UAA2016 D

UAA2016
Zero Voltage Switch
Power Controller
The UAA2016 is designed to drive triacs with the Zero Voltage
technique which allows RFI−free power regulation of resistive loads.
Operating directly on the AC power line, its main application is the
precision regulation of electrical heating systems such as panel heaters
or irons.
A built−in digital sawtooth waveform permits proportional
temperature regulation action over a ±1°C band around the set point.
For energy savings there is a programmable temperature reduction
function, and for security a sensor failsafe inhibits output pulses when
the sensor connection is broken. Preset temperature (i.e. defrost)
application is also possible. In applications where high hysteresis is
needed, its value can be adjusted up to 5°C around the set point. All
these features are implemented with a very low external component
count.
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ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCH
POWER CONTROLLER
MARKING
DIAGRAMS
PDIP−8
P SUFFIX
CASE 626
8
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1
Zero Voltage Switch for Triacs, up to 2.0 kW (MAC212A8)
Direct AC Line Operation
Proportional Regulation of Temperature over a 1°C Band
Programmable Temperature Reduction
Preset Temperature (i.e. Defrost)
Sensor Failsafe
Adjustable Hysteresis
Low External Component Count
Pb−Free Packages are Available
3
Sampling
Full Wave
Logic
+
−
Sense Input
+
Temperature
Reduction
+
+
4−Bit DAC
1
SOIC−8
D SUFFIX
CASE 751
2016x
ALYW
G
1
x
= A or D
A
= Assembly Location
WL, L = Wafer Lot
YY, Y
= Year
WW, W = Work Week
G, G
= Pb−Free Package
(Note: Microdot may be in either location)
6
Pulse
Amplifier
Output
7
Internal
Reference
1/2
+VCC
PIN CONNECTIONS
Vref 1
8
Sync
Hys. Adj. 2
7
VCC
Sensor 3
6
Output
Temp. Reduc. 4
5
VEE
Synchronization
2
Hysteresis
Adjust
8
8
UAA2016
Failsafe
4
UAA2016P
AWL
YYWWG
(Top View)
Supply
Voltage
11−Bit Counter
(Sawtooth
Generator)
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 9 of this data sheet.
1
Voltage
Reference
8
5
Sync
VEE
Figure 1. Representative Block Diagram
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2006
January, 2006 − Rev. 9
1
Publication Order Number:
UAA2016/D
UAA2016
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages referenced to Pin 7)
Rating
Supply Current (IPin 5)
(Pulse Width = 1.0 ms)
Symbol
Value
Unit
ICC
15
mA
ICCP
200
mA
AC Synchronization Current
Isync
3.0
mA
Pin Voltages
VPin 2
VPin 3
VPin 4
VPin 6
0; Vref
0; Vref
0; Vref
0; VEE
V
Vref Current Sink
IPin 1
1.0
mA
Output Current (Pin 6), (Pulse Width < 400 ms)
IO
150
mA
Power Dissipation
PD
625
mW
RqJA
100
°C/W
TA
− 20 to + 85
°C
Non−Repetitive Supply Current,
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Air
Operating Temperature Range
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit
values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied,
damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C, VEE = −7.0 V, voltages referred to Pin 7, unless otherwise noted.)
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Supply Current (Pins 6, 8 not connected), (TA = − 20° to + 85°C)
Characteristic
ICC
−
0.9
1.5
mA
Stabilized Supply Voltage (Pin 5), (ICC = 2.0 mA)
VEE
−10
−9.0
−8.0
V
Reference Voltage (Pin 1)
Vref
−6.5
−5.5
−4.5
V
Output Pulse Current (TA = − 20° to + 85°C), (Rout = 60 W, VEE = − 8.0 V)
IO
90
100
130
mA
Output Leakage Current (Vout = 0 V)
IOL
−
−
10
mA
Output Pulse Width (TA = − 20° to + 85°C) (Note 1), (Mains = 220 Vrms, Rsync = 220 kW)
TP
50
−
100
ms
Comparator Offset (Note 5)
Voff
−10
−
+10
mV
Sensor Input Bias Current
IIB
−
−
0.1
mA
Sawtooth Period (Note 2)
TS
−
40.96
−
sec
Sawtooth Amplitude (Note 6)
AS
50
70
90
mV
Temperature Reduction Voltage (Note 3), (Pin 4 Connected to VCC)
VTR
280
350
420
mV
Internal Hysteresis Voltage, (Pin 2 Not Connected)
VIH
−
10
−
mV
VH
280
350
420
mV
VFSth
180
−
300
mV
Additional Hysteresis (Note 4), (Pin 2 Connected to VCC)
Failsafe Threshold (TA = − 20° to + 85°C) (Note 7)
1. Output pulses are centered with respect to zero crossing point. Pulse width is adjusted by the value of Rsync. Refer to application curves.
2. The actual sawtooth period depends on the AC power line frequency. It is exactly 2048 times the corresponding period. For the 50 Hz case
it is 40.96 sec. For the 60 Hz case it is 34.13 sec. This is to comply with the European standard, namely that 2.0 kW loads cannot be connected
or removed from the line more than once every 30 sec. The inertia of most heating systems combined with the UAA2016 will comply with
the European Standard.
3. 350 mV corresponds to 5°C temperature reduction. This is tested at probe using internal test pad. Smaller temperature reduction can be
obtained by adding an external resistor between Pin 4 and VCC. Refer to application curves.
4. 350 mV corresponds to a hysteresis of 5°C. This is tested at probe using internal test pad. Smaller additional hysteresis can be obtained
by adding an external resistor between Pin 2 and VCC. Refer to application curves.
5. Parameter guaranteed but not tested. Worst case 10 mV corresponds to 0.15°C shift on set point.
6. Measured at probe by internal test pad. 70 mV corresponds to 1°C. Note that the proportional band is independent of the NTC value.
7. At very low temperature the NTC resistor increases quickly. This can cause the sensor input voltage to reach the failsafe threshold, thus inhibiting
output pulses; refer to application schematics. The corresponding temperature is the limit at which the circuit works in the typical application.
By setting this threshold at 0.05 Vref, the NTC value can increase up to 20 times its nominal value, thus the application works below − 20°C.
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2
UAA2016
S2
S1
RS
R2
R1
UAA2016
Failsafe
R3
3
Sense Input
NTC
4
Temp. Red.
−
+
+
MAC212A8
Sampling
Full Wave
Logic
+
Output
7
Internal
Reference
1/2
+
Rout
6
Pulse
Amplifier
220 Vac
Rdef
+VCC
CF
4−Bit DAC
2
Supply
Voltage
HysAdj
11−Bit Counter
Synchronization
Load
1
Vref
Sync
8
5
VEE
Rsync
RS
Figure 1. Application Schematic
APPLICATION INFORMATION
(For simplicity, the LED in series with Rout is omitted in
the following calculations.)
The load current is then:
I
Triac Choice and Rout Determination
Load
+ (Vrms
Ǹ2
sin(2pft)–V
)ńR
TM
L
where VTM is the maximum on state voltage of the triac, f is
the line frequency.
Depending on the power in the load, choose the triac that
has the lowest peak gate trigger current. This will limit the
output current of the UAA2016 and thus its power
consumption. Use Figure 4 to determine Rout according to
the triac maximum gate current (IGT) and the application
low temperature limit. For a 2.0 kW load at 220 Vrms, a good
triac choice is the ON Semiconductor MAC212A8. Its
maximum peak gate trigger current at 25°C is 50 mA.
For an application to work down to − 20°C, Rout should be
60 W. It is assumed that: IGT(T) = IGT(25°C) exp (−T/125)
with T in °C, which applies to the MAC212A8.
Set ILoad = ILatch for t = TP/2 to calculate TP.
Figures 6 and 7 give the value of TP which corresponds to
the higher of the values of IHold and ILatch, assuming that
VTM = 1.6 V. Figure 8 gives the Rsync that produces the
corresponding TP.
RSupply and Filter Capacitor
With the output current and the pulse width determined as
above, use Figures 9 and 10 to determine RSupply, assuming
that the sinking current at Vref pin (including NTC bridge
current) is less than 0.5 mA. Then use Figure 11 and 12 to
determine the filter capacitor (CF) according to the ripple
desired on supply voltage. The maximum ripple allowed is
1.0 V.
Output Pulse Width, Rsync
The pulse with TP is determined by the triac’s IHold, ILatch
together with the load value and working conditions
(frequency and voltage):
Given the RMS AC voltage and the load power, the load
value is:
Temperature Reduction Determined by R1
(Refer to Figures 13 and 14.)
RL = V2rms/POWER
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3
UAA2016
Overshoot
Proportional Band
Room
Temperature
T (°C)
Time (minutes, Typ.)
Time (minutes, Typ.)
Time (minutes, Typ.)
Time (minutes, Typ.)
Heating
Power
P(W)
Proportional Temperature Control
DReduced Overshoot
DGood Stability
ON/OFF Temperature Control
DLarge Overshoot
DMarginal Stability
Figure 2. Comparison Between Proportional Control and ON/OFF Control
TP is centered on the zero−crossing.
TP
AC Line
Waveform
IHold
ILatch
Gate Current
Pulse
T +
P
14xRsync ) 7
Vrms
f = AC Line Frequency (Hz)
Vrms = AC Line RMS Voltage (V)
Rsync = Synchronization Resistor (W)
10 5
Ǹ2 xpf
(μs)
Figure 3. Zero Voltage Technique
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4
UAA2016
CIRCUIT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Power Supply (Pin 5 and Pin 7)
Sawtooth Generator
The application uses a current source supplied by a single
high voltage rectifier in series with a power dropping
resistor. An integrated shunt regulator delivers a VEE
voltage of − 8.6 V with respect to Pin 7. The current used by
the total regulating system can be shared in four functional
blocks: IC supply, sensing bridge, triac gate firing pulses and
zener current. The integrated zener, as in any shunt
regulator, absorbs the excess supply current. The 50 Hz
pulsed supply current is smoothed by the large value
capacitor connected between Pins 5 and 7.
In order to comply with European norms, the ON/OFF
period on the load must exceed 30 seconds. This is achieved
by an internal digital sawtooth which performs the
proportional regulation without any additional components.
The sawtooth signal is added to the reference applied to the
comparator inverting input. Figure 2 shows the regulation
improvement using the proportional band action. Figure 4
displays a timing diagram of typical system performance
using the UAA2016. The internal sawtooth generator runs
at a typical 40.96 sec period. The output duty cycle drive
waveform is adjusted depending on the time within the
40.96 sec period the drive needs to turn on. This occurs when
the voltage on the sawtooth waveform is above the voltage
provided at the Sense Input.
Temperature Sensing (Pin 3)
The actual temperature is sensed by a negative
temperature coefficient element connected in a resistor
divider fashion. This two element network is connected
between the ground terminal Pin 5 and the reference voltage
− 5.5 V available on Pin 1. The resulting voltage, a function
of the measured temperature, is applied to Pin 3 and
internally compared to a control voltage whose value
depends on several elements: Sawtooth, Temperature
Reduction and Hysteresis Adjust. (Refer to Application
Information.)
Noise Immunity
The noisy environment requires good immunity. Both the
voltage reference and the comparator hysteresis minimize
the noise effect on the comparator input. In addition the
effective triac triggering is enabled every 1/3 sec.
Failsafe
Output pulses are inhibited by the “failsafe” circuit if the
comparator input voltage exceeds the specified threshold
voltage. This would occur if the temperature sensor circuit
is open.
Temperature Reduction
For energy saving, a remotely programmable temperature
reduction is available on Pin 4. The choice of resistor R1
connected between Pin 4 and VCC sets the temperature
reduction level.
Sampling Full Wave Logic
Two consecutive zero−crossing trigger pulses are
generated at every positive mains half−cycle. This ensures
that the number of delivered pulses is even in every case. The
pulse length is selectable by Rsync connected on Pin 8. The
pulse is centered on the zero−crossing mains waveform.
Comparator
When the noninverting input (Pin 3) receives a voltage
less than the internal reference value, the comparator allows
the triggering logic to deliver pulses to the triac gate. To
improve the noise immunity, the comparator has an
adjustable hysteresis. The external resistor R3 connected to
Pin 2 sets the hysteresis level. Setting Pin 2 open makes a
10 mV hysteresis level, corresponding to 0.15°C. Maximum
hysteresis is obtained by connecting Pin 2 to VCC. In that
case the level is set at 5°C. This configuration can be useful
for low temperature inertia systems.
Pulse Amplifier
The pulse amplifier circuit sinks current pulses from Pin
6 to VEE. The minimum amplitude is 70 mA. The triac is
then triggered in quadrants II and III. The effective output
current amplitude is given by the external resistor Rout.
Eventually, an LED can be inserted in series with the Triac
gate (see Figure 1).
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5
UAA2016
Triac On
Load Voltage
Triac Off
Output Pin
1/2 VCC
40.96 sec
From Temperature
Sensor (Sense Input)
Figure 4.
I Out(min) , MINIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
R out , OUTPUT RESISTOR (Ω )
200
180
160
140
120
TA = +10°C
TA = 0°C
100
80
TA = − 20°C
60
40
20
TA = −10°C
30
40
50
IGT, TRIAC GATE CURRENT SPECIFIED AT 25°C (mA)
60
100
80
60
40
TA = + 85°C
TA = − 20°C
20
0
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Rout, OUTPUT RESISTOR (W)
180
Figure 6. Minimum Output Current
versus Output Resistor
Figure 5. Output Resistor versus
Triac Gate Current
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6
200
UAA2016
120
F = 50 Hz
2.0 kW Loads
VTM = 1.6 V
TA = 25°C
100
TP, OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH (μ s)
TP, OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH (μ s)
120
80
110 Vrms
60
220 Vrms
40
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
ILatch(max), MAXIMUM TRIAC LATCH CURRENT (mA)
100
60
220 Vrms
400
F = 50 Hz
300
220 Vrms
200
0
20
110 Vrms
40
60
80
TP, OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH (ms)
100
C F(min), MINIMUM FILTER CAPACITOR (μ F)
R Supply , MAXIMUM SUPPLY RESISTOR (kΩ )
V = 110 Vrms
F = 50 Hz
25
TP = 50 ms
100 ms
10
150 ms
200 ms
0
25
50
75
IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
60
V = 220 Vrms
F = 50 Hz
50
TP = 50 ms
40
100 ms
150 ms
30
20
200 ms
0
25
50
75
IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
100
Figure 10. Maximum Supply
Resistor versus Output Current
30
15
10
20
30
40
50
ILatch(max), MAXIMUM TRIAC LATCH CURRENT (mA)
60
Figure 9. Synchronization Resistor
versus Output Pulse Width
20
0
Figure 8. Output Pulse Width versus
Maximum Triac Latch Current
R Supply , MAXIMUM SUPPLY RESISTOR (kΩ )
R sync , SYNCHRONIZATION RESISTOR (k Ω )
Figure 7. Output Pulse Width versus
Maximum Triac Latch Current
100
F = 50 Hz
1.0 kW Loads
VTM = 1.6 V
TA = 25°C
40
20
60
110 Vrms
80
100
90
Ripple = 1.0 Vp−p
F = 50 Hz
80
200 ms
70
150 ms
60
100 ms
50
TP = 50 ms
40
0
Figure 11. Maximum Supply Resistor
versus Output Current
20
40
60
IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
80
Figure 12. Minimum Filter Capacitor
versus Output Current
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7
100
180
Ripple = 0.5 Vp−p
F = 50 Hz
160
200 ms
140
150 ms
120
100 ms
100
TP = 50 ms
80
0
20
40
60
IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
80
7.0
TR , TEMPERATURE REDUCTION ( °C)
C F(min) , MINIMUM FILTER CAPACITOR (μ F
UAA2016
Setpoint = 20°C
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
10 kW NTC
1.0
100 kW NTC
0
100
0
4
6.0
R1 = 0
5.6
10 kW NTC
5.2
4.8
100 kW NTC
4.4
4.0
10
14
18
22
26
TS, TEMPERATURE SETPOINT (°C)
100 kW NTC
3
10 kW NTC
2
1
0
30
0
8
TDEF = 4°C
6
4
10 kW NTC
RDEF = 29 kW
2
100 kW NTC
RDEF = 310 kW
14
18
22
26
30
TS, TEMPERATURE SETPOINT (°C)
5
10
15
20
25
TDEF, PRESET TEMPERATURE (°C)
30
Figure 16. RDEF versus Preset Temperature
V H , COMPARATOR HYSTERESIS VOLTAGE (V)
( R S + R2 /(NOMINAL NTC VALUE) RATIO
Figure 15. Temperature Reduction versus
Temperature Setpoint
0
10
100
Figure 14. Temperature Reduction versus R1
RDEF /(NOMINAL NTC VALUE) RATIO
TR , TEMPERATURE REDUCTION ( °C)
Figure 13. Minimum Filter Capacitor
versus Output Current
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
80 90
R1, TEMPERATURE REDUCTION RESISTOR (kW)
34
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
Figure 17. RS + R2 versus Preset Setpoint
100
200
300
R3, HYSTERESIS ADJUST RESISTOR (kW)
400
Figure 18. Comparator Hysteresis versus R3
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8
UAA2016
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
Operating Temperature Range
UAA2016D
UAA2016DG
UAA2016AD
UAA2016ADG
TA = −20° to +85°C
UAA2016P
UAA2016PG
Package
Shipping †
SOIC−8
98 Units / Rail
SOIC−8
(Pb−Free)
98 Units / Rail
SOIC−8
98 Units / Rail
SOIC−8
(Pb−Free)
98 Units / Rail
PDIP−8
1000 Units / Rail
PDIP−8
(Pb−Free)
1000 Units / Rail
†For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging
Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
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9
UAA2016
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
PDIP−8
P SUFFIX
CASE 626−05
ISSUE L
8
NOTES:
1. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
2. PACKAGE CONTOUR OPTIONAL (ROUND OR
SQUARE CORNERS).
3. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
5
−B−
1
4
F
−A−
NOTE 2
L
C
J
−T−
N
SEATING
PLANE
D
H
M
K
G
0.13 (0.005)
M
T A
M
B
M
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10
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
9.40
10.16
6.10
6.60
3.94
4.45
0.38
0.51
1.02
1.78
2.54 BSC
0.76
1.27
0.20
0.30
2.92
3.43
7.62 BSC
−−−
10_
0.76
1.01
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.370
0.400
0.240
0.260
0.155
0.175
0.015
0.020
0.040
0.070
0.100 BSC
0.030
0.050
0.008
0.012
0.115
0.135
0.300 BSC
−−−
10_
0.030
0.040
UAA2016
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
SOIC−8
D SUFFIX
CASE 751−07
ISSUE AG
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL
IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
6. 751−01 THRU 751−06 ARE OBSOLETE. NEW
STANDARD IS 751−07.
−X−
A
8
5
S
B
1
0.25 (0.010)
M
Y
M
4
K
−Y−
G
C
N
DIM
A
B
C
D
G
H
J
K
M
N
S
X 45 _
SEATING
PLANE
−Z−
0.10 (0.004)
H
D
0.25 (0.010)
M
Z Y
S
X
M
J
S
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
1.52
0.060
7.0
0.275
4.0
0.155
0.6
0.024
1.270
0.050
SCALE 6:1
mm Ǔ
ǒinches
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering
details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and
Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
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11
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
4.80
5.00
3.80
4.00
1.35
1.75
0.33
0.51
1.27 BSC
0.10
0.25
0.19
0.25
0.40
1.27
0_
8 _
0.25
0.50
5.80
6.20
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.189
0.197
0.150
0.157
0.053
0.069
0.013
0.020
0.050 BSC
0.004
0.010
0.007
0.010
0.016
0.050
0 _
8 _
0.010
0.020
0.228
0.244
UAA2016
ON Semiconductor and
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability
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operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights
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Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/litorder
For additional information, please contact your
local Sales Representative.
UAA2016/D