ULTRA-FAST PHOTODETECTOR BIPLANAR PHOTOTUBES R12290U SERIES, R1328U SERIES Biplanar phototubes are high-speed photodetectors capable of measuring waveforms of ultrashort optical pulses. Hamamatsu provides various types of biplanar photocathodes with different photocathodes to cover a wide range of applications spanning the vacuum UV to the infrared region. ■R12290U Series The R12290U series have a large sensitive area and fast time response, such as 270 ps rise time and 100 ps fall time. ■R12290U-55 (For excimer laser measurements) The R12290U-55 was developed to directly measure high energy light such as from excimer lasers. Compared to conventional thermal conversion type detectors and semiconductor sensors the R12290U-55 offers fast time response and stable operation even when measuring high energy light. ■R1328U Series The R1328U series have very fast time response, such as 60 ps rise time and 90 ps fall time and excellent impedance matching. These characteristics make it possible to reproduce precise waveform of light pulses with extremely less ringing. FEATURES ▲Left: R12290U Right: R1328U APPLICATIONS ●Laser Pulse Observation ●Trigger for Laser, Streak Camera, etc. ●Time Calibration in Subnanoseconds ●Trigger for Electronic Shutter, etc. ●Fast Time Response ●Excellent Linearity with Respect to High-power Light ●Conforms to RoHS Directive ●Easily Interfaceable with External Circuits ●Extremely Less Ringing ●High Immunity to Magnetic Fields SPECIFICATIONS Type No. Spectral Response Peak Wavelength (nm) (nm) Photocathode Material Anode Anode Form Supply Voltage (V dc) Maximum Ratings Characteristics (at 25 °C) A B C D E Input Peak Peak Average MeasureFall Light Cathode Rise Luminouse Cathode Energy Cathode Time Time ring Radiant Typ. Sensitivity Typ. Current Density Current Voltage Typ. (A) (W/mm2) (µA) (V dc) (µA/lm) (mA/W) (ps) (ps) R12290U Series (Large sensitive area, 270 ps rise time) R12290U-51 R12290U-52 R12290U-53 R12290U-54 300 to 1100 185 to 650 300 to 850 115 to 320 750 340 400 200 Ag-O-Cs Sb-Cs Na-K-Sb-Cs Cs-Te Mesh Mesh Mesh Mesh 3000 3000 3000 3000 1 1 1 1 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 50 50 50 50 2500 2500 2500 2500 20 50 80 15 mA/W (254 nm) 2.5 80 50 25 270 270 270 270 100 100 100 100 15 µA/W (248 nm) 22 µA/W 270 130 20 50 80 2.5 80 50 25 60 60 60 60 90 90 90 90 R12290U-55 (For measurement of high-power pulsed light) R12290U-55 180 to 350 220 Ag Mesh 3000 2 1 × 102 (248 nm) 10 2500 Mesh Mesh Mesh Mesh 2500 2500 2500 2500 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 5 5 5 5 2000 2000 2000 2000 R1328U Series (60 ps rise time) R1328U-51 R1328U-52 R1328U-53 R1328U-54 300 to 1100 185 to 650 300 to 850 115 to 320 750 340 400 200 Ag-O-Cs Sb-Cs Na-K-Sb-Cs Cs-Te 15 mA/W (254 nm) BOutput current averaged over 1 second time interval. The whole photocathode is uniformly illuminated. NOTE: APulse width is less than 50 ns. CMeasured with a tungsten lamp operated at 2856 K and a 1 MΩ load resistor. The light input is 0.05 lm. DRise time refers to the time rising from 10 % to 90 % of the peak photocathode current when delta function light pulse enters the whole photocathode. EFall time refers to the time falling from 90 % to 10 % of the peak photocathode current when delta function light pulse enters the whole photocathode. Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2012 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. ULTRA-FAST PHOTODETECTOR BIPLANAR PHOTOTUBES R12290U SERIES, R1328 SERIES CONSTRUCTION SPECTRAL RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS Biplanar phototubes consists of a circular, plane, lightsensitive surface called a photocathode and a mesh-type anode aligned in parallel to each other. Figure 1 shows the schematic construction of biplanar phototubes. The biplane configuration of the photocathode and anode make it possible to generate high linear output current with subnanosecond response time. As shown in Figure 1, a power supply capacitor Cb and a noninductive load resistor RL are built into the housing. Figure 3(a) shows typical spectral response characteristics of the R12290U and R1328U series. OUTPUT CONNECTOR ANODE CATHODE LIGHT Cb RL RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) Figure 1: Schematic Diagram Figure 3(a): Typical Spectral Response Characteristics of R12290U and R1328U 100 80 60 40 R12290U-52 R1328U-52 R12290U-53 R1328U-53 R12290U-54 20 R1328U-54 10 8 6 4 2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 R12290U-51 R1328U-51 0.2 Cb: 300 pF RL : 50 Ω (NONINDUCTIVE TYPE) +HV 0.1 100 200 300 400 500 700 1000 1200 RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) Figure 2: Typical Rise time R12290U 400 RISE TIME (ps) Nd: YAG LASER SEMICONDUCTOR LASER Rb LASER He-Ne LASER Ar LASER 10-2 Where m and q are the electron mass and charge respectively. 200 R1328U 100 80 60 N2 LASER Figure 3(b): Typical Spectral Response Characteristics of R12290U-55 τ=d 2 m =3.37 × 10-6 × d [s] qE E tr.=0.8τ [s] . 1000 800 600 XeCl EXCIMER LASER ArF EXCIMER LASER If the interelectrode distance of a biplanar phototube is d [m], the applied voltage is E [V] and the electron transit time is τ [s], then the pulse response rise time (10 % to 90 %) tr [s] is given by the following expression and is inversely proportional to the square root of the applied voltage E. KrF EXCIMER LASER WAVELENGTH (nm) RESPONSE SPEED 10-3 10-4 10-5 40 ArF (193) 20 10 500 10-6 1000 2000 3000 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) DARK CURRENT Because biplanar phototubes are used at high voltages, the dark current for such devices is normally large compared to conventional phototubes, so dark current values similar to those of conventional phototubes used with lower voltages cannot be expected. In addition to thermal electrons from the photocathode and ion current, dark currents are generated by leakage currents flowing through the insulation material used, which dominates a large portion of the total. This type of leakage currents flows even in moisture and other impurities on the surface of the insulation material. For this reason, it is recommended that not only care should be taken to the handling of such devices during measurements but also consideration should be taken to the storage of such devices in a desiccator. 200 KrF (248) 250 XeCl (308) 300 350 WAVELENGTH (nm) MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT Biplanar phototubes are used for an application in the observation of laser pulses using an oscilloscope and the triggering of various circuits. This requires a high input signal level of more than 50 mV. However, because it is difficult to conduct electrical amplification of a signal pulse width in the order 0.1 ns, an extremely high current linearity with respect to high-power light is required. For instance, when the peak photocathode current is 100 mA, a voltage of 2.5 V appears at the both ends of the resistance (25 Ω that the photocathode sees), the value of which is sufficient enough to drive the oscilloscope and its trigger circuit directly. Since biplanar phototubes are constructed with two electrodes of large facing areas closely paralleled to each other and since they can withstand high voltages, they can fetch large currents. Factors which determine the maximum rating of the peak photocathode current are: 1) space charge, 2) photocathode surface saturation, 3) residual gas pressure and 4) photocathode surface fatigue, among others. in consideration of these factors, the Hamamatsu R12290U-51 to -54, R12290U-55 and R1328U series are designed to operate up to 1 A, 2 A and 0.3 A respectively when light pulses of 50 ns width are used. MAXIMUM EXCIMER LASER MEASUREMENT RANGE OF R12290U-55 RINGING The R12290U-55 is designed for use in the measurement of excimer lasers that have high-power light pulses. Combined with an attenuation filter (E3331: sold separately) it is particularly suited for measurements of excimer lasers being directly illuminated onto the photocathode at very high power levels. (See figure 4.) The distortion of a high-speed pulse signal is greatly effected by the measurement system used to measure this signal. For instance, when impedance matching is taking place between the phototube and the measurement system, a portion of the signal may happen to become a reflection signal and return back to the phototube. A portion of this reflection signal is then once again propagated through the phototube to the oscilloscope. As a result a periodically diminishing signal or damping oscillation is observed on the oscilloscope. This phenomenon is known as ringing. (See Figure 5.) Maximum Excimer Laser Measurement Range Items Attenuation filter (sold separately) No attenuation filter Excimer Laser (nm) ArF (193 nm) KrF (248 nm) XeCl (308 nm) ArF (193 nm) KrF (248 nm) XeCl (308 nm) Input Light Energy Density (W/mm2) 1 × 102 1 × 102 4 × 105 5 × 104 5 × 104 — Peak power* (W) 7 × 104 7 × 104 1 × 108 2.5 × 107 2.5 × 107 — * Peak power (W)= Figure 5: Typical Pulse Distortion by Ringing Excimer laser pulse energy (J) FWHM of excimer laser pulse (s) Figure 4: Light Saturation (Linearity) Characteristics PEAK OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 10 KrF (248 nm) 1 ArF (193 nm) The R12290U and R1328U are built in a special metal housing designed with well considerations of electrode shape, housing shape, the widening of bandwidth and the impedance matching of a load resistance output connector. Their laser pulses are thus output through the N-R connector of an excellent frequency characteristic. For this reason, you must use their output cable, connector and characteristic impedance of the measuring system at 50 Ω. XeCl (308 nm) 0.1 0.01 105 106 107 108 109 PEAK POWER (W) * The data of ArF and KrF excimer lasers are those obtained when an attenuation filter E3331 (sold separately) was used. ■DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE (Unit: mm) ●R12290U 87.5 CATHODE 30 ± 1 TRIPOD THREAD W1/4 × P1.27 DEPTH 7.5 69.5 28 24 ± 2 +HV INPUT (SHV-R) SIGNAL OUTPUT CONNECTOR (N-R) 37 SIGNAL OUTPUT CONNECTOR (N-R) TRIPOD THREAD W1/4 × 1.27 DEPTH 4 Diameter (mm) 20 29 10 140 MAX. ANODE MESH PHOTOCATHODE 10 TPT A0018EB TPT A0050EA ●Diameter and Area of Photocathode Type No. R12290U-51 to -54 R12290U-55 R1328U Series TRIPOD THREAD M6 P1.0 DEPTH 7.5 10 26 CATHODE +HV INPUT CONNECTOR (SHV-R) 63 63 38 59 FILTER DIAMETER 30 FILTER DIAMETER ●R1328U Area (mm2) 314 660 78 1. Since these devices use a high voltage from 2000 V to 2500 V, extreme care should be taken to ensure the safety of personnel handling and using these devices, especially with respect to insulation and shock prevention. 2. When preparing for measurement, be sure to short the signal output connector before connecting the signal cable with it in order to allow electric charge stored in the device to be discharged. 3. As an added measure for accident prevention, when a high voltage power supply with a low impedance output is used, a protective CR network can be placed between the power supply and the phototube as shown in figure 12. It is recommended that, if actually used, an CR network with the values or similar values shown in the figure be selected and placed as close to the phototube as possible. 4. If the phototube envelope is broken and air is allowed to enter the tube, the tube will become unusable. Therefore, care should be taken not to subject the tube to shock. 5. Use with high currents will tend to cause the phototube to fatigue, causing a deterioration of its characteristics. Therefore, unnecessarily high currents should not be used and care should be taken so that strong intensity beams are not shone on one portion of the photocathode. In particular, if such a condition exists, it is recommended that a diffuser plate be used. 6. Care should be taken to avoid high humidity. When storing the devices they should be packed together with a desiccant or contained in a desiccator. DANGER ... Do NOT apply a high voltage unless insulation is sufficiently provided. CR Network +HV POWER SUPPLY R1 C1 R2 .. R1=R2=100 kΩ C1=0.2 µF (4 kV or more) (use this valve or similar value to this.) A CR network is placed as close to the phototube as possible. ULTRA-FAST PHOTODETECTOR BIPLANAR PHOTOTUBES R12290U SERIES, R1328U SERIES ■OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES Some optional devices, such as high voltage power supply, cable set and attenuation filter, need to be purchased for the use of phototubes. Hamamatsu has all those optional devices available to you. HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C11668 (Sold separately) Specifications Dimensional Outline (Unit: mm) POWER VOLTAGE SELECT 1.5KV 2.0KV HV ON / OFF OUTPUT +HV 2.5KV INPUT DC12V 50 Output voltage .............. Changed to +1.5 kV dc +2.0 kV dc · +2.5 kV dc Output current ............... 0.3 mA Max. Output voltage change .... Less than ±1 % with respect to 10 % change of supply voltage Less than ±1 % with respect to 0 to 100 % change of output current Ripple noise (peak to peak) .... 1 V Max. Output terminal ............. SHV connector (Rear Side) Supply voltage .............. 12 Vdc (Supplied: AC adapter 100 V to 240 V) Operating ambient temperature ... +5 °C to +45 °C Weight .......................... Approx. 1130 g HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C11668 160 140 TPT A0051EA SIGNAL CABLES E1168-01, -02 (Sold separately) Signal cables used to connect the signal output of the phototube to the oscilloscope. Two types of connectors, such as N-N type connector and N-BNC connector, are available for E1168-01 and E1168-02 respectively. (A coaxial cable of characteristic impedance 50 Ω should be used.) Typical System Configurations POWER VOLTAGE SELECT 1.5KV 2.0KV HV ON / OFF 2.5KV HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C11668 HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C11668 POWER VOLTAGE SELECT 1.5KV 2.0KV SHV CONNECTOR SIGNAL CABLE E1168-01, -02 (LENGTH: 1.5 m) SHV CONNECTOR HIGH VOLTAGE CABLE E1168-19 (SUPPLIED WITH C11668 LENGTH: 1.5 m) N CONNECTOR R12290U ( N CONNECTOR FOR E1168-01 BNC CONNECTOR FOR E1168-02 OSCILLOSCOPE (INPUT IMPEDANCE 50 Ω) R1328U HV ON / OFF SHV CONNECTOR 2.5KV HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C11668 HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C11668 HIGH VOLTAGE CABLE E1168-19 (SUPPLIED WITH C11668 LENGTH: 1.5 m) N CONNECTOR SHV CONNECTOR SIGNAL CABLE E1168-01, -02 (LENGTH: 1.5 m) TPT C0026EA ATTENUATION FILTER E3331 FOR R12290U (Sold separately) The E3331 is designed with an easy-to-mount feature and for exclusive use with R12290U series. It is able to accept direct, high-power light. * The filter transmits above 180 nm. Transmittance=0.2 % (Typ.) Dimensional Outline (Unit: mm) 49 40 E3331 mounted to R12290U 63 3 INPUT WINDOWS SIDE HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K. E3331 R12290U Series TPT A0052EA www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division 314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: [email protected] Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: [email protected] France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: [email protected] North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Thorshamnsgatan 35 SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: [email protected] TPT 1028E01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: [email protected] OCT. 2012 IP China: Hamamatsu Photonics (China) Co., Ltd.: 1201 Tower B, Jiaming Center, 27 Dongsanhuan Road North, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China, Telephone: (86)10-6586-6006, Fax: (86)10-6586-2866 E-mail: [email protected]