MICROCHIP PIC16C505T

PIC16C505
14-Pin, 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller
Device included in this Data Sheet:
Special Microcontroller Features:
PIC16C505
•
•
•
•
High-Performance RISC CPU:
• Only 33 instructions to learn
• Operating speed:
- DC - 20 MHz clock input
- DC - 200 ns instruction cycle
•
•
•
•
•
Memory
Device
PIC16C505
Program
Data
1024 x 12
72 x 8
• Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes for
data and instructions
• 12 bit wide instructions
• 8 bit wide data path
• 2-level deep hardware stack
• Eight special function hardware registers
• Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes for
data and instructions
• All single cycle instructions (200 ns) except for
program branches which are two-cycle
Peripheral Features:
•
•
•
•
11 I/O pins with individual direction control
1 input pin
High current sink/source for direct LED drive
Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit
programmable prescaler
FIGURE 1:
PIN DIAGRAM:
PDIP, SOIC, Ceramic Side Brazed
1
2
3
4
5
6
14
PIC16C505
VDD
RB5/OSC1/CLKIN
RB4/OSC2/CLKOUT
RB3/MCLR/VPP
RC5/T0CKI
RC4
RC3
7
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
13
12
11
10
9
8
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP™)
Power-on Reset (POR)
Device Reset Timer (DRT)
Watchdog Timer (WDT) with dedicated on-chip
RC oscillator for reliable operation
Programmable Code Protection
Internal weak pull-ups on I/O pins
Wake-up from Sleep on pin change
Power-saving Sleep mode
Selectable oscillator options:
- INTRC: Precision internal 4 MHz oscillator
- EXTRC: External low-cost RC oscillator
- XT:
Standard crystal/resonator
- HS:
High speed crystal/resonator
- LP:
Power saving, low frequency
crystal
CMOS Technology:
• Low-power, high-speed CMOS EPROM
technology
• Fully static design
• Wide operating voltage range (2.5V to 5.5V)
• Wide temperature ranges
- Commercial: 0˚C to +70˚C
- Industrial: -40˚C to +85˚C
- Extended: -40˚C to +125˚C
- < 1.0 µA typical standby current @ 5V
• Low power consumption
- < 2.0 mA @ 5V, 4 MHz
- 15 µA typical @ 3.0V, 32 kHz for TMR0 running in SLEEP mode
- < 1.0 µA typical standby current @ 5V
VSS
RB0
RB1
RB2
RC0
RC1
RC2
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 1
PIC16C505
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
General Description..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0
PIC16C505 Device Varieties....................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.0
Architectural Overview ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.0
Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................................................ 11
5.0
I/O Port ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
6.0
Timer0 Module and TMR0 Register .......................................................................................................................................... 23
7.0
Special Features of the CPU..................................................................................................................................................... 27
8.0
Instruction Set Summary ........................................................................................................................................................... 39
9.0
Development Support................................................................................................................................................................ 51
10.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C505 ..................................................................................................................................... 55
11.0 DC and AC Characteristics - PIC16C505.................................................................................................................................. 65
12.0 Packaging Information............................................................................................................................................................... 69
INDEX .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
PIC16C505 Product Identification System ........................................................................................................................................... 77
To Our Valued Customers
We constantly strive to improve the quality of all our products and documentation. We have spent an exceptional
amount of time to ensure that these documents are correct. However, we realize that we may have missed a few
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DS40192A-page 2
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
1.0
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1
The PIC16C505 from Microchip Technology is a lowcost, high performance, 8-bit, fully static, EPROM/
ROM-based CMOS microcontroller. It employs a RISC
architecture with only 33 single word/single cycle
instructions. All instructions are single cycle (1 µs)
except for program branches which take two cycles.
The PIC16C505 delivers performance an order of magnitude higher than its competitors in the same price category. The 12-bit wide instructions are highly
symmetrical resulting in 2:1 code compression over
other 8-bit microcontrollers in its class. The easy to use
and easy to remember instruction set reduces
development time significantly.
The PIC16C505 product is equipped with special features that reduce system cost and power requirements.
The Power-On Reset (POR) and Device Reset Timer
(DRT) eliminate the need for external reset circuitry.
There are five oscillator configurations to choose from,
including INTRC internal oscillator mode and the
power-saving LP (Low Power) oscillator. Power saving
SLEEP mode, Watchdog Timer and code protection
features improve system cost, power and reliability.
Applications
The PIC16C505 fits perfectly in applications ranging
from personal care appliances and security systems to
low-power remote transmitters/receivers. The EPROM
technology makes customizing application programs
(transmitter codes, appliance settings, receiver frequencies, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The
small footprint packages, for through hole or surface
mounting, make this microcontroller perfect for applications with space limitations. Low-cost, low-power, high
performance, ease of use and I/O flexibility make the
PIC16C505 very versatile even in areas where no
microcontroller use has been considered before (e.g.,
timer functions, replacement of “glue” logic and PLD’s
in larger systems, coprocessor applications).
The PIC16C505 is available in the cost-effective OneTime-Programmable (OTP) version, which is suitable
for production in any volume. The customer can take
full advantage of Microchip’s price leadership in OTP
microcontrollers while benefiting from the OTP’s
flexibility.
The PIC16C505 product is supported by a full-featured
macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-circuit
emulator, a ‘C’ compiler, a low-cost development programmer, and a full featured programmer. All the tools
are supported on IBM PC and compatible machines.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 3
PIC16C505
TABLE 1-1:
PIC16C505 DEVICE
Clock
Maximum Frequency
of Operation (MHz)
20
EPROM Program Memory
1024
PIC16C505
Memory
Peripherals
Features
Data Memory (bytes)
72
Timer Module(s)
TMR0
Wake-up from SLEEP on
pin change
Yes
I/O Pins
11
Input Pins
1
Internal Pull-ups
Yes
In-Circuit Serial Programming
Yes
Number of Instructions
33
Packages
14-pin DIP, SOIC, JW
The PIC16C505 device has Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect,
high I/O current capability and precision internal oscillator.
The PIC16C505 device uses serial programming with data pin RB0 and clock pin RB1.
DS40192A-page 4
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
2.0
PIC16C505 DEVICE VARIETIES
A variety of packaging options are available.
Depending
on
application
and
production
requirements, the proper device option can be
selected using the information in this section. When
placing orders, please use the PIC16C505 Product
Identification System at the back of this data sheet to
specify the correct part number.
2.1
UV Erasable Devices
The UV erasable version, offered in ceramic side
brazed package, is optimal for prototype development
and pilot programs.
The UV erasable version can be erased and
reprogrammed to any of the configuration modes.
Note:
Please note that erasing the device will
also erase the pre-programmed internal
calibration value for the internal oscillator.
The calibration value must be saved prior
to erasing the part.
Microchip's PICSTART PLUS and PRO MATE programmers all support programming of the PIC16C505.
Third party programmers also are available; refer to the
Microchip Third Party Guide for a list of sources.
2.2
2.3
Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP)
Devices
Microchip offers a QTP Programming Service for
factory production orders. This service is made
available for users who choose not to program a
medium to high quantity of units and whose code
patterns have stabilized. The devices are identical to
the OTP devices but with all EPROM locations and fuse
options already programmed by the factory. Certain
code and prototype verification procedures do apply
before production shipments are available. Please contact your local Microchip Technology sales office for
more details.
2.4
Serialized Quick-Turnaround
Production (SQTPSM) Devices
Microchip offers a unique programming service where
a few user-defined locations in each device are
programmed with different serial numbers. The serial
numbers may be random, pseudo-random or
sequential.
Serial programming allows each device to have a
unique number which can serve as an entry-code,
password or ID number.
One-Time-Programmable (OTP)
Devices
The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for
customers who need the flexibility for frequent code
updates or small volume applications.
The OTP devices, packaged in plastic packages permit
the user to program them once. In addition to the
program memory, the configuration bits must also be
programmed.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 5
PIC16C505
NOTES:
DS40192A-page 6
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
3.0
ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
The high performance of the PIC16C505 can be
attributed to a number of architectural features
commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin
with, the PIC16C505 uses a Harvard architecture in
which program and data are accessed on separate
buses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von
Neumann architecture where program and data are
fetched on the same bus. Separating program and
data memory further allows instructions to be sized
differently than the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction
opcodes are 12-bits wide, making it possible to have
all single word instructions. A 12-bit wide program
memory access bus fetches a 12-bit instruction in a
single cycle. A two-stage pipeline overlaps fetch and
execution of instructions. Consequently, all instructions
(33) execute in a single cycle (200ns @ 20MHz)
except for program branches.
The PIC16C505 addresses 1K x 12 of program
memory. All program memory is internal.
The PIC16C505 can directly or indirectly address its
register files and data memory. All special function
registers, including the program counter, are mapped
in the data memory. The PIC16C505 has a highly
orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it
possible to carry out any operation on any register
using any addressing mode. This symmetrical nature
and lack of ‘special optimal situations’ make
programming with the PIC16C505 simple yet efficient.
In addition, the learning curve is reduced significantly.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
The PIC16C505 device contains an 8-bit ALU and
working register. The ALU is a general purpose
arithmetic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean
functions between data in the working register and any
register file.
The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition,
subtraction, shift and logical operations. Unless
otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's
complement in nature. In two-operand instructions,
typically one operand is the W (working) register. The
other operand is either a file register or an immediate
constant. In single operand instructions, the operand
is either the W register or a file register.
The W register is an 8-bit working register used for
ALU operations. It is not an addressable register.
Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may
affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC),
and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and
DC bits operate as a borrow and digit borrow out bit,
respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBWF and ADDWF
instructions for examples.
A simplified block diagram is shown in Figure 3-1, with
the corresponding device pins described in Table 3-1.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 7
PIC16C505
FIGURE 3-1:
PIC16C505 BLOCK DIAGRAM
12
Data Bus
Program Counter
EPROM
1K x 12
Program
Memory
8
Program 12
Bus
RAM Addr
9
Addr MUX
Instruction reg
Indirect
5-7 Addr
5
FSR reg
STATUS reg
8
3
Device Reset
Timer
Instruction
Decode &
Control
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2
Timing
Generation
RB0
RB1
RB2
RB3/MCLR/Vpp
RB4/OSC2/CLKOUT
RB5/OSC1/CLKIN
RAM
72 bytes
File
Registers
STACK1
STACK2
Direct Addr
PORTB
Power-on
Reset
PORTC
RC0
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC5/T0CKI
MUX
ALU
8
Watchdog
Timer
W reg
Internal RC
OSC
Timer0
MCLR
Vdd, Vss
DS40192A-page 8
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
TABLE 3-1:
PIC16C505 PINOUT DESCRIPTION
DIP
Pin #
SOIC
Pin #
I/O/P
Type
RB0
13
13
I/O
TTL/ST Bi-directional I/O port/ serial programming data. Can
be software programmed for internal weak pull-up and
wake-up from SLEEP on pin change. This buffer is a
Schmitt Trigger input when used in serial programming
mode.
RB1
12
12
I/O
TTL/ST Bi-directional I/O port/ serial programming clock. Can
be software programmed for internal weak pull-up and
wake-up from SLEEP on pin change. This buffer is a
Schmitt Trigger input when used in serial programming
mode.
Name
Buffer
Type
Description
RB2
11
11
I/O
TTL
Bi-directional I/O port.
RC0
10
10
I/O
TTL
Bi-directional I/O port.
RC1
9
9
I/O
TTL
Bi-directional I/O port.
RC2
8
8
I/O
TTL
Bi-directional I/O port.
RC3
7
7
I/O
TTL
Bi-directional I/O port.
RC4
6
6
I/O
TTL
Bi-directional I/O port.
RC5/T0CKI
5
5
I/O
ST
Bi-directional I/O port. Can be configured as T0CKI.
RB3/MCLR/VPP
4
4
I
TTL
Input port/master clear (reset) input/programming voltage input. When configured as MCLR, this pin is an
active low reset to the device. Voltage on MCLR/VPP
must not exceed VDD during normal device operation.
Can be software programmed for internal weak pull-up
and wake-up from SLEEP on pin change. Weak pullup only when configured as RB3.
RB4/OSC2/CLKOUT
3
3
I/O
TTL
Bi-directional I/O port/oscillator crystal output. Connections to crystal or resonator in crystal oscillator
mode (XT and LP modes only, RB4 in other modes).
Can be software programmed for internal weak pull-up
and wake-up from SLEEP on pin change. In EXTRC
and INTRC modes, the pin output can be configured to
CLKOUT, which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and
denotes the instruction cycle rate.
RB5/OSC1/CLKIN
2
2
I/O
TTL/ST Bidirectional IO port/oscillator crystal input/external
clock source input (RB5 in Internal RC mode only,
OSC1 in all other oscillator modes). TTL input when
RB5, ST input in external RC oscillator mode.
VDD
1
1
P
—
Positive supply for logic and I/O pins
VSS
14
14
P
—
Ground reference for logic and I/O pins
Legend: I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output, P = power, — = not used, TTL = TTL input,
ST = Schmitt Trigger input
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 9
PIC16C505
3.1
Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle
3.2
The clock input (OSC1/CLKIN pin) is internally divided
by four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature
clocks namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the
program counter is incremented every Q1, and the
instruction is fetched from program memory and
latched into instruction register in Q4. It is decoded
and executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The
clocks and instruction execution flow is shown in
Figure 3-2 and Example 3-1.
Instruction Flow/Pipelining
An Instruction Cycle consists of four Q cycles (Q1, Q2,
Q3 and Q4). The instruction fetch and execute are
pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction cycle
while decode and execute takes another instruction
cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction
effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction
causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO)
then two cycles are required to complete the
instruction (Example 3-1).
A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC)
incrementing in Q1.
In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is
latched into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1.
This instruction is then decoded and executed during
the Q2, Q3, and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read
during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4
(destination write).
FIGURE 3-2:
CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q1
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
OSC1
Q1
Q2
Internal
phase
clock
Q3
Q4
PC
PC
PC+1
Fetch INST (PC)
Execute INST (PC-1)
EXAMPLE 3-1:
PC+2
Fetch INST (PC+1)
Execute INST (PC)
Fetch INST (PC+2)
Execute INST (PC+1)
INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW
1. MOVLW 03H
2. MOVWF PORTB
3. CALL
SUB_1
4. BSF
PORTB, BIT1
Fetch 1
Execute 1
Fetch 2
Execute 2
Fetch 3
Execute 3
Fetch 4
Flush
Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch
instruction is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
DS40192A-page 10
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
4.0
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
FIGURE 4-1:
PIC16C505 memory is organized into program memory and data memory. For the PIC16C505, a paging
scheme is used. Program memory pages are accessed
using one STATUS register bit. Data memory banks
are accessed using the File Select Register (FSR).
4.1
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK FOR THE
PIC16C505
PC<11:0>
12
CALL, RETLW
Stack Level 1
Stack Level 2
Program Memory Organization
The PIC16C505 devices have a 12-bit Program
Counter (PC).
Reset Vector (note 1)
User Memory
Space
The 1K x 12 (0000h-03FFh) for the PIC16C505 are
physically implemented. Refer to Figure 4-1.
Accessing a location above this boundary will cause a
wrap-around within the first 1K x 12 space. The
effective reset vector is at 0000h, (see Figure 4-1).
Location 03FFh (PIC16C505) contains the internal
clock oscillator calibration value. This value should
never be overwritten.
0000h
01FFh
0200h
On-chip Program
Memory
1024 Word
03FFh
0400h
7FFh
Note 1: Address 0000h becomes the
effective reset vector. Location
03FFh (PIC16C505) contains the
MOVLW XX INTERNAL RC oscillator
calibration value.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 11
PIC16C505
4.2
Data Memory Organization
For the PIC16C505, the register file is composed of 8
special function registers, 24 general purpose
registers, and 48 general purpose registers that may
be addressed using a banking scheme (Figure 4-2).
Data memory is composed of registers, or bytes of
RAM. Therefore, data memory for a device is specified
by its register file. The register file is divided into two
functional groups: special function registers and
general purpose registers.
4.2.1
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE
The general purpose register file is accessed either
directly or indirectly through the file select register
FSR (Section 4.8).
The special function registers include the TMR0
register, the Program Counter (PC), the Status
Register, the I/O registers (ports), and the File Select
Register (FSR). In addition, special purpose registers
are used to control the I/O port configuration and
prescaler options.
The general purpose registers are used for data and
control information under command of the instructions.
FIGURE 4-2:
PIC16C505 REGISTER FILE MAP
FSR<6:5>
00
File Address
00h
INDF(1)
01h
TMR0
02h
PCL
03h
STATUS
04h
FSR
05h
OSCCAL
06h
PORTB
07h
PORTC
08h
General
Purpose
Registers
0Fh
10h
01
20h
DS40192A-page 12
60h
2Fh
4Fh
6Fh
30h
50h
70h
General
Purpose
Registers
3Fh
Bank 0
Note 1:
40h
11
Addresses map back to
addresses in Bank 0.
General
Purpose
Registers
1Fh
10
General
Purpose
Registers
5Fh
Bank 1
General
Purpose
Registers
7Fh
Bank 2
Bank 3
Not a physical register.
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
4.2.2
The special registers can be classified into two sets.
The special function registers associated with the
“core” functions are described in this section. Those
related to the operation of the peripheral features are
described in the section for each peripheral feature.
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers
used by the CPU and peripheral functions to control
the operation of the device (Table 4-1).
TABLE 4-1:
Address
Name
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER (SFR) SUMMARY
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1 Bit 0
Value on
Power-On
Reset
Value on
MCLR and
WDT Reset
Value on
Wake-up on
Pin Change
00h
INDF
Uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
01h
TMR0
8-bit real-time clock/counter
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
Low order 8 bits of PC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
02h
(1)
PCL
—
PAO
TO
PD
03h
STATUS
RBWUF
04h
FSR
Indirect data memory address pointer
05h
OSCCAL
N/A
TRISB
CAL5
CAL4
—
—
CAL3
CAL2
CAL1
Z
CAL0
DC
—
C
—
I/O control registers
0001 1xxx
000q quuu
100q quuu
110x xxxx
11uu uuuu
11uu uuuu
1000 00--
uuuu uu--
uuuu uu--
--11 1111
--11 1111
--11 1111
N/A
TRISC
—
—
--11 1111
--11 1111
--11 1111
N/A
OPTION
RBWU
RBPU
TOCS
TOSE
PSA
PS2
PS1
PS0
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
06h
PORTB
—
—
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0
--xx xxxx
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
07h
PORTC
—
—
RC5
RC4
RC3
RC2
RC1
RC0
--xx xxxx
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
I/O control registers
Legend: Shaded cellls not used by Port Registers, read as ‘0’, — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, x = unknown, u = unchanged.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 13
PIC16C505
4.3
STATUS Register
For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper three
bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register
as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).
This register contains the arithmetic status of the ALU,
the RESET status, and the page preselect bit.
It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF and
MOVWF instructions be used to alter the STATUS
register because these instructions do not affect the Z,
DC or C bits from the STATUS register. For other
instructions, which do affect STATUS bits, see
Instruction Set Summary.
The STATUS register can be the destination for any
instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS
register is the destination for an instruction that affects
the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is
disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to
the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are
not writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with
the STATUS register as destination may be different
than intended.
FIGURE 4-3:
R/W-0
RBWUF
bit7
STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS:03h)
R/W-0
—
R/W-0
PA0
R-1
TO
R-1
PD
R/W-x
Z
R/W-x
DC
6
5
4
3
2
1
R/W-x
C
bit0
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7:
RBWUF: IO reset bit
1 = Reset due to wake-up from SLEEP on pin change
0 = After power up or other reset
bit 6:
Unimplemented
bit 5:
PA0: Program page preselect bits
1 = Page 1 (200h - 3FFh)
0 = Page 0 (000h - 1FFh)
Each page is 512 bytes.
Using the PA0 bit as a general purpose read/write bit in devices which do not use it for program
page preselect is not recommended since this may affect upward compatibility with future products.
bit 4:
TO: Time-out bit
1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred
bit 3:
PD: Power-down bit
1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction
bit 2:
Z: Zero bit
1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero
bit 1:
DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF and SUBWF instructions)
ADDWF
1 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
0 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur
SUBWF
1 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur
0 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
bit 0:
C: Carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF, SUBWF and RRF, RLF instructions)
ADDWF
SUBWF
1 = A carry occurred
1 = A borrow did not occur
0 = A carry did not occur
0 = A borrow occurred
DS40192A-page 14
Preliminary
RRF or RLF
Load bit with LSB or MSB, respectively
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
4.4
OPTION Register
Note:
The OPTION register is a 8-bit wide, write-only
register which contains various control bits to
configure the Timer0/WDT prescaler and Timer0.
If TRIS bit is set to ‘0’, the wake-up on
change and pull-up functions are disabled
for that pin; i.e., note that TRIS overrides
OPTION control of RBPU and RBWU.
By executing the OPTION instruction, the contents of
the W register will be transferred to the OPTION
register. A RESET sets the OPTION<7:0> bits.
FIGURE 4-4:
W-1
RBWU
bit7
OPTION REGISTER
W-1
RBPU
W-1
T0CS
W-1
T0SE
W-1
PSA
W-1
PS2
W-1
PS1
6
5
4
3
2
1
bit 7:
RBWU: Enable wake-up on pin change (RB0, RB1, RB3, RB4)
1 = Disabled
0 = Enabled
bit 6:
RBPU: Enable weak pull-ups (RB0, RB1, RB3, RB4)
1 = Disabled
0 = Enabled
bit 5:
T0CS: Timer0 clock source select bit
1 = Transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Transition on internal instruction cycle clock, Fosc/4
bit 4:
T0SE: Timer0 source edge select bit
1 = Increment on high to low transition on the T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low to high transition on the T0CKI pin
bit 3:
PSA: Prescaler assignment bit
1 = Prescaler assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler assigned to Timer0
bit 2-0:
PS2:PS0: Prescaler rate select bits
Bit Value
Timer0 Rate
WDT Rate
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
1:2
1:4
1:8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256
1:1
1:2
1:4
1:8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
W-1
PS0
bit0
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit
- n = Value at POR reset
Reference Table 4-1 for
other resets.
DS40192A-page 15
PIC16C505
4.5
OSCCAL Register
The Oscillator Calibration (OSCCAL) register is used to
calibrate the internal 4 MHz oscillator. It contains six
bits for fine calibration.
FIGURE 4-5:
OSCCAL REGISTER (ADDRESS 05h)PIC16C505
R/W-1
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
CAL5
bit7
CAL4
CAL3
CAL2
CAL1
CAL0
U-0
—
U-0
—
bit0
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7-4: CAL<5:0>: Fine calibration
DS40192A-page 16
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
4.6
Program Counter
4.6.1
EFFECTS OF RESET
As a program instruction is executed, the Program
Counter (PC) will contain the address of the next
program instruction to be executed. The PC value is
increased by one every instruction cycle, unless an
instruction changes the PC.
The Program Counter is set upon a RESET, which
means that the PC addresses the last location in the
last page i.e., the oscillator calibration instruction. After
executing MOVLW XX, the PC will roll over to location
00h, and begin executing user code.
For a GOTO instruction, bits 8:0 of the PC are provided
by the GOTO instruction word. The PC Latch (PCL) is
mapped to PC<7:0>. Bit 5 of the STATUS register
provides page information to bit 9 of the PC (Figure 46).
The STATUS register page preselect bits are cleared
upon a RESET, which means that page 0 is preselected.
For a CALL instruction, or any instruction where the
PCL is the destination, bits 7:0 of the PC again are
provided by the instruction word. However, PC<8>
does not come from the instruction word, but is always
cleared (Figure 4-6).
Instructions where the PCL is the destination, or
Modify PCL instructions, include MOVWF PC, ADDWF
PC, and BSF PC,5.
Note:
Because PC<8> is cleared in the CALL
instruction, or any Modify PCL instruction,
all subroutine calls or computed jumps are
limited to the first 256 locations of any program memory page (512 words long).
FIGURE 4-6:
LOADING OF PC
BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS PIC16C505
GOTO Instruction
11 10
9
8 7
0
PC
Therefore, upon a RESET, a GOTO instruction will
automatically cause the program to jump to page 0
until the value of the page bits is altered.
4.7
Stack
PIC16C505 devices have a 12-bit wide hardware
push/pop stack.
A CALL instruction will push the current value of stack
1 into stack 2 and then push the current program
counter value, incremented by one, into stack level 1. If
more than two sequential CALL’s are executed, only
the most recent two return addresses are stored.
A RETLW instruction will pop the contents of stack level
1 into the program counter and then copy stack level 2
contents into level 1. If more than two sequential
RETLW’s are executed, the stack will be filled with the
address previously stored in level 2. Note that the
W register will be loaded with the literal value specified
in the instruction. This is particularly useful for the
implementation of data look-up tables within the
program memory.
PCL
Instruction Word
PA0
7
0
STATUS
CALL or Modify PCL Instruction
11 10
9
8 7
0
PC
PCL
Instruction Word
Reset to ‘0’
PA0
7
0
STATUS
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 17
PIC16C505
4.8
Indirect Data Addressing; INDF and
FSR Registers
EXAMPLE 4-2:
The INDF register is not a physical register.
Addressing INDF actually addresses the register
whose address is contained in the FSR register (FSR
is a pointer). This is indirect addressing.
EXAMPLE 4-1:
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
movlw
movwf
clrf
incf
btfsc
goto
NEXT
HOW TO CLEAR RAM
USING INDIRECT
ADDRESSING
0x10
FSR
INDF
FSR,F
FSR,4
NEXT
;initialize pointer
; to RAM
;clear INDF register
;inc pointer
;all done?
;NO, clear next
CONTINUE
•
•
•
•
Register file 07 contains the value 10h
Register file 08 contains the value 0Ah
Load the value 07 into the FSR register
A read of the INDF register will return the value
of 10h
• Increment the value of the FSR register by one
(FSR = 08)
• A read of the INDR register now will return the
value of 0Ah.
:
;YES, continue
The FSR is a 5-bit wide register. It is used in
conjunction with the INDF register to indirectly address
the data memory area.
The FSR<4:0> bits are used to select data memory
addresses 00h to 1Fh.
The device uses FSR6:5 to select between banks
0:3.
Reading INDF itself indirectly (FSR = 0) will produce
00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a
no-operation (although STATUS bits may be affected).
A simple program to clear RAM locations 10h-1Fh
using indirect addressing is shown in Example 4-2.
FIGURE 4-7:
DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING
Direct Addressing
(FSR)
6 5
bank select
4
Indirect Addressing
(opcode)
0
6
5
4
bank
location select
00
01
10
(FSR)
0
location select
11
00h
Addresses
map back to
addresses
in Bank 0.
Data
Memory(1)
0Fh
10h
1Fh
Bank 0
3Fh
Bank 1
5Fh
Bank 2
7Fh
Bank 3
Note 1: For register map detail see Section 4.2.
DS40192A-page 18
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
5.0
I/O PORT
5.4
As with any other register, the I/O register can be
written and read under program control. However,
read instructions (e.g., MOVF PORTB,W) always read
the I/O pins independent of the pin’s input/output
modes. On RESET, all I/O ports are defined as input
(inputs are at hi-impedance) since the I/O control
registers are all set.
5.1
PORTB
PORTB is an 8-bit I/O register. Only the low order 6
bits are used (RB5:RB0). Bits 7 and 6 are
unimplemented and read as '0's. Please note that RB3
is an input only pin. The configuration word can set
several I/O’s to alternate functions. When acting as
alternate functions the pins will read as ‘0’ during port
read. Pins RB0, RB1, RB3 and RB4 can be configured
with weak pull-ups and also with wake-up on change.
The wake-up on change and weak pull-up functions
are not pin selectable. If pin 4 is configured as MCLR,
weak pull-up is always off and wake-up on change for
this pin is not enabled.
5.2
PORTC
PORTC is an 8-bit I/O register. Only the low order 6
bits are used (RC5:RC0). Bits 7 and 6 are unimplemented and read as ‘0’s.
5.3
Note:
The equivalent circuit for an I/O port pin is shown in
Figure 5-1. All port pins, except RB3 which is input
only, may be used for both input and output
operations. For input operations these ports are nonlatching. Any input must be present until read by an
input instruction (e.g., MOVF PORTB,W). The outputs
are latched and remain unchanged until the output
latch is rewritten. To use a port pin as output, the
corresponding direction control bit in TRIS must be
cleared (= 0). For use as an input, the corresponding
TRIS bit must be set. Any I/O pin (except RB3) can be
programmed individually as input or output.
FIGURE 5-1:
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
FOR A SINGLE I/O PIN
Data
Bus
D
WR
Port
W
Reg
Q
Data
Latch
CK
VDD
Q
P
N
D
Q
TRIS
Latch
TRIS ‘f’
TRIS Registers
The output driver control register is loaded with the
contents of the W register by executing the TRIS f
instruction. A '1' from a TRIS register bit puts the
corresponding output driver in a hi-impedance mode.
A '0' puts the contents of the output data latch on the
selected pins, enabling the output buffer. The
exceptions are RB3 which is input only and RC5 which
may be controlled by the option register, see Figure 44.
I/O Interfacing
CK
I/O
pin(1)
VSS
Q
Reset
RD Port
Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.
A read of the ports reads the pins, not the
output data latches. That is, if an output
driver on a pin is enabled and driven high,
but the external system is holding it low, a
read of the port will indicate that the pin is
low.
The TRIS registers are “write-only” and are set (output
drivers disabled) upon RESET.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 19
PIC16C505
TABLE 5-1:
Address
SUMMARY OF PORT REGISTERS
Name
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1 Bit 0
Value on
Power-On
Reset
Value on
MCLR and
WDT Reset
Value on
Wake-up on
Pin Change
Bit 7
Bit 6
N/A
TRISB
—
—
I/O control registers
--11 1111
--11 1111
--11 1111
N/A
TRISC
—
—
I/O control registers
--11 1111
--11 1111
--11 1111
N/A
OPTION
RBWU
RBPU
TOCS
TOSE
PSA
PS2
PS1
PS0
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
03h
STATUS
RBWUF
—
PAO
TO
PD
Z
DC
C
0001 1xxx
000q quuu
06h
PORTB
—
—
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0
--xx xxxx
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
07h
PORTC
—
—
RC5
RC4
RC3
RC2
RC1
RC0
--xx xxxx --uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
100q quuu
Legend: Shaded cellls not used by Port Registers, read as ‘0’, — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, x = unknown, u = unchanged.
5.5
I/O Programming Considerations
5.5.1
BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS
EXAMPLE 5-1:
Some instructions operate internally as read followed
by write operations. The BCF and BSF instructions, for
example, read the entire port into the CPU, execute
the bit operation and re-write the result. Caution must
be used when these instructions are applied to a port
where one or more pins are used as input/outputs. For
example, a BSF operation on bit5 of PORTB will cause
all eight bits of PORTB to be read into the CPU, bit5 to
be set and the PORTB value to be written to the output
latches. If another bit of PORTB is used as a bidirectional I/O pin (say bit0) and it is defined as an
input at this time, the input signal present on the pin
itself would be read into the CPU and rewritten to the
data latch of this particular pin, overwriting the
previous content. As long as the pin stays in the input
mode, no problem occurs. However, if bit0 is switched
into output mode later on, the content of the data latch
may now be unknown.
Example 5-1 shows the effect of two sequential readmodify-write instructions (e.g., BCF, BSF, etc.) on an I/
O port.
A pin actively outputting a high or a low should not be
driven from external devices at the same time in order
to change the level on this pin (“wired-or”, “wiredand”). The resulting high output currents may damage
the chip.
DS40192A-page 20
READ-MODIFY-WRITE
INSTRUCTIONS ON AN
I/O PORT
;Initial PORTB Settings
; PORTB<5:3> Inputs
; PORTB<2:0> Outputs
;
;
PORTB latch PORTB pins
;
---------- ---------BCF
PORTB, 5
;--01 -ppp
--11 pppp
BCF
PORTB, 4
;--10 -ppp
--11 pppp
MOVLW 007h
;
TRIS PORTB
;--10 -ppp
--11 pppp
;
;Note that the user may have expected the pin
;values to be --00 pppp. The 2nd BCF caused
;RB5 to be latched as the pin value (High).
5.5.2
SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON I/O
PORTS
The actual write to an I/O port happens at the end of
an instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data
must be valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle
(Figure 5-2). Therefore, care must be exercised if a
write followed by a read operation is carried out on the
same I/O port. The sequence of instructions should
allow the pin voltage to stabilize (load dependent)
before the next instruction, which causes that file to be
read into the CPU, is executed. Otherwise, the
previous state of that pin may be read into the CPU
rather than the new state. When in doubt, it is better to
separate these instructions with a NOP or another
instruction not accessing this I/O port.
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
FIGURE 5-2:
SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
PC
Instruction
fetched
MOVWF PORTB
PC + 1
MOVF PORTB,W
PC + 2
PC + 3
NOP
NOP
This example shows a write to PORTB
followed by a read from PORTB.
Data setup time = (0.25 TCY – TPD)
where: TCY = instruction cycle.
RB5:RB0
TPD = propagation delay
Port pin
written here
Instruction
executed
MOVWF PORTB
(Write to
PORTB)
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Port pin
sampled here
MOVF PORTB,W
(Read
PORTB)
Therefore, at higher clock frequencies, a
write followed by a read may be problematic.
NOP
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 21
PIC16C505
NOTES:
DS40192A-page 22
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
6.0
TIMER0 MODULE AND
TMR0 REGISTER
Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit
(OPTION<5>). In this mode, Timer0 will increment
either on every rising or falling edge of pin T0CKI. The
T0SE bit (OPTION<4>) determines the source edge.
Clearing the T0SE bit selects the rising edge.
Restrictions on the external clock input are discussed
in detail in Section 6.1.
The Timer0 module has the following features:
• 8-bit timer/counter register, TMR0
- Readable and writable
• 8-bit software programmable prescaler
• Internal or external clock select
- Edge select for external clock
Figure 6-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer0
module.
Timer mode is selected by clearing the T0CS bit
(OPTION<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 module will
increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). If
TMR0 register is written, the increment is inhibited for
the following two cycles (Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3).
The user can work around this by writing an adjusted
value to the TMR0 register.
FIGURE 6-1:
The prescaler may be used by either the Timer0
module or the Watchdog Timer, but not both. The
prescaler assignment is controlled in software by the
control bit PSA (OPTION<3>). Clearing the PSA bit
will assign the prescaler to Timer0. The prescaler is
not readable or writable. When the prescaler is
assigned to the Timer0 module, prescale values of 1:2,
1:4,..., 1:256 are selectable. Section 6.2 details the
operation of the prescaler.
A summary of registers associated with the Timer0
module is found in Table 6-1.
TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Data bus
RC5/T0CKI
Pin
FOSC/4
0
PSout
1
1
Programmable
Prescaler(2)
0
T0SE
8
Sync with
Internal
Clocks
TMR0 reg
PSout
(2 cycle delay) Sync
3
T0CS(1)
PS2, PS1, PS0(1)
PSA(1)
Note 1: Bits T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2, PS1 and PS0 are located in the OPTION register.
2: The prescaler is shared with the Watchdog Timer (Figure 6-5).
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 23
PIC16C505
FIGURE 6-2:
TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/NO PRESCALE
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
PC
(Program
Counter)
PC-1
Instruction
Fetch
PC
PC+1
MOVWF TMR0
MOVF TMR0,W
T0
Timer0
T0+1
Instruction
Executed
FIGURE 6-3:
PC+4
T0+2
NT0
NT0
Write TMR0
executed
Read TMR0
reads NT0
Read TMR0
reads NT0
PC+5
MOVF TMR0,W
NT0
NT0+1
Read TMR0
reads NT0 + 1
Read TMR0
reads NT0
PC+6
MOVF TMR0,W
NT0+2
Read TMR0
reads NT0 + 2
TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/PRESCALE 1:2
PC-1
Instruction
Fetch
PC
PC+1
MOVWF TMR0
MOVF TMR0,W
Instruction
Execute
PC+3
PC+4
MOVF TMR0,W
PC+5
MOVF TMR0,W
Read TMR0
reads NT0
Read TMR0
reads NT0
PC+6
MOVF TMR0,W
NT0+1
NT0
Write TMR0
executed
TABLE 6-1:
PC+2
MOVF TMR0,W
T0+1
T0
Timer0
01h
PC+3
MOVF TMR0,W
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
PC
(Program
Counter)
Address
PC+2
MOVF TMR0,W
Read TMR0
reads NT0
Read TMR0
reads NT0
T0
Read TMR0
reads NT0 + 1
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Name
TMR0
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Timer0 - 8-bit real-time clock/counter
Value on
Power-On
Reset
Value on
Value on
MCLR and Wake-up on
WDT Reset Pin Change
xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
N/A
OPTION RBWU RBPU T0CS T0SE PSA PS2
N/A
TRISB
I/O control registers
PS1
PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
--11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111
N/A
TRISC
I/O control registers
--11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111
Legend: Shaded cells not used by Timer0, - = unimplemented, x = unknown, u = unchanged,
DS40192A-page 24
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
6.1
Using Timer0 with an External Clock
When a prescaler is used, the external clock input is
divided by the asynchronous ripple counter-type
prescaler so that the prescaler output is symmetrical.
For the external clock to meet the sampling
requirement, the ripple counter must be taken into
account. Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to have a
period of at least 4TOSC (and a small RC delay of
40 ns) divided by the prescaler value. The only
requirement on T0CKI high and low time is that they
do not violate the minimum pulse width requirement of
10 ns. Refer to parameters 40, 41 and 42 in the
electrical specification of the desired device.
When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it
must meet certain requirements. The external clock
requirement is due to internal phase clock (TOSC)
synchronization. Also, there is a delay in the actual
incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization.
6.1.1
EXTERNAL CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION
When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is
the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization
of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is
accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the
Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks
(Figure 6-4). Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be
high for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns)
and low for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of
20 ns). Refer to the electrical specification of the
desired device.
FIGURE 6-4:
6.1.2
TIMER0 INCREMENT DELAY
Since the prescaler output is synchronized with the
internal clocks, there is a small delay from the time the
external clock edge occurs to the time the Timer0
module is actually incremented. Figure 6-4 shows the
delay from the external clock edge to the timer
incrementing.
TIMER0 TIMING WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
External Clock Input or
Prescaler Output (2)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Small pulse
misses sampling
(1)
External Clock/Prescaler
Output After Sampling
(3)
Increment Timer0 (Q4)
Timer0
T0
T0 + 1
T0 + 2
Note 1: Delay from clock input change to Timer0 increment is 3Tosc to 7Tosc. (Duration of Q = Tosc).
Therefore, the error in measuring the interval between two edges on Timer0 input = ± 4Tosc max.
2: External clock if no prescaler selected, Prescaler output otherwise.
3: The arrows indicate the points in time where sampling occurs.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 25
PIC16C505
6.2
Prescaler
EXAMPLE 6-1:
An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the
Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog
Timer (WDT), respectively (Section 7.6). For simplicity,
this counter is being referred to as “prescaler”
throughout this data sheet. Note that the prescaler
may be used by either the Timer0 module or the WDT,
but not both. Thus, a prescaler assignment for the
Timer0 module means that there is no prescaler for
the WDT, and vice-versa.
1.CLRWDT
;Clear WDT
2.CLRF
TMR0
;Clear TMR0 & Prescaler
3.MOVLW '00xx1111’b; ;These 3 lines (5, 6, 7)
4.OPTION
; are required only if
; desired
5.CLRWDT
;PS<2:0> are 000 or 001
6.MOVLW '00xx1xxx’b ;Set Postscaler to
7.OPTION
; desired WDT rate
To change prescaler from the WDT to the Timer0
module, use the sequence shown in Example 6-2. This
sequence must be used even if the WDT is disabled. A
CLRWDT instruction should be executed before switching
the prescaler.
The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION<3:0>)
determine prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.
When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions
writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,
BSF 1,x, etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned
to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler
along with the WDT. The prescaler is neither readable
nor writable. On a RESET, the prescaler contains all
'0's.
6.2.1
EXAMPLE 6-2:
CHANGING PRESCALER
(WDT→TIMER0)
CLRWDT
MOVLW
'xxxx0xxx'
SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT
;Clear WDT and
;prescaler
;Select TMR0, new
;prescale value and
;clock source
OPTION
The prescaler assignment is fully under software control
(i.e., it can be changed “on the fly” during program
execution). To avoid an unintended device RESET, the
following instruction sequence (Example 6-1) must be
executed when changing the prescaler assignment from
Timer0 to the WDT.
FIGURE 6-5:
CHANGING PRESCALER
(TIMER0→WDT)
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER
TCY ( = Fosc/4)
Data Bus
0
RC5/T0CKI
Pin
1
8
M
U
X
1
M
U
X
0
T0SE
T0CS
0
Watchdog
Timer
1
M
U
X
Sync
2
Cycles
TMR0 reg
PSA
8-bit Prescaler
8
8 - to - 1MUX
PS2:PS0
PSA
WDT Enable bit
1
0
MUX
PSA
WDT
Time-Out
Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION register.
DS40192A-page 26
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
7.0
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
CPU
The PIC16C505 has a Watchdog Timer which can be
shut off only through configuration bit WDTE. It runs
off of its own RC oscillator for added reliability. If using
HS, XT or LP selectable oscillator options, there is
always an 18 ms (nominal) delay provided by the
Device Reset Timer (DRT), intended to keep the chip
in reset until the crystal oscillator is stable. If using
INTRC or EXTRC there is an 18 ms delay only on VDD
power-up. With this timer on-chip, most applications
need no external reset circuitry.
What sets a microcontroller apart from other
processors are special circuits to deal with the needs
of real-time applications. The PIC16C505 family of
microcontrollers has a host of such features intended
to maximize system reliability, minimize cost through
elimination of external components, provide power
saving operating modes and offer code protection.
These features are:
The SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low
current power-down mode. The user can wake-up
from SLEEP through a change on input pins or
through a Watchdog Timer time-out. Several oscillator
options are also made available to allow the part to fit
the application, including an internal 4 MHz oscillator.
The EXTRC oscillator option saves system cost while
the LP crystal option saves power. A set of
configuration bits are used to select various options.
• Oscillator selection
• Reset
- Power-On Reset (POR)
- Device Reset Timer (DRT)
- Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change
• Watchdog Timer (WDT)
• SLEEP
• Code protection
• ID locations
• In-circuit Serial Programming
• Clock Out
FIGURE 7-1:
7.1
Configuration Bits
The PIC16C505 configuration word consists of 6 bits.
Configuration bits can be programmed to select
various device configurations. Three bits are for the
selection of the oscillator type, one bit is the Watchdog
Timer enable bit, and one bit is the MCLR enable bit.
One bit is the code protection bit (Figure 7-1).
CONFIGURATION WORD FOR PIC16C505
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
MCLRE
CP
bit11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
WDTE FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0
3
2
1
bit0
Register:
Address(2):
CONFIG
0FFFh
bit 11-6, 4: CP Code Protection bits (1)(2)
bit 5:
MCLRE: RB3/MCLR pin function select
1 = RB3/MCLR pin function is MCLR
0 = RB3/MCLR pin function is digital I/O, MCLR internally tied to VDD
bit 3:
WDTE: Watchdog timer enable bit
1 = WDT enabled
0 = WDT disabled
bit 2-0:
FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits
111 = external RC oscillator/CLKOUT function on RB4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin
110 = external RC oscillator/RB4 function on RB4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin
101 = internal RC oscillator/CLKOUT function on RB4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin
100 = internal RC oscillator/RB4 function on RB4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin
011 = invalid selection
010 = HS oscillator
001 = XT oscillator
000 = LP oscillator
Note 1: 03FFh is always uncodeprtotected on the PIC16C505. This location contains the
MOVLWxx calibration instruction for the INTRC.
Note 2: Refer to the PIC16C505 Programming Specifications to determine how to access the configuration word. This register is not user addressable during device operation.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 27
PIC16C505
7.2
Oscillator Configurations
7.2.1
OSCILLATOR TYPES
TABLE 7-1:
The PIC16C505 can be operated in four different
oscillator modes. The user can program three
configuration bits (FOSC2:FOSC0) to select one of
these four modes:
•
•
•
•
•
LP:
XT:
HS:
INTRC:
EXTRC:
7.2.2
Low Power Crystal
Crystal/Resonator
High Speed Crystal/Resonator
Internal 4 MHz Oscillator
External Resistor/Capacitor
Osc
Type
CRYSTAL OPERATION (OR
CERAMIC RESONATOR) (HS,
XT OR LP OSC
CONFIGURATION)
C1(1)
OSC1
Cap. Range
C1
Cap. Range
C2
XT
4.0 MHz
30 pF
30 pF
HS
16 MHz
10-47 pF
10-47 pF
These values are for design guidance only. Since
each resonator has its own characteristics, the user
should consult the resonator manufacturer for
appropriate values of external components.
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / CERAMIC
RESONATORS
FIGURE 7-2:
Resonator
Freq
TABLE 7-2:
In HS, XT or LP modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator
is connected to the RB5/OSC1/CLKIN and RB4/
OSC2/CLKOUT pins to establish oscillation (Figure 72). The PIC16C505 oscillator design requires the use
of a parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may
give a frequency out of the crystal manufacturers
specifications. When in HS, XT or LP modes, the
device can have an external clock source drive the
RB5/OSC1/CLKIN pin (Figure 7-3).
CAPACITOR SELECTION
FOR CERAMIC RESONATORS
- PIC16C505
Osc
Type
CAPACITOR SELECTION
FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
- PIC16C505
Resonator
Freq
Cap.Range
C1
Cap. Range
C2
15 pF
15 pF
32 kHz(1)
200 kHz
47-68 pF
47-68 pF
1 MHz
15 pF
15 pF
4 MHz
15 pF
15 pF
HS
20 MHz
15-47 pF
15-47 pF
Note 1: For VDD > 4.5V, C1 = C2 ≈ 30 pF is
recommended.
These values are for design guidance only. Rs may
be required in XT mode to avoid overdriving crystals
with low drive level specification. Since each crystal
has its own characteristics, the user should consult
the crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of
external components.
LP
XT
PIC16C505
SLEEP
XTAL
RS(2)
RF(3)
OSC2
To internal
logic
C2(1)
Note 1: See Capacitor Selection tables for
recommended values of C1 and C2.
2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for
AT strip cut crystals.
3: RF varies with the crystal chosen
(approx. value = 10 MΩ).
FIGURE 7-3:
EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT
OPERATION (HS, XT OR LP
OSC CONFIGURATION)
OSC1
PIC16C505
Clock from
ext. system
Open
DS40192A-page 28
OSC2
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
7.2.3
EXTERNAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CIRCUIT
7.2.4
Either a prepackaged oscillator or a simple oscillator
circuit with TTL gates can be used as an external
crystal oscillator circuit. Prepackaged oscillators
provide a wide operating range and better stability. A
well-designed crystal oscillator will provide good
performance with TTL gates. Two types of crystal
oscillator circuits can be used: one with parallel
resonance, or one with series resonance.
Figure 7-4 shows implementation of a parallel
resonant oscillator circuit. The circuit is designed to
use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The
74AS04 inverter performs the 180-degree phase shift
that a parallel oscillator requires. The 4.7 kΩ resistor
provides the negative feedback for stability. The 10 kΩ
potentiometers bias the 74AS04 in the linear region.
This circuit could be used for external oscillator
designs.
FIGURE 7-4:
EXTERNAL PARALLEL
RESONANT CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
+5V
To Other
Devices
10k
74AS04
4.7k
74AS04
PIC16C505
10k
10k
20 pF
Figure 7-5 shows a series resonant oscillator circuit.
This circuit is also designed to use the fundamental
frequency of the crystal. The inverter performs a 180degree phase shift in a series resonant oscillator
circuit. The 330 Ω resistors provide the negative
feedback to bias the inverters in their linear region.
FIGURE 7-5:
74AS04
74AS04
74AS04
Although the oscillator will operate with no external
capacitor (Cext = 0 pF), we recommend using values
above 20 pF for noise and stability reasons. With no or
small external capacitance, the oscillation frequency
can vary dramatically due to changes in external
capacitances, such as PCB trace capacitance or
package lead frame capacitance.
Also, see the Electrical Specifications sections for
variation of oscillator frequency due to VDD for given
Rext/Cext values as well as frequency variation due to
operating temperature for given R, C, and VDD values.
FIGURE 7-6:
EXTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
MODE
VDD
Internal
clock
OSC1
To Other
Devices
330
Figure 7-6 shows how the R/C combination is
connected to the PIC16C505. For Rext values below
2.2 kΩ, the oscillator operation may become unstable,
or stop completely. For very high Rext values
(e.g., 1 MΩ) the oscillator becomes sensitive to noise,
humidity and leakage. Thus, we recommend keeping
Rext between 3 kΩ and 100 kΩ.
Rext
EXTERNAL SERIES
RESONANT CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
330
For timing insensitive applications, the RC device
option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator
frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the
resistor (Rext) and capacitor (Cext) values, and the
operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator
frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal
process parameter variation. Furthermore, the
difference in lead frame capacitance between package
types will also affect the oscillation frequency,
especially for low Cext values. The user also needs to
take into account variation due to tolerance of external
R and C components used.
The Electrical Specifications sections show RC
frequency variation from part to part due to normal
process variation. The variation is larger for larger R
(since leakage current variation will affect RC
frequency more for large R) and for smaller C (since
variation of input capacitance will affect RC frequency
more).
CLKIN
XTAL
20 pF
EXTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
Cext
PIC16C505
N
PIC16C505
VSS
FOSC/4
CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
0.1 µF
XTAL
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 29
PIC16C505
7.2.5
INTERNAL 4 MHz RC OSCILLATOR
The internal RC oscillator provides a fixed 4 MHz (nominal) system clock at VDD = 5V and 25°C, see “Electrical Specifications” section for information on variation
over voltage and temperature..
In addition, a calibration instruction is programmed into
the last address of memory which contains the calibration value for the internal RC oscillator. This location is
always uncode protected regardless of the code protect settings. This value is programmed as a MOVLW XX
instruction where XX is the calibration value, and is
placed at the reset vector. This will load the W register
with the calibration value upon reset and the PC will
then roll over to the users program at address 0x000.
The user then has the option of writing the value to the
OSCCAL Register (05h) or ignoring it.
OSCCAL, when written to with the calibration value, will
“trim” the internal oscillator to remove process variation
from the oscillator frequency. .
Note:
Please note that erasing the device will
also erase the pre-programmed internal
calibration value for the internal oscillator.
The calibration value must be read prior to
erasing the part. so it can be reprogrammed correctly later.
For the PIC16C505, only bits <7:2> of OSCCAL are
implemented.
7.3
RESET
The device differentiates between various kinds of
reset:
a) Power on reset (POR)
b) MCLR reset during normal operation
c) MCLR reset during SLEEP
d) WDT time-out reset during normal operation
e) WDT time-out reset during SLEEP
f) Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change
Some registers are not reset in any way; they are
unknown on POR and unchanged in any other reset.
Most other registers are reset to “reset state” on poweron reset (POR), on MCLR, WDT or wake-up on pin
change reset during normal operation. They are not
affected by a WDT reset during SLEEP or MCLR reset
during SLEEP, since these resets are viewed as
resumption of normal operation. The exceptions to this
are TO, PD, and RBWUF bits. They are set or cleared
differently in different reset situations. These bits are
used in software to determine the nature of reset. See
Table 7-3 for a full description of reset states of all
registers.
DS40192A-page 30
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
TABLE 7-3:
RESET CONDITIONS FOR REGISTERS
Register
Address
Power-on Reset
MCLR Reset
WDT time-out
Wake-up on Pin Change
W
—
qqqq xxxx (1)
qqqq uuuu (1)
INDF
00h
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR0
01h
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
PC
02h
1111 1111
1111 1111
STATUS
03h
0001 1xxx
?00? ?uuu (2)
FSR
04h
110x xxxx
11uu uuuu
OSCCAL
05h
1000 00--
uuuu uu--
PORTB
06h
--xx xxxxx
--uu uuuu
PORTC
07h
--xx xxxxx
--uu uuuu
OPTION
—
1111 1111
1111 1111
TRISB
—
--11 1111
--11 1111
TRISC
—
--11 1111
--11 1111
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, ? = value depends on condition.
Note 1:
Bits <7:4> of W register contain oscillator calibration values due to MOVLW XX instruction at top of memory.
Note 2:
See Table 7-7 for reset value for specific conditions
TABLE 7-4:
RESET CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS
Power on reset
STATUS Addr: 03h
PCL Addr: 02h
0001 1xxx
1111 1111
MCLR reset during normal operation
000u uuuu
1111 1111
MCLR reset during SLEEP
0001 0uuuu
1111 1111
WDT reset during SLEEP
0000 0uuu
1111 1111
WDT reset normal operation
0000 1uuu
1111 1111
Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change
1001 0uuu
1111 1111
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 31
PIC16C505
7.3.1
MCLR ENABLE
This configuration bit when unprogrammed (left in the
‘1’ state) enables the external MCLR function. When
programmed, the MCLR function is tied to the internal
VDD, and the pin is assigned to be a I/O. See Figure 77.
FIGURE 7-7:
MCLR SELECT
A power-up example where MCLR is held low is
shown in Figure 7-9. VDD is allowed to rise and
stabilize before bringing MCLR high. The chip will
actually come out of reset TDRT msec after MCLR
goes high.
RBWU
MCLRE
WEAK
PULL-UP
RB3/MCLR/VPP
7.4
The Power-On Reset circuit and the Device Reset
Timer (Section 7.5) circuit are closely related. On
power-up, the reset latch is set and the DRT is reset.
The DRT timer begins counting once it detects MCLR
to be high. After the time-out period, which is typically
18 ms, it will reset the reset latch and thus end the onchip reset signal.
INTERNAL MCLR
Power-On Reset (POR)
The PIC16C505 family incorporates on-chip Power-On
Reset (POR) circuitry which provides an internal chip
reset for most power-up situations.
A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip when
VDD rise is detected (in the range of 2.3V - 2.8V). To
take advantage of the internal POR, program the RB3/
MCLR/VPP pin as MCLR and tie directly to VDD or program the pin as RB3. An internal weak pull-up resistor
is implemented using a transistor. Refer to Table 10-6
for the pull-up resistor ranges. This will eliminate external RC components usually needed to create a Poweron Reset. A maximum rise time for VDD is specified.
See Electrical Specifications for details.
When the device starts normal operation (exits the
reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage,
frequency, temperature, ...) must be met to ensure
operation. If these conditions are not met, the device
must be held in reset until the operating parameters are
met.
In Figure 7-10, the on-chip Power-On Reset feature is
being used (MCLR and VDD are tied together or the
pin is programmed to be RB3.). The VDD is stable
before the start-up timer times out and there is no
problem in getting a proper reset. However, Figure 711 depicts a problem situation where VDD rises too
slowly. The time between when the DRT senses that
MCLR is high and when MCLR (and VDD) actually
reach their full value, is too long. In this situation, when
the start-up timer times out, VDD has not reached the
VDD (min) value and the chip is, therefore, not
guaranteed to function correctly. For such situations,
we recommend that external RC circuits be used to
achieve longer POR delay times (Figure 7-10).
Note:
When the device starts normal operation
(exits the reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be meet to ensure
operation. If these conditions are not met,
the device must be held in reset until the
operating conditions are met.
For additional information refer to Application Notes
“Power-Up Considerations” - AN522 and “Power-up
Trouble Shooting” - AN607.
A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Power-On
Reset circuit is shown in Figure 7-8.
DS40192A-page 32
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
FIGURE 7-8:
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
Power-Up
Detect
POR (Power-On Reset)
VDD
Pin Change
Wake-up on
pin change
SLEEP
RB3/MCLR/VPP
WDT Time-out
MCLRE
RESET
8-bit Asynch
Ripple Counter
(Start-Up Timer)
On-Chip
DRT OSC
S
Q
R
Q
CHIP RESET
FIGURE 7-9:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR PULLED LOW)
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TDRT
DRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
FIGURE 7-10: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): FAST VDD RISE TIME
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TDRT
DRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 33
PIC16C505
FIGURE 7-11: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): SLOW VDD RISE TIME
V1
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TDRT
DRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
When VDD rises slowly, the TDRT time-out expires long before VDD has reached its final value. In
this example, the chip will reset properly if, and only if, V1 ≥ VDD min.
7.5
Device Reset Timer (DRT)
7.6
In the PIC16C505, the DRT runs any time the device is
powered up. DRT runs from RESET and varies based
on oscillator selection (see Table 7-5.)
The Device Reset Timer (DRT) provides a fixed 18 ms
nominal time-out on reset. The DRT operates on an
internal RC oscillator. The processor is kept in RESET
as long as the DRT is active. The DRT delay allows
VDD to rise above VDD min., and for the oscillator to
stabilize.
Oscillator circuits based on crystals or ceramic
resonators require a certain time after power-up to
establish a stable oscillation. The on-chip DRT keeps
the device in a RESET condition for approximately 18
ms after MCLR has reached a logic high (VIHMCLR)
level. Thus, programming RB3/MCLR/VPP as MCLR
and using an external RC network connected to the
MCLR input is not required in most cases, allowing for
savings in cost-sensitive and/or space restricted
applications, as well as allowing the use of the RB3/
MCLR/VPP pin as a general purpose input.
The Device Reset time delay will vary from chip to chip
due to VDD, temperature, and process variation. See
AC parameters for details.
The DRT will also be triggered upon a Watchdog Timer
time-out (only in HS, XT and LP modes). This is
particularly important for applications using the WDT
to wake from SLEEP mode automatically.
DS40192A-page 34
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
The Watchdog Timer (WDT) is a free running on-chip
RC oscillator which does not require any external
components. This RC oscillator is separate from the
external RC oscillator of the RB5/OSC1/CLKIN pin
and the internal 4 MHz oscillator. That means that the
WDT will run even if the main processor clock has
been stopped, for example, by execution of a SLEEP
instruction. During normal operation or SLEEP, a WDT
reset or wake-up reset generates a device RESET.
The TO bit (STATUS<4>) will be cleared upon a
Watchdog Timer reset.
The WDT can be permanently disabled by
programming the configuration bit WDTE as a '0'
(Section 7.1). Refer to the PIC16C505 Programming
Specifications to determine how to access the
configuration word.
TABLE 7-5:
Oscillator
Configuration
DRT (DEVICE RESET TIMER
PERIOD)
POR Reset
Subsequent
Resets
IntRC &
ExtRC
18 ms (typical)
300 µs (typical)
HS, XT & LP
18 ms (typical)
18 ms (typical)
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
7.6.1
7.6.2
WDT PERIOD
WDT PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS
The CLRWDT instruction clears the WDT and the
postscaler, if assigned to the WDT, and prevents it
from timing out and generating a device RESET.
The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms,
(with no prescaler). If a longer time-out period is
desired, a prescaler with a division ratio of up to 1:128
can be assigned to the WDT (under software control)
by writing to the OPTION register. Thus, a time-out
period of a nominal 2.3 seconds can be realized.
These periods vary with temperature, VDD and part-topart process variations (see DC specs).
The SLEEP instruction resets the WDT and the
postscaler, if assigned to the WDT. This gives the
maximum SLEEP time before a WDT wake-up reset.
Under worst case conditions (VDD = Min., Temperature
= Max., max. WDT prescaler), it may take several
seconds before a WDT time-out occurs.
FIGURE 7-12: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM
From Timer0 Clock Source
(Figure 6-5)
0
1
Watchdog
Timer
M
U
Postscaler
Postscaler
X
8 - to - 1 MUX
PS2:PS0
PSA
WDT Enable
Configuration Bit
To Timer0 (Figure 6-4)
1
0
PSA
MUX
Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0
are bits in the OPTION register.
WDT
Time-out
TABLE 7-6:
Address
N/A
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WATCHDOG TIMER
Name
OPTION
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1 Bit 0
RBWU
RBPU
T0CS
T0SE
PSA
PS2
PS1
PS0
Value on
Power-On
Reset
Value on
MCLR and
WDT Reset
Value on
Wake-up on
Pin Change
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
Legend: Shaded boxes = Not used by Watchdog Timer, — = unimplemented, read as '0', u = unchanged
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 35
PIC16C505
7.7
Time-Out Sequence, Power Down,
and Wake-up from SLEEP Status Bits
(TO/PD/RBWUF)
The TO, PD, and RBWUF bits in the STATUS register
can be tested to determine if a RESET condition has
been caused by a power-up condition, a MCLR or
Watchdog Timer (WDT) reset, or a MCLR or WDT
reset.
TABLE 7-7:
RBWUF TO
PD
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
u
u
1
1
0
Legend:
To reset PIC16C505 devices when a brown-out
occurs, external brown-out protection circuits may be
built, as shown in Figure 7-13 and Figure 7-14.
VDD
VDD
33k
10k
Event
RBWUF
TO
PD
0
1
1
0
0
u
SLEEP instruction
CLRWDT
instruction
Wake-up from
SLEEP on pin
change
u
1
0
u
1
1
1
1
0
MCLR
This circuit will activate reset when VDD goes below Vz +
0.7V (where Vz = Zener voltage).
*Refer to Figure 7-7 and Table 10-6 for internal weak pullup on MCLR.
FIGURE 7-14: BROWN-OUT PROTECTION
CIRCUIT 2
VDD
EVENTS AFFECTING TO/PD
STATUS BITS
Power-up
WDT Time-out
Q1
40k* PIC16C505
These STATUS bits are only affected by events listed
in Table 7-8.
VDD
R1
Remarks
Q1
MCLR
R2
No effect
on PD
Legend: u = unchanged
A WDT time-out will occur regardless of the status of the
TO bit. A SLEEP instruction will be executed, regardless of
the status of the PD bit. Table 7-7 reflects the status of TO
and PD after the corresponding event.
Table 7-4 lists the reset conditions for the special
function registers, while Table 7-3 lists the reset
conditions for all the registers.
DS40192A-page 36
A brown-out is a condition where device power (VDD)
dips below its minimum value, but not to zero, and then
recovers. The device should be reset in the event of a
brown-out.
RESET caused by
WDT wake-up from
SLEEP
WDT time-out (not from
SLEEP)
MCLR wake-up from
SLEEP
Power-up
MCLR not during SLEEP
Wake-up from SLEEP on
pin change
Legend: u = unchanged
Note 1: The TO, PD, and RBWUF bits maintain their status (u) until a reset
occurs. A low-pulse on the MCLR
input does not change the TO, PD,
and RBWUF status bits.
TABLE 7-8:
Reset on Brown-Out
FIGURE 7-13: BROWN-OUT PROTECTION
CIRCUIT 1
TO/PD/RBWUF STATUS
AFTER RESET
0
7.8
40k
PIC16C505
This brown-out circuit is less expensive, although
less accurate. Transistor Q1 turns off when VDD
is below a certain level such that:
VDD •
R1
R1 + R2
= 0.7V
*Refer to Figure 7-7 and Table 10-6 for internal weak
pull-up on MCLR.
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
7.9
Power-Down Mode (SLEEP)
7.10
A device may be powered down (SLEEP) and later
powered up (Wake-up from SLEEP).
7.9.1
SLEEP
The Power-Down mode is entered by executing a
SLEEP instruction.
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but
keeps running, the TO bit (STATUS<4>) is set, the PD
bit (STATUS<3>) is cleared and the oscillator driver is
turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had
before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving
high, driving low, or hi-impedance).
It should be noted that a RESET generated by a WDT
time-out does not drive the MCLR pin low.
For lowest current consumption while powered down,
the T0CKI input should be at VDD or VSS and the RB3/
MCLR/VPP pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC) if
MCLR is enabled.
7.9.2
Program Verification/Code Protection
If the code protection bit has not been programmed,
the on-chip program memory can be read out for
verification purposes.
The first 64 locations and the last location (OSCCAL)
can be read regardless of the code protection bit
setting.
7.11
ID Locations
Four memory locations are designated as ID locations
where the user can store checksum or other codeidentification numbers. These locations are not
accessible during normal execution but are readable
and writable during program/verify.
Use only the lower 4 bits of the ID locations and
always program the upper 8 bits as '0's.
WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
The device can wake-up from SLEEP through one of
the following events:
1.
2.
3.
An external reset input on RB3/MCLR/VPP pin,
when configured as MCLR.
A Watchdog Timer time-out reset (if WDT was
enabled).
A change on input pin RB0, RB1, RB3 or RB4
when wake-up on change is enabled.
These events cause a device reset. The TO, PD, and
RBWUF bits can be used to determine the cause of
device reset. The TO bit is cleared if a WDT time-out
occurred (and caused wake-up). The PD bit, which is
set on power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked.
The RBWUF bit indicates a change in state while in
SLEEP at pins RB0, RB1, RB3 or RB4 (since the last
file or bit operation on RB port).
Caution: Right before entering SLEEP, read the
input pins. When in SLEEP, wake up
occurs when the values at the pins change
from the state they were in at the last
reading. If a wake-up on change occurs
and the pins are not read before
reentering SLEEP, a wake up will occur
immediately even if no pins change while
in SLEEP mode.
The WDT is cleared when the device wakes from
sleep, regardless of the wake-up source.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 37
PIC16C505
7.12
In-Circuit Serial Programming
The PIC16C505 microcontrollers can be serially
programmed while in the end application circuit. This is
simply done with two lines for clock and data, and three
other lines for power, ground, and the programming
voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards
with unprogrammed devices, and then program the
microcontroller just before shipping the product. This
also allows the most recent firmware or a custom
firmware to be programmed.
FIGURE 7-15: TYPICAL IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL
PROGRAMMING
CONNECTION
External
Connector
Signals
The device is placed into a program/verify mode by
holding the RB1 and RB0 pins low while raising the
MCLR (VPP) pin from VIL to VIHH (see programming
specification). RB1 becomes the programming clock
and RB0 becomes the programming data. Both RB1
and RB0 are Schmitt Trigger inputs in this mode.
After reset, a 6-bit command is then supplied to the
device. Depending on the command, 14-bits of program data are then supplied to or from the device,
depending if the command was a load or a read. For
complete details of serial programming, please refer to
the PIC16C505 Programming Specifications.
To Normal
Connections
PIC16C505
+5V
VDD
0V
VSS
VPP
MCLR/VPP
CLK
RB1
Data I/O
RB0
VDD
To Normal
Connections
A typical in-circuit serial programming connection is
shown in Figure 7-15.
DS40192A-page 38
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
8.0
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
Each PIC16C505 instruction is a 12-bit word divided
into an OPCODE, which specifies the instruction type,
and one or more operands which further specify the
operation of the instruction. The PIC16C505
instruction set summary in Table 8-2 groups the
instructions into byte-oriented, bit-oriented, and literal
and control operations. Table 8-1 shows the opcode
field descriptions.
For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a file
register designator and 'd' represents a destination
designator. The file register designator is used to
specify which one of the 32 file registers is to be used
by the instruction.
The destination designator specifies where the result
of the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is '0', the result is
placed in the W register. If 'd' is '1', the result is placed
in the file register specified in the instruction.
All instructions are executed within a single instruction
cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the program
counter is changed as a result of an instruction. In this
case, the execution takes two instruction cycles. One
instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods.
Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal
instruction execution time is 1 µs. If a conditional test
is true or the program counter is changed as a result of
an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 µs.
Figure 8-1 shows the three general formats that the
instructions can have. All examples in the figure use the
following format to represent a hexadecimal number:
0xhhh
where 'h' signifies a hexadecimal digit.
FIGURE 8-1:
Byte-oriented file register operations
11
For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit field
designator which selects the number of the bit affected
by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the
file in which the bit is located.
For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an
8 or 9-bit constant or literal value.
TABLE 8-1:
f
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)
Working register (accumulator)
b
Bit address within an 8-bit file register
OPCODE
11
8
0
7
OPCODE
x
d
Destination select;
d = 0 (store result in W)
d = 1 (store result in file register 'f')
Default is d = 1
0
k (literal)
k = 8-bit immediate value
Literal and control operations - GOTO instruction
11
9
8
OPCODE
0
k (literal)
k = 9-bit immediate value
Label name
TOS
Top of Stack
PC
Program Counter
WDT
Watchdog Timer Counter
TO
Time-Out bit
PD
Power-Down bit
Destination, either the W register or the specified
register file location
[ ]
Options
( )
Contents
→
Assigned to
<>
Register bit field
italics
8 7
5 4
b (BIT #)
f (FILE #)
Literal and control operations (except GOTO)
Literal field, constant data or label
∈
0
f (FILE #)
b = 3-bit bit address
f = 5-bit file register address
Don't care location (= 0 or 1)
The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is
the recommended form of use for compatibility
with all Microchip software tools.
dest
4
Bit-oriented file register operations
11
k
label
5
d
d = 0 for destination W
d = 1 for destination f
f = 5-bit file register address
Description
W
6
OPCODE
OPCODE FIELD
DESCRIPTIONS
Field
GENERAL FORMAT FOR
INSTRUCTIONS
In the set of
User defined term (font is courier)
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 39
PIC16C505
TABLE 8-2:
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
Mnemonic,
Operands
ADDWF
ANDWF
CLRF
CLRW
COMF
DECF
DECFSZ
INCF
INCFSZ
IORWF
MOVF
MOVWF
NOP
RLF
RRF
SUBWF
SWAPF
XORWF
f,d
f,d
f
–
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f
–
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
12-Bit Opcode
Description
Cycles MSb
Add W and f
AND W with f
Clear f
Clear W
Complement f
Decrement f
Decrement f, Skip if 0
Increment f
Increment f, Skip if 0
Inclusive OR W with f
Move f
Move W to f
No Operation
Rotate left f through Carry
Rotate right f through Carry
Subtract W from f
Swap f
Exclusive OR W with f
LSb
Status
Affected Notes
1
1
1
1
1
1
1(2)
1
1(2)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0001
0001
0000
0000
0010
0000
0010
0010
0011
0001
0010
0000
0000
0011
0011
0000
0011
0001
11df
01df
011f
0100
01df
11df
11df
10df
11df
00df
00df
001f
0000
01df
00df
10df
10df
10df
ffff
ffff
ffff
0000
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
0000
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
C,DC,Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
None
Z
None
Z
Z
None
None
C
C
C,DC,Z
None
Z
1,2,4
2,4
4
1
1
1 (2)
1 (2)
0100
0101
0110
0111
bbbf
bbbf
bbbf
bbbf
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
None
None
None
None
2,4
2,4
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1110
1001
0000
101k
1101
1100
0000
1000
0000
0000
1111
kkkk
kkkk
0000
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0000
kkkk
0000
0000
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0100
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0010
kkkk
0011
0fff
kkkk
Z
None
TO, PD
None
Z
None
None
None
TO, PD
None
Z
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
1,4
2,4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
2,4
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
BCF
BSF
BTFSC
BTFSS
f, b
f, b
f, b
f, b
Bit Clear f
Bit Set f
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
Bit Test f, Skip if Set
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS
ANDLW
CALL
CLRWDT
GOTO
IORLW
MOVLW
OPTION
RETLW
SLEEP
TRIS
XORLW
k
k
k
k
k
k
–
k
–
f
k
AND literal with W
Call subroutine
Clear Watchdog Timer
Unconditional branch
Inclusive OR Literal with W
Move Literal to W
Load OPTION register
Return, place Literal in W
Go into standby mode
Load TRIS register
Exclusive OR Literal to W
1
3
Note 1: The 9th bit of the program counter will be forced to a '0' by any instruction that writes to the PC except for GOTO.
(Section 4.6)
2: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself (e.g. MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value
present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin configured as input and is driven
low by an external device, the data will be written back with a '0'.
3: The instruction TRIS f, where f = 6 causes the contents of the W register to be written to the tristate latches of
PORTB. A '1' forces the pin to a hi-impedance state and disables the output buffers.
4: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared
(if assigned to TMR0).
DS40192A-page 40
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
ADDWF
Add W and f
Syntax:
[ label ] ADDWF
ANDWF
AND W with f
Syntax:
Operands:
[ label ] ANDWF
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(W) + (f) → (dest)
Operation:
(W) .AND. (f) → (dest)
f,d
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Encoding:
0001
f,d
Status Affected: Z
11df
Encoding:
ffff
0001
01df
ffff
Description:
Add the contents of the W register and
register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored
in the W register. If 'd' is '1' the result is
stored back in register 'f'.
Description:
The contents of the W register are
AND’ed with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the
result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is
'1' the result is stored back in register 'f'.
Words:
1
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
ADDWF
Example:
ANDWF
FSR, 0
Before Instruction
W
=
FSR =
FSR,
0x17
0xC2
W =
FSR =
0x17
0xC2
After Instruction
After Instruction
W
=
FSR =
W
=
FSR =
0xD9
0xC2
ANDLW
And literal with W
Syntax:
[ label ] ANDLW
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation:
(W).AND. (k) → (W)
0x17
0x02
BCF
Bit Clear f
Syntax:
[ label ] BCF
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
0≤b≤7
Status Affected: Z
Operation:
0 → (f<b>)
Encoding:
Status Affected: None
1110
Description:
kkkk
k
kkkk
The contents of the W register are
AND’ed with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The
result is placed in the W register.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
ANDLW
Encoding:
=
=
bbbf
ffff
Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
BCF
0x5F
FLAG_REG,
7
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0xC7
0xA3
After Instruction
After Instruction
W
0100
f,b
Description:
Before Instruction
W
1
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0x47
0x03
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 41
PIC16C505
BSF
Bit Set f
Syntax:
[ label ] BSF
BTFSS
Operands:
Operation:
Bit Test f, Skip if Set
Syntax:
[ label ] BTFSS f,b
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
0≤b≤7
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
0≤b<7
1 → (f<b>)
Operation:
skip if (f<b>) = 1
f,b
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Status Affected: None
0101
bbbf
Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
BSF
Encoding:
ffff
Description:
FLAG_REG,
FLAG_REG = 0x8A
1
Cycles:
1(2)
Example:
HERE
FALSE
TRUE
BTFSC
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
Syntax:
[ label ] BTFSC f,b
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
0≤b≤7
Before Instruction
skip if (f<b>) = 0
After Instruction
Operation:
•
•
PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:
0110
bbbf
ffff
Words:
7
FLAG_REG = 0x0A
bbbf
If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1' then the next
instruction is skipped.
If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction
fetched during the current instruction
execution, is discarded and an NOP is
executed instead, making this a 2 cycle
instruction.
Before Instruction
After Instruction
0111
Description:
ffff
If bit 'b' in register 'f' is 0 then the next
instruction is skipped.
If FLAG<1>
PC
if FLAG<1>
PC
BTFSS
GOTO
•
FLAG,1
PROCESS_CODE
=
address (HERE)
=
=
=
=
0,
address (FALSE);
1,
address (TRUE)
If bit 'b' is 0 then the next instruction
fetched during the current instruction
execution is discarded, and an NOP is
executed instead, making this a 2 cycle
instruction.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1(2)
Example:
HERE
FALSE
TRUE
BTFSC
GOTO
FLAG,1
PROCESS_CODE
•
•
•
Before Instruction
PC
=
address (HERE)
=
=
=
=
0,
address (TRUE);
1,
address(FALSE)
After Instruction
if FLAG<1>
PC
if FLAG<1>
PC
DS40192A-page 42
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
CALL
Subroutine Call
CLRW
Clear W
Syntax:
[ label ] CALL k
Syntax:
[ label ] CLRW
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operands:
None
Operation:
(PC) + 1→ Top of Stack;
k → PC<7:0>;
(STATUS<6:5>) → PC<10:9>;
0 → PC<8>
Operation:
00h → (W);
1→Z
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
Description:
1001
kkkk
kkkk
Subroutine call. First, return address
(PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The
eight bit immediate address is loaded
into PC bits <7:0>. The upper bits
PC<10:9> are loaded from STATUS<6:5>, PC<8> is cleared. CALL is a
two cycle instruction.
1
Cycles:
2
Example:
HERE
CALL
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
CLRW
Before Instruction
W
CLRWDT
address (HERE)
address (THERE)
address (HERE + 1)
CLRF
Clear f
Syntax:
[ label ] CLRF
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
Operation:
00h → (f);
1→Z
Words:
0x5A
0000
f
1
CLRF
[ label ] CLRWDT
Operands:
None
Operation:
00h → WDT;
0 → WDT prescaler (if assigned);
1 → TO;
1 → PD
011f
0x5A
=
=
0x00
1
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
0100
Words:
1
ffff
Cycles:
1
Example:
CLRWDT
Before Instruction
WDT counter =
?
After Instruction
WDT counter
WDT prescale
TO
PD
After Instruction
FLAG_REG
Z
0000
The CLRWDT instruction resets the
WDT. It also resets the prescaler, if the
prescaler is assigned to the WDT and
not Timer0. Status bits TO and PD are
set.
FLAG_REG
=
0000
Description:
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG
Clear Watchdog Timer
Encoding:
1
Example:
0x00
1
Status Affected: TO, PD
The contents of register 'f' are cleared
and the Z bit is set.
Cycles:
=
=
Syntax:
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
=
THERE
After Instruction
Description:
0000
Words:
W
Z
Before Instruction
PC =
TOS =
0100
The W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z)
is set.
After Instruction
Words:
PC =
0000
Description:
Preliminary
=
=
=
=
0x00
0
1
1
DS40192A-page 43
PIC16C505
COMF
Complement f
Syntax:
[ label ] COMF
DECFSZ
Decrement f, Skip if 0
Syntax:
Operands:
[ label ] DECFSZ f,d
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) → (dest)
Operation:
(f) – 1 → d;
f,d
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
0010
01df
Encoding:
ffff
Description:
The contents of register 'f' are complemented. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in
the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is
stored back in register 'f'.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
COMF
=
0x13
After Instruction
REG1
W
=
=
Decrement f
Syntax:
[ label ] DECF f,d
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
Words:
1
Cycles:
1(2)
Example:
HERE
(f) – 1 → (dest)
Words:
0000
PC
CNT
if CNT
PC
if CNT
PC
11df
1
1
Example:
DECF
Before Instruction
CNT
Z
=
=
=
=
=
address (HERE)
CNT,
=
=
=
≠
=
CNT - 1;
0,
address (CONTINUE);
0,
address (HERE+1)
GOTO
Unconditional Branch
Syntax:
[ label ]
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 511
Operation:
k → PC<8:0>;
STATUS<6:5> → PC<10:9>
1
GOTO k
Status Affected: None
0x01
0
After Instruction
CNT
Z
CNT, 1
LOOP
ffff
Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the
result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is
1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.
Cycles:
DECFSZ
GOTO
CONTINUE •
•
•
Before Instruction
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
ffff
After Instruction
Operands:
Description:
11df
The contents of register 'f' are decremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in
the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is
placed back in register 'f'.
If the result is 0, the next instruction,
which is already fetched, is discarded
and an NOP is executed instead making it a two cycle instruction.
0x13
0xEC
DECF
0010
Description:
REG1,0
Before Instruction
REG1
skip if result = 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
101k
kkkk
kkkk
Description:
GOTO is an unconditional branch. The
9-bit immediate value is loaded into PC
bits <8:0>. The upper bits of PC are
loaded from STATUS<6:5>. GOTO is a
two cycle instruction.
Words:
1
0x00
1
Cycles:
2
Example:
GOTO THERE
After Instruction
PC =
DS40192A-page 44
Preliminary
address (THERE)
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
INCF
Increment f
IORLW
Inclusive OR literal with W
Syntax:
[ label ]
Syntax:
[ label ]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation:
(f) + 1 → (dest)
(W) .OR. (k) → (W)
Operation:
INCF f,d
Status Affected: Z
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Description:
Words:
Encoding:
0010
10df
ffff
The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in
the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is
placed back in register 'f'.
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
INCF
CNT,
=
=
1101
kkkk
kkkk
Description:
The contents of the W register are
OR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The
result is placed in the W register.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
IORLW
0x35
Before Instruction
1
W
Before Instruction
CNT
Z
IORLW k
=
0x9A
After Instruction
0xFF
0
W
Z
=
=
0xBF
0
After Instruction
CNT
Z
=
=
0x00
1
INCFSZ
Increment f, Skip if 0
Syntax:
[ label ]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
0011
[ label ]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(W).OR. (f) → (dest)
IORWF
f,d
Status Affected: Z
(f) + 1 → (dest), skip if result = 0
Encoding:
Inclusive OR W with f
Syntax:
INCFSZ f,d
Encoding:
Status Affected: None
Description:
IORWF
11df
00df
ffff
Inclusive OR the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in
the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is
placed back in register 'f'.
Words:
1
ffff
The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in
the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is
placed back in register 'f'.
If the result is 0, then the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and an NOP is executed
instead making it a two cycle instruction.
0001
Description:
Cycles:
1
Example:
IORWF
RESULT, 0
Before Instruction
RESULT =
W
=
0x13
0x91
After Instruction
Words:
1
Cycles:
1(2)
Example:
HERE
INCFSZ
GOTO
CONTINUE •
•
•
CNT,
LOOP
1
RESULT =
W
=
Z
=
0x13
0x93
0
Before Instruction
PC
=
address (HERE)
After Instruction
CNT
if CNT
PC
if CNT
PC
=
=
=
≠
=
CNT + 1;
0,
address (CONTINUE);
0,
address (HERE +1)
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 45
PIC16C505
MOVF
Move f
Syntax:
[ label ]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) → (dest)
MOVF f,d
0010
Description:
Move W to f
Syntax:
[ label ]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
Operation:
(W) → (f)
Encoding:
00df
ffff
The contents of register 'f' is moved to
destination 'd'. If 'd' is 0, destination is
the W register. If 'd' is 1, the destination
is file register 'f'. 'd' is 1 is useful to test
a file register since status flag Z is
affected.
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
0000
001f
MOVF
Move data from the W register to register 'f'.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
MOVWF
TEMP_REG
W
FSR,
TEMP_REG
=
=
0xFF
0x4F
=
=
0x4F
0x4F
After Instruction
0
TEMP_REG
W
value in FSR register
NOP
No Operation
MOVLW
Move Literal to W
Syntax:
[ label ]
Syntax:
[ label ]
Operands:
None
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation:
No operation
Operation:
k → (W)
Status Affected: None
MOVLW k
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
ffff
Description:
After Instruction
=
f
Before Instruction
Words:
W
MOVWF
Status Affected: None
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
MOVWF
1100
Encoding:
kkkk
kkkk
0000
No operation.
1
The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into the
W register. The don’t cares will assemble as 0s.
Words:
Cycles:
1
Words:
1
Example:
NOP
1
Example:
MOVLW
0000
Description:
Description:
Cycles:
NOP
0000
0x5A
After Instruction
W
=
DS40192A-page 46
0x5A
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
OPTION
Load OPTION Register
RLF
Rotate Left f through Carry
Syntax:
[ label ]
Syntax:
[ label ] RLF
Operands:
None
Operands:
Operation:
(W) → OPTION
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
See description below
OPTION
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
0000
Description:
0000
0010
Status Affected: C
The content of the W register is loaded
into the OPTION register.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Example
Encoding:
Description:
OPTION
0011
=
Words:
0x07
RETLW
Return with Literal in W
Syntax:
[ label ]
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation:
k → (W);
TOS → PC
Encoding:
1000
1
Example:
RLF
REG1
C
REG1
W
C
1
Cycles:
2
Example:
CALL TABLE ;W contains
;table offset
;value.
•
;W now has table
•
;value.
•
ADDWF PC
;W = offset
RETLW k1
;Begin table
RETLW k2
;
•
•
•
RETLW kn
; End of table
W
=
=
=
=
=
1110 0110
1100 1100
1
RRF
Rotate Right f through Carry
Syntax:
[ label ]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
See description below
RRF f,d
Status Affected: C
Encoding:
Description:
0011
Words:
00df
ffff
The contents of register 'f' are rotated
one bit to the right through the Carry
Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the
W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed
back in register 'f'.
C
register 'f'
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
RRF
REG1,0
Before Instruction
0x07
REG1
C
After Instruction
W
1110 0110
0
kkkk
Words:
Before Instruction
=
=
After Instruction
The W register is loaded with the eight
bit literal 'k'. The program counter is
loaded from the top of the stack (the
return address). This is a two cycle
instruction.
TABLE
REG1,0
Before Instruction
RETLW k
kkkk
1
Cycles:
Status Affected: None
Description:
ffff
register 'f'
C
0x07
After Instruction
OPTION =
01df
The contents of register 'f' are rotated
one bit to the left through the Carry
Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the
W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored
back in register 'f'.
Before Instruction
W
f,d
value of k8
=
=
1110 0110
0
After Instruction
REG1
W
C
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
=
=
=
1110 0110
0111 0011
0
DS40192A-page 47
PIC16C505
SLEEP
Enter SLEEP Mode
SUBWF
Subtract W from f
Syntax:
[label]
Syntax:
[label]
Operands:
None
Operands:
Operation:
00h → WDT;
0 → WDT prescaler;
1 → TO;
0 → PD
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) – (W) → (dest)
SLEEP
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Encoding:
Status Affected: TO, PD, RBWUF
Encoding:
Description:
0000
0000
The processor is put into SLEEP mode
with the oscillator stopped. See section on SLEEP for more details.
1
Cycles:
1
Example:
SLEEP
0000
10df
ffff
Description:
Subtract (2’s complement method) the
W register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the
result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is
1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.
Words:
1
0011
Time-out status bit (TO) is set. The
power down status bit (PD) is cleared.
RBWUF is unaffected.
The WDT and its prescaler are
cleared.
Words:
SUBWF f,d
Cycles:
1
Example 1:
SUBWF
REG1, 1
Before Instruction
REG1
W
C
=
=
=
3
2
?
After Instruction
REG1
W
C
=
=
=
1
2
1
; result is positive
Example 2:
Before Instruction
REG1
W
C
=
=
=
2
2
?
After Instruction
REG1
W
C
=
=
=
0
2
1
; result is zero
Example 3:
Before Instruction
REG1
W
C
=
=
=
1
2
?
After Instruction
REG1
W
C
DS40192A-page 48
Preliminary
=
=
=
FF
2
0
; result is negative
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
SWAPF
Swap Nibbles in f
XORLW
Exclusive OR literal with W
Syntax:
[ label ] SWAPF f,d
Syntax:
[label]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
(f<3:0>) → (dest<7:4>);
(f<7:4>) → (dest<3:0>)
Operation:
Operation:
(W) .XOR. k → (W)
Status Affected: Z
Encoding:
Status Affected: None
XORLW k
1111
kkkk
kkkk
Description:
The upper and lower nibbles of register
'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0 the result is
placed in W register. If 'd' is 1 the result
is placed in register 'f'.
The contents of the W register are
XOR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The
result is placed in the W register.
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Words:
1
Example:
XORLW
Cycles:
1
Example
SWAPF
Encoding:
Description:
0011
10df
ffff
REG1,
W
0
=
=
0xB5
After Instruction
Before Instruction
REG1
0xAF
Before Instruction
W
0xA5
=
0x1A
After Instruction
REG1
W
=
=
0xA5
0X5A
TRIS
Load TRIS Register
Syntax:
[ label ] TRIS
Operands:
f=6
Operation:
(W) → TRIS register f
f
Exclusive OR W with f
Syntax:
[ label ] XORWF
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 31
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(W) .XOR. (f) → (dest)
0000
0000
Encoding:
0001
0fff
Words:
1
Words:
1
Cycles:
1
Cycles:
1
Example
XORWF
PORTB
Before Instruction
W
=
=
REG,1
Before Instruction
0XA5
REG
W
After Instruction
TRIS
ffff
Exclusive OR the contents of the W
register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the
result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is
1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.
TRIS register 'f' (f = 6 or 7) is loaded
with the contents of the W register
TRIS
10df
Description:
Description:
Example
f,d
Status Affected: Z
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
XORWF
0xAF
0xB5
After Instruction
0XA5
REG
W
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
=
=
Preliminary
=
=
0x1A
0xB5
DS40192A-page 49
PIC16C505
NOTES:
DS40192A-page 50
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
9.0
DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
9.1
Development Tools
9.3
The PICmicrο microcontrollers are supported with a
full range of hardware and software development tools:
• PICMASTER/PICMASTER CE Real-Time
In-Circuit Emulator
• ICEPIC Low-Cost PIC16C5X and PIC16CXXX
In-Circuit Emulator
• PRO MATE II Universal Programmer
• PICSTART Plus Entry-Level Prototype
Programmer
• PICDEM-1 Low-Cost Demonstration Board
• PICDEM-2 Low-Cost Demonstration Board
• PICDEM-3 Low-Cost Demonstration Board
• MPASM Assembler
• MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
• MPLAB-C17 (C Compiler)
• Fuzzy Logic Development System
(fuzzyTECH−MP)
9.2
ICEPIC: Low-Cost PICmicro™
In-Circuit Emulator
ICEPIC is a low-cost in-circuit emulator solution for the
Microchip PIC12CXXX, PIC16C5X and PIC16CXXX
families of 8-bit OTP microcontrollers.
ICEPIC is designed to operate on PC-compatible
machines ranging from 286-AT through Pentium
based machines under Windows 3.x environment.
ICEPIC features real time, non-intrusive emulation.
9.4
PRO MATE II: Universal Programmer
The PRO MATE II Universal Programmer is a full-featured programmer capable of operating in stand-alone
mode as well as PC-hosted mode. PRO MATE II is CE
compliant.
The PRO MATE II has programmable VDD and VPP
supplies which allows it to verify programmed memory
at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has
an LCD display for displaying error messages, keys to
enter commands and a modular detachable socket
assembly to support various package types. In standalone mode the PRO MATE II can read, verify or program
PIC12CXXX,
PIC14C000,
PIC16C5X,
PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX devices. It can also set
configuration and code-protect bits in this mode.
PICMASTER: High Performance
Universal In-Circuit Emulator with
MPLAB IDE
The PICMASTER Universal In-Circuit Emulator is
intended to provide the product development engineer
with a complete microcontroller design tool set for all
microcontrollers in the PIC14C000, PIC12CXXX,
PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX families.
PICMASTER is supplied with the MPLAB Integrated
Development Environment (IDE), which allows editing,
“make” and download, and source debugging from a
single environment.
9.5
Interchangeable target probes allow the system to be
easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The universal architecture of the PICMASTER
allows expansion to support all new Microchip microcontrollers.
PICSTART Plus supports all PIC12CXXX, PIC14C000,
PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX devices with
up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices such as the
PIC16C923, PIC16C924 and PIC17C756 may be supported with an adapter socket. PICSTART Plus is CE
compliant.
The PICMASTER Emulator System has been
designed as a real-time emulation system with
advanced features that are generally found on more
expensive development tools. The PC compatible 386
(and higher) machine platform and Microsoft Windows
3.x environment were chosen to best make these features available to you, the end user.
PICSTART Plus Entry Level
Development System
The PICSTART programmer is an easy-to-use, lowcost prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via
one of the COM (RS-232) ports. MPLAB Integrated
Development Environment software makes using the
programmer simple and efficient. PICSTART Plus is
not recommended for production programming.
A CE compliant version of PICMASTER is available for
European Union (EU) countries.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 51
PIC16C505
9.6
PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PICmicro
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM-1 is a simple board which demonstrates
the capabilities of several of Microchip’s microcontrollers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X
(PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X,
PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and
PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is
included to run basic demo programs. The users can
program the sample microcontrollers provided with
the PICDEM-1 board, on a PRO MATE II or
PICSTART-Plus programmer, and easily test firmware. The user can also connect the PICDEM-1
board to the PICMASTER emulator and download
the firmware to the emulator for testing. Additional prototype area is available for the user to build some additional hardware and connect it to the microcontroller
socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232
interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input,
push-button switches and eight LEDs connected to
PORTB.
9.7
PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM-2 is a simple demonstration board that
supports the PIC16C62, PIC16C64, PIC16C65,
PIC16C73 and PIC16C74 microcontrollers. All the
necessary hardware and software is included to
run the basic demonstration programs. The user
can program the sample microcontrollers provided
with the PICDEM-2 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer or PICSTART-Plus, and easily test firmware.
The PICMASTER emulator may also be used with the
PICDEM-2 board to test firmware. Additional prototype
area has been provided to the user for adding additional hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller
socket(s). Some of the features include a RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a Serial EEPROM to demonstrate
usage of the I2C bus and separate headers for connection to an LCD module and a keypad.
9.8
PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM-3 is a simple demonstration board that
supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC
package. It will also support future 44-pin PLCC
microcontrollers with a LCD Module. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the
basic demonstration programs. The user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with
the PICDEM-3 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer or PICSTART Plus with an adapter socket, and
easily test firmware. The PICMASTER emulator may
also be used with the PICDEM-3 board to test firmware. Additional prototype area has been provided to
the user for adding hardware and connecting it to the
microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include
DS40192A-page 52
an RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor and
separate headers for connection to an external LCD
module and a keypad. Also provided on the PICDEM-3
board is an LCD panel, with 4 commons and 12 segments, that is capable of displaying time, temperature
and day of the week. The PICDEM-3 provides an additional RS-232 interface and Windows 3.1 software for
showing the demultiplexed LCD signals on a PC. A simple serial interface allows the user to construct a hardware demultiplexer for the LCD signals.
9.9
MPLAB™ Integrated Development
Environment Software
The MPLAB IDE Software brings an ease of software
development previously unseen in the 8-bit microcontroller market. MPLAB is a windows based application
which contains:
• A full featured editor
• Three operating modes
- editor
- emulator
- simulator
• A project manager
• Customizable tool bar and key mapping
• A status bar with project information
• Extensive on-line help
MPLAB allows you to:
• Edit your source files (either assembly or ‘C’)
• One touch assemble (or compile) and download
to PICmicro tools (automatically updates all
project information)
• Debug using:
- source files
- absolute listing file
• Transfer data dynamically via DDE (soon to be
replaced by OLE)
• Run up to four emulators on the same PC
The ability to use MPLAB with Microchip’s simulator
allows a consistent platform and the ability to easily
switch from the low cost simulator to the full featured
emulator with minimal retraining due to development
tools.
9.10
Assembler (MPASM)
The MPASM Universal Macro Assembler is a PChosted symbolic assembler. It supports all microcontroller series including the PIC12C5XX, PIC14000,
PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX, and PIC17CXX families.
MPASM offers full featured Macro capabilities, conditional assembly, and several source and listing formats.
It generates various object code formats to support
Microchip's development tools as well as third party
programmers.
MPASM allows full symbolic debugging from
PICMASTER, Microchip’s Universal Emulator System.
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
MPASM has the following features to assist in developing software for specific use applications.
• Provides translation of Assembler source code to
object code for all Microchip microcontrollers.
• Macro assembly capability.
• Produces all the files (Object, Listing, Symbol,
and special) required for symbolic debug with
Microchip’s emulator systems.
• Supports Hex (default), Decimal and Octal source
and listing formats.
MPASM provides a rich directive language to support
programming of the PICmicro. Directives are helpful in
making the development of your assemble source code
shorter and more maintainable.
9.11
Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM)
The MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator allows code
development in a PC host environment. It allows the
user to simulate the PICmicro series microcontrollers
on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the
user may examine or modify any of the data areas or
provide external stimulus to any of the pins. The input/
output radix can be set by the user and the execution
can be performed in; single step, execute until break, or
in a trace mode.
MPLAB-SIM fully supports symbolic debugging using
MPLAB-C and MPASM. The Software Simulator offers
the low cost flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the laboratory environment making it an excellent multi-project software development tool.
9.12
C Compiler (MPLAB-C17)
9.14
MP-DriveWay – Application Code
Generator
MP-DriveWay is an easy-to-use Windows-based Application Code Generator. With MP-DriveWay you can
visually configure all the peripherals in a PICmicro
device and, with a click of the mouse, generate all the
initialization and many functional code modules in C
language. The output is fully compatible with Microchip’s MPLAB-C C compiler. The code produced is
highly modular and allows easy integration of your own
code. MP-DriveWay is intelligent enough to maintain
your code through subsequent code generation.
9.15
SEEVAL Evaluation and
Programming System
The SEEVAL SEEPROM Designer’s Kit supports all
Microchip 2-wire and 3-wire Serial EEPROMs. The kit
includes everything necessary to read, write, erase or
program special features of any Microchip SEEPROM
product including Smart Serials and secure serials.
The Total Endurance Disk is included to aid in tradeoff analysis and reliability calculations. The total kit can
significantly reduce time-to-market and result in an
optimized system.
9.16
KEELOQ Evaluation and
Programming Tools
KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools support
Microchips HCS Secure Data Products. The HCS evaluation kit includes an LCD display to show changing
codes, a decoder to decode transmissions, and a programming interface to program test transmitters.
The MPLAB-C Code Development System is a
complete ‘C’ compiler and integrated development
environment for Microchip’s PIC17CXXX family of
microcontrollers. The compiler provides powerful integration capabilities and ease of use not found with
other compilers.
For easier source level debugging, the compiler provides symbol information that is compatible with the
MPLAB IDE memory display.
9.13
Fuzzy Logic Development System
(fuzzyTECH-MP)
fuzzyTECH-MP fuzzy logic development tool is available in two versions - a low cost introductory version,
MP Explorer, for designers to gain a comprehensive
working knowledge of fuzzy logic system design; and a
full-featured version, fuzzyTECH-MP, Edition for implementing more complex systems.
Both versions include Microchip’s fuzzyLAB demonstration board for hands-on experience with fuzzy logic
systems implementation.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 53
PIC16C5X
PIC16CXXX
PIC16C6X PIC16C7XX PIC16C8X PIC16C9XX PIC17C4X
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
PIC17C75X
24CXX
25CXX
93CXX
HCS200
HCS300
HCS301
EMULATOR PRODUCTS
ü
ICEPIC Low-Cost
In-Circuit Emulator
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP
PICMASTER/
PICMASTER-CE
In-Circuit Emulator
SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
MPLAB
Integrated
Development
Environment
ü
ü
MPLAB C17
Compiler
Preliminary
fuzzyTECH-MP
Explorer/Edition
Fuzzy Logic Dev. Tool
ü
ü
MP-DriveWay
Applications
Code Generator
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
Total Endurance
Software Model
ü
PROGRAMMERS
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PICSTARTPlus
Low-Cost
Universal Dev. Kit
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
PRO MATE II
Universal Programmer
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
KEELOQ Programmer
ü
ü
DEMO BOARDS
ü
SEEVAL Designers Kit
PICDEM-1
PICDEM-2
PICDEM-3
KEELOQ Evaluation Kit
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
PIC16C505
PIC14000
TABLE 9-1:
DS40192A-page 54
PIC12C5XX
PIC16C505
PIC16C505
10.0
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16C505
Absolute Maximum Ratings†
Ambient Temperature under bias ........................................................................................................... –40˚C to +125˚C
Storage Temperature.............................................................................................................................. –65˚C to +150˚C
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS .................................................................................................................0 to +7.5 V
Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS...............................................................................................................0 to +14 V
Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ................................................................................–0.6 V to (VDD + 0.6 V)
Total Power Dissipation(1) ....................................................................................................................................700 mW
Max. Current out of VSS pin...................................................................................................................................200 mA
Max. Current into VDD pin......................................................................................................................................150 mA
Input Clamp Current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD) ....................................................................................................................±20 mA
Output Clamp Current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) ............................................................................................................±20 mA
Max. Output Current sunk by any I/O pin ................................................................................................................25 mA
Max. Output Current sourced by any I/O pin...........................................................................................................25 mA
Max. Output Current sourced by I/O port .............................................................................................................100 mA
Max. Output Current sunk by I/O port ..................................................................................................................100 mA
Note 1: Power Dissipation is calculated as follows: PDIS = VDD x {IDD - ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOL x IOL)
†NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device.
This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 55
PIC16C505
10.1
DC CHARACTERISTICS:
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)
Operating Temperature
0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)
DC Characteristics
Power Supply Pins
Characteristic
PIC16C505-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
PIC16C505-20(Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
Typ(1)
Sym
Min
Supply Voltage
VDD
3.0
RAM Data Retention
Voltage(2)
VDR
1.5*
VDD Start Voltage to ensure
Power-on Reset
VPOR
VSS
VDD Rise Rate to ensure
Power-on Reset
SVDD
0.05*
IDD
—
1.8
—
Max
Units
Conditions
5.5
V
5.5
V
XT, EXTRC, INTRC and LP OSC configuration
HS OSC configuration
V
Device in SLEEP mode
V
See section on Power-on Reset for details
V/ms
See section on Power-on Reset for details
2.4
mA
1.8
2.4
mA
—
15
27
µA
—
19
35
µA
—
19
35
µA
—
4.5
16
mA
XT and EXTRC options (Note 4)
FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
INTRC Option
FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
LP OPTION, Commercial Temperature
FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled
LP OPTION, Industrial Temperature
FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled
LP OPTION, Extended Temperature
FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled
HS OPTION, Industrial Temperature
FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
—
—
—
—
—
—
4
4
5
0.25
0.25
2
12
14
22
4
5
18
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
4.5
Supply Current(3)
Power-Down Current (5)
WDT Enabled
WDT Disabled
IPD
VDD = 3.0V, Commercial
VDD = 3.0V, Industrial
VDD = 3.0V, Extended
VDD = 3.0V, Commercial
VDD = 3.0V, Industrial
VDD = 3.0V, Extended
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested.
2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.
3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus
loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on
the current consumption.
a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to
Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that
the device is in SLEEP mode.
4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the
formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kOhm.
5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS.
DS40192A-page 56
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
10.2
DC CHARACTERISTICS:
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)
Operating Temperature
0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)
DC Characteristics
Power Supply Pins
Characteristic
PIC16LC505-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
Typ(1)
Sym
Min
Supply Voltage
VDD
3.0
RAM Data Retention
Voltage(2)
VDR
1.5*
VDD Start Voltage to ensure
Power-on Reset
VPOR
VSS
VDD Rise Rate to ensure
Power-on Reset
SVDD
0.05*
IDD
—
1.8
—
Max
Units
5.5
V
XT, EXTRC, INTRC OSC configuration
5.5
V
LP OSC configuration
V
Device in SLEEP mode
V
See section on Power-on Reset for details
V/ms
See section on Power-on Reset for details
2.4
mA
1.8
2.4
mA
—
15
27
µA
—
19
35
µA
—
19
35
µA
—
4.5
16
mA
XT and EXTRC options (Note 4)
FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
INTRC Option
FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
LP OPTION, Commercial Temperature
FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled
LP OPTION, Industrial Temperature
FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled
LP OPTION, Extended Temperature
FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled
HS OPTION, Industrial Temperature
FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
—
—
—
—
—
—
4
4
5
0.25
0.25
2
12
14
22
4
5
18
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
2.5
Supply Current(3)
Power-Down Current (5)
WDT Enabled
WDT Disabled
Conditions
IPD
VDD = 3.0V, Commercial
VDD = 3.0V, Industrial
VDD = 3.0V, Extended
VDD = 3.0V, Commercial
VDD = 3.0V, Industrial
VDD = 3.0V, Extended
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested.
2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.
3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus
loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on
the current consumption.
a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to
Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that
the device is in SLEEP mode.
4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the
formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kOhm.
5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 57
PIC16C505
10.3
DC CHARACTERISTICS:
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)
Operating Temperature
0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)
Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1.
DC Characteristics
All Pins Except
Power Supply Pins
Characteristic
Input Low Voltage
I/O ports
Sym
Min
Typ(1)
Max
Units
Conditions
VSS
0.8
V
VSS
0.15 VDD
V
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
0.20 VDD
0.20 VDD
0.3 VDD
0.6 VDD -1.0
V
V
V
V
EXTRC option only(4)
XT and HS options
LP option
0.25VDD+0.8V
2.0
0.2VDD+1V
0.8 VDD
0.9 VDD
0.7 VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
VDD
V
V
V
V
V
V
2.5V < VDD ≤ 4.5V
4.5V < VDD ≤ 5.5V(5)
Full VDD range(5)
Full VDD range
EXTRC option only(4)
HS, XT and LP options
VIL
MCLR and RC5 (Schmitt Trigger)
OSC1
OSC1
OSC1
Input High Voltage
I/O ports
PIC16C505-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
PIC16C505-20(Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LC505-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
Pin at hi-impedance
4.5V < VDD ≤ 5.5V
Pin at hi-impedance
3.0V < VDD ≤ 4.5V
VIH
MCLR and RC5 (Schmitt Trigger)
OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)
IPUR
Input Leakage Current(2,3)
I/O ports
IIL
For VDD ≤ 5.5V
VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,
Pin at hi-impedance
VPIN = VSS + 0.25V(2)
VPIN = VDD
VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,
XT and LP options
–1
0.5
+1
µA
MCLR
20
OSC1
–3
130
0.5
0.5
250
+5
+3
µA
µA
µA
0.6
V
IOL = 8.7 mA, VDD = 4.5V
V
IOH = –5.4 mA, VDD = 4.5V
Output Low Voltage
I/O ports
Vol
Output High Voltage(3,4)
I/O ports
VoH
VDD –0.7
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP/RB3 pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different
input voltage.
3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin.
4: For PIC16C505 devices, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
PIC16C505 be driven with external clock in RC mode.
5: The user may use the better of the two specifications.
DS40192A-page 58
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
10.4
Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions - PIC16C505
The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats:
1. TppS2ppS
2. TppS
T
F
Frequency
T
Time
Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings:
pp
2
to
mc
MCLR
ck
CLKOUT
osc
oscillator
cy
cycle time
os
OSC1
drt
device reset timer
t0
T0CKI
io
I/O port
wdt
watchdog timer
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
S
F
Fall
P
Period
H
High
R
Rise
I
Invalid (Hi-impedance)
V
Valid
L
Low
Z
Hi-impedance
FIGURE 10-1: LOAD CONDITIONS - PIC16C505
Pin
CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2
CL
VSS
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
15 pF for OSC2 in XT, HS or LP
modes when external clock
is used to drive OSC1
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 59
PIC16C505
10.5
Timing Diagrams and Specifications
FIGURE 10-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING - PIC16C505
Q4
Q1
Q3
Q2
Q4
Q1
OSC1
1
3
3
4
4
2
TABLE 10-1:
EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C505
AC Characteristics
Parameter
No.
Sym
FOSC
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)
Operating Temperature
0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial),
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial),
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)
Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1
Characteristic
External CLKIN Frequency(2)
Oscillator Frequency(2)
1
2
TOSC
Tcy
Min
Typ(1)
Max
DC
—
4
MHz XT osc mode
DC
—
4
MHz HS osc mode
(PIC16C505-04)
DC
—
200
DC
—
4
MHz EXTRC osc mode
0.1
—
4
MHz XT osc mode
4
—
4
MHz HS osc mode
(PIC16C505-04)
4
—
20
MHz HS osc mode
(PIC16C505-20)
Units
kHz
Conditions
LP osc mode
DC
—
200
kHz
LP osc mode
External CLKIN Period(2)
250
—
—
ns
XT osc mode
5
—
—
µs
LP osc mode
Oscillator Period(2)
250
—
—
ns
EXTRC osc mode
250
—
10,000
ns
XT osc mode
250
—
250
ns
HS ocs mode
(PIC16C505-04)
50
—
250
ns
HS ocs mode
(PIC16C505-20)
LP osc mode
Instruction Cycle Time(3)
5
—
—
µs
—
4/FOSC
DC
ns
200
—
ns
TC4 = 4/FOSC
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design
guidance only and are not tested.
2: All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable
oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption.
When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.
3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.
DS40192A-page 60
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
TABLE 10-1:
EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C505 (CONTINUED)
AC Characteristics
Parameter
No.
3
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)
Operating Temperature
0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial),
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial),
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)
Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1
Sym
Characteristic
TosL, TosH Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time
Min
Typ(1)
Max
50*
—
—
ns
XT oscillator
2*
—
—
µs
LP oscillator
ns
HS oscillator
10
4
TosR, TosF Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time
Units
Conditions
—
—
25*
ns
XT oscillator
—
—
50*
ns
LP oscillator
—
—
15
ns
HS oscillator
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design
guidance only and are not tested.
2: All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable
oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption.
When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.
3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 61
PIC16C505
FIGURE 10-3:
I/O TIMING - PIC16C505
Q1
Q4
Q2
Q3
OSC1
I/O Pin
(input)
17
I/O Pin
(output)
18
19
New Value
Old Value
20, 21
Note: All tests must be done with specified capacitive loads (see data sheet) 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT.
TABLE 10-2:
TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C505
AC Characteristics
Parameter
No.
Sym
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)
Operating Temperature
0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)
Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1
Characteristic
Min
Typ(1)
Max
Units
—
—
100*
ns
17
TosH2ioV
OSC1↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid
18
TosH2ioI
OSC1↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid
(I/O in hold time)
TBD
—
—
ns
19
TioV2osH
Port input valid to OSC1↑
(I/O in setup time)
TBD
—
—
ns
20
TioR
Port output rise time(3)
—
10
25**
ns
21
TioF
—
10
25**
ns
(3)
Port output fall
time(3)
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
** These parameters are design targets and are not tested. No characterization data available at this time.
Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25˚C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design
guidance only and are not tested.
2: Measurements are taken in EXTRC mode.
3: See Figure 10-1 for loading conditions.
DS40192A-page 62
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
FIGURE 10-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER TIMING - PIC16C505
VDD
MCLR
30
Internal
POR
32
32
32
DRT
Timeout
(Note 2)
Internal
RESET
Watchdog
Timer
RESET
31
34
34
I/O pin
(Note 1)
Note 1: I/O pins must be taken out of hi-impedance mode by enabling the output drivers in software.
2: Runs in MCLR or WDT reset only in XT, LP and HS modes.
TABLE 10-3:
RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER - PIC16C505
AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)
Operating Temperature
0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)
Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1
Parameter
No.
Sym
30
TmcL
MCLR Pulse Width (low)
2000*
—
—
ns
VDD = 5 V
31
Twdt
Watchdog Timer Time-out Period
(No Prescaler)
9*
18*
30*
ms
VDD = 5 V (Commercial)
32
TDRT
Device Reset Timer Period(2)
9*
18*
30*
ms
VDD = 5 V (Commercial)
34
TioZ
I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low
—
—
2000*
ns
Characteristic
Min
Typ(1)
Max
Units
Conditions
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design
guidance only and are not tested.
TABLE 10-4:
DRT (DEVICE RESET TIMER PERIOD - PIC16C505
Oscillator Configuration
POR Reset
Subsequent Resets
IntRC & ExtRC
18 ms (typical)
300 µs (typical)
XT, HS & LP
18 ms (typical)
18 ms (typical)
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 63
PIC16C505
FIGURE 10-5: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS - PIC16C505
T0CKI
40
41
42
TABLE 10-5:
TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C505
AC Characteristics
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified)
Operating Temperature
0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)
Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1.
Parameter
Sym Characteristic
No.
40
Min
Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width - No Prescaler
0.5 TCY + 20*
—
—
ns
10*
—
—
ns
0.5 TCY + 20*
—
—
ns
10*
—
—
ns
20 or TCY + 40*
N
—
—
ns
- With Prescaler
41
Tt0L
T0CKI Low Pulse Width - No Prescaler
- With Prescaler
42
Tt0P T0CKI Period
Typ(1) Max Units Conditions
Whichever is greater.
N = Prescale Value
(1, 2, 4,..., 256)
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25˚C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
TABLE 10-6:
VDD (Volts)
PULL-UP RESISTOR RANGES - PIC16C505
Temperature (°C)
Min
Typ
Max
Units
32K
38K
39K
42K
17K
20K
22K
24K
35K
43K
43K
60K
20K
23K
25K
28K
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
326K
390K
427K
472K
292K
341K
371K
407K
395K
492K
500K
567K
360K
437K
448K
500K
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
RB0/RB1/RB4
3.0
5.5
-40
25
85
125
-40
25
85
125
27K
33K
33K
37K
15K
18K
19K
22K
-40
25
85
125
-40
25
85
125
271K
327K
348K
400K
247K
288K
306K
351K
RB3
3.0
5.5
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
DS40192A-page 64
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
11.0
DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16C505
The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested or guaranteed. In some
graphs or tables the data presented are outside specified operating range (e.g., outside specified VDD range). This is
for information only and devices will operate properly only within the specified range.
The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from different lots over a period of
time. “Typical” represents the mean of the distribution while “max” or “min” represents (mean + 3σ) and (mean – 3σ)
respectively, where σ is standard deviation.
FIGURE 11-1: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. TEMPERATURE (VDD = 5.0V)
(INTERNAL RC IS CALIBRATED TO 25°C, 5.0V)
Not available at this time.
FIGURE 11-2: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. TEMPERATURE (VDD = 3.0V)
(INTERNAL RC IS CALIBRATED TO 25°C, 5.0V)
Not available at this time.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 65
PIC16C505
FIGURE 11-3: INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY VS. CALIBRATION VALUE (VDD = 5.5V)
Not available at this time.
FIGURE 11-4: INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY VS. CALIBRATION VALUE (VDD = 3.5V)
Not available at this time.
TABLE 11-1:
Oscillator
DYNAMIC IDD (TYPICAL) - WDT ENABLED, 25°C
Frequency
VDD = 3.0V(1)
250 µA(2)
Internal RC
4 MHz
420 µA
XT
4 MHz
251 µA
LP
32 KHz
7 µA
HS
20 MHz
N/A
Note 1: LP oscilator based on VDD = 2.5V
External RC
4 MHz
VDD = 5.5V
620 µA(2)
1.1 mA
775 µA
37 µA
4.5 mA
Note 2: Does not include current through external R&C.
DS40192A-page 66
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
FIGURE 11-5: WDT TIMER TIME-OUT
PERIOD vs. VDD
FIGURE 11-6: SHORT DRT PERIOD VS. VDD
1000
50
900
45
800
40
700
WDT period (µs)
WDT period (µs)
35
30
Max +125°C
25
600
500
Max +125°C
Max +85°C
Max +85°C
400
20
Typ +25°C
300
Typ +25°C
15
200
10
MIn –40°C
MIn –40°C
100
2
5
2
3
4
5
VDD (Volts)
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
6
7
Preliminary
3
4
5
VDD (Volts)
6
7
DS40192A-page 67
PIC16C505
FIGURE 11-7: IOH vs. VOH, VDD = 2.5 V
FIGURE 11-9: IOL vs. VOL, VDD = 2.5 V
25
0
-1
20
Max –40°C
15
-3
IOL (mA)
IOH (mA)
-2
-4
Typ +25°C
10
125°C
Min +
-5
-6
Min +85°C
85°
Min +
C
Min +125°C
5
Typ +25°C
Max –40°C
-7
500m
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0
VOH (Volts)
0
250.0m
500.0m
1.0
VOL (Volts)
FIGURE 11-8: IOH vs. VOH, VDD = 5.5 V
FIGURE 11-10: IOL vs. VOL, VDD = 5.5 V
0
50
-5
Max –40°C
40
30
-15
25
Min +85°C
20
Min +125°C
0°
–4
-25
C
Ty
p
+2
5
M
°C
in
M
°C
+1
+8
5°
in
C
-20
Typ +25°C
IOL (mA)
IOH (mA)
-10
M
ax
10
-30
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
0
VOH (Volts)
250.0m
500.0m
750.0m
1.0
VOL (Volts)
DS40192A-page 68
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
12.0
PACKAGING INFORMATION
12.1
Package Marking Information
14-Lead PDIP (300 mil)
Example
16C505-04I/P
BUILT 4 SPEED
9804SAZ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
AABBCDE
Example
14-Lead SOIC (150 mil)
16C505-04I
9804SAZ
MMMMMMMMMM
AABBCDE
14-Lead Windowed Ceramic Side Brazed (300 mil)
JW
MM
16C505
MMMMMMM
Legend: MM...M
XX...X
AA
BB
C
D
E
Note:
*
Example
Microchip part number information
Customer specific information*
Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
Facility code of the plant at which wafer is manufactured
O = Outside Vendor
C = 5” Line
S = 6” Line
H = 8” Line
Mask revision number
Assembly code of the plant or country of origin in which
part was assembled
In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line,
it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available
characters for customer specific information.
Standard OTP marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week
code, facility code, mask rev#, and assembly code. For OTP marking beyond
this, certain price adders apply. Please check with your Microchip Sales
Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP
price.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 69
PIC16C505
Package Type:
K04-005 14-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (P) – 300 mil
E
D
2
1
n
α
E1
A
R
A1
L
c
A2
β
B1
eB
Units
Dimension Limits
PCB Row Spacing
Number of Pins
Pitch
Lower Lead Width
Upper Lead Width
Shoulder Radius
Lead Thickness
Top to Seating Plane
Top of Lead to Seating Plane
Base to Seating Plane
Tip to Seating Plane
Package Length
Molded Package Width
Radius to Radius Width
Overall Row Spacing
Mold Draft Angle Top
Mold Draft Angle Bottom
p
B
INCHES*
NOM
0.300
14
0.100
0.013
0.018
0.055
0.060
0.000
0.005
0.006
0.010
0.120
0.145
0.065
0.085
0.000
0.015
0.125
0.130
0.740
0.750
0.240
0.245
0.260
0.280
0.310
0.368
5
10
5
10
MIN
n
p
B
B1†
R
c
A
A1
A2
L
D‡
E‡
E1
eB
α
β
MAX
0.023
0.065
0.010
0.012
0.170
0.105
0.035
0.135
0.760
0.250
0.300
0.425
15
15
MILLIMETERS
NOM
MAX
7.62
14
2.54
0.33
0.46
0.58
1.40
1.52
1.65
0.00
0.13
0.25
0.20
0.25
0.30
3.05
3.68
4.32
1.65
2.16
2.67
0.00
0.38
0.89
3.18
3.30
3.43
18.80
19.05
19.30
6.10
6.22
6.35
6.60
7.11
7.62
7.87
9.33
10.80
5
10
15
5
10
15
MIN
* Controlling Parameter.
†
Dimension “B1” does not include dam-bar protrusions. Dam-bar protrusions shall not exceed 0.003”
(0.076 mm) per side or 0.006” (0.152 mm) more than dimension “B1.”
‡
Dimensions “D” and “E” do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not
exceed 0.010”(0.254 mm) per side or 0.020” (0.508 mm) more than dimensions “D” or “E.”
DS40192A-page 70
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
Package Type:
K04-065 14-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SL) – Narrow, 150 mil
E1
E
p
D
2
B
n
1
α
X
45°
L
R2
c
A
φ
R1
A2
L1
β
Units
Dimension Limits
Pitch
Number of Pins
Overall Pack. Height
Shoulder Height
Standoff
Molded Package Length
Molded Package Width
Outside Dimension
Chamfer Distance
Shoulder Radius
Gull Wing Radius
Foot Length
Foot Angle
Radius Centerline
Lead Thickness
Lower Lead Width
Mold Draft Angle Top
Mold Draft Angle Bottom
A1
INCHES*
NOM
0.050
14
0.058
0.063
0.027
0.036
0.004
0.006
0.338
0.341
0.150
0.153
0.230
0.236
0.010
0.014
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.011
0.016
4
0
0.000
0.005
0.008
0.009
0.014
0.017
0
12
0
12
MIN
p
n
A
A1
A2
D‡
E‡
E1
X
R1
R2
L
φ
L1
c
B†
α
β
MAX
0.068
0.044
0.008
0.344
0.156
0.242
0.018
0.010
0.010
0.021
8
0.010
0.010
0.019
15
15
MILLIMETERS
NOM
MAX
1.27
14
1.47
1.60
1.73
0.69
0.90
1.12
0.10
0.15
0.20
8.59
8.66
8.74
3.89
3.96
3.81
5.84
5.99
6.15
0.36
0.25
0.46
0.13
0.13
0.25
0.13
0.25
0.13
0.41
0.53
0.28
4
0
8
0.13
0.25
0.00
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.36
0.42
0.48
0
12
15
0
12
15
MIN
*
Controlling Parameter.
†
Dimension “B” does not include dam-bar protrusions. Dam-bar protrusions shall not exceed 0.003”
(0.076 mm) per side or 0.006” (0.152 mm) more than dimension “B.”
‡
Dimensions “D” and “E” do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not
exceed 0.010” (0.254 mm) per side or 0.020” (0.508 mm) more than dimensions “D” or “E.”
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 71
PIC16C505
Package Type:
14-Lead Ceramic Side Brazed Dual In-line with Window (JW) – 300 mil
E
W
T
D
2
n
1
U
A
A1
L
A2
c
B1
p
eB
Units
Dimension Limits
PCB Row Spacing
Number of Pins
Pitch
Lower Lead Width
Upper Lead Width
Lead Thickness
Top to Seating Plane
Top of Body to Seating Plane
Base to Seating Plane
Tip to Seating Plane
Package Length
Package Width
Overall Row Spacing
Window Diameter
Lid Length
Lid Width
B
MIN
n
p
B
B1
c
A
A1
A2
L
D
E
eB
W
T
U
0.098
0.016
0.050
0.008
0.145
0.103
0.025
0.130
0.680
0.280
0.310
0.161
0.440
0.260
INCHES*
NOM
0.300
14
0.100
0.018
0.055
0.010
0.165
0.123
0.035
0.140
0.700
0.290
0.338
0.166
0.450
0.270
MAX
0.102
0.020
0.060
0.012
0.185
0.143
0.045
0.150
0.720
0.300
0.365
0.171
0.460
0.280
MILLIMETERS
NOM
MAX
7.62
14
2.54
2.49
2.59
0.41
0.51
0.46
1.27
1.40
1.52
0.20
0.30
0.25
3.68
4.70
4.19
3.12
2.62
3.63
0.89
0.64
1.14
3.56
3.30
3.81
17.27
17.78
18.29
7.11
7.37
7.62
7.87
9.27
8.57
4.09
4.34
4.22
11.18
11.68
11.43
6.60
7.11
6.86
MIN
* Controlling Parameter.
DS40192A-page 72
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
INDEX
A
O
ALU ....................................................................................... 7
Applications........................................................................... 3
Architectural Overview .......................................................... 7
Assembler
MPASM Assembler..................................................... 52
B
Block Diagram
On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................. 33
Timer0......................................................................... 23
TMR0/WDT Prescaler................................................. 26
Watchdog Timer.......................................................... 35
Brown-Out Protection Circuit .............................................. 36
C
CAL0 bit .............................................................................. 16
CAL1 bit .............................................................................. 16
CAL2 bit .............................................................................. 16
CAL3 bit .............................................................................. 16
CALFST bit ......................................................................... 16
CALSLW bit ........................................................................ 16
Carry ..................................................................................... 7
Clocking Scheme ................................................................ 10
Code Protection ............................................................ 27, 37
Configuration Bits................................................................ 27
Configuration Word ............................................................. 27
D
DC and AC Characteristics ................................................. 65
Development Support ......................................................... 51
Development Tools ............................................................. 51
Device Varieties .................................................................... 5
Digit Carry ............................................................................. 7
OPTION Register ............................................................... 15
OSC selection..................................................................... 27
OSCCAL Register .............................................................. 16
Oscillator Configurations .................................................... 28
Oscillator Types
HS............................................................................... 28
LP ............................................................................... 28
RC .............................................................................. 28
XT ............................................................................... 28
P
Package Marking Information ............................................. 69
Packaging Information ........................................................ 69
PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PICmicro Demo Board ..................... 52
PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demo Board................... 52
PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX Demo Board ................ 52
PICMASTER In-Circuit Emulator ..................................... 51
PICSTART Plus Entry Level Development System......... 51
POR
Device Reset Timer (DRT) ................................... 27, 34
PD............................................................................... 36
Power-On Reset (POR).............................................. 27
TO............................................................................... 36
PORTB ............................................................................... 19
Power-Down Mode ............................................................. 37
Prescaler ............................................................................ 26
PRO MATE II Universal Programmer .............................. 51
Program Counter ................................................................ 17
Q
Q cycles .............................................................................. 10
R
Family of Devices
PIC16C505 ................................................................... 4
FSR..................................................................................... 18
Fuzzy Logic Dev. System (fuzzyTECH-MP) .................... 53
RC Oscillator ...................................................................... 29
Read Modify Write .............................................................. 20
Register File Map ............................................................... 12
Registers
Special Function ......................................................... 13
Reset .................................................................................. 27
Reset on Brown-Out ........................................................... 36
I
S
I/O Interfacing ..................................................................... 19
I/O Ports .............................................................................. 19
I/O Programming Considerations........................................ 20
ICEPIC Low-Cost PIC16CXXX In-Circuit Emulator ............ 51
ID Locations .................................................................. 27, 37
INDF.................................................................................... 18
Indirect Data Addressing..................................................... 18
Instruction Cycle ................................................................. 10
Instruction Flow/Pipelining .................................................. 10
Instruction Set Summary..................................................... 40
SEEVAL Evaluation and Programming System .............. 53
SLEEP .......................................................................... 27, 37
Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM) ...................................... 53
Special Features of the CPU .............................................. 27
Special Function Registers ................................................. 13
Stack................................................................................... 17
STATUS ................................................................................7
STATUS Register ............................................................... 14
F
K
KeeLoq Evaluation and Programming Tools.................... 53
L
Loading of PC ..................................................................... 17
M
Memory Organization.......................................................... 11
Data Memory .............................................................. 12
Program Memory ........................................................ 11
MP-DriveWay™ - Application Code Generator................... 53
MPLAB C ............................................................................ 53
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software .... 52
T
Timer0
Switching Prescaler Assignment ................................ 26
Timer0 ........................................................................ 23
Timer0 (TMR0) Module .............................................. 23
TMR0 with External Clock .......................................... 25
Timing Diagrams and Specifications .................................. 60
Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions .......... 59
TRIS Registers ................................................................... 19
W
Wake-up from SLEEP ........................................................ 37
Watchdog Timer (WDT)................................................ 27, 34
Period ......................................................................... 35
Programming Considerations ..................................... 35
Z
Zero bit ..................................................................................7
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 73
PIC16C505
NOTES:
DS40192A-page 74
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
ON-LINE SUPPORT
Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip
World Wide Web (WWW) site.
The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make
files and information easily available to customers. To
view the site, the user must have access to the Internet
and a web browser, such as Netscape or Microsoft
Explorer. Files are also available for FTP download
from our FTP site.
The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides
system users a listing of the latest versions of all of
Microchip's development systems software products.
Plus, this line provides information on how customers
can receive any currently available upgrade kits.The
Hot Line Numbers are:
1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and
1-602-786-7302 for the rest of the world.
Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site
980106
The Microchip web site is available by using your
favorite Internet browser to attach to:
www.microchip.com
The file transfer site is available by using an FTP service to connect to:
ftp://ftp.futureone.com/pub/microchip
The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of
services. Users may download files for the latest
Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes,
User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business information is also
available, including listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives. Other data
available for consideration is:
• Latest Microchip Press Releases
• Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked
Questions
• Design Tips
• Device Errata
• Job Postings
• Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing
• Links to other useful web sites related to
Microchip Products
• Conferences for products, Development Systems,
technical information and more
• Listing of seminars and events
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Trademarks: The Microchip name, logo, PIC, PICSTART,
PICMASTER and PRO MATE are registered trademarks
of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and
other countries. PICmicro, FlexROM, MPLAB and fuzzyLAB are trademarks and SQTP is a service mark of Microchip in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of
their respective companies.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 75
PIC16C505
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation
can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (602) 786-7578.
Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this Data Sheet.
To:
Technical Publications Manager
RE:
Reader Response
Total Pages Sent
From: Name
Company
Address
City / State / ZIP / Country
Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________
FAX: (______) _________ - _________
Application (optional):
Would you like a reply?
Device: PIC16C505
Y
N
Literature Number: DS40192A
Questions:
1. What are the best features of this document?
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this data sheet easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the data sheet do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
5. What deletions from the data sheet could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?
6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?
7. How would you improve this document?
8. How would you improve our software, systems, and silicon products?
DS40192A-page 76
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
PIC16C505 Product Identification System
Examples
PART NO. -XX X /XX XXX
Pattern:
Special Requirements
Package:
SL
P
JW
= 150 mil SOIC
= 300 mil PDIP
= 300 mil Windowed Ceramic Side Brazed
Temperature
Range:
I
E
04
04
20
=
=
=
=
=
=
Frequency
Range:
Device
0°C to +70°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +125°C
4 MHz (XT, INTRC, EXTRC OSC)
200 KHz (LP OSC)
20 MHz (HS OSC)
PIC16C505
PIC16LC505
PIC16C505T (Tape & reel for SOIC only)
PIC16LC505T (Tape & reel for SOIC only)
a)
PIC16C505-04/P
Commercial Temp.,
PDIP Package, 4 MHz,
normal VDD limits
b)
PIC16C505-04I/SL
Industrial Temp., SOIC
package, 4 MHz, normal
VDD limits
c)
PIC16C505-04I/P
Industrial Temp.,
PDIP package, 4 MHz,
normal VDD limits
Please contact your local sales office for exact ordering procedures.
Sales and Support
Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may possibly have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and
recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following:
1. Your local Microchip sales office (see below)
2. The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (602) 786-7277
Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using.
For latest version information and upgrade kits for Microchip Development Tools, please call 1-800-755-2345 or 1-602-786-7302.
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 77
PIC16C505
NOTES:
DS40192A-page 78
Preliminary
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C505
NOTES:
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40192A-page 79
M
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
AMERICAS
ASIA/PACIFIC
ASIA/PACIFIC (continued)
Corporate Office
Hong Kong
Taiwan, R.O.C
Microchip Technology Inc.
2355 West Chandler Blvd.
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199
Tel: 602-786-7200 Fax: 602-786-7277
Technical Support: 602 786-7627
Web: http://www.microchip.com
Microchip Asia Pacific
RM 3801B, Tower Two
Metroplaza
223 Hing Fong Road
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Tel: 852-2-401-1200 Fax: 852-2-401-3431
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10F-1C 207
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Tel: 886-2-2717-7175 Fax: 886-2-2545-0139
Atlanta
India
Microchip Technology Inc.
500 Sugar Mill Road, Suite 200B
Atlanta, GA 30350
Tel: 770-640-0034 Fax: 770-640-0307
Microchip Technology Inc.
India Liaison Office
No. 6, Legacy, Convent Road
Bangalore 560 025, India
Tel: 91-80-229-0061 Fax: 91-80-229-0062
Boston
Microchip Technology Inc.
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Tel: 508-480-9990 Fax: 508-480-8575
Chicago
Microchip Technology Inc.
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Tel: 630-285-0071 Fax: 630-285-0075
Dallas
Microchip Technology Inc.
14651 Dallas Parkway, Suite 816
Dallas, TX 75240-8809
Tel: 972-991-7177 Fax: 972-991-8588
Dayton
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Tel: 937-291-1654 Fax: 937-291-9175
Los Angeles
Microchip Technology Inc.
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Tel: 714-263-1888 Fax: 714-263-1338
New York
Japan
Microchip Technology Intl. Inc.
Benex S-1 6F
3-18-20, Shinyokohama
Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama-shi
Kanagawa 222-0033 Japan
Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122
Korea
EUROPE
United Kingdom
Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd.
505 Eskdale Road
Winnersh Triangle
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Tel: 44-1189-21-5858 Fax: 44-1189-21-5835
France
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2 Rue du Buisson aux Fraises
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Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
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Germany
Shanghai
Italy
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Arizona Microchip Technology GmbH
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Tel: 49-89-627-144 0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Singapore
4/3/98
Microchip Technology Singapore Pte Ltd.
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#07-02 Prime Centre
Singapore 188980
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Microchip Technology Inc.
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Toronto
Microchip Technology Inc.
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Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1W1, Canada
Tel: 905-405-6279 Fax: 905-405-6253
All rights reserved. © 1998, Microchip Technology Incorporated, USA. 4/98
Microchip received ISO 9001 Quality
System certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design, and wafer
fabrication facilities in January, 1997.
Our field-programmable PICmicro™
8-bit MCUs, Serial EEPROMs,
related specialty memory products
and development systems conform
to the stringent quality standards of
the International Standard
Organization (ISO).
Printed on recycled paper.
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended for suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. No representation or warranty is given and no
liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use
or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or
otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights reserved. All other
trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies.
DS40192A-page 80
 1998 Microchip Technology Inc.