19-0859; Rev 0; 8/07 KIT ATION EVALU E L B AVAILA 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Features The MAX9930–MAX9933 low-cost, low-power logarithmic amplifiers are designed to control RF power amplifiers (PA) and transimpedance amplifiers (TIA), and to detect RF power levels. These devices are designed to operate in the 2MHz to 1.6GHz frequency range. A typical dynamic range of 45dB makes this family of logarithmic amplifiers useful in a variety of wireless and GPON fiber video applications such as transmitter power measurement, and RSSI for terminal devices. Logarithmic amplifiers provide much wider measurement range and superior accuracy to controllers based on diode detectors. Excellent temperature stability is achieved over the full operating range of -40°C to +85°C. The choice of three different input voltage ranges eliminates the need for external attenuators, thus simplifying PA control-loop design. The logarithmic amplifier is a voltage-measuring device with a typical signal range of -58dBV to -13dBV for the MAX9930/MAX9933, -48dBV to -3dBV for the MAX9931, and -43dBV to +2dBV for the MAX9932. o Complete RF-Detecting PA Controllers (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) The MAX9930–MAX9933 require an external coupling capacitor in series with the RF input port. These devices feature a power-on delay when coming out of shutdown, holding OUT low for approximately 2.5µs to ensure glitch-free controller output. o Available in a Small 8-Pin µMAX Package The MAX9930–MAX9933 family is available in an 8-pin µMAX® package. These devices consume 7mA with a 5V supply, and when powered down, the typical shutdown current is 13µA. Applications RSSI for Fiber Modules, GPON-CATV Triplexors Low-Frequency RF OOK and ASK Applications o Complete RF Detector (MAX9933) o Variety of Input Ranges MAX9930/MAX9933: -58dBV to -13dBV (-45dBm to 0dBm for 50Ω Termination) MAX9931: -48dBV to -3dBV (-35dBm to +10dBm for 50Ω Termination) MAX9932: -43dBV to +2dBV (-30dBm to +15dBm for 50Ω Termination) o 2MHz to 1.6GHz Frequency Range o Temperature Stable Linear-in-dB Response o Fast Response: 70ns 10dB Step o 10mA Output Sourcing Capability o Low Power: 17mW at 3V (typ) o 13µA (typ) Shutdown Current Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE PINPACKAGE MAX9930EUA+T -40oC to +85oC 8 µMAX-8 U8-1 MAX9931EUA+T -40oC to +85oC 8 µMAX-8 U8-1 MAX9932EUA+T -40oC to +85oC 8 µMAX-8 U8-1 8 µMAX-8 U8-1 MAX9933EUA+T o o -40 C to +85 C PKG CODE +Denotes a lead-free package. T = Tape and reel. Transmitter Power Measurement and Control Pin Configurations TSI for Wireless Terminal Devices Cellular Handsets (TDMA, CDMA, GPRS, GSM) TOP VIEW RFIN 1 SHDN 2 SET 3 Block Diagram located at end of data sheet. CLPF 4 + MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 µMAX + 8 VCC RFIN 1 7 OUT SHDN 2 6 N.C. GND 3 6 N.C. 5 GND CLPF 4 5 GND 8 VCC MAX9933 7 OUT µMAX µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX9930–MAX9933 General Description MAX9930–MAX9933 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages referenced to GND.) VCC .......................................................................... -0.3V to +6V OUT, SET, SHDN, CLPF ............................ -0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) RFIN MAX9930/MAX9933 .....................................................+6dBm MAX9931 ....................................................................+16dBm MAX9932 ....................................................................+19dBm Equivalent Voltage MAX9930/MAX9933................................................. 0.45VRMS MAX9931 ....................................................................1.4VRMS MAX9932 ....................................................................2.0VRMS OUT Short Circuit to GND ........................................ Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C) .............362mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................ +300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 3V, SHDN = 1.8V, TA = -40oC to +85oC, CCLPF = 100nF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP UNITS Supply Voltage VCC Supply Current ICC VCC = 5.25V 7 Shutdown Supply Current ICC SHDN = 0.8V, VCC = 5V 13 µA Shutdown Output Voltage VOUT 1 mV Logic-High Threshold Voltage VH Logic-Low Threshold Voltage VL SHDN Input Current ISHDN 2.70 MAX SHDN = 0.8V 5.25 V 12 mA 1.8 V 0.8 SHDN = 3V SHDN = 0V 5 -1 30 -0.01 V µA MAIN OUTPUT (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) Voltage Range VOUT Output-Referred Noise Small-Signal Bandwidth BW Slew Rate High, ISOURCE = 10mA 2.65 Low, ISINK = 350µA 2.75 V 0.15 From CLPF 8 nV/√Hz From CLPF 20 MHz VOUT = 0.2V to 2.6V from CLPF 8 V/µs SET INPUT (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) Voltage Range (Note 2) Input Resistance VSET Corresponding to central 40dB span RIN Slew Rate (Note 3) 0.35 1.45 V 30 MΩ 16 V/µs DETECTOR OUTPUT (MAX9933) Voltage Range Small-Signal Bandwidth Slew Rate 2 VOUT BW RFIN = 0dBm 1.45 RFIN = -45dBm 0.36 CCLPF = 150pF 4.5 MHz 5 V/µs VOUT = 0.36V to 1.45V, CCLPF = 150pF _______________________________________________________________________________________ V 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector (VCC = 3V, SHDN = 1.8V, fRF = 2MHz to 1.6GHz, TA = -40°C to +85°C, CCLPF = 100nF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER RF Input Frequency Range RF Input Voltage Range (Note 4) Equivalent Power Range (50Ω Termination) (Note 4) Logarithmic Slope SYMBOL CONDITIONS fRF VRF PRF VS MIN UNITS MHz 2 1600 -58 -13 MAX9931 -48 -3 MAX9932 -43 +2 MAX9930/MAX9933 -45 0 MAX9931 -35 +10 MAX9932 -30 fRF = 2MHz, TA = +25°C 25 27 29 fRF = 2MHz 24 27 30 fRF = 900MHz, TA = +25°C 23.5 25.5 27.5 fRF = 900MHz 22.5 25.5 28.5 fRF = 2MHz, TA = +25°C fRF = 2MHz PX MAX MAX9930/MAX9933 fRF = 1600MHz Logarithmic Intercept TYP fRF = 900MHz, TA = +25°C fRF = 900MHz dBm +15 mV/dB 27 MAX9930/MAX9933 -61 -56 -52 MAX9931 -51 -46 -42 MAX9932 -46 -41 -37 MAX9930/MAX9933 -63 -56 -50 MAX9931 -53 -46 -40 MAX9932 -48 -41 -35 MAX9930/MAX9933 -62 -59 -53 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 -53 -49 -64 -50 -45 -59 -44 -40 -51 MAX9931 -55 -50 -42 MAX9932 -51 -45 -38 MAX9930/MAX9933 fRF = 1600MHz dBV dBm -62 MAX9931 -52 MAX9932 -47 RF INPUT INTERFACE DC Resistance RDC Connected to VCC Inband Capacitance CIB Internally DC-coupled (Note 5) 2 kΩ 0.5 pF Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C and are guaranteed by design for TA = -40°C to +85°C as specified. Note 2: Typical value only, set-point input voltage range determined by logarithmic slope and logarithmic intercept. Note 3: Set-point slew rate is the rate at which the reference level voltage, applied to the inverting input of the gm stage, responds to a voltage step at the SET pin (see Figure 1). Note 4: Typical min/max range for detector. Note 5: Pin capacitance to ground. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX9930–MAX9933 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9930 MAX9930 MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER SET vs. INPUT POWER vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz ERROR (dB) 900MHz 50MHz 1 0 1.6GHz -1 0.8 1.6 3 1.4 2 1.2 1 1.0 0 0.8 -1 50MHz TA = -40°C -2 0.6 TA = +25°C -2 0.4 -3 0.4 TA = +85°C -3 0.2 -4 0.6 2MHz -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0.2 -60 10 -50 -40 -10 10 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz 1.8 1.6 3 1.4 1.2 1.0 0 0.6 TA = +25°C 0.4 MAX9930 toc05 2 1.4 2 1.4 2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.0 0 1.0 0 0.8 -2 0.6 -3 0.4 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 TA = +25°C TA = +85°C -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.8 -1 TA = -40°C 0.2 10 SET (V) 3 ERROR (dB) 1.6 SET (V) 3 ERROR (dB) 1.6 -4 -50 MAX9930 toc06 1.8 TA = +85°C 0.2 -10 0 -2 0.6 -3 0.4 TA = +85°C -4 0.2 -1 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9930 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY MAX9930 LOG SLOPE vs. VCC MAX9930 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY 26 TA = +25°C 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) TA = -40°C 25 24 23 2MHz 27 1.6GHz 26 25 50MHz 24 TA = +85°C 600 900 1200 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1500 1800 10 -62 TA = +85°C -64 -66 TA = -40°C 22 300 TA = +25°C 900MHz 23 21 -60 MAX9930 toc08 MAX9930 toc07 29 -68 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 -2 -3 -4 -60 10 4 TA = -40°C TA = +25°C INPUT POWER (dBm) 27 10 4 -1 TA = -40°C 0 -4 -60 MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz 4 22 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) 0.8 4 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9930 toc04 -60 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) 1.8 SET (V) 0 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -60 MAX9930 toc09 SET (V) 1.0 900MHz ERROR (dB) 1.6GHz 1.2 2 4 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1200 1600 ERROR (dB) 1.4 3 SET (V) 1.6 2MHz MAX9930 toc03 1.8 MAX9930 toc02 4 MAX9930 toc01 1.8 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) MAX9930–MAX9933 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9931 MAX9930 MAX9930 SET vs. INPUT POWER LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE MAX9930 toc12 1.4 -0.2 900MHz -65 SET (V) 50MHz -63 -0.3 1.6GHz -71 3.5 4.0 50MHz 0.4 0.2 -0.6 3.0 2MHz 900MHz 0.6 -0.5 2.5 1.0 0.8 -0.4 -67 1.6GHz 1.2 4.5 5.0 5.5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 -50 100 -40 -30 -20 -10 10 TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9931 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz 1 SET (V) 50MHz 0 1.6GHz 3 1.4 2 1.4 2 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.0 0 1.0 0 0.8 -1 0.8 -2 0.6 -3 0.4 TA = +25°C -2 0.6 -3 0.4 -4 0.2 TA = +85°C -4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -3 TA = +85°C -4 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz MAX9931 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY MAX9930 toc17 4 1.8 1.6 3 1.6 3 1.4 2 1 1.2 1 1.0 0 1.0 0 TA = -40°C 0.6 TA = +25°C 0.4 TA = +85°C -30 -20 -10 -1 0.8 -2 0.6 -3 0.4 -4 0.2 -1 TA = -40°C 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) 10 20 TA = +85°C 28 27 -3 TA = +85°C -4 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) 10 20 20 TA = +25°C 26 25 -2 TA = +25°C 0.2 -40 SET (V) 1.4 ERROR (dB) 2 1.2 0.8 29 4 ERROR (dB) MAX9930 toc16 1.8 -50 -2 TA = +25°C -50 20 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) -50 -1 TA = -40°C TA = -40°C MAX9930 toc18 -1 3 4 1.6 1.6 900MHz MAX9930 toc15 1.8 SET (V) 2 20 4 ERROR (dB) 2MHz 3 MAX9930 toc14 1.8 MAX9930 toc13 4 SET (V) 0 VCC (V) TA = -40°C 24 23 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 FREQUENCY (MHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 ERROR (dB) 1.6 -61 -69 ERROR (dB) INPUT POWER = -22dBm fRF = 50MHz -0.1 1.8 MAX9930 toc11 2MHz ERROR (dB) LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -59 0 MAX9930 toc10 -57 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9931 MAX9931 MAX9931 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY LOG SLOPE vs. VCC 1.6GHz 26 25 24 TA = -40°C TA = +85°C -50 TA = +25°C -52 50MHz 23 -48 22 3.5 4.0 MAX9930 toc21 50MHz -56 1.6GHz -58 4.5 5.0 5.5 0 400 800 2.5 1600 1200 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 VCC (V) FREQUENCY (MHz) VCC (V) MAX9931 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE MAX9932 SET vs. INPUT POWER MAX9932 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER 1.6 1.4 0 4 1.0 50MHz 900MHz 0.8 -0.2 -25 0 25 50 75 100 1 2MHz 0 1.6GHz -3 -4 0.2 -50 900MHz -2 0.4 -0.4 2 -1 2MHz 0.6 -0.3 ERROR (dB) SET (V) 1.2 -0.1 50MHz 3 1.6GHz MAX9930 toc24 0.1 1.8 MAX9930 toc23 INPUT POWER = -12dBm fRF = 50MHz MAX9930 toc22 0.2 ERROR (dB) 900MHz -54 -62 -54 3.0 -52 -60 900MHz 2.5 2MHz -50 LOG INTERCEPT (mV/dB) LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) 2MHz 27 -48 MAX9930 toc20 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) -46 MAX9930 toc19 29 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -40 20 -30 -20 -10 0 10 TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz MAX9930 toc25 1.8 4 MAX9930 toc26 1.8 4 1.8 20 MAX9930 toc27 4 TA = -40°C 0.8 TA = +25°C 0.6 TA = +85°C 0.4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) 10 20 3 1.6 3 1.4 TA = +25°C 2 1.4 2 1.2 TA = -40°C 1 1.2 1 1.0 0 SET (V) 0 1.0 SET (V) 1 1.2 ERROR (dB) 2 1.4 6 1.6 ERROR (dB) 3 1.6 0.8 -1 0.8 -2 0.6 -2 0.6 -3 0.4 -3 0.4 -4 0.2 -4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) 10 20 0 1.0 -1 TA = +85°C -1 TA = +25°C -2 -3 TA = -40°C -4 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 10 20 ERROR (dB) TA = +85°C SET (V) MAX9930–MAX9933 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector 1 1.0 0 0.8 -1 TA = +85°C 27 TA = +25°C 26 25 -2 0.6 0.4 TA = -40°C -30 -20 -10 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 2.5 1800 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.5 5.0 VCC (V) MAX9932 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY MAX9932 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC MAX9932 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE -43 50MHz -44 TA = +25°C -45 -0.1 -47 2MHz 900MHz -49 -0.3 1.6GHz -0.4 -0.5 -55 400 800 1600 1200 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 -25 0 25 50 75 FREQUENCY (MHz) VCC (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) MAX9933 OUT vs. INPUT POWER MAX9933 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER MAX9933 OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz 1.6 1.6GHz 1.4 ERROR (dB) 1.2 1.0 900MHz 0.4 0.2 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) 0 10 1.6 3 900MHz 1.4 2 1 50MHz 1.2 1 1.0 0 0 0.8 1.6GHz -2 0.6 -3 0.4 -1 TA = +85°C -2 TA = +25°C -3 TA = -40°C 0.2 -4 -40 4 2 -1 50MHz 2MHz 0.6 2MHz 3 100 MAX9930 toc36 1.8 MAX9930 toc35 4 MAX9930 toc34 1.8 -50 -50 5.5 OUT (V) 0 -0.2 -51 -53 -48 INPUT POWER = -10dBm fRF = 50MHz 0 ERROR (dB) LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) TA = +85°C 0.1 MAX9930 toc32 -41 MAX9930 toc31 TA = -40°C -42 -60 3.0 FREQUENCY (MHz) -46 OUT (V) 900MHz INPUT POWER (dBm) -40 0.8 50MHz 25 22 0 20 10 1.6GHz 26 23 23 -4 -40 2MHz 27 24 24 -3 0.2 28 TA = -40°C TA = +25°C LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) TA = +85°C -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) 0 10 -4 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 ERROR (dB) 1.2 28 MAX9930 toc30 2 MAX9930 toc33 1.4 29 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 3 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 1.6 ERROR (dB) SET (V) 29 4 MAX9930 toc29 MAX9930 toc28 1.8 MAX9930–MAX9933 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9932 MAX9932 MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE LOG SLOPE vs. VCC LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9933 MAX9933 MAX9933 OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz 3 1.4 2 1.4 2 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 TA = +85°C TA = +25°C 0.4 TA = -40°C -1 0.8 -2 0.6 -3 0.4 -40 -30 -20 0.8 -2 0.6 -3 0.4 -10 0 10 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -4 -60 10 0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9933 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY MAX9933 LOG SLOPE vs. VCC MAX9933 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY 26 25 27 50MHz 26 25 900MHz 2MHz 24 TA = -40°C 24 -54 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) 28 22 300 600 900 1200 1500 TA = -40°C -58 TA = +85°C TA = +25°C -60 -64 2.5 1800 -56 -62 23 23 XMAX9930 toc42 1.6GHz LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) TA = +25°C -52 MAX9930 toc41 MAX9930 toc40 TA = +85°C 27 29 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 0 400 800 1200 FREQUENCY (MHz) VCC (V) FREQUENCY (MHz) MAX9933 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC MAX9933 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SHDN VOLTAGE -56 ERROR (dB) 0.2 -58 50MHz -60 0 900MHz -62 0.1 1.6GHz 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 5 4 3 2 0 -0.2 -66 3.0 6 1 -0.1 -64 VCC = 5.25V 7 1600 MAX9930 toc45 0.3 8 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 2MHz INPUT POWER = -22dBm fRF = 50MHz MAX9930 toc44 -54 0.4 MAX9930 toc43 -52 10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm) 28 2.5 -3 INPUT POWER (dBm) 29 0 -2 TA = +25°C 0.2 -4 -60 -1 TA = -40°C TA = +85°C 0.2 -4 -50 TA = +25°C -1 TA = -40°C 0.2 -60 TA = +85°C 4 4.5 5.0 5.5 -1 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 TEMPERATURE (°C) _______________________________________________________________________________________ SHDN (V) ERROR (dB) 2 ERROR (dB) OUT (V) OUT (V) 1.6 1.4 0.6 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 3 3 0.8 8 1.6 1.6 1 MAX9930 toc39 1.8 1.8 1.2 MAX9930 toc38 4 4 ERROR (dB) OUT (V) MAX9930 toc37 1.8 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) MAX9930–MAX9933 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAIN OUTPUT NOISE-SPECTRAL DENSITY SHDN RESPONSE TIME MAX9930 toc46 MAX9930 toc47 CCLPF = 150pF 10,000 MAX9933 CLPF = 220pF SHDN 500mV/div 0V OUT 1V/div NOISE-SPECTRAL DENSITY (nV/√Hz) CLPF = 150pF SHDN 1V/div 0V OUT 500mV/div 0V MAX9930 toc48 SHDN POWER-ON DELAY RESPONSE TIME 1000 0V 100 2µs/div 100 2µs/div 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) MAXIMUM OUT VOLTAGE vs. VCC BY LOAD CURRENT 5.0 OUT (V) 4.5 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE CCLPF = 150pF CCLPF = 10,000pF OUT 500mV/div 0mA MAX9930 toc51 MAX9930 toc50 MAX9930 toc49 5.5 ≤ 900mV OUT 75mV/div ≤ 0V 4.0 3.5 5mA 3.0 fRF = 50MHz fRF = 50MHz 10mA RFIN 25mV/div RFIN 250mV/div -42dBm 2.5 -2dBm 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 -24dBm -18dBm 2.0 2.5 1µs/div 10µs/div VCC (V) Pin Description PIN MAX9930/ MAX9931/ MAX9932 MAX9933 1 1 RFIN RF Input 2 2 SHDN Shutdown. Connect to VCC for normal operation. 3 — SET 4 4 CLPF Lowpass Filter Connection. Connect external capacitor between CLPF and GND to set control-loop bandwidth. 5 3, 5 GND Ground 6 6 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. 7 7 OUT PA Gain-Control Output 8 8 VCC Supply Voltage. Bypass to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor. NAME MAX9930–MAX9933 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) FUNCTION Set-Point Input _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX9930–MAX9933 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Detailed Description The MAX9930–MAX9933 family of logarithmic amplifiers (log amps) comprises four main amplifier/limiter stages each with a small-signal gain of 10dB. The out- put stage of each amplifier is applied to a full-wave rectifier (detector). A detector stage also precedes the first gain stage. In total, five detectors, each separated by 10dB, comprise the log amp strip. Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the log amps. SHDN OUTPUTENABLED DELAY VCC gm DET DET DET DET X1 OUT DET CLPF RFIN 10dB 10dB 10dB OFFSET COMP 10dB REFERENCE CURRENT SET X1 OUT MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 GND SHDN V-I* OUTPUTENABLED DELAY VCC gm DET DET DET DET DET CLPF RFIN 10dB 10dB OFFSET COMP 10dB 10dB REFERENCE CURRENT V-I* MAX9933 GND *INVERTING VOLTAGE TO CURRENT CONVERTER Figure 1. Functional Diagram 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector PA XX TRANSMITTER DAC 50Ω VCC CC RFIN BASEBAND IC VCC 0.01µF MAX9933 50Ω SHDN GND CLPF OUT N.C. GND CCLPF ADC Variance in temperature and supply voltage does not alter the slope significantly as shown in the Typical Operating Characteristics. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 are specifically designed for use in PA control applications. In a control loop, the output starts at approximately 2.9V (with supply voltage of 3V) for the minimum input signal and falls to a value close to ground at the maximum input. With a portion of the PA output power coupled to RFIN, apply a voltage to SET (for the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) and connect OUT to the gain-control pin of the PA to control its output power. An external capacitor from CLPF to ground sets the bandwidth of the PA control loop. Transfer Function Logarithmic slope and intercept determine the transfer function of the MAX9930–MAX9933 family of log amps. The change in SET voltage (OUT voltage for the MAX9933) per dB change in RF input defines the logarithmic slope. Therefore, a 10dB change in RF input results in a 250mV change at SET (OUT for the MAX9933). The Log Conformance vs. Input Power plots (see Typical Operating Characteristics) show the dynamic range of the log amp family. Dynamic range is the range for which the error remains within a band of ±1dB. The intercept is defined as the point where the linear response, when extrapolated, intersects the y-axis of the Log Conformance vs. Input Power plot. Using these parameters, the input power can be calculated at any SET voltage level (OUT voltage level for the MAX9933) within the specified input range with the following equations: RFIN = (SET / SLOPE) + IP (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) RFIN = (OUT / SLOPE) + IP (MAX9933) where SET is the set-point voltage, OUT is the output voltage for the MAX9933, SLOPE is the logarithmic slope (V/dB), RFIN is in either dBm or dBV and IP is the logarithmic intercept point utilizing the same units as RFIN. Figure 2. MAX9933 Typical Application Circuit ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX9930–MAX9933 A portion of the PA output power is coupled to RFIN of the logarithmic amplifier controller/detector, and is applied to the logarithmic amplifier strip. Each detector cell outputs a rectified current and all cell currents are summed and form a logarithmic output. The detected output is applied to a high-gain gm stage, which is buffered and then applied to OUT. For the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932, OUT is applied to the gain-control input of the PA to close the control loop. The voltage applied to SET determines the output power of the PA in the control loop. The voltage applied to SET relates to an input power level determined by the log amp detector characteristics. For the MAX9933, OUT is applied to an ADC typically found in a baseband IC which, in turn, controls the PA biasing with the output (Figure 2). Extrapolating a straight-line fit of the graph of SET vs. RFIN provides the logarithmic intercept. Logarithmic slope, the amount SET changes for each dB change of RF input, is generally independent of waveform or termination impedance. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 slope at low frequencies is about 25mV/dB. MAX9930–MAX9933 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Applications Information Controller Mode (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) Figure 3 provides a circuit example of the MAX9930/ MAX9931/MAX9932 configured as a controller. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 require a 2.7V to 5.25V supply voltage. Place a 0.1µF low-ESR, surface-mount ceramic capacitor close to VCC to decouple the supply. Electrically isolate the RF input from other pins (especially SET) to maximize performance at high frequencies (especially at the high-power levels of the MAX9932). The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 require external AC-coupling. Achieve 50Ω input matching by connecting a 50Ω resistor between the AC-coupling capacitor of RFIN and ground. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 logarithmic amplifiers function as both the detector and controller in power-control loops. Use a directional coupler to couple a portion of the PA’s output power to the log amp’s RF input. For applications requiring dual-mode operation and where there are two PAs and two directional couplers, passively combine the outputs of the directional couplers before applying to the log amp. Apply a setpoint voltage to SET from a controlling source (usually a DAC). OUT, which drives the automatic gain-control input of the PA, corrects any inequality between the RF input level and the corresponding set-point level. This is valid assuming the gain control of the variable gain element is positive, such that increasing OUT voltage ANTENNA 50Ω VCC Power Convention RF INPUT VCC Table 1. Power Ranges of the MAX9930– MAX9933 CC RFIN SHDN and Power-On The MAX9930–MAX9933 can be placed in shutdown by pulling SHDN to ground. Shutdown reduces supply current to typically 13µA. A graph of SHDN Response Time is included in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Connect SHDN and VCC together for continuous on operation. Expressing power in dBm, decibels above 1mW, is the most common convention in RF systems. Log amp input levels specified in terms of power are a result of the following common convention. Note that input power does not refer to power, but rather to input voltage relative to a 50Ω impedance. Use of dBV, decibels with respect to a 1V RMS sine wave, yields a less ambiguous result. The dBV convention has its own pitfalls in that log amp response is also dependent on waveform. A complex input, such as CDMA, does not have the exact same output response as the sinusoidal signal. The MAX9930–MAX9933 performance specifications are in both dBV and dBm, with equivalent dBm levels for a 50Ω environment. To convert dBV values into dBm in a 50Ω network, add 13dB. For CATV applications, to convert dBV values to dBm in a 75Ω network, add 11.25dB. Table 1 shows the different input power ranges in different conventions for the MAX9930–MAX9933. POWER AMPLIFIER XX increases gain. The OUT voltage can range from 150mV to within 250mV of the positive supply rail while sourcing 10mA. Use a suitable load resistor between OUT and GND for PA control inputs that source current. The Typical Operating Characteristics has the Maximum Out Voltage vs. VCC By Load Current graph that shows the sourcing capabilities and output swing of OUT. 0.1µF DAC MAX9930 SHDN MAX9931 MAX9932 SET CLPF INPUT POWER RANGE PART OUT dBV dBm IN A 50Ω NETWORK dBm IN A 75Ω NETWORK -58 to -13 -45 to 0 -46.75 to -1.75 N.C. MAX9930 GND MAX9931 -48 to -3 -35 to +10 -36.75 to +8.25 MAX9932 -43 to +2 -30 to +15 -31.75 to +13.25 MAX9933 -58 to -13 -45 to 0 -46.75 to -1.75 CCLPF Figure 3. Control Mode Application Circuit Block 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector attenuation. A broadband resistive match is implemented by connecting a resistor to ground at the external AC-coupling capacitor at RFIN as shown in Figure 5. A 50Ω resistor (use other values for different input impedances) in this configuration, in parallel with the input impedance of the MAX9930–MAX9933, presents an input impedance of approximately 50Ω. These devices require an additional external coupling capacitor in series with the RF input. As the operating frequency increases over 2GHz, input impedance is reduced, resulting in the need for a larger-valued shunt resistor. Use a Smith Chart for calculating the ideal shunt resistor value. Refer to the MAX4000/MAX4001/MAX4002 data sheet for narrowband reactive and series attenuation input coupling. MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9933 50Ω SOURCE CC 50Ω RFIN RS 50Ω CIN RIN VCC Additional Input Coupling There are three common methods for input coupling: broadband resistive, narrowband reactive, and series Figure 5. Broadband Resistive Matching SMALL-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH vs. CCLPF GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY GAIN 60 135 CCLPF = 2000pF 40 CCLPF = 200pF 0 45 0 -20 -45 -40 -90 CCLPF = 2000pF -60 PHASE -100 100 1k 1 0.1 -135 -80 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) CCLPF = 200pF PHASE (DEGREES) 90 20 GAIN (dB) 10 180 MAX9930 fig04 MAX9930 fig04 80 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M -180 -225 10M 100M 0.01 100 1000 10,000 100,000 CCLPF (pF) Figure 4. Gain and Phase vs. Frequency ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX9930–MAX9933 Filter Capacitor and Transient Response In general, for the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932, the choice of filter capacitor only partially determines the time-domain response of a PA control loop. However, some simple conventions can be applied to affect transient response. A large filter capacitor, CCLPF, dominates time-domain response, but the loop bandwidth remains a factor of the PA gain-control range. The bandwidth is maximized at power outputs near the center of the PA’s range, and minimized at the low and high power levels, where the slope of the gain-control curve is lowest. A smaller valued CCLPF results in an increased loop bandwidth inversely proportional to the capacitor value. Inherent phase lag in the PA’s control path, usually caused by parasitics at OUT, ultimately results in the addition of complex poles in the AC loop equation. To avoid this secondary effect, experimentally determine the lowest usable CCLPF for the power amplifier of interest. This requires full consideration to the intricacies of the PA control function. The worst-case condition, where the PA output is smallest (gain function is steepest) should be used because the PA control function is typically nonlinear. An additional zero can be added to improve loop dynamics by placing a resistor in series with C CLPF . See Figure 4 for the gain and phase response for different CCLPF values. MAX9930–MAX9933 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Block Diagram Waveform Considerations The MAX9930–MAX9933 family of logarithmic amplifiers respond to voltage, not power, even though input levels are specified in dBm. It is important to realize that input signals with identical RMS power but unique waveforms result in different log amp outputs. Differing signal waveforms result in either an upward or downward shift in the logarithmic intercept. However, the logarithmic slope remains the same; it is possible to compensate for known waveform shapes by baseband process. It must also be noted that the output waveform is generated by first rectifying and then averaging the input signal. This method should not be confused with RMS or peakdetection methods. OUTPUTENABLE DELAY SHDN VCC RFIN LOG DETECTOR gm BLOCK SET x1 V-I* OUT BUFFER MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 CCLPF Layout Considerations As with any RF circuit, the layout of the MAX9930– MAX9933 circuits affects performance. Use a short 50Ω line at the input with multiple ground vias along the length of the line. The input capacitor and resistor should both be placed as close as possible to the IC. VCC should be bypassed as close as possible to the IC with multiple vias connecting the capacitor to the ground plane. It is recommended that good RF components be chosen for the desired operating frequency range. Electrically isolate RF input from other pins (especially SET) to maximize performance at high frequencies (especially at the high power levels of the MAX9932). GND OUTPUTENABLE DELAY SHDN VCC RFIN LOG DETECTOR gm BLOCK x1 BUFFER MAX9933 V-I* GND Chip Information *INVERTING VOLTAGE TO CURRENT CONVERTER. PROCESS: High-Frequency Bipolar 14 OUT ______________________________________________________________________________________ CCLPF 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector 8 INCHES DIM A A1 A2 b E Ø0.50±0.1 H c D e E H 0.6±0.1 L 1 1 α 0.6±0.1 S BOTTOM VIEW D MIN 0.002 0.030 MAX 0.043 0.006 0.037 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.005 0.120 0.116 0.0256 BSC 0.120 0.116 0.198 0.188 0.026 0.016 6° 0° 0.0207 BSC 8LUMAXD.EPS 4X S 8 MILLIMETERS MAX MIN 0.05 0.75 1.10 0.15 0.95 0.25 0.36 0.13 0.18 2.95 3.05 0.65 BSC 2.95 3.05 4.78 5.03 0.41 0.66 0° 6° 0.5250 BSC TOP VIEW A1 A2 A α c e b FRONT VIEW L SIDE VIEW PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE: PACKAGE OUTLINE, 8L uMAX/uSOP APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. 21-0036 REV. J 1 1 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 15 © 2007 Maxim Integrated Products Heaney is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MAX9930–MAX9933 Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)