A8500 Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs Features and Benefits ▪ Active current sharing between LED strings for ±1.5% typical current matching and ±1.2% typical accuracy ▪ Drive up to 12 series × 8 parallel = 96 LEDs (Vf = 3.2 V, If = 20 mA) ▪ Flexible dimming, using alternative methods: ▫ LED duty cycle control (PWM pin) ▫ DC current using serial programming (EN pin) ▫ DC current using external PWM signal (APWM pin) ▫ An external resistor ▪ Boost converter with integrated 50 V, 2 A DMOS ▪ LED sinks rated for 30 mA ▪ 200 kHz to 2 MHz switching frequency ▪ Open LED disconnect ▪ Boost current limit, thermal shutdown, and soft start ▪ No audible ceramic capacitor noise during PWM dimming ▪ Adjustable overvoltage protection (OVP) ▪ No pull-up resistors required for LED modules that use ESD capacitors Package: 26 pin QFN/MLP (suffix EC) Description The A8500 is a multi-output WLED driver for medium display backlighting. The A8500 integrates a boost converter and eight current-sinks to provide a flexible WLED/RGB backlight driver. The boost converter can provide output voltage up to 47 V. The flexible channel selection control and high voltage capability allow a wide range of LED backlight applications. The A8500 can support any application requiring 4 to 96 WLEDs. The boost converter is a constant frequency currentmode converter. Each LED channel can sink 30 mA, and channels can be paralleled for higher currents. Flexible dimming allows output channels to either run at an adjustable DC value or with externally controlled PWM duty cycles. The A8500 is available in a 26 pin, 4 mm × 4 mm QFN/MLP package that is only 0.75 mm nominal in height. Applications include: ▪ Thin notebook displays ▪ LCD TV ▪ RGB backlight ▪ GPS systems ▪ Portable DVD players Approximate Scale 1:1 Typical Application EN pin dimming: serial pulse train input VS 5 V ±10% CIN 0.1 µF/ 10 V VEN EN IOUT RFSET VIN ROVP SW SW COUT OVP AGND A8500 2.2 µF 50 V PGND FSET SEL3 ISET SEL2 VIN SEL1 RISET APWM pin dimming: analog PWM input D1 CBAT 1 µF/ 25 V APWM SKIP COMP CC IOUT L1 10 µH PWM PWM pin dimming: digital PWM input VPWM VBAT 5 to 25 V LED1 LED3 LED5 LED7 LED2 LGND LED8 LED6 LED4 VAPWM IOUT Figure 1. LCD monitor backlight, driving 96 LEDs. LED Vf = 3.2 V, 20 mA per LED string. Overvoltage protection set to 45 V nominal (40.5 V minimum). Alternative dimming control pulse trains illustrated for EN, PWM, and APWM control. See also: Recommended Components table, page 14. 8500-DS Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 Selection Guide Part Number Package Packing* A8500EECTR-T 4 mm × 4 mm QFN/MLP *Contact Allegro for additional packing options 1500 pieces / 7-in. reel Device package is lead (Pb) free, with 100% matte tin leadframe plating. Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic Symbol Rating Units SW and OVP Pins –0.3 to 50 V LED1 through LED8 Pins –0.3 to 23 V –0.3 to 6 V VIN Pin Notes VIN Remaining Pins –0.3 to VIN+ 0.3 V –40 to 85 ºC TJ(max) 150 ºC Tstg –55 to 150 ºC Operating Ambient Temperature TA Maximum Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range E Package Thermal Characteristics* Characteristic Symbol Note Rating Units RθJA Measured on 3 in. × 3 in., 2-layer PCB 48.5 °C/W Package Thermal Resistance *Additional information is available on the Allegro website Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 Functional Block Diagram VIN 5 V ±10% L1 10 µH VBAT 5 to 25 V CIN CBAT VIN D1 SW SW COUT COMP Reference and Soft Start + + – R Q S – ROVP + CC VOUT ∑ – PGND OSC SKIP FSET 100 kΩ RFSET OVP Feedback Loop AGND Current Sinks EN LED1 LED2 On/Off 100 kΩ SEL1 Serial Interface SEL2 PWM Generator SEL3 IOUT_SET LED3 LED4 LED5 LED6 PWM LED7 100 kΩ ISET RISET LED8 Amp APWM 100 kΩ LGND PGND LGND Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS, valid at TA = –40°C to 85°C, typical values at TA = 25°C, VIN = 5 V, unless otherwise noted Characteristics Input Voltage Range Undervoltage Lockout Threshold UVLO Hysteresis Window Supply Current APWM Frequency Range Symbol Test Conditions VIN VUVLO Typ. Max. Units 4.2 – 5.5 V VIN falling – – 4 V – 0.2 – V Switching at no load, TA = 25°C – 5 – mA VUVLOhys ISUP Min. – 0.1 1 µA fAPWM Shutdown EN = PWM = APWM = VIL 20 – 2000 kHz AVEA – 60 – dB UGBEA – 3 – MHz Error Amplifier Error Amplifier Open Loop Gain Error Amplifier Unity Gain Bandwidth Error Amplifier Transconductance GmEA ∆ICOMP = ±10 µA – 850 – µA/V Error Amplifier Output Sink Current IEAsink VLED1-8 = 1 V – 280 – µA IEAsource VLED1-8 = 0 V – –280 – µA Error Amplifier Output Source Current Boost Controller RFSET = 13 kΩ, SKIP = VIL Switching Frequency Minimum Switch Off-Time fSW 1.8 2 2.2 MHz RFSET = 26.1 kΩ, SKIP = VIL – 1 – MHz RFSET = 32.4 kΩ, SKIP = VIH – 200 – kHz – 70 – ns tOFFmin Logic Input Levels (APWM , EN, MODE, PWM, SELx, and SKIP pins unless otherwise specified) Input Voltage Level Low VIL – – 0.4 V Input Voltage Level High VIH 1.5 – – V Input Leakage Current (APWM, EN, PWM, and SKIP pins) IIleak – – 100 µA Input Leakage Current (SELx pins) ISELleak – – 1 µA Output Overvoltage Rising Limit VOVP 28 – 32 V OVP Sense Current IOVPH – 54.9 – µA VI(pin) = 5 V, TA = 25°C Over Voltage Protection (OVP) OVP Release Current IOVPL – 47.8 – µA OVP Leakage Current IOVPleak VVOP = 21 V – 0.1 – µA Rds(on) ISW = 1.5 A – 225 – mΩ VSW = 5 V, TA = 25°C – – 1 µA – 1 – µA 1.8 2 – A Boost Switch Switch On Resistance Switch Leakage Current ISWleak Switch Current Limit ISWlim VSW = 21 V Continued on the next page… Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued), valid at TA = –40°C to 85°C, typical values at TA = 25°C, VIN = 5 V, unless otherwise noted Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units – 500 – mV LED Current Sinks LEDx Regulation Voltage VLEDx ISET to ILEDx Current Gain AISET – 210 – – Voltage on ISET Pin VISET – 1.23 – V ISET Allowable Current Range ISET 40 – 150 µA RISET = 12 kΩ; 100% current ratio, measured as average of LED1 to LED8; LED1 to LED8 = 0.5 V – ±1.2 – % ISET = 100 µA LEDx Accuracy ErrLEDx LEDx Matching ∆LEDx ISET = 100 µA , 100% current ratio; LED1 to LED8 = 0.5 V – ±1.5 – % LEDx Switch Leakage Current ILSleak5 VLEDx= 5 V, EN = PWM = APWM = 0, TA = 25°C – – 1 μA LEDx Switch Leakage Current ILSleak21 VLEDx= 21 V, EN = PWM = APWM=0 – 1 – μA μs Serial Pulse Timing (see figure 4 for further explanation) EN Pulse Low Time tLO 0.5 – 100 EN Pulse High Time tHI 0.5 – 100 μs Initial EN or APWM Pulse High Time (relative to switching period) Level Change Delay (relative to switching period) Shutdown Delay (relative to switching period on EN or APWM) tHI(init) First EN or APWM pulse after shutdown tHID SKIP = Low – 256 – Switching Pulses SKIP = High – 64 – Switching Pulses SKIP = Low – 256 – Switching Pulses SKIP = High – 64 – Switching Pulses SKIP = Low – 256 – Switching Pulses SKIP = High – 64 – Switching Pulses tSHDN Falling edge of EN or APWM pulse ISWSS Initial soft start current for boost switch - 1 - A Soft Start LEDx Current Limit ILEDSS Current through enabled LEDx pins during soft start, RISET=12 kΩ - 1.25 - mA Thermal Shutdown Threshold TSHDN 40°C hysteresis – 165 – °C Soft Start Soft Start Boost Current Limit Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 Performance Characteristics Efficiency with EN dimming is similar to that with APWM dimming. APWM light load efficiency can be improved by reducing boost switching frequency with SKIP set high. PWM Efficiency PWM Efficiency VIN = 5 V, 6 ch. with 7 LEDs per ch., 20 mA per ch., fSW = 2 MHz 95 95 90 90 85 Eff (%) Eff (%) VIN = 5 V, 6 ch. with 7 LEDs per ch., 20 mA per ch., fSW = 1 MHz VBAT (V) 80 5 8.5 17.6 75 70 0 20 40 85 VBAT (V) 80 5 8.5 17.6 75 60 80 70 0 100 20 40 APWM Efficiency 90 90 80 80 Eff (%) VBAT (V) 5 8.5 17.6 40 30 0 VBAT (V) 70 5 8.5 17.6 60 50 40 20 40 60 80 30 0 100 20 40 Duty Cycle (%) 60 80 100 Duty Cycle (%) Efficiency versus Input Voltage with EN Dimming VIN = VBAT, 8 ch. with 8 LEDs per ch., fSW = 1 MHz 95 90 85 Eff (%) Eff (%) 100 50 100 VIN = 5 V, 6 ch. with 7 LEDs per ch., 20 mA per ch., fSW = 2 MHz 100 60 80 APWM Efficiency VIN = 5 V, 6 ch. with 7 LEDs per ch., 20 mA per ch., fSW = 1 MHz 70 60 Duty Cycle (%) Duty Cycle (%) ILED(mA) 80 1 10 20 75 70 65 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 VIN (%) Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 Performance Characteristics EN Pin Turn On EN Pin Turn Off VIN = VBAT = 5 V; 8 ch., 8 LEDs per ch. VIN = VBAT = 5 V; 8 ch., 8 LEDs per ch. EN C1 EN C1 IOUT C2 IOUT C2 VOUT C3 VOUT C3 IIN C4 IIN C4 t Symbol C1 C2 C3 C4 t Parameter EN IOUT VOUT IIN time Symbol C1 C2 C3 C4 t Units/Division 5V 100 mA 10 V 1A 500 µs PWM Turn On at 50% Duty Cycle VIN = VBAT = 5 V; 8 ch., 8 LEDs per ch. Parameter EN IOUT VOUT IIN time Units/Division 5V 100 mA 10 V 1A 100 µs PWM Turn On at 5% Duty Cycle VIN = VBAT = 5 V; 8 ch., 8 LEDs per ch. PWM C1 t PWM C1 IOUT C2 IOUT C2 VOUT C3 VOUT C3 IIN C4 IIN C4 Symbol C1 C2 C3 C4 t t Parameter PWM IOUT VOUT IIN time Units/Division 5V 100 mA 10 V 1A 5 ms APWM Turn On at 50% Duty Cycle Symbol C1 C2 C3 C4 t t Parameter PWM IOUT VOUT IIN time Units/Division 5V 100 mA 10 V 1A 10 ms FAPWM=100 kHz APWM C1 IOUT C2 VOUT C3 IIN C4 Symbol C1 C2 C3 C4 t t Parameter APWM IOUT VOUT IIN time Units/Division 5V 100 mA 10 V 1A 200 µs Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 Functional Description The A8500 is a multioutput WLED driver for medium display backlighting. The A8500 works with 4.2 to 5.5 V input supply, and it has an integrated boost converter to boost a 5 V battery voltage up to 47 V, to drive up to 12 WLEDs in 6 series (Vf = 3.2 V, If = 20 mA), or 8 WLEDs in 8 series at 20 mA per LED string. For higher LED power or more LEDs, an inductor can be connected to a separate power supply, VBAT , from 5 to 25 V, with the A8500 IC powered from a 5 V source. The LED sinks can sink up to a 30 mA current. The boost converter is a constant frequency current-mode converter. The integrated boost DMOS switch is rated for 50 V at 2 A. This switch has pulse-by-pulse current limiting, with the current limit independent of duty cycle. The switch also has output overvoltage protection (OVP), with the OVP level adjustable, typically from 30 to 47 V, as described in the Device Internal Protection section. The A8500 has individual open LED detection. If any LED opens, the corresponding LED pin is removed from regulation logic. This allows the remaining LED strings to function normally, without excessive power dissipation. The switching frequency, fSW, can be set from 600 kHz to 2 MHz by a single resistor, RFSET, connected across the FSET and AGND pins, and with the SKIP pin set to logic low (see figure 2). The switching frequency is set as: FSW = 26.03 / RFSET , where FSW is in MHz and RFSET is in kΩ When the SKIP pin is connected to logic low, switching frequency is as set by RFSET. 2.5 fSW (MHz) The IC offers a wide-bandwidth transconductance amplifier with external COMP pin. External compensation offers optimum performance for the desired application. The A8500 has eight well-matched current sinks to provide regulated current through LEDs for uniform display brightness. The quantity of LEDx pins used is determined by the SELx pins. Refer to table 1 for further description. The boost converter is controlled such that the minimum voltage on any LEDx pin is 500 mV. In a typical application, the LEDx pin connected to the LED string with the maximum voltage drop controls the boost loop, so the remaining pins will also have the higher voltage drop. All LED sinks are rated for 21 V, to allow PWM dimming control. LED Current Setting The maximum LED current can be set at up to 30 mA per channel, by using the ISET pin. To set the reference current, ISET , connect a resistor, RISET, between this pin and ground, valued according to the following formula: ISET = 1.23 / RISET , where ISET is in mA and RISET is in kΩ. Table 1. LEDx Channel Enable Table 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 When the SKIP pin is connected to logic high, the switching frequency is divided by 4. The SKIP pin can be used to reduce switching frequency in order to reduce switching losses and improve efficiency at light loads. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 SEL1 SEL2 SEL3 0 0 0 Only LED1 on LEDx Outputs 1 0 0 LED1 through LED2 on 0 1 0 LED1 through LED3 on 1 1 0 LED1 through LED4 on 0 0 1 LED1 through LED5 on 1 0 1 LED1 through LED6 on 0 1 1 LED1 through LED7 on 1 1 1 LED1 through LED8 on RFSET (kΩ) Figure 2. Switching frequency setting by value of RFSET. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 This current is multiplied internally with a gain of 210, and then mirrored on all enabled LEDx pins. This sets the maximum current through the LEDs, referred to as “100% current.” The effects of the value of RISET are shown in figure 3. The LED current can be reduced from 100% by any of three alternative methods. These modes are: • serial dimming through the EN pin, A8500 begins evaluating pulse patterns applied on the EN pin. Until a valid series is evaluated, the count remains 0 and the default ILEDx level remains at “100% current.” A count in the range 1 to 15 is evaluated proportionately; for example, when a series of 12 pulses is evaluated, ILEDx is set to 25% (100% × 4/16) of 100% current. At a 16th pulse, the counter resets to 0 and continues to count if additional pulses are applied. 35 • on/off control (PWM) with an external PWM signal on the PWM pin, and 30 Note: Only one dimming technique can be used at a time. Serial Dimming Through the EN Pin. When the EN pin is pulled 25 IOUT (mA) • analog dimming with an external PWM signal on the APWM pin. high with PWM, and the APWM pin is low, the A8500 starts up in serial programming mode. In this mode, series of pulses applied to the EN pin are used to adjust the output current level, ILEDx, to a proportion of the ISET current, in equal increments, as listed in table 2. 5 0 0 10 20 30 (A) 40 50 Pulse Count ILEDx 100% 8 100%×8/16 1 100%×15/16 9 100%×7/16 2 100%×14/16 10 100%×6/16 3 100%×13/16 11 100%×5/16 4 100%×12/16 12 100%×4/16 5 100%×11/16 13 100%×3/16 6 100%×10/16 14 100%×2/16 7 100%× 9/16 15 100%×1/16 16* 100% *The counter resets on the sixteenth pulse. 1 2 3 VIN (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 210 209 Gain ILEDx 0 70 RISET (kΩ) 211 Pulse Count 60 212 Table 2. Serial Dimming Levels tHI(init) 15 10 As shown in the timing diagram in figure 4, serial dimming is disabled during startup, for the tHI(init) period. After that, the Pulses 0 20 208 207 206 205 204 203 202 0 10 20 30 (B) 40 50 60 70 RISET (kΩ) Figure 3. Effect of value of RISET on (A) “100% current” level, and (B) LEDx gain. 4 1 2 3 EN tHID t LO 100% as set by RISET ILEDX 100% ×1/16 level Shutdown tSHDN tHID tHI 75% Dimming Counter Reset Dimming Counter Reset 81.2% Dimming Counter Reset Figure 4. Timing diagram for serial dimming. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs To indicate the end of a programming sequence, set the EN pin high for a period, tHID, which is either (a) greater than 256 oscillator periods when the SKIP pin is high, or (b) greater than 64 oscillator periods when SKIP is low. When the A8500 evaluates the end of a programming sequence, it changes the current level to match the existing count (per table 2). The counter is then reset to 0 and begins counting pulses again at the next valid pulse. If the EN pin, along with the PWM and APWM pins, is pulled low for period greater than tSHDN, the A8500 shuts down. When the IC enters shutdown, LED1 through LED8 and the boost switch turn off after the tSHDN period. During tSHDN , the converter continues to work in normal fashion. When enabled through the EN pin, internal references ramp up during the tHI(init) period. The boost converter starts with soft start to limit input inrush current. During soft start, the boost stage is peak current limited to 1 A. All enabled LEDx sinks are set to 1/16 of the set 100% current level, as VOUT and the voltage on the LEDx pins increases. When all LEDx pins reach the regulation level of 0.5 V, the IC comes out of soft start, resuming normal operation with 2 A current limit on boost and 100% current through LEDx pins. A typical step response in steady state is shown in figure 5. On/off Control (PWM) with an External PWM Signal on the PWM Pin. When the PWM pin is pulled high with the EN and APWM pins low, the A8500 turns on and all enabled LEDx pins sink 100% current. When the PWM pin is pulled low, the IC EN 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 shuts down with the LEDx pins disabled. External PWM applied to the PWM pin should be in the range of 100 to 400 Hz for optimal accuracy. VOUT C1 IOUT C2 VPWM C3 t Symbol C1 C2 C3 t Parameter VOUT IOUT VPWM time Units/Division 5.00 V 100 mA 1.00 V 1.00 ms Figure 7. PWM pin dimming fPWM = 200 Hz, Duty Cycle =10%. 180 160 fPWM (Hz) 140 100 500 120 IOUT (mA) A8500 100 80 60 40 20 IOUT 0 0 Figure 5. Serial dimming response. The numbers indicate the quantity of EN pulses at each step. 20 40 60 Duty Cycle (%) 80 100 Figure 8. PWM pin dimming linearity. PWM 6 µs 100% Current level ILEDx Shutdown (0 µA) Figure 6. Timing diagram for dimming using the PWM pin. 10 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 At startup, the output capacitor is discharged and the IC enters soft start. The boost current is limited to 1 A, and all active LEDx pins sink 1/16 of the set 100% current until all of the enabled LEDx pins reach 0.5 V. After the IC comes out of soft start, the boost current and the LEDx pin currents are set to 100% current. The output capacitor charges to the voltage level required to supply full LEDx current within a few cycles. The IC is shut down immediately when PWM goes low. cycle, is less than 3%. In this mode, the A8500 goes through a soft start routine similar to serial dimming. Analog Dimming with an External PWM Signal on the APWM Pin. When the APWM pin is pulled high, with the EN and PWM junction temperature exceeds 165°C and restarts when the junction temperature falls by 40°C. pins low, the A8500 turns on in this mode. The first pulse after shutdown should be greater than tHI(init). The logic level PWM signal applied to the APWM pin multiplies ISET by the duty cycle to set the reference current level for the LED pins. The typical range for the APWM signal frequency is 20 kHz to 2 MHz. The output current ripple at 20 kHz, 50% duty cycle, is less than 5% of the set value. The LED current accuaracy at 2 MHz, 50% duty Device Internal Protection Overcurrent Protection (OCP). The A8500 has a pulse-by-pulse current limit of 2 A on the boost switch. This current limit is independent of duty cycle. Thermal Shutdown Protection (TSD). The IC shuts down when Overvoltage Protection (OVP). The A8500 has overvoltage protection to protect the IC against output overvoltage. The overvoltage level can be set, from 30 to 45 V typical, with an external resistor, ROVP, as shown in figure 10. When the current though the OVP pin exceeds 54.9 µA, the OVP comparator goes high. When the OVP pin current falls below 47.8 µA, OVP is reset. 180 160 fAPWM (kHz) 140 100 VOUT SW SW ROVP 20 100 500 120 IOUT (mA) D1 VIN DZ OVP OVP Disable 80 + 60 A 28.8 V – COUT 22 kΩ 1.23 V 40 4.4 kΩ 20 0 0 20 40 60 Duty Cycle (%) Figure 9. APWM pin dimming linearity. 80 100 Figure 10. Overvoltage protection circuit. Three alternative configurations at (A) are available, as follows: External Component OVP Rating ROVP only up to 45 V DZ only up to 47 V both ROVP and DZ redundancy 11 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 Calculate the value for ROVP as follows: ROVP = (VOVP – 30) / 54.9 µA , where VOVP is the desired typical OVP level in V, and ROVP is in Ω. For tighter OVP limits, a low–leakage-current Zener diode, DZ, can be used, instead of ROVP, to set OVP at up to 47 V. For redundancy, DZ can be connected across ROVP to provide additional protection, if ROVP should open. Select a 17 V low-leakage Zener diode for DZ. Open LED Protection. The A8500 has protection against open LEDs. If any enabled LED string opens, voltage on the corresponding LEDx pin goes to zero. The boost loop operates in open loop till the OVP level is reached. The A8500 identifies the open LED string opens LED string when overvoltage on the OVP pin is detected. This string is then removed from the boost controlling loop. The boost circuit is then controlled in the normal manner, and the output voltage is regulated, to provide the output required to drive the remaining strings. If the open LED string is reconnected, it will sink current up to the programmed current level. Note: Open strings are removed from boost regulation, but not disabled. This keeps the string in operation if LEDs open for only a short length of time, or reach OVP level on a transient event. The disconnected string can be restored to normal mode by reenabling the IC. It can also restored to normal operation if the fault signal is removed from the corresponding LEDx pin, but an OVP event occurs on any other LEDx pin. Overvoltage detected, OVP begins IOUT Normal operation resumes with open LED string removed from control loop IOUT VOUT VOUT C1 C2 IIN IIN C3 t Symbol C1 C2 C3 t Parameter IOUT VOUT IIN time Units/Division 50 mA 10 V 500 mA 200 µs Figure 11. Open LED fault protection. 12 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 Application Information A typical application circuit for dimming an LCD monitor backlight with 96 LEDs is shown in figure 1. Figure 12 shows two dimming methods: digital PWM control (PWM signal on the PWM pin) and analog PWM control, with the analog signal, VA , applied to the ISET pin through a resistor, RA. ISET RISETP RISET Q1 The current flowing through RA can be calculated as: IA = VA/ RA . Figure 13. Configuration for 1000:1 dimming. This current changes the reference current, ISET, as follows: ISET = VSET / RSET – (VA – VSET) / RA . 100 95 Application Circuit for 1000:1 Dimming Level 90 A wider dimming range can be achieved by changing the reference current, ISET, while using PWM dimming. For higher output, current levels turn on Q1. RISET and RISETP set the 100% current level. This current level can be set to 30 mA, and then it can be dimmed by applying 100% to 0.35% duty cycle on the PWM pin. The reference current can be reduced by turning off Q1. LED current can be dimmed to 8 mA by reducing reference current through ISET pin. This provides 1000:1 combined dimming level range. Figure 14 shows the accuracy, ErrLEDX , results using this circuit. Accuracy (%) LED current can be changed by changing VA. ISET can be changed in the range from 40 µA to 150 µA. 85 80 75 0.1 1.0 10.0 Dimming Level (%) 100.0 Figure 14. Typical accuracy, normalized to the 100% current level, versus dimming level, with FPWM = 100 Hz. VS 5 V ±10% ROVP EN VIN SW SW PWM AGND APWM SKIP COMP CC FSET RFSET RA VA RISET COUT OVP PGND A8500 SEL3 VIN SEL2 ISET SEL1 LED2 LED1 LED3 LED5 LED7 LGND LED8 LED6 LED4 Figure 12. Typical application circuit for PWM dimming, using digital PWM (on the PWM pin, with APWM high). 13 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 VBAT 5 to 25 V VS 5 V ±10% CIN CBAT VIN EN ROVP SW SW PWM OVP AGND APWM PGND SKIP A8500 COMP CC COUT SEL3 FSET VIN SEL2 RFSET SEL1 ISET LED1 LED8 LED7 LED6 LED5 LGND LED4 LED3 LED2 RISET Figure 15. Typical application circuit for PWM dimming, using digital PWM (on the PWM pin, with APWM high). Showing configuration of 16 WLEDs at 100 mA, in two strings of 8 LEDs each. VS 5 V ±10% L1 10 µH D1 All ESD capacitors across LED arrays are 0.1 µF ROVP EN VIN SW SW COUT OVP 1 µF PWM APWM SKIP PGND A8500 COMP CC 0.1 µF SEL3 FSET RFSET RISET VIN SEL2 SEL1 AGND ISET LED1 LED8 LED7 LED6 LED5 LGND LED4 LED3 LED2 Figure 16. Typical application circuit for LED modules with ESD capacitors. Recommended Components Table (for application shown in figure 1) Component Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Diode IC Inductor Resistor Resistor Resistor Reference Designator CBAT COUT CIN, CC D1 A8500 L1 RISET RFSET ROVP Value 1 µF / 50 V 1 µF / 50 V 0.1 µF / 6.3 V 60 V / 1.5 A – 10 µH 12 kΩ 24 kΩ 270 kΩ Part Number C3216X7R1H105K C3216X7R1H105K TDK TDK Vendor IR 10MQ060NTRPBF A8500 SLF6028T-100M1R3-PF International Rectifier Allegro MicroSystems TDK 14 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 22 OVP 23 SW 24 SW 25 VIN 26 AGND Pin-out Diagram PGND 1 21 PGND SKIP 2 20 PWM COMP 3 FSET 4 ISET 5 17 SEL2 APWM 6 16 SEL1 LED1 7 15 LED2 19 EN LED4 14 LED6 13 18 SEL3 LED8 12 LGND 11 9 LED5 LED7 10 8 LED3 EP (Top View) Terminal List Table Number Name 1 PGND 2 SKIP 3 4 5 COMP FSET ISET 6 APWM 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 LED1 LED3 LED5 LED7 LGND LED8 LED6 LED4 LED2 SEL1 SEL2 SEL3 19 EN 20 PWM 21 PGND 22 OVP 23 24 25 26 – SW SW VIN AGND EP Description Power ground pin. Reduces boost switching frequency in case of light load to improve frequency. Normally, this pin should be low; when high, fSW is divided by 4. Compensation pin; connect external compensation network for boost converter. Sets boost switching frequency. Connect RFSET from FSET to GND to set frequency. Range for RFSET is 13 to 40 kΩ. Sets 100% current through LED string. Connect RISET from ISET to GND. Range for RISET is 8.2 to 30 kΩ. On/off and analog LED current control with external PWM. Apply logic level PWM (1.2 V < VIH < 5 V) for PWM controlled dimming mode. When unused, connect to AGND. LEDx capable of 30 mA. Power ground pin for LED current sink. LEDx capable of 30 mA. SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3 decide active LED strings. On/off and serial dimming control. EN high enables IC and EN low disables IC. This pin can also be used to program LEDx current. When unused, connect to AGND. On/off and on/off LED current control with external PWM. Apply logic level PWM for PWM controlled dimming mode. When unused, connect to AGND. Power ground pin. Connect to this pin to output capacitor +Ve node through a resistor to enable OVP (overvoltage protection). Default OVP level with 0 Ω resistor is 30 V, and it can be programmed up to 47 V. DMOS drain node. Input supply for the IC. Decouple with a 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor. Circuit ground pin. Exposed pad. Electrically connectred to PGND and LGND; connect to PCB copper plane for heat transfer. 15 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com Flexible WLED/RGB Backlight Driver for Medium Size LCDs A8500 Package EC, 4 × 4 mm 26-Pin QFN/MLP 4.10 .161 3.90 .154 A B 26 1 2 0.95 .037 NOM A 4X0.20 .008 MIN 4.10 .161 3.90 .154 0.20 .008 NOM 0.40 .016 NOM 26 1 2 C 1.10 .043 NOM 1.23 .048 NOM 4.0 .157 NOM 12X0.20 .008 MIN (Top View) 2.45 .096 NOM 4.0 .157 NOM 26X SEATING PLANE 0.08 [.003] C 0.25 .014 26X 0.15 .010 C (Pads on PCB) 0.80 .031 0.70 .028 0.07 [.003] M C A B 0.05 [.002] M C 0.20 .008 REF 0.40 .016 0.05 .002 0.00 .000 0.50 .020 0.30 .012 1.23 .048 NOM B 0.20R .008 REF 4X 0.20 .008 MIN 1.10 .043 NOM 2 1 26 2.45 .096 NOM All dimensions reference only, not for tooling use (reference JEDEC MO-220WGGE) Dimensions in millimeters U.S. Customary dimensions (in.) in brackets, for reference only Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown A Terminal #1 mark area B Exposed thermal pad (reference only, terminal #1 identifier appearance at supplier discretion) C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351 QFN40P400X400X80-29M); adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land can improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5) (Bottom View) Copyright ©2006, 2007, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. The products described here are manufactured under one or more U.S. patents or U.S. patents pending. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. For the latest version of this document, visit our website: www.allegromicro.com 16 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com