ZILOG Z8631804SEC

PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
1
Z86318
1
Z8® MCU 8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER
FEATURES
Device
ROM
(KB)
RAM*
(Bytes)
I/O
Lines
Voltage
Range
Z86318
124
14
21
0V to 6.0V
–
–
–
Note: *General-Purpose
–
■
–40°C to +105°C Operating Temperature Range
■
Low-Power Consumption: 33 mW (Typical)
■
ROM Mask Options:
– Permanent Watch-Dog Timer
ROM Protect
Low-Voltage Protection
Pull-Up/Pull-Down I/O Pins
(Nibble Programmable)
Feedback Resistor on the On-Chip Oscillator
■
On-Chip Oscillator (Crystal, Ceramic Resonator,
LC, or External Clock Drive)
■
Fast Instruction Pointer: 1.5 µs @ 4 MHz
■
ESD Protection Circuitry
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Z86318 is a member of the Z8® MCU family of CMOS
microcontrollers. This device offers on-board pull-up and
pull-down resistors (ROM mask-option programmable on a
nibble basis), a scalable trip-point buffer to accommodate
opto-transistor outputs, and high drive ports capable of up
to 20 mA current sinking per pin (3 pins maximum).
The Z86318 features I/O Ports (IOL = 20 mA at VOL =
0.8V, 3 pins max.) to provide increased current sinking capabilities. These devices also offer users a selection of
ROM mask options, which include a permanently enabled
Watch-Dog Timer that ensures operational reliability
across a broad range of application environments.
For applications requiring powerful I/O capabilities, the
Z86318 provides dedicated input and output lines that are
grouped into three ports. These ports can be configured by
means of ROM mask options (nibble-programmable) as
pull ups, pull downs, or neither. There are two basic address spaces available. Program Memory, and 124 bytes
of general-purpose registers.
DS96KEY0103 (8/96)
The Z86318 devices provide two on-chip 8-bit programmable counter/timers with a large number of user-selectable
modes. Each counter/timer is driven by its own 6-bit programmable prescaler. The Z86318 counter/timers off-load
system real-time tasks such as counting/timing and input/output data communications for increased system efficiency.
Notes: All Signals with a preceding front slash, “/”, are active Low, e.g.; B//W (WORD is active Low); /B/W (BYTE is
active Low, only).
Power connections follow conventional descriptions below:
Connection
Circuit
Device
Power
Ground
VCC
GND
VDD
VSS
PRELIMINARY
1
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
GENERAL DESCRIPTION (Continued)
VDD
Input
VSS
XTAL
Machine
Timing & Inst.
Control
Port 3
ALU
Counter/
Timers (2)
FLAG
Register
Pointer
Interrupt
Control
Register File
144 x 8-Bit
Port 2
Port 0
I/O
(Bit Programmable)
I/O
Figure 1. Z86318 Functional Block Diagram
2
PRELIMINARY
Prg. Memory
3072 x 8-Bit (318)
2048 x 8-Bit (319)
Program
Counter
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
P24
1
18
P23
P25
2
17
P22
P26
3
16
P21
P27
4
15
P20
VDD
5
Z86318 14
XTAL2
6
13
P02
XTAL1
7
12
P01
P31
8
11
P00
P32
9
10
P33
1
Table 1. Z86318 18 Pin DIP/SOIC Pin Identification
Pin #
1-4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11-13
14
15-18
VSS
Symbol
P24-P27
VDD
XTAL2
XTAL1
P31
P32
P33
P00-P02
VSS
P20-P23
Function
Port 2, Pins 4, 5, 6, 7
Power Supply
XTAL Osc. Clock
XTAL Osc. Clock
Port 3, Pin 1
Port 3, Pin 2
Port 3, Pin 3
Port 0, Pins 0, 1, 2
Ground
Port 2, Pins 0, 1, 2, 3
Direction
In/Output
Input
Output
Input
Input
Input
Input
In/Output
In/Output
Figure 2. Z86318 18-Pin DIP/SOIC
Pin Configuration
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Sym.
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Units
VDD
Supply Voltage*
–0.3
+7
V
TSTG
Storage Temp.
–65°
+150°
C
TA
Oper. Ambient Temp.
†
†
C
Note:
*Voltages on all pins with respect to Ground.
†See Ordering Information.
Stresses greater than those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; operation of the device at
any condition above those indicated in the operational sections of these specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods
may affect device reliability.
PRELIMINARY
3
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS
The characteristics listed below apply for standard test
conditions as noted. All voltages are referenced to
Ground.Positive current flows into the referenced pin (Figure 3).
From Output
Under Test
I
150 pF
Figure 3. Test Load Diagram
CAPACITANCE
TA = GND = 0V, f = 1.0 MHz, unmeasured pins returned to Ground.
Parameter
Input Capacitance
Output Capacitance
I/O Capacitance
Min.
Max.
0
0
0
10 pF
20 pF
25 pF
VCC SPECIFICATION
VCC = 4.0V to 6.0V
4
PRELIMINARY
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Sym
Parameter
VDD
TA= 0°C to +70°C
Typical
Min
@ 25°C
Max
1
Units
Conditions
V
VIN < 250 µA (Port Pins Only)
2.0
3.0
V
V
Driven by External Clock Generator
0.2 VDD
0.2 VDD
0.8
1.5
V
V
Driven by External Clock Generator
0.7 VDD
0.7 VDD
VDD + 0.3
VDD + 0.3
1.6
2.6
V
V
4.0V
6.0V
0.7 VDD
0.7 VDD
VDD + 0.3
VDD + 0.3
1.4
2.6
V
V
Input Low Voltage
Schmitt-Triggered
4.0V
6.0V
VSS – 0.3
VSS – 0.3
0.2 VDD
0.2 VDD
0.8
1.5
V
V
VIL
Input Low Voltage
CMOS Input
4.0V
6.0V
VSS – 0.3
VSS – 0.3
0.2 VDD
0.2 VDD
1.3
2.4
V
V
VOH
Output High
Voltage
4.0V
4.5V
VDD – 0.4
VDD – 0.4
2.8
4.4
V
V
IOH = –2.0 mA
VOL1
Output Low Voltage
Output Low Voltage
0.6
0.4
1.5
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.8
0.3
V
V
V
V
IOL = +4.0 mA
VOL2
4.0V
6.0V
4.0V
6.0V
IOL = 20.0 mA, 3 Pin Max
OL = 10.0 mA, 6 Pin Max
VLV
VCC Low-Voltage
Protection*
Trip-Point Voltage*
2.7
2.3
V
@ 2 MHz Max
V
V
P24-P27
1.8
2.2
2.4
1.04
1.15
1.27
1.37
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
V
V
V No Off-Chip Resistance
V
V
V
µA VIN = 0V, VCC
µA
µA
µA VIN = 0V, VCC
µA
µA
Max Input Voltage
4.0V
VCH
Clock Input High
Voltage
4.0V
6.0V
0.7 VDD
0.7 VDD
VDD + 0.3
VDD + 0.3
VCL
Clock Input Low
Voltage
4.0V
6.0V
VSS – 0.3
VSS – 0.3
VIH
Input High Voltage
Schmitt-Triggered
4.0V
6.0V
VIH
Input High Voltage
CMOS Input
VIL
VTP
VOC
Input Open-Circuit
Voltage
IIL
Input Leakage
IOL
Output Leakage
12
1.6
4.0V
4.5V
1.5
5.5V
6.0V
4.5V
5.0V
5.5V
6.0V
3.0V
5.5V
6.0V
4.0V
5.5V
6.0V
1.9
2.1
0.95
1.05
1.15
1.25
–1.0
–1.0
–1.0
–1.0
–1.0
–1.0
0.4 VDD
2.1
2.5
2.7
1.15
1.25
1.39
1.49
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Note:
*The Z86318 is functional to VLV voltage. The minimum operational VDD is determined by the value of the VLV voltage at
ambient temperature. The VLV voltage increases as temperature decreases.
PRELIMINARY
5
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
TA= 0°C to +70°C Typical
Parameter
VDD
IDD
Supply Current
IDD1
Standby Current
Sym.
Min.
Max.
@ 25°C
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
6.0V
6.0V
6.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
1.5
2.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.41
0.93
1.64
1.44
2.60
4.28
0.15
0.20
0.3
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
@ 1 MHz
[1]
@ 2 MHz
[1]
@ 4 MHz
[1]
@ 1 MHz
[1]
@ 2 MHz
[1]
@ 4 MHz
[1]
HALT mode VIN = 0V, VCC @ 1 MHz
HALT mode VIN = 0V, VCC @ 2 MHz
HALT mode VIN = 0V, VCC @ 4 MHz
6.0V
6.0V
6.0V
1.3
1.5
2.0
0.70
0.80
1.0
mA
mA
mA
HALT mode VIN = 0V, VCC @ 1 MHz
HALT mode VIN = 0V, VCC @ 2 MHz
HALT mode VIN = 0V, VCC @ 4 MHz
10
1.5
mA
STOP mode VIN = 0V, VCC
µA
VIH @ 1V
VIH @ 1V
µA
VIL @ 3V
VIL @ 4V
µA
VIH @ 0V
VIH @ 0V
µA
VIH @ 3V
VIH @ 3V
IDD2
Standby Current
6.0V
IPU
Pull-Up Current (100K)
Port P00–P02;
Port P22, P23;
Port P31–P33
Pull-Down Current (100K)
Port P00–P02;
Port P22, P23;
Port P31–P33
Pull-Up Current (10K)
Port P20, P21
4.5V
6.0V
-20
4.5V
6.0V
20
4.5V
6.0V
208
Pull-Down Current (10K)
Port P20, P21
4.5V
6.0V
170
IPD
IPU
IPD
105
114
870
870
Note: [1] All outputs unloaded, I/O pins floating, inputs at rail.
6
Units Conditions
PRELIMINARY
Notes
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Timing Diagrams
1
3
1
Clock
2
7
2
3
7
T
IN
4
5
6
IRQ
N
8
9
Figure 4. Electrical Timing Diagram
PRELIMINARY
7
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 4V to 6V ±10%, TA = 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise specified)
TA = 0°C to +70°C
1 MHz
4 MHz
No.
Symbol
Parameter
VDD
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Units
Notes
1
2
TpC
TrC,TfC
6.0V
6.0V
1,000
100,000
25
250
100,000
25
ns
ns
[1]
3
4
5
6
7
100
70
ns
ns
100
ns
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
8
TwC
TwTinL
TwTinH
TpTin
TrTin,
TtTin
TwIL
ns
[1,2]
9
TwIH
10
11
Twdt
TPOR
Input Clock Period
Clock Input Rise
and Fall Times
Input Clock Width
Timer Input Low Width
Timer Input High Width
Timer Input Period
Timer Input Rise
and Fall Timer
Int. Request Input
Low Time
Int. Request Input
High Time
Watch-Dog Timer
Power-On Reset Time
6.0V
6.0V
6.0V
6.0V
6.0V
475
70
2.5TpC
4TpC
2.5TpC
4TpC
100
6.0V
70
70
6.0V
2.5TpC
2.5TpC
6.0V
6.0V
24
6
24
6
Notes:
1. Timing Reference uses 0.9 VDD for a logic 1 and 0.1 VDD for a logic 0.
2. Interrupt request through Port 3 (P33-P31).
8
PRELIMINARY
[1,2]
ms
ms
[1]
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
PIN FUNCTIONS
XTAL1, XTAL2. Crystal in, crystal out (time-based input
and output, respectively). These pins connect a parallelresonant crystal, LC, or an external single-phase clock (4
MHz Max.) to the on-chip clock oscillator and buffer. Note:
XTAL1 has a pull-down resistor.
Port 0 (P02-P00). Port 0 is a 3-bit, I/O programmable, bidirectional, CMOS-compatible I/O port. These three I/O
lines can be configured under software control to be input
or output (see Figure 5). When Port 0 is configured as an
input port, all lines have the capability to be globally configured (ROM mask option) for a 100K pull-down or pull-up
resistor. The pull-up/pull-down resistor can be disabled as
well. (No current is drawn if disabled.) Graphs showing
current versus pin voltage are shown in Figures 6 and 7.
Pull-Up
Enable
/OEN
Pad
Out
In
Pull-Down
Enable
Figure 5. Port 0 Configuration
PRELIMINARY
9
1
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
PIN FUNCTIONS (Continued)
Figure 6. Typical Current Versus Pin Voltage Values
10
PRELIMINARY
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
1
Figure 7. Typical Current Versus Pin Voltage Values
PRELIMINARY
11
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
PIN FUNCTIONS (Continued)
Port 2 (P27-P20). Port 2 is an 8-bit, bit-programmable, bidirectional, CMOS-compatible I/O port. P23-P20 can be
configured under software control to be input or output, independently. Note: Bits D3 and D4 of POIM register must
be set to 0. Bits programmed as outputs may be globally
programmed as either push-pull or open-drain via bit D0,
P3M register. P20 and P21 can be configured with a ROM
mask option for 10 Kohm pull-up/pull-down, or none. P22
and P23 can be configured with a ROM mask option for
100 Kohm pull-up/pull-down, or none (Figure 8). No cur-
rent is drawn if pull-up/pull-down is disabled. Note: P23-20
are configured for pull-up/pull-down/none globally.
P24-P27 can be configured as a voltage divider. The voltage divider consists of an internal 25K pull-up resistor (Figure 9), and a 7.5K pull-down resistor. The zero trip-point input levels on P24-P27 are adjusted for connection to the
emitters of opto-transistors and switch at a voltage level of
0.4 VDD. All four of the voltage dividers are globally configured as enabled or disabled.
Pull-Up
Enable
/Open-Drain
/OEN
Pad
Out
In
Pull-Down
Enable
Note: P20, P21: 10K Pull-Up/Down or none.
P22, P23: 100K Pull-Up/Down or none.
P23-20 are globally selected for Pull-Up/Down or none.
Figure 8. Port 2 P20-P23 Configuration
12
PRELIMINARY
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
Resistance Tolerance (0 - +40°C)
Min.
Max.
Typ.
Pull-Down
5.2K
8.9K
7.5K
Pull-Up
18K
30K
25K
1
25K
7.5K
Divenb
/Open-Drain
/OE
Pad
Out
In
0.4 VDD
Trip Point Buffer
Figure 9. Port 2 P27-P24 Configuration
Port 3 (P33, P32, P31). Port 3 is a 3-bit, CMOS-compatible port with three fixed input lines (P33–P31). These three
lines can also be used as the interrupt sources IRQ2,
IRQ1, and IRQ0. P31 can also be configured as a timer input.
All three lines can be configured globally by means of ma
ROM mask option for a 100 Kohm pull-up or pull-down resistor (Figure 10), or no pull-up/pull-down. No current is
drawn if pull-up/pull-down is disabled.
PRELIMINARY
13
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
PIN FUNCTIONS (Continued)
Pull-Up
Enable
Pad
Data Latch
P31
IRQ2, TIN
Pull-Down
/Enable
Pull-Up
Enable
Pad
Data Latch
P32
Pull-Down
/Enable
Pull-Up
Enable
Pad
P33
Pull-Down
/Enable
Figure 10. Port 3 P31-P33 Configuration
14
Data Latch
IRQ1
PRELIMINARY
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
The Z86318 MCU incorporates the following special features to enhance the Z8® architectural core for use in
mouse and trackball applications.
Reset. The Z86318 is reset in one of the following conditions: 1) Power-On Reset (POR), 2) Watch-Dog Timer
(WDT) Mode, 3) Stop-Mode Recovery source, and 4) LowVoltage Recovery. Other sources of Reset, ports are configured in an input mode, asynchronous of the clock. However, a clock is required to generate the internal reset that
resets the internal registers.
Auto POR circuitry is built into the Z86318, eliminating the
need for an external reset circuit to reset on power-on.
3064
Location of
First Byte of
Instruction
Executed
After RESET
On-Chip
ROM
12
Table 2. Z86318 Control Registers
11
IRQ5
Reset Values
10
IRQ5
9
IRQ4
8
IRQ4
7
Reserved
6
Reserved
5
IRQ2
4
IRQ2
3
IRQ1
2
IRQ1
1
Reserved
0
Reserved
Addr.Reg.
F1
TMR
F2
T1
F3
PRE1
F4
T0
F5
PRE0
F6* P2M
F7*
F8*
F9
FA
FB
FC
FD
FF
Program Memory. The Z86318 device can address up to
3 KB of internal program memory (Figure 11). The first 12
bytes of Program Memory are reserved for the interrupt
vectors. These locations contain four 16-bit vectors that
correspond to the four available interrupts. Bytes 0-3064
are programmed on-chip by means of a ROM mask option.
D7
0
U
U
U
U
1
P3M U
P01M U
IPR
U
IRQ
U
IMR
0
FLAGS U
RP
U
SPL
U
D6
0
U
U
U
U
1
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D5
0
U
U
U
U
1
U
U
U
0
U
U
U
U
D4
0
U
U
U
U
1
U
0
U
0
U
U
U
U
D3
0
U
U
U
U
1
U
U
U
0
U
U
U
U
D2
0
U
U
U
U
1
U
U
U
0
U
U
U
U
D1
0
U
0
U
U
1
1
0
U
0
U
U
U
U
D0 Comments
0
U
0
U
0
1 Inputs after
reset
0
1
U
0
U
U
U
U
Interrupt
Vector
(Lower Byte)
Interrupt
Vector
(Upper Byte)
Notes: *
Figure 11. Program Memory Map
A reset after a Low on P27 to exit STOP mode may
affect device reliability.
PRELIMINARY
15
1
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Register File. The Register File consists of three I/O port
registers, 124 general-purpose registers, and 15 control
and status registers, R0-R3, R4-R127 and R241-R255, respectively (see Figure 12). The Z86318 instructions can
access registers directly or indirectly via an 8-bit address
field. This allows short, 4-bit register addressing using the
Register Pointer.
In the 4-bit mode, the register file is divided into eight
working register groups, each occupying 16 continuous locations. The Register Pointer addresses the starting location of the active working-register group (Figures 13 and
14).
r7 r6
r5 r4
r3 r2
r1 r0
R253
(Register Pointer)
The upper nibble of the register file address
provided by the register pointer specifies
the active working-register group.
FF
Register Group F
R15 to R0
F0
7F
70
6F
LOCATION
IDENTIFIERS
R255
Stack Pointer (Bits 7-0)
SPL
R254
General-Purpose
GPR
R253
Register Pointer
RP
R252
Program Control Flags
FLAGS
R251
Interrupt Mask Register
IMR
R250
Interrupt Request Register
IRQ
R249
Interrupt Priority Register
IPR
R248
Ports 0-1 Mode
P01M
R247
Port 3 Mode
P3M
R246
Port 2 Mode
P2M
R245
T0 Prescaler
PRE0
R244
Timer/Counter0
R243
T1 Prescaler
R242
Timer/Counter1
R241
Timer Mode
10
0F
TMR
Not Implemented
R128
R127
Port 3
P3
R2
Port 2
P2
R1
Reserved
R0
Port 0
P0
Figure 12. Register File
16
Specified Working
Register Group
Register Group 1
R15 to R0
Register Group 0
R15 to R4
I/O Ports
00
Figure 13. Register Pointer
T1
R3
30
2F
The lower nibble
of the register
file address
provided by the
instruction points
to the specified
register.
20
1F
PRE1
General-Purpose
Registers
50
4F
40
3F
T0
R4
60
5F
PRELIMINARY
R3 to R0
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
Z8® STANDARD CONTROL REGISTERS
REGISTER POINTER
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
RESET CONDITION
0
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Working Register
Group Pointer
% FF
REGISTER
Bits 0-3 must be 0
Z8 Register File
% FO
% EO
*
*
% 7F
% FF
SPL
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% FE
GPR
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% FD
RP
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% FC
FLAGS
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% FB
IMR
0
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% FA
IRQ
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% F9
IPR
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% F8
P01M
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
% F7
P3M
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% F6
P2M
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
% F5
PRE0
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% F4
T0
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% F3
PRE1
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% F2
T1
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% F1
TMR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% F0
Reserved
REGISTER
*
*
% 0F
% 00
RESET CONDITION
% (0) 03
P3
0
0
0
0
U
U
U
U
% (0) 02
P2
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
% (0) 01
Reserved
% (0) 00
P0
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Notes:
All addresses are in Hexadecimal
U = Unknown
* Will not be reset with a Stop-Mode Recovery
Figure 14. Register File Architecture
ROM Protect. A ROM Protect feature prevents “dumping”
of the ROM contents without inhibiting execution of LDC,
LDCI, LDE, and LDEI instructions. This feature is maskprogrammable.
Stack Pointer. The Z86318 features an 8-bit Stack Pointer (R255) used for the internal stack that resides within the
124 general-purpose registers.
Counter/Timer. There are two 8-bit programmable
counter/timers (T0 and T1), each driven by its own 6-bit
programmable prescaler. The T1 prescaler can be driven
by internal or external clock sources, however, the T0 can
be driven by the internal clock source only (see Figure 15).
The 6-bit prescalers can divide the input frequency of the
clock source by any integer number from 1 to 64. Each
prescaler drives its counter, which decrements the value
(1 to 256) that has been loaded into the counter. When
both counter and prescaler reach the end of count, a timer
interrupt request IRQ4 (T0) or IRQ5 (T1) is generated.
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17
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (Continued)
The counter can be programmed to start, stop, restart to
continue, or restart from the initial value. The counters can
also be programmed to stop upon reaching zero (single
pass mode) or to automatically reload the initial value and
continue counting (modulo-n continuous mode).
clock source for T1 is user-definable and can be either the
internal microprocessor clock divided by four, or an external signal input via Port 3. The Timer Mode register configures the external timer input (P31) as an external clock, a
trigger input that is retriggerable or not retriggerable, or as
a gate input for the internal clock.
The counters, but not the prescalers, may be read at any
time without disturbing their value or count mode. The
Internal Data Bus
Write
Write
Read
PRE0
Initial Value
Register
T0
Initial Value
Register
6-Bit
Down
Counter
8-Bit
Down
Counter
6-Bit
Down
Counter
8-Bit
Down
Counter
PRE1
Initial Value
Register
T1
Initial Value
Register
T0
Current Value
Register
OSC
÷4
IRQ4
Internal
Clock
External Clock
Clock
Logic
÷4
TIN P31
Internal Clock
Gated Clock
Triggered Clock
Write
Write
Internal Data Bus
Figure 15. Counter/Timers Block Diagram
18
PRELIMINARY
IRQ5
T1
Current Value
Register
Read
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
Interrupts. The Z86318 features four interrupts from four
different sources. These interrupts are maskable and prioritized (Figure 16). The four sources are divided as follows: the falling edge of P31, P33, and the two counter/timers. The Interrupt Mask Register globally or individually
enables or disables the four interrupt requests (Table 4).
When more than one interrupt is pending, priorities are resolved by a programmable priority encoder that is controlled by the Interrupt Priority register. All Z86318 interrupts are vectored through locations in program memory.
When an interrupt machine cycle is activated, an interrupt
request is granted. This disables all subsequent interrupts,
saves the Program Counter and Status Flags, and then
branches to the program memory vector location reserved
for that interrupt. This memory location and the next byte
contain the 16-bit starting address of the Interrupt Service
Routine for that particular interrupt request.
To accommodate polled interrupt systems, interrupt inputs
are masked and the Interrupt Request Register is polled to
determine which of the interrupt requests needs service.
Table 3. Interrupt Types, Sources, and Vectors
Source
P33
P31
T0
T1
Name
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ4
IRQ5
Vector
2,3
4,5
8,9
10,11
Location Comments
External (F)Edge
External (F)Edge
Internal
Internal
Notes:
F = Falling edge triggered
R = Rising edge triggered
IRQ0 - IRQ5
IRQ
IMR
6
Global
Interrupt
Enable
Interrupt
Request
IPR
Priority
Logic
Vector Select
Figure 16. Interrupt Block Diagram
Clock. The Z86318 on-chip oscillator has a parallel-resonant amplifier for connection to a crystal, ceramic resonator, or any suitable external clock source (XTAL1 = Input,
XTAL2 = Output). The crystal should be AT cut, 4 MHz
max, with a series resistance (RS) less than or equal to
100 Ohms.
The crystal should be connected across XTAL1 and
XTAL2 using the recommended capacitors (capacitance is
between 10 pF to 250 pF and is specified by the crystal
manufacturer, ceramic resonator and PCB layout) from
each pin to ground (see Figure 17).
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19
1
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (Continued)
XTAL1
C1
XTAL1
XTAL1
XTAL2
XTAL2
C1
L
XTAL2
C2
C2
Ceramic
Resonator
or Crystal
LC Clock
External Clock
Figure 17. Oscillator Configuration
HALT Mode. This instruction turns off the internal CPU
clock but not the on-chip oscillation circuit. The
counter/timers and external interrupts IRQ1 and IRQ2 remain active. The device can be recovered by interrupts, either externally or internally generated. An interrupt request
must be executed (enabled) to exit HALT mode. After the
interrupt service routine, the program continues from the
instruction after the HALT. The HALT mode may also be
exited via POR/RESET activation or a WDT time-out. In
this case, the program execution begins at location
000CH. The WDH instruction is used to enable the WatchDog Timer in HALT mode.
STOP Mode. This instruction turns off the internal clock
and reduces the standby current. The STOP mode can be
released by the following methods: 1) Power-On Reset
(POR) and 2) P27 is configured as an input line when the
device executes the STOP instruction. A low input condition on P27 that meets a minimum pulse width (TWSM) releases the STOP mode. Note: WDT is disabled in STOP
mode.
In order to enter STOP (or HALT) mode, it is necessary to
first flush the instruction pipeline to avoid suspending execution in mid-instruction. To do this, the user must execute
a NOP (opcode=FFH) immediately before the appropriate
sleep instruction, such as the following:
FF
NOP
; clear the pipeline
6F
STOP
FF
7F
NOP
HALT
; enter the STOP
mode
or
; clear the pipeline
; enter the HALT
mode
In STOP or HALT mode, the value of each output line prior
to the HALT or STOP instruction is retained during execution.
Upon reset, program execution begins at location 000C
(hex). However, when P27 is used to release the STOP
mode, the I/O port mode registers are not reconfigured to
their default power-on conditions. This prevents any I/O,
configured as an output when the STOP instruction was
executed, from glitching to an unknown state. To use the
P27 release approach with STOP mode, use the following
instruction:
LDP2M, #1XXX XXXXB(X = user's choice)
NOP
STOP
20
PRELIMINARY
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
Watch-Dog Timer (WDT). The WDT is initially enabled by
executing the WDT instruction and it is refreshed by subsequent WDT instruction executions. Note: Once the WDT
has been enabled, it cannot be disabled. The time-out period of the WDT is 24 ms. The WDT instruction affects the
Zero (Z), Sign (S), and Overflow (V) flags. The WDT can
be permanently enabled (ROM mask option) upon MCU
power-up.
Opcode WDT (5FH). Execution of WDT clears the WDT
counter. This must be done at least every 24 ms, otherwise, the WDT times out and generates a reset. This generated reset is the same as a power-on reset of 6.0 ms,
plus 18 clock cycles.
Low-Voltage Protection (VLV). The device will function
normally between 6.0V and 4.0V under all specified conditions. Below 4.0V, the device is still internally functional until the Low Voltage trip point (VLV) is reached; however, it
is not guaranteed to meet all AC and DC Characteristics.
When the supply voltage drops below VLV, an automatic
hardware reset occurs, re-initializing the Z86318. The
Low-Voltage Protection feature may be selected as a
ROM mask option.
The actual VLV is a function of temperature, operating frequency and process parameters. A typical example of the
VLV trip-point function at ambient temperature for a frequency of 4 MHz is illustrated in Figure 18.
Vcc
(Volts)
2.80
2.75
2.70
2.65
LLV (Typical)
2.60
2.55
2.50
–5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Temperature (°C)
Figure 18. Typical Z86318 VLV Versus Temperature
PRELIMINARY
21
1
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
Z8 CONTROL REGISTERS
R244 T0
R241 TMR
D7 D6
D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
D0
T0 Initial Value
(When Written)
(Range: 1-256 Decimal
01-00 HEX)
T0 Current Value
(When READ)
0 No Function
1 Load T0
0 Disable T0 Count
1 Enable T0 Count
0 No Function
1 Load T1
0 Disable T1 Count
1 Enable T1 Count
TIN Modes
00 External Clock Input
01 Gate Input
10 Trigger Input
(Non-retriggerable)
11 Trigger Input
(Retriggerable)
Figure 22. Counter Timer 0 Register (F4H: Read/Write)
R245 PRE0
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D0
Count Mode
0 T0 Single Pass
1 T0 Modulo N
Reserved (Must be 0)
Reserved (Must be 0)
Figure 19. Timer Mode Register (F1H:Read/Write)
Prescaler Modulo
(Range: 1-64 Decimal
01-00 HEX)
Figure 23. Prescaler 0 Register (F5H: Write Only)
R242 T1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
T1 Initial Value
(When Written)
(Range 1-256 Decimal
01-00 HEX)
T1 Current Value
(When READ)
R246 P2M
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
P27- P20 I/O Definition
0 Defines Bit as OUTPUT
1 Defines Bit as INPUT
Figure 20. Counter Timer 1 Register (F2H: Read/Write)
Figure 24. Port 2 Mode Register (F6H: Write Only)
R243 PRE1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Count Mode
0 T1 Single Pass
1 T1 Modulo
R247 P3M
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2
Clock Source
1 T1 Internal
0 T1 External Timing Input
(TIN) Mode
Prescaler Modulo
(Range: 1-64 Decimal
01-00 HEX)
D0
0
1
Port 2 Open-Drain
Port 2 Push-Pull
Reserved (Must be 0)
Figure 25. Port 3 Mode Register (F7H: Write Only)
Figure 21. Prescaler 1 Register (F3H:Write Only)
22
D1
PRELIMINARY
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
R248 P01M
R251 IMR
D7 D6
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
1
P00-P03 Mode
00 Output
01 Input
1 Enables IRQ5-IRQ0
(D0 = IRQ0)
Reserved (Must be 0)
Reserved (Must be 0)
Reserved (Must be 0)
1=Global Interrupt Enable
0=Global Interrupt Disable
Figure 26. Port 0 and 1 Mode Register
(F8H: Write Only)
Figure 29. Interrupt Mask Register (FBH: Read/Write)
R252 Flags
R249 IPR
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2
D1 D0
User Flag F1
User Flag F2
Reserved
(Must be 0.)
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
Reserved
IRQ1>4>5>2
Reserved
IRQ4>1>5>2
IRQ5>2>1>4
IRQ5>1>4>2
IRQ5>2>4>1
IRQ5>4>1>2
IRQ2>1>4>5
IRQ1>4>2>5
IRQ2>4>1>5
IRQ4>1>2>5
IRQ2>5>1>4
Reserved
IRQ2>5>4>1
Reserved
Figure 27. Interrupt Priority Register (F9H: Write Only)
Half Carry Flag
Decimal Adjust Flag
Overflow Flag
Sign Flag
Zero Flag
Carry Flag
Figure 30. Flag Register (FCH: Read/Write)
R253 RP
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
R250 IRQ
D7 D6
D5 D4 D3 D2
Reserved (Must be 0)
D1 D0
Working Register Pointer
Reserved (Must be 0)
Figure 31. Register Pointer (FDH: Read/Write)
IRQ1 = P33 Input
IRQ2 = P31 Input
Reserved (Must be 0)
IRQ4 = T0
R255 SPL
IRQ5 = T1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Reserved (Must be 0)
Figure 28. Interrupt Request Register
(FAH: Read/Write)
Stack Pointer Lower
Byte (SP0-SP7)
Figure 32. Stack Pointer (FFH: Read/Write)
PRELIMINARY
23
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
PACKAGE INFORMATION
Figure 33. 18-Pin DIP Package Diagram
Figure 34. 18-Pin SOIC Package Diagram
24
PRELIMINARY
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
ORDERING INFORMATION
1
Z86318
18-Pin DIP
18-Pin SOIC
Z8631804PSC
Z8631804PEC
Z8631804SSC
Z8631804SEC
For fast results, contact your local Zilog sales offices for
assistance in ordering the part desired.
Codes
Preferred Package
P = DIP
Longer Lead Time
S = SOIC
Temperature
S = 0°C to +70°C
Speed
04 = 4 MHz
Environmental
C = Plastic Standard
Example:
Z 86318 04 P S C
is a Z86318, 4 MHz, DIP
, 0°C to +70°C, Plastic Standar
d Flow
Environmental Flow
Temperature
Package
Speed
Product Number
PRELIMINARY
25
Z86318
Z8® MCU 8-Bit Microcontroller
26
PRELIMINARY