Humidity Sensor
PICtail™ Demo Board
User’s Guide
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A
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DS51594A-page ii
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™
DEMO BOARD USER’S GUIDE
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction............................................................................................................ 1
Document Layout .................................................................................................. 1
Conventions Used in this Guide ............................................................................ 2
Recommended Reading........................................................................................ 3
The Microchip Web Site ........................................................................................ 4
Customer Support ................................................................................................. 4
Document Revision History ................................................................................... 4
Chapter 1. Product Overview
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Kit Contents .................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board ......................................................... 5
1.4 Associated Tools ............................................................................................ 7
1.5 Assembly Code Modules ................................................................................ 8
Chapter 2. Setup and Installation
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Required Tools ............................................................................................... 9
2.3 Setting up the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board ................................. 9
2.4 Connecting to Alternate Tools ...................................................................... 11
Chapter 3. Operation
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Configuring the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board ............................. 13
3.3 Using the Humidity Sensor PC Program ...................................................... 13
3.4 Humidity Sensor Calibration ......................................................................... 15
Chapter 4. Modified Circuit
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 17
4.2 The “Reduced Current” Circuit ..................................................................... 17
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page iii
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts
A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 19
A.2 Highlights ..................................................................................................... 19
A.3 Demonstration Board Description ................................................................ 19
A.4 The “Reduced Current” Modification ............................................................ 20
A.5 Additional Comments ................................................................................... 20
Appendix B. Bill Of Materials (BOM)
B.1 Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board BOM ............................................. 25
B.2 BOM for Humidity Sensor and Other Capacitors in Box .............................. 26
B.3 BOM for “Reduced Current” Modifications ................................................... 26
Worldwide Sales and Service .....................................................................................28
DS51594A-page iv
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™
DEMO BOARD USER’S GUIDE
Preface
NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS
All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and
documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs
and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site
(www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.
Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each
page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is
“DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the
document.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board. Items discussed in this chapter include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Document Layout
Conventions Used in this Guide
Recommended Reading
The Microchip Web Site
Customer Support
Document Revision History
DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board as a
development tool to emulate and debug firmware on a target board. The manual layout
is as follows:
• Chapter 1. “Product Overview” – This is an introduction to the Humidity Sensor
PICtail™ Demo Board. It covers the kit contents, associated tools and how they
work together.
• Chapter 2. “Setup and Installation” – Covers the initial set-up of the Humidity
Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board. It lists the required tools, shows how to connect
this board and demonstates how to verify the set-up.
• Chapter 3. “Operation” – This chapter discusses using the humidity sensor on
the PCB and using the software PC Application.
• Chapter 4. “Modified Circuit” – Gives the modifications necessary to increase
measurement resolution by a factor of 100 (see AN1016 for details)
• Appendix A. “Schematic and Layouts” – Gives detailed information on the
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board. Includes detailed circuit explanation,
schematic and board layouts.
• Appendix B. “Bill Of Materials (BOM)” – Gives detailed information on the
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board’s firmware.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 1
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE
This manual uses the following documentation conventions:
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
Description
Arial font:
Italic characters
Initial caps
Quotes
Underlined, italic text with
right angle bracket
Bold characters
N‘Rnnnn
Text in angle brackets < >
Courier New font:
Plain Courier New
Represents
Referenced books
Emphasized text
A window
A dialog
A menu selection
A field name in a window or
dialog
A menu path
MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide
...is the only compiler...
the Output window
the Settings dialog
select Enable Programmer
“Save project before build”
A dialog button
A tab
A number in verilog format,
where N is the total number of
digits, R is the radix and n is a
digit.
A key on the keyboard
Click OK
Click the Power tab
4‘b0010, 2‘hF1
Italic Courier New
Sample source code
Filenames
File paths
Keywords
Command-line options
Bit values
Constants
A variable argument
Square brackets [ ]
Optional arguments
Curly brackets and pipe
character: { | }
Ellipses...
Choice of mutually exclusive
arguments; an OR selection
Replaces repeated text
Represents code supplied by
user
DS51594A-page 2
Examples
File>Save
Press <Enter>, <F1>
#define START
autoexec.bat
c:\mcc18\h
_asm, _endasm, static
-Opa+, -Opa0, 1
0xFF, ‘A’
file.o, where file can be
any valid filename
mcc18 [options] file
[options]
errorlevel {0|1}
var_name [,
var_name...]
void main (void)
{ ...
}
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preface
RECOMMENDED READING
This user's guide describes how to use Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board. Other
useful documents are listed below and are recommended as supplemental reference
resources.
PICkit™ 2 Microcontroller Programmer User’s Guide (DS51553)
Contains instructions on how to use the PICkit 2 Microcontroller Programmer hardware
and software.
PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit User’s Guide (DS40051)
Contains instructions on how to use the PICkit 1 Flash Starter Kit hardware and
software.
MPLAB® ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger User’s Guide (DS51331)
This user’s guide covers Microchip’s low cost, real-time debugger and programmer for
selected PICmicro® Microcontrollers (MCUs) and dsPIC® Digital Signal Controllers
(DSCs).
AN1016, “Detecting Small Capacitive Sensors Using the MCP6291 and
PIC16F690 Devices” (DS01016)
Explains the functionality and design of this board’s circuit. Contains measurement
results.
MCP6291/2/3/4/5 Data Sheet (DS21812)
Gives detailed information on the MCP6291/2/3/4/5 Op Amps.
PIC16F685/687/689/690 Data Sheet (DS41262)
Gives detailed information on the microcontroller used on the Humidity Sensor PICtail™
Demo Board.
PIC16C745/765 Data Sheet (DS41124)
Gives detailed information on the PICmicro microcontroller used on the PICkit 1 Flash
Starter Kit.
The following document is available on the internet from the company listed, and is
recommended as a supplemental reference resource.
Humirel, “Relative Humidity Sensor HS1100LF / HS1101LF,” Data Sheet, Rev. C,
Sept. 2004.
Gives detailed information on Humirel’s (www.humirel.com) HS1101LF capacitive
relative humidity sensor.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 3
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE
Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web
site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers.
Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following
information:
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample
programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents,
latest software releases and archived software
• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical
support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program
member listing
• Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip
press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
•
•
•
•
•
Distributor or Representative
Local Sales Office
Field Application Engineer (FAE)
Technical Support
Development Systems Information Line
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer
(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of
sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document.
Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY
Revision A (December 2005)
• Initial Release of this Document.
DS51594A-page 4
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™
DEMO BOARD USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 1. Product Overview
1.1
INTRODUCTION
The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) discussed in this user’s guide is described as follows:
• Order Number:
PIC16F690DM-PCTLHS
• Assembly Number:
102-00084R1
• Board Name:
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board
This board supports the capacitive humidity sensor application note AN1016. It
measures the capacitance of a relative humidity sensor (or capacitor) plugged into the
board. The on-board microcontroller sends the measured and calculated data to a PC
(Personal Computer) for display.
Items discussed in this chapter include:
•
•
•
•
1.2
Kit Contents
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board
Associated Tools
Initial Set-up
KIT CONTENTS
• Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board – This is an assembled and tested
Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
• CD-ROM – Provided separately in the shipping box; it contains the files and
literature mentioned in this user’s guide.
• Humidity Sensor (HS1101LF) – Provided separately in the shipping box.
• Bag of Capacitors – Provided separately in the shipping box. These capacitors
are provided for the user’s convenience; they make it easy to try out this board’s
functionality, and to verify its accuracy.
1.3
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™ DEMO BOARD
The circuit operation is detailed in AN1016, “Detecting Small Capacitive Sensors Using
the MCP6291 and PIC16F690 Devices” (DS01016)
The Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board contains the circuitry represented in
Figure 1-1. The ambient relative humidity changes the capacitance of the humidity
sensor (HS1101LF from Humirel). This sensor is connected to a MCP6291 op amp and
a resistor to form an inverting (Miller) integrator. The PIC16F690 microcontroller sends
a square wave to the input of the integrator, which the integrator converts to a triangle
wave at its output. The firmware controls the magnitude of the triangle wave and
measures the integration time. The microcontroller measures the time it takes for the
triangle wave to rise and fall. These times are converted to a capacitance value.
A 14-pin header is provided for connecting to the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit, which
acts like a docking station. It includes a two-wire serial bus that transfers the data, and
two more wires for board power (+5V and GND inputs). This interface also supports
programming of the on-board PIC16F690.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 5
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
The +5V single supply voltage from the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit board is bypassed
with two bulk 1 μF capacitors near the header, and two local 0.1 μF capacitors (one for
each Integrated Circuit (IC)).
A 6-pin header for ICSP™ (In-Circuit Serial Programming™) is available as an alternate
interface for programming the on-board PIC16F690. This allows the user to modify the
program that comes with the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board (with the MPLAB®
ICD 2 or PICkit™ 2 microcontroller programmer).
Humidity Sensor
PICtail™ Demo Board
Ambient
Humidity
Humidity
Sensor
+5V
GND
Test Points
Vsen
+5V
Op Amp
MCP6291
N.C.
2
Vcm
Vint
FIGURE 1-1:
GND
10
Microcontroller
PIC16F690
6
to
PICkit™ 1 Flash
Starter Kit
ICSP™
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board Block Diagram.
The test points make it easier to test key points in the circuit using common lab
equipment. The test points are:
• GND – Is connected to ground plane, and is for any lab equipment
• +5V – Positive supply voltage (at board edge); it provides a means to power this
board with a laboratory power supply (when not connected to the PICkit™ 1 Flash
Starter Kit)
• VINT – Integrator’s input (a square wave during measurements)
• VCM – Op amp’s common mode voltage (at its inverting input)
• VSEN – Integrator’s output of the integrator (a triangle wave during
measurements)
More details on the circuit and on its design can be found in Appendix A. “Schematic
and Layouts” and AN1016, “Detecting Small Capacitive Sensors Using the MCP6291
and PIC16F690 Devices” (DS01016).
DS51594A-page 6
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Product Overview
1.4
ASSOCIATED TOOLS
Figure 1-2 shows the block diagram of the hardware and software tools that the
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board is designed to work with. More information on
these tools can be found in the “Recommended Reading” section.
Hardware
Software
Capacitance.exe
PC Program
PC
USB
PICkit™ 1
Flash Starter Kit
PICkit™ 1
Firmware
14
Humidity Sensor
PICtail™ Demo Board
00084R1.hex
Firmware
6
ICSP™
FIGURE 1-2:
1.4.1
Measurement Set-up Block Diagram.
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board
This board is described in Section 1.3 “Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board”.
1.4.2
Firmware for the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board
00084R1.hex is the firmware file that supports the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo
Board application. It implements the measurement routines and the data
communications with the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit.
1.4.3
ICSP™ Header
The ICSP header provides a means to program the PIC16F690. It is intended for
connection to devices that program the on board PIC16F690, such as the MPLAB®
ICD 2 (DV164005) and the PICkit™ 2 Microcontroller Programmer (DV164120).
1.4.4
PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit
The PICkit 1 Flash Starter Kit (DV164101) programs PICmicro® microcontrollers. It is
used to program the PIC16F690, and provides a communications link with the PC. The
PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit’s PIC16C745 has a USB port that communicates with the
Humidity Sensor PC Program. It also connects to the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo
Board (the on-board PIC16F690) via a header (see Figure 2-1).
This board provides a single +5V supply voltage for the daughter board. It can drive up
to 5 μF on the supply; a larger capacitance may interfere with program timing.
1.4.5
PICkit™ 1 Firmware
This software resides on the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit’s PIC16C745 microcontroller.
Use version 2.0.2 or later.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 7
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
1.4.6
PC Platform
The Personal Computer (PC) shown in Figure 1-2 needs to run on Windows® 98 SE or
later. It provides a convenient interface for the user, communicates with the other
boards and provides power through the USB connection.
1.4.7
Humidity Sensor PC Program
The capacitance.exe PC Program communicates with the PIC16F690 MCU on the
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board through the USB port on the PICkit™ 1 Flash
Starter Kit. It also imports data through the same connections and displays them.
The user inputs the board configuration, and can select to view either capacitance or
relative humidity (assuming the HS1101LF sensor is plugged in).
1.5
ASSEMBLY CODE MODULES
The following assembly code modules (for the PIC16F690) make up the Humidity
Sensor project:
• main.inc - contains I/O port and global defines used throughout the project
• main.asm - contains the main executive routine including configuration bit
assignments
• initialize_f690.asm - initializes the PIC16F690 to known initial values
• capacitance.asm - reads capacitance using a dual slope integration technique
• humidity.inc - contains PwLI table segment values
• humidity.asm - contains PwLI routine to convert capacitance to %RH humidity
• ssc.asm - contains Synchronous Serial Communications (SSC), which is a
synchronous serial communications protocol between a target PICmicro® microcontroller (MCU) and the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit or PICkit™ 2 Starter Kit
• 16f690.lkr - linker script for Humidity Sensor project
These files can be downloaded from the Microchip web site (www.microchip.com) and
are contained in the “00084R1.zip” file.
DS51594A-page 8
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™
DEMO BOARD USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 2. Setup and Installation
2.1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter shows how to set up the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board. Items
discussed in this chapter include:
• Required Tools
• Connecting the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board
• Set-up Verification
2.2
REQUIRED TOOLS
The PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit User’s Guide explains how to set up the PC and the
PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit. Use firmware version 2.0.2 or later.
The PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit CD-ROM (DS40049) contains many of the necessary
files.
The capacitance.exe PC program comes with the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo
Board CD-ROM (Version v1.07.01 or later).
2.3
SETTING UP THE HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™ DEMO BOARD
This section discusses the primary method for setting up the Humidity Sensor PICtail™
Demo Board. An exploded view of how the different boards connect is shown in
Figure 2-1.
ICSP™ Header
USB Cable
Expansion
Header (J3)
Humidity Sensor
PICtail™ Demo Board
To PC
Remove PICmicro® MCU
Evaluation Socket
PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit
PIC16C745 Firmware
Version 2.0.2 or later
FIGURE 2-1:
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Board Connections for PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit.
DS51594A-page 9
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
2.3.1
PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit
1. Remove any PICmicro microcontroller that may be in the Evaluation Socket.
2. Connect the USB cable to the PC and to the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit board.
The status LEDs (green POWER and yellow BUSY in the LED array) should light
up.
It is easiest to use this board when it lays directly on a bench top.
2.3.2
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board
1. Setup Board (first time only); connect shunt to jumper JP1 at the 0.1 pF / position
(0.1 pF / count).
2. Plug this board into the PICkit 1 Flash Starter Kit’s expansion header J3 (as
shown in Figure 2-1) without covering the LED array. There should be no change
in the status LEDs on the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit board after it is plugged in.
The PIC16F690 comes with the 00084R1.hex file already programmed.
2.3.3
Humidity Sensor PC Program
1. Run the installer program, AN1016 install.exe (which places the executable
file capacitance.exe in the desired directory).
2. Run the capacitance.exe PC Program to start the Graphical User Interface
(GUI).
2.3.4
Set-up Verification
1. Check Basic Functionality.
a) Place one of the capacitors that came in the shipping box (nominal values of
10 pF, 180 pF, 1.0 nF and 100 nF) into the Csen socket.
b) Follow the steps 1.a. through 1.g. in Section 3.3 “Using the Humidity
Sensor PC Program”.
c) The reading should be within ±5% (for 10 pF, 180 pF, and 1.0 nF capacitors),
or ±10% (for the 100 nF capacitor only), of the nominal value.
2. Check HS1101LF Sensor.
a) Place the HS1101LF sensor into the Csen socket.
b) Follow the steps 2.a. through 2.f. in Section 3.3 “Using the Humidity
Sensor PC Program”.
c) The reading should be similar to that of a calibrated relative humidity sensor
placed nearby.
DS51594A-page 10
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Setup and Installation
2.4
CONNECTING TO ALTERNATE TOOLS
2.4.1
PICkit™ 2 Microcontroller Programmer
An exploded view of how the PICkit™ 2 microcontroller programmer connects to the
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board is shown in Figure 2-2. This setup is an
alternative way to reprogram the PIC16F690 on the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo
Board.
USB Cable
PICkit™ 2 Microcontroller Programmer
To PC
ICSP™ Header (P2)
Humidity Sensor
PICtail™ Demo Board
FIGURE 2-2:
Board Connections for PICkit™ 2 Microcontroller Programmer.
MPLAB® ICD 2
2.4.2
An exploded view of how the MPLAB® ICD 2 connects to the Humidity Sensor
PICtail™ Demo Board is shown in Figure 2-3. This setup is an alternative way to
reprogram the PIC16F690 on the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board.
USB Cable
To PC
MPLAB® ICD 2
Modular Connector Cable
Modular-to-6-Pin Header Adaptor
ICSP™ Header (P2)
Humidity Sensor
PICtail™ Demo Board
FIGURE 2-3:
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Board Connections for MPLAB® ICD 2.
DS51594A-page 11
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51594A-page 12
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™
DEMO BOARD USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 3. Operation
3.1
INTRODUCTION
This demonstration board makes it easy to explore the operation of a humidity sensor
application. Items discussed in this chapter include:
•
•
•
•
3.2
Configuring the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board
Using the Humidity Sensor PC Program
Programming the PIC16F690
Humidity Sensor Calibration
CONFIGURING THE HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™ DEMO BOARD
1. Setup the board as explained in Chapter 2. “Setup and Installation”.
2. Place a humidity sensor or capacitor in the CSEN socket.
a) Humirel’s HS1101LF capacitive humidity sensor.
b) A capacitor of known value.
3. Connect the shunt to jumpers JP1 – JP3 according to the measurement
resolution and capacitance values desired; see Table 3-1.
4. Allow sufficient time for the humidity sensor to respond to changes in the
environment (about 30 seconds for the HS1101LF).
TABLE 3-1:
3.3
JUMPER SELECTION – MODIFIED CIRCUIT
Jumper
Selected
Measurement
Resolution
(pF / count)
CSEN Range
RINT
(Ω)
JP1
0.1
0.6 pF to 6.5 nF
6.65 M
JP2
1
6 pF to 65 nF
665 k
JP3
10
60 pF to 650 nF
66.5 k
Comments
Use for HS1101LF sensor
USING THE HUMIDITY SENSOR PC PROGRAM
The capacitance.exe PC Program Graphical User Interface (GUI) is displayed in
Figure 3-1. It is a simple program that helps the user to control the functionality of the
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board and to view the results sent back from that
board.
Note:
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
This program is intended as an evaluation tool; it does not check for all
possible errors. It is the user’s responsibility to make sure the GUI and
demo board are used under reasonable conditions.
DS51594A-page 13
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
1.f.
2.e.
1.e. 1.c.
2.d.
2.e.
2.d.
4.b.
4.a.
1.d.
2.c.
1.g.
2.f.
3.b.
3.c.
1.e.
2.d.
3.a.
FIGURE 3-1:
“Humidity Sensor PC Program” GUI.
The following steps will help familiarize the user with this GUI. The step numbers are
displayed in Figure 3-1.
1. Measure Capacitance (CSEN).
a) Put capacitor in CSEN’s socket on the board.
b) Select desired resolution on the board (set by shunt and JP1 – JP3).
c) Input the resolution.
d) Click on the READ CAPACITANCE button.
e) The green light turns on and the status window is updated.
f) Read the current capacitance value (which is updated about once a second).
g) Click on the STOP READING button.
2. Measure Humidity (RH).
a) Put the HS1101LF sensor in CSEN’s socket on the board.
b) Select the 0.1 pF / count resolution on the board (put shunt across JP1).
c) Click on the READ HUMIDITY button (a resolution of 0.1 pF / count is assumed
by the GUI).
d) The green lights turn on and the status window is updated.
e) Read the current capacitance value and relative humidity (which are updated
about once a second).
f) Click on the STOP READING button.
3. Check Program Status.
a) Read the status history in the status window.
b) Click the CLEAR STATUS WINDOW button to clear the status history.
c) Click the FIRMWARE VERSION button to see the version displayed in the status
window.
4. Quit the Program.
a) Click the FILE button, then the EXIT button that pops up. Or click on the
WINDOWS’ EXIT button.
DS51594A-page 14
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Operation
3.4
HUMIDITY SENSOR CALIBRATION
If desired, the capacitive humidity sensor used on this board can be calibrated. Manufacturing tolerances, aging and changes in circuit operating conditions (i.e., supply
voltage and temperature) may cause errors larger than desired. Many reputable
companies provide humidity calibration equipment and/or services.
There are two common approaches to calibrating these sensors:
1. Put sensor in an atmosphere with well controlled RH.
2. Use another, more accurate sensor to measure the RH.
In both cases, there are two areas of concern. First, the RH can change rapidly across
time and position, making an accurate calibration difficult to do. Second, it takes time
for humidity sensors to settle to an accurate value. Some can take many minutes to
settle properly.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 15
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51594A-page 16
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™
DEMO BOARD USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 4. Modified Circuit
4.1
INTRODUCTION
The modifications described here will reduce the current going into the integrator (IINT)
by a factor of 100 ×, so the measurement resolution increases by the same factor.
These modifications are intended for measuring small capacitances. See AN1016 for
more details on this modified circuit’s performance.
4.2
THE “REDUCED CURRENT” CIRCUIT
4.2.1
Modifications
Figure 4-1 shows the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board top silk-screen.
Figure 4-1 also shows the locations of the resistors that need to be modified to
implement the “Reduced Current” circuit discussed in application note AN1016:
1. Remove (de-solder) the 1Ω resistor, RA1, already on the board.
2. Refer to Appendix B. “Bill Of Materials (BOM)”, Section B.3 for the BOM for
the three resistors (provided by the user) that need to be soldered onto the board.
- RA1 = 1 MΩ
- RA2 = RA3 = 20 kΩ
3. Solder RA1, RA2 and RA3 onto the board.
resistors to
to modify
FIGURE 4-1:
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Resistor Modifications.
DS51594A-page 17
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
4.2.2
Modified Configuration
Configure the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board as follows:
1. Start with the configuration in Section 3.2.
2. Connect the shunt to jumpers JP1 – JP3 according to the modified measurement
resolutions and capacitance values desired; see Table 4-1.
TABLE 4-1:
JUMPER SELECTION – MODIFIED CIRCUIT
Jumper
Selected
Measurement Resolution
(pF / count)
CSEN Range
RINT
(Ω)
JP1
0.001
0.6 pF to 65 pF
6.65 M
JP2
0.01
6 pF to 650 pF
665 k
JP3
0.1
60 pF to 6.5 nF
66.5 k
4.2.3
Interpreting the Output from the Humidity Sensor PC Program
The capacitance.exe PC program displays measured capacitance values assuming
the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board has not been modified. To correct the displayed values, move the displayed decimal point to the left two places (e.g., 321.0 pF is
actually 3.210 pF).
Note:
The decimal point must be moved two places to the left by the user for the
modified circuit.
The RH numbers make no sense for measurements produced by the modified board;
they are based on another circuit configuration (see Section 3.2).
DS51594A-page 18
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™
DEMO BOARD USER’S GUIDE
Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts
A.1
INTRODUCTION
This appendix contains the schematics and layouts for the Humidity Sensor PICtail™
Demo Board.
A.2
HIGHLIGHTS
The Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board is constructed using a two-layer Printed
Circuit Board (PCB). The top layer is for components and traces. The bottom layer is
the ground plane.
Information on this board includes:
•
•
•
•
A.3
Board Schematic
Board – Top Silk-screen
Board – Top Metal Layer
Board – Bottom Metal Layer
DEMONSTRATION BOARD DESCRIPTION
A schematic is shown in Figure A-1 and Figure A-2. Csen is the humidity sensor or
capacitor. Op amp, U2, and the components, Csen and RINT (Rint1, Rint2 or Rint3),
form an inverting (Miller) integrator. The jumpers, JP1 – JP3, select the RINT value of
choice (6.65 MΩ, 665 kΩ or 66.5 kΩ), which sets the measurement resolution
(0.1 pF / count, 1 pF / count or 10 pF / count). The microcontroller, U1, sends a square
wave at its pin 14 to the input of the integrator. The integrator converts it to a triangle
wave, which is seen at the microcontroller’s pin 15. There is a comparator internal to
U1 which compares the voltage at pin 15 to one of two reference levels; VRL = 0.125
VDD or VRH = 0.500 VDD. The microcontroller changes the logic value output at pin 14
each time the triangle wave exceeds one of these two limits.
The microcontroller (U1) measures the time between changes in logic values at pin 14
(“integration times”), and calculates a capacitance value for Csen. This capacitance
value (CSEN) is converted to Relative Humidity (RH) for Humirel’s HS1101LF humidity
sensor. CSEN and RH are then sent to the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit, which sends
them to the capacitance.exe PC program on the PC via the USB cable.
Note:
Converting Csen to RH for other humidity sensors must be done either
manually or by modifying the PIC16F690 firmware (i.e., the linear
interpolation table).
RA1 – RA3 are used for the “Op Amp Integrator with Reduced Current” described in
AN1016 and Chapter 4. “Modified Circuit”. Rcm1, Rcm2 and Ccm provide a
mid-supply reference voltage for the op amp, U2.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 19
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
The test points, TP3 – TP5, have 10 kΩ placed in series to isolate the circuit from
external measurement equipment. This will help prevent over-voltage events, and will
help the op amp, U2, operate in a stable condition.
a) This is a two-layer board. It has a solid ground plane on the bottom layer to
minimize EMC issues, and routes the traces in the top layer. The complete
schematic is in Figure A-1 and Figure A-2, the board layer plots in Figure A-3,
Figure A-4 and Figure A-5. The Bill of Materials (BOM) is in Appendix
B. “Bill Of Materials (BOM)”. The Gerber files for this board are available on
the Microchip web site (www.microchip.com) and are contained in the zip file
00084R1.zip.
A.4
THE “REDUCED CURRENT” MODIFICATION
Figure A-1 shows the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board as it comes from
Microchip. This board can be modified by the user to implement the “Reduced Current”
circuit discussed in application note AN1016 and Chapter 4. “Modified Circuit”.
A.5
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
The demonstration board includes test points for convenience on the bench. The “+5V”
and “GND” test points (TP1 and TP2) connect to the board’s supply voltages.
Note:
Do NOT connect a power supply to the “+5V” and “GND” test points, unless
the board is NOT connected to the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit (i.e., it
stands alone).
The “VINT” test point (TP3) connects to U1’s pin 14 to allow the user to monitor the
square wave into the integrator. The “VCM” test point (TP4) allows the user to measure
the op amp’s common mode input voltage. The “VSEN” test point (TP5) allows connection to the op amps output to allow the user to monitor the triangle wave at the integrator’s output.
The PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit provides a +5V single supply voltage. It can drive up to
5 μF on the supply; a larger capacitive load causes current loading and timing issues.
This demonstration board also uses the +5V single supply voltage. It has two 1 μF bulk
bypass capacitors and two 0.1 μF local bypass capacitors.
High frequency design practices are used to minimize digital interference:
• Solid ground plane
• Surface mount devices for the analog circuitry
• Separate digital and analog lines and sections
DS51594A-page 20
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Schematic and Layouts
+5V
C1
0.1 μF
U1
PIC16F690/P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
RA3
VDD
RA5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN
RA4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT
RA3/MCLR/VPP
RC5/CCP1/P1A
RC4/C2OUT/P1B
RC3/AN7/P1C
RC6/AN8/SS
RC7/AN9/SDO
RB7/TX/CK
TP5
VSEN
R3
10kΩ
Csen
1
2
HS1101LF
Humidity
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
RA0
RA1
RC1
RC2
TP3
VINT
TP4
VCM
R2
10 kΩ
RC1
VSS
RA0/AN0/C1IN+/ICSPDAT/ULPWU
RA1/AN1/C12IN-/VREF/ICSPCLK
RA2/AN2/T0CLKI/INT/C1OUT
RC0/AN4/C2IN+
RC1/AN5/C12INRC2/AN6/P1D
RB4/AN10/SDI/SDA
RB5/AN11/RX/DT
RB6/SCK/SCL
RINT1
6.65 MΩ
RINT2
66.5 kΩ
JP2
1.0pF/
RINT3
JP3
10pF/
66.5 kΩ
+5VA
JP1
0.1pF/
RA2
OPEN
R4
10 kΩ
RA1
0Ω
RC2
RA3
OPEN
+5VA
C2
0.1 μF
U2
MCP6291
1
+5VA
5
+
4
RCM1
20 kΩ
3
2
RCM2
CCM
20 kΩ
0.1μF
NOTE: All Resistors are 1%
FIGURE A-1:
Board – Schematic.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 21
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
TP2
GND
TP1
+5V
RA3
RA0
RA1
+5VA
C3
1 μF
+5V
R5
100Ω
RA5
RA4
RA3
RC5
RC4
RC3
RA0
RA1
RA2
RC0
RC1
RC2
+5V
GND
C4
1 μF
PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit
Expansion Header J3
P1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
P2
ICSP
RA3
RA0
RA1
1
2
3
4
5
6
VPP
VDD
GND
ICSPDAT
ICSPCLK
AUX
NOTE: All Resistors are 1%
FIGURE A-2:
DS51594A-page 22
Board – Schematic. (Continued)
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Schematic and Layouts
FIGURE A-3:
Board – Top Silk-Screen.
FIGURE A-4:
Board – Top Metal Layer.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 23
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
FIGURE A-5:
DS51594A-page 24
Board – Bottom Metal Layer.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™
DEMO BOARD USER’S GUIDE
Appendix B. Bill Of Materials (BOM)
B.1
HUMIDITY SENSOR PICTAIL™ DEMO BOARD BOM
Table B-1 shows the BOM for the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board as it comes
from Microchip.
TABLE B-1:
Qty
BILL OF MATERIALS
Reference
Description
Manufacturer
Part Number
1
CSEN
Ceramic Capacitor, Monolithic, 180 pF, 50V, 5%, C0G,
Radial 0.2"
EPCOS Inc.
B37979N5181J051
3
C1, C2, CCM
Ceramic Capacitor, 100 nF, 50V, 10%, X7R, 0805 SMD
Kemet
C0805C104K5RACTU
2
C3, C4
Ceramic Capacitor, 1.0 μF, 16V, 10%, X7R, 0805 SMD
Kemet
C0805C105K4RACTU
1
P1
Header, 1 × 14, 0.100" Pitch, Vertical, Gold
Molex/Waldom
Electronics
22-28-4143
1
P2
Header, 1 × 6, 0.100” Pitch, Right Angle, Gold
Molex/Waldom
Electronics
22-28-8062
1
JP1 – JP3
Header, 2 × 3, 0.100” Pitch, Vertical, Gold
Molex/Waldom
Electronics
10-89-1061
1
(for JP1 – JP3)
Shunt, 1 × 2, With Handle, Gold
AMP/Tyco
Electronics
881545-2
1
RA1
Chip Resistor, 1.00 Ω, 1/8W, 5%, 0805 SMD (Note 1)
Yageo America
RC0805FR-071RL
0
RA2, RA3
(not used; left open) (Note 1)
—
—
1
R5
Chip Resistor, 100 Ω, 1/8W, 1%, 0805 SMD
Yageo America
RC0805FR-07100RL
3
R2 – R4
Chip Resistor, 10.0 kΩ, 1/8W, 1%, 0805 SMD
Yageo America
RC0805FR-0710KL
2
RCM1, RCM2
Chip Resistor, 20.0 kΩ, 1/8W, 1%, 0805 SMD
Yageo America
RC0805FR-0720KL
1
RINT3
Chip Resistor, 66.5 kΩ, 1/8W, 1%, 0805 SMD
Yageo America
RC0805FR-0766K5L
1
RINT2
Chip Resistor, 665 kΩ, 1/8W, 1%, 0805 SMD
Yageo America
RC0805FR-07665KL
1
RINT1
Chip Resistor, 6.65 MΩ, 1/8W, 1%, 0805 SMD
Yageo America
RC0805FR-076M65L
5
TP1 – TP5
PCB Test Point, Compact, SMT
Keystone
Electronics
5016
1
U1
PIC16F690, PICmicro® Microcontroller, 20-pin, 20 MHz,
PDIP-20
Microchip
PIC16F690-I/P
1
U2
MCP6291, Single Op Amp, 10 MHz, VOS ≤ ±3 mV,
SOT-23-5
Microchip
MCP6291-E/OT
2
(for CSEN)
Pin Recepticle, 0.015” to 0.025” dia., 0.060” hole dia.
Mill-Max®
0669-0-15-15-30-27-10-0
1
(for U1)
IC Socket, 20-pin DIP, Gold Plated, 0.400"
Mill-Max®
110-13-420-41-001000
1
(for PCB mounting) Stand-off, Hex, 1.000”, 4 × 40 Thread, Nylon,
0.285” max. O.D
Keystone
Electronics
1902C
1
(for PCB mounting) Machine Screw, Phillips, 4 × 40 Thread, 1/4 in long, Nylon Digi-Key
H542-ND
1
PCB
—
Note 1:
Bare Printed Circuit Board
—
These resistors are intended for the “Reduced Current” circuit modifications detailed in Table B-3.
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 25
Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo Board User’s Guide
B.2
BOM FOR HUMIDITY SENSOR AND OTHER CAPACITORS IN BOX
Table B-2 lists capacitors included separately in the Humidity Sensor PICtail™ Demo
Board’s shipping box. These capacitors or the HS1101LF sensor will fit in the Csen pin
recepticles. The capacitors provide a means for quickly evaluating circuit operation.
TABLE B-2:
BILL OF MATERIALS FOR HUMIDITY SENSOR AND OTHER CAPACITORS
Qty Reference
1
Description
Manufacturer
Part Number
CSEN
Relative Humidity Sensor, Capacitive Cell, 180 pF, 5V,
1% to 99% RH, -40°C to +140°C
Humirel
HS1101LF
1
CSEN
Ceramic Capacitor, Monolithic, 100 pF, 50V, 5%, C0G, Radial 0.2"
EPCOS Inc.
B37979N5101J000
1
CSEN
Ceramic Capacitor, Monolithic, 1.0 nF, 50V, 5%, C0G, Radial 0.2"
EPCOS Inc.
B37979G5102J000
1
CSEN
Ceramic Capacitor, Monolithic, 100 nF, 50V, 10%, X7R, Radial 0.2"
EPCOS Inc.
B37987F5104K000
B.3
BOM FOR “REDUCED CURRENT” MODIFICATIONS
Table B-3 shows the components for the “Reduced Current” circuit modifications
discussed in application note AN1016 and Chapter 4. “Modified Circuit”.
TABLE B-3:
Qty
BILL OF MATERIALS FOR “REDUCED CURRENT” MODIFICATIONS
Reference
Description
Manufacturer
Part Number
2
RA2, RA3
Chip Resistor, 20.0 kΩ, 1/8W, 1%, 0805 SMD
Yageo America
RC0805FR-0720KL
1
RA1
Chip Resistor, 1.00 MΩ, 1/8W, 1%, 0805 SMD
Yageo America
RC0805FR-071ML
DS51594A-page 26
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
Bill Of Materials (BOM)
NOTES:
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51594A-page 27
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DS51594A-page 28
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.