTERY MANAGEMENT INPUT
SUPPLY (VIN)
The VIN input is the input supply to the MCP73871
device. The MCP73871 device can be supplied by
either AC Adapter (VAC) or USB Port (VUSB) with SEL
pin. The MCP73871 device automatically powers the
system with the Li-Ion battery when the VIN input is not
present.
1.24V and 0.25V, typically. Once a voltage outside the
thresholds is detected during a charge cycle, the
MCP73871 device immediately suspends the charge
cycle.
The MCP73871 device suspends charge by turning off
the pass transistor and holding the timer value. The
charge cycle resumes when the voltage at the THERM
pin returns to the normal range.
If temperature monitoring is not required, place a
standard 10 kΩ resistor from THERM to VSS.
5.2
Digital Circuitry
5.2.1
5.1.2
FAST CHARGE CURRENT
REGULATION SET (PROG1)
STATUS INDICATORS AND
POWER-GOOD (PG)
For the MCP73871 device, the charge current
regulation can be scaled by placing a programming
resistor (RPROG1) from the PROG1 pin to VSS. The
program resistor and the charge current are calculated
using the following equation:
The charge status outputs have two different states:
Low (L), and High Impedance (Hi-Z). The charge status
outputs can be used to illuminate LEDs. Optionally, the
charge status outputs can be used as an interface to a
host microcontroller. Table 5-1 summarizes the state of
the status outputs during a charge cycle.
EQUATION 5-1:
TABLE 5-1:
I REG
1000V= ------------------R PROG1
Where:
STATUS OUTPUTS
STAT1
STAT2
PG
Shutdown (VDD = VBAT)
CHARGE CYCLE STATE
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Shutdown (VDD = IN)
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
L
RPROG
=
kilo-ohms (kΩ)
Preconditioning
L
Hi-Z
L
IREG
=
milliampere (mA)
Constant Current
L
Hi-Z
L
Constant Voltage
L
Hi-Z
L
The fast charge current is set for maximum charge
current from ac-dc adapter and USB port. The
preconditioning current is 10% (0.1C) to the fast
charge current.
5.1.3
BATTERY CHARGE CONTROL
OUTPUT (VBAT)
The battery charge control output is the drain terminal
of an internal P-channel MOSFET. The MCP73871
device provides constant current and voltage
regulation to the battery pack by controlling this
MOSFET in the linear region. The battery charge
control output should be connected to the positive
terminal of the battery pack.
5.1.4
TEMPERATURE QUALIFICATION
(THERM)
The MCP73871 device continuously monitors battery
temperature during a charge cycle by measuring the
voltage between the THERM and VSS pins. An internal
50 µA current source provides the bias for most
common 10 kΩ negative-temperature coefficient
(NTC) or positive-temperature coefficient (PTC)
thermistors.The current source is controlled, avoiding
measurement sensitivity to fluctuations in the supply
voltage (VDD). The MCP73871 device compares the
voltage at the THERM pin to factory set thresholds of
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
Charge Complete - Standby
Temperature Fault
Hi-Z
L
L
L
L
L
Timer Fault
L
L
L
Low Battery Output
L
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
No Battery Present
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
L
No Input Power Present
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
5.2.2
AC-DC ADAPTER AND USB PORT
POWER SOURCE REGULATION
SELECT (SEL)
With the SEL input Low, the MCP73871 device is
designed to provide system power and Li-Ion battery
charging from a USB input while adhering to the current
limits governed by the USB specification. The host
microcontroller has the option selecting either a
100 mA (L) or a 500 mA (H) current limit based on the
PROG2 input. With the SEL input High, the MCP73871
device limits the input current to 1.8A. The
programmed charge current is established using a
single resistor from PROG1 to VSS when driving SEL
High.
DS22090B-page 23
MCP73871
5.2.3
USB PORT CURRENT
REGULATION SELECT (PROG2)
Driving the PROG2 input to a logic Low selects the low
USB port source current setting (maximum 100 mA).
Driving the PROG2 input to a logic High selects the
high USB port source current setting (Maximum
500 mA).
5.2.4
5.2.5
TIMER ENABLE (TE) OPTION
The timer enable (TE) input option is used to enable or
disable the internal timer. A low signal on this pin
enables the internal timer and a high signal disables
the internal timer. The TE input can be used to disable
the timer when the charger is supplying current to
charge the battery and power the system load. The TE
input is compatible with 1.8V logic.
POWER-GOOD (PG)
The power-good (PG) option is a pseudo open-drain
output. The PG output can sink current, but not source
current. However, there is a diode path back to the
input, and as such, the output should only be pulled up
to the input. The PG output is low whenever the input
to the MCP73871 device is above the UVLO threshold
and greater than the battery voltage. The PG output
can be used as an indication to the system that an input
source other than the battery is supplying power.
DS22090B-page 24
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
6.0
APPLICATIONS
The MCP73871 device is designed to operate in
conjunction with a host microcontroller or in
stand-alone applications. The MCP73871 device
provides the preferred charge algorithm for Lithium-Ion
and Lithium-Polymer cells Constant-current followed
by Constant-voltage. Figure 6-1 depicts a typical
stand-alone MCP73871 application circuit, while
Figures 6-2 and 6-3 depict the accompanying charge
profile.
MCP73871 Device Typical Application
5V AC-DC Adapter
or
USB Port
18, 19
10 µF
470Ω
470Ω
470Ω
IN
OUT
1, 20
System
Load
4.7 µF
6
VBAT
PG
14, 15, 16
7 STAT2
8
330 kΩ
2
STAT1
LBO
4.7 µF
THERM 5
10 kΩ
PROG1
VPCC
NTC
13
Single-Cell
Li-Ion Battery
RPROG1
3
110 kΩ
Low
SEL
Hi
4
Low
Hi
9
Low
Low
17
Hi
3
MCP73871
VDD = 5.2V
RPROG1 = 1 kΩ
RPROG3 = 25 kΩ
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time (Minute)
FIGURE 6-2:
Typical Charge Profile
(1000 mAh Battery).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
4.5
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
4
Charge Voltage (V)
Charge Voltage (V)
3.5
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
3.5
3
Preconditioning Threshold Voltage
2.5
2
Fast Charge (Constant Current)
MCP73871
VDD = 5.2V
RPROG1 = 1 kΩ
RPROG3 = 25 kΩ
1.5
1
0.5
Preconditioning
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Charge Current (A)
MCP73871Typical Stand-Alone Application Circuit with VPCC.
4
10
12 RPROG3
VSS 10, 11, EP
CE
4.5
0
PROG3
TE
Charge Current (A)
FIGURE 6-1:
Hi
PROG2
1
Time (Minute)
FIGURE 6-3:
Typical Charge Profile in
Preconditioning (1000 mAh Battery).
DS22090B-page 25
MCP73871
6.1
Application Circuit Design
Due to the low efficiency of linear charging, the most
important factors are thermal design and cost, which
are a direct function of the input voltage, output current
and thermal impedance between the battery charger
and the ambient cooling air. The worst-case situation is
when the device has transitioned from the
Preconditioning mode to the Constant Current mode. In
this situation, the battery charger has to dissipate the
maximum power. A trade-off must be made between
the charge current, cost and thermal requirements of
the charger.
6.1.1
COMPONENT SELECTION
Selection of the external components in Figure 6-1 is
crucial to the integrity and reliability of the charging
system. The following discussion is intended as a guide
for the component selection process.
6.1.1.1
Charge Current
The preferred fast charge current for Lithium-Ion cells
should always follow references and guidances from
battery manufacturers. For example, a 1000 mAh
battery pack has a preferred fast charge current of
0.7C. Charging at 700 mA provides the shortest charge
cycle times without degradation to the battery pack
performance or life.
6.1.1.2
Thermal Considerations
The worst-case power dissipation in the battery
charger occurs when the input voltage is at the
maximum and the device has transitioned from the
Preconditioning mode to the Constant-current mode. In
this case, the power dissipation is:
EQUATION 6-1:
PowerDissipation = ( V DDMAX – V PTHMIN ) × I REGMAX
Where:
VDDMAX
=
the maximum input voltage
IREGMAX
=
the maximum fast charge current
VPTHMIN
=
the minimum transition threshold
voltage
This power dissipation with the battery charger in the
QFN-20 package will cause thermal regulation to be
entered as depicted. Alternatively, the 4 mm x 4 mm
DFN package could be utilized to reduce heat by
adding vias on the exposed pad.
6.1.1.3
The MCP73871 device is stable with or without a
battery load. In order to maintain good AC stability in
the Constant Voltage mode, a minimum capacitance of
4.7 µF is recommended to bypass the VBAT pin to VSS.
This capacitance provides compensation when there is
no battery load. In addition, the battery and
interconnections appear inductive at high frequencies.
These elements are in the control feedback loop during
Constant Voltage mode. Therefore, the bypass
capacitance may be necessary to compensate for the
inductive nature of the battery pack.
Virtually any good quality output filter capacitor can be
used, independent of the capacitor’s minimum
Effective Series Resistance (ESR) value. The actual
value of the capacitor (and its associated ESR)
depends on the output load current. A 4.7 µF ceramic,
tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor at the
output is usually sufficient to ensure stability for charge
currents up to a 1000 mA.
6.1.1.4
6.1.1.5
DS22090B-page 26
Temperature Monitoring
The charge temperature window can be set by placing
fixed value resistors in series-parallel with a thermistor.
The resistance values of RT1 and RT2 can be calculated
with the following equations in order to set the
temperature window of interest.
For NTC thermistors:
EQUATION 6-2:
R T2 × R COLD
24k Ω = R T1 + -------------------------------R T2 + R COLD
Where:
PowerDissipation = ( 5.5V – 2.7V ) × 550 mA = 1.54W
Reverse-Blocking Protection
The MCP73871 device provides protection from a
faulted or shorted input. Without the protection, a
faulted or shorted input would discharge the battery
pack through the body diode of the internal pass
transistor.
For example, power dissipation with a 5V, ±10% input
voltage source and 500 mA, ±10% fast charge current
is:
EXAMPLE 6-1:
External Capacitors
R T2 × R HOT
5k Ω = R T1 + ---------------------------R T2 + R HOT
RT1
=
the fixed series resistance
RT2
=
the fixed parallel resistance
RCOLD
=
the thermistor resistance at the
lower temperature of interest
RHOT
=
the thermistor resistance at the
upper temperature of interest
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
For example, by utilizing a 10 kΩ at 25°C NTC
thermistor with a sensitivity index, β, of 3892, the
charge temperature range can be set to 0°C - 50°C by
placing a 1.54 kΩ resistor in series (RT1), and a
69.8 kΩ resistor in parallel (RT2) with the thermistor.
6.1.1.6
Charge Status Interface
A status output provides information on the state of
charge. The output can be used to illuminate external
LEDs or interface to a host microcontroller. Refer to
Table 5-1 for a summary of the state of the status
output during a charge cycle.
6.1.1.7
6.2
PCB Layout Issues
For optimum voltage regulation, place the battery pack
as close as possible to the device’s VBAT and VSS pins,
recommended to minimize voltage drops along the
high current-carrying PCB traces.
If the PCB layout is used as a heatsink, adding many
vias in the heatsink pad can help conduct more heat to
the backplane of the PCB, thus reducing the maximum
junction temperature.
System Load Current
The preferred discharge current for Lithium-Ion cells
should always follow references and guidance from
battery manufacturers. Due to the safety concerns
when using Lithium-Ion batteries and power
dissipation of linear solutions, the system load when
design with the MCP73871 device is recommended to
be less than 1A or the maximum discharge rate of the
selected Lithium-Ion cell. Whichever is smaller is
recommended.
The idea diode between VBAT and OUT is designed to
drive a maximum current up to 2A. The built-in thermal
shutdown protection may turn the MCP73871 device
off with high current.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 27
MCP73871
NOTES:
DS22090B-page 28
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
7.0
PACKAGING
7.1
Package Marking Information
20-Lead QFN
XXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
YWWNNN
Example:
Part Number *
Part Number *
MCP73871-1AAI/ML
1AA
MCP73871T-1AAI/ML
MCP73871-1CAI/ML
1CA
MCP73871T-1CAI/ML
MCP73871-1CCI/ML
1CC
MCP73871T-1CCI/ML
MCP73871-2AAI/ML
2AA
MCP73871T-2AAI/ML
MCP73871-2CAI/ML
2CA
MCP73871T-2CAI/ML
MCP73871-2CCI/ML
2CC
MCP73871T-2CCI/ML
MCP73871-3CAI/ML
3CA
MCP73871T-3CAI/ML
MCP73871-3CCI/ML
3CC
MCP73871T-3CCI/ML
MCP73871-4CAI/ML
4CA
MCP73871T-4CAI/ML
MCP73871-4CCI/ML
4CC
MCP73871T-4CCI/ML
* Consult Factory for Alternative Device Options.
Legend: XX...X
Y
YY
WW
NNN
e3
*
Note:
Marking
Code
Marking
Code
1AA
1CA
1CC
2AA
2CA
2CC
3CA
3CC
4CA
4CC
73871
1AA
e3
I/ML^^
919256
Customer-specific information
Year code (last digit of calendar year)
Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
Alphanumeric traceability code
Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn)
This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 )
can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available
characters for customer-specific information.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 29
MCP73871
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D2
EXPOSED
PAD
e
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2
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b
2
1
1
K
N
N
NOTE 1
TOP VIEW
L
BOTTOM VIEW
A
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DS22090B-page 30
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
%
2
%&
%!%*") ' %
*$%
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%%133)))&
&3*
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 31
MCP73871
NOTES:
DS22090B-page 32
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
APPENDIX A:
REVISION HISTORY
Revision B (May 2009)
The following is the list of modifications:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Updated the QFN-20 package drawing.
Updated Equation 4-1.
Updated Section 4.7 “Charge Termination”
and Equation 4-2.
Updated Equation 5-1.
Revision A (July 2008)
• Original Release of this Document.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 33
MCP73871
NOTES:
DS22090B-page 34
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP73871
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.
PART NO.
Device
XX
Examples: * *
XX
X/
Output Temp. Package
Options*
Device:
MCP73871: USB/AC Battery Charger with PPM
MCP73871T: USB/AC Battery Charger with PPM
(Tape and Reel)
Output Options * *
* Refer to table below for different operational options.
a)
MCP73871-1AAI/ML:
b)
MCP73871-1CAI/ML:
c)
MCP73871-1CCI/ML:
d)
MCP73871-2AAI/ML:
e)
MCP73871-2CAI/ML:
f)
MCP73871-2CCI/ML:
g)
MCP73871-3CAI/ML:
h)
MCP73871-3CCI/ML:
* * Consult Factory for Alternative Device Options.
Temperature:
I
= -40°C to +85°C
Package Type:
ML = Plastic Quad Flat No Lead (QFN)
(4x4x0.9 mm Body), 20-lead
4.10V PPM Battery
Charger, 20LD QFN
pkg.
4.10V, PPM Battery
Charger, 20LD QFN
pkg.
4.10V, PPM Battery
Charger, 20LD QFN
pkg.
4.20V, PPM Battery
Charger, 20LD QFN
pkg.
4.20V PPM Battery
Charger, 20LD QFN
pkg.
4.20V PPM Battery
Charger, 20LD QFN
pkg.
4.35V PPM Battery
Charger, 20LD QFN
pkg.
4.35V PPM Battery
Charger, 20LD QFN
pkg.
* * Consult Factory for Alternative Device Options
* Operational Output Options
Output
Options
VREG
Safety Timer
Duration (Hours)
LBO Voltage
Threshold (V)
1AA
4.10V
Disable
Disabled
1CA
4.10V
6
Disabled
1CC
4.10V
6
3.1
2AA
4.20V
Disable
Disabled
2CA
4.20V
6
Disabled
2CC
4.20V
6
3.1
3CA
4.35V
6
Disabled
3CC
4.35V
6
3.1
4CA
4.40V
6
Disabled
4CC
4.40V
6
3.1
* * Consult Factory for Alternative Device Options.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 35
MCP73871
NOTES:
DS22090B-page 36
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
•
Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•
Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•
There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•
Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
•
Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is provided only for your convenience
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability
arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip
devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at
the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and
hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims,
suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip
intellectual property rights.
Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron,
dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro,
PICSTART, rfPIC, SmartShunt and UNI/O are registered
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.
FilterLab, Hampshire, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV,
MXLAB, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control
Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard,
dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB
Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, nanoWatt XLP,
PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICtail, PIC32 logo, PowerCal,
PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select
Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, WiperLock and ZENA are
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2009, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS22090B-page 37
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Tel: 86-25-8473-2460
Fax: 86-25-8473-2470
Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur
Tel: 60-3-6201-9857
Fax: 60-3-6201-9859
China - Qingdao
Tel: 86-532-8502-7355
Fax: 86-532-8502-7205
Malaysia - Penang
Tel: 60-4-227-8870
Fax: 60-4-227-4068
China - Shanghai
Tel: 86-21-5407-5533
Fax: 86-21-5407-5066
Philippines - Manila
Tel: 63-2-634-9065
Fax: 63-2-634-9069
China - Shenyang
Tel: 86-24-2334-2829
Fax: 86-24-2334-2393
Singapore
Tel: 65-6334-8870
Fax: 65-6334-8850
China - Shenzhen
Tel: 86-755-8203-2660
Fax: 86-755-8203-1760
Taiwan - Hsin Chu
Tel: 886-3-6578-300
Fax: 886-3-6578-370
China - Wuhan
Tel: 86-27-5980-5300
Fax: 86-27-5980-5118
Taiwan - Kaohsiung
Tel: 886-7-536-4818
Fax: 886-7-536-4803
China - Xiamen
Tel: 86-592-2388138
Fax: 86-592-2388130
Taiwan - Taipei
Tel: 886-2-2500-6610
Fax: 886-2-2508-0102
China - Xian
Tel: 86-29-8833-7252
Fax: 86-29-8833-7256
Thailand - Bangkok
Tel: 66-2-694-1351
Fax: 66-2-694-1350
Italy - Milan
Tel: 39-0331-742611
Fax: 39-0331-466781
Netherlands - Drunen
Tel: 31-416-690399
Fax: 31-416-690340
Spain - Madrid
Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Fax: 34-91-708-08-91
UK - Wokingham
Tel: 44-118-921-5869
Fax: 44-118-921-5820
China - Zhuhai
Tel: 86-756-3210040
Fax: 86-756-3210049
03/26/09
DS22090B-page 38
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.