LV8806QA Application Note

LV8806QA
Three-phase Sensor-less Motor
Driver IC
Application Note
http://onsemi.com
Overview
LV8806QA is a 3-phase sensor-less motor driver IC.
3-phase driver has inherently low power consumption and low vibration.
Sensor-less drive allows reduction of the complexity and size of the motor and control system.
This IC is suitable for use in products which require high reliability and long life such as note PC fans.
Functions
 Built-in current limit circuit utilizing a single external sense resistor.
 3-phase full-wave sensor-less driver
 Direct PWM input
 RD - rotor lock detection output signal pin
 FG – tachometer output signal pin
 Built-in lock protection and auto-recovery circuit
 Built-in TSD - thermal shutdown circuit
Application
laptop
LED cooling fan
Pin Assignment
Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2013
November, 2013
1/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Package Dimensions
2/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Mounting pad sketch
(Unit:mm)
Reference
Symbol
SSOP20J (225mil)
eE
e
b3
l1
Caution: The package dimension is a reference value, which is not a guaranteed value.
Block diagram
FG
10
FG
PWM
11
OSC
13
RD
9
RD
REFOSC
SENSORLESS
LOGIC
F/R
SWITCH
START
OSC
PRI
DRIVE
12
F/R
FIL
8
5
7
COMIN
4
SELECTOR
6
3
COM
2
VCC
UO
VO
COM
WO
CURR LIM
16
GND
14
TGND1
15
TGND2
1
RF
3/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings at Ta = 25C
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Ratings
Unit
VCC maximum supply voltage
VCC max
7
V
OUT pin maximum output current
IOUT max
0.7
A
OUT(VO, VO, WO) pin withstand voltage
VOUT max
7
V
FG output pin maximum sink current
IFG max
5
mA
FG output pin withstand voltage
VFG max
7
V
RD output pin maximum sink current
IRD max
5
mA
RD output pin withstand voltage
VRD max
7
V
Allowable power dissipation
Pd max
With specified board *1
Operating temperature
Topr
*2
Storage temperature
Tstg
800
mW
-40 to 95
C
-55 to 150
C
*1: With specified board: 50mm×50mm×1.6mm, grass epoxy board / single layer.
*2: Tjmax must not exceed 150C
Caution 1) Absolute maximum ratings represent the value which cannot be exceeded for any length of time.
Caution 2) Even when the device is used within the range of absolute maximum ratings, as a result of continuous usage under high temperature, high current,
high voltage, or drastic temperature change, the reliability of the IC may be degraded. Please contact us for the further details.
Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability.
4/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Specifications
Recommended Operating Conditions at Ta = 25C
Parameter
Symbol
VCC supply voltage
VCC
Operating VCC supply voltage range
VCC op
PWM input frequency range
fPWM
Conditions
Ratings
Unit
5.0
V
2.0 to 6.0
V
20 to 50
kHz
Electrical Characteristics at Ta  25C, VCC = 5.0V
Parameter
Circuit current
Symbol
Conditions
Ratings
min
typ
Unit
max
ICC1
PWM=5V
1.5
2.5
mA
ICC2
PWM=0V
10
50
µA
Ω
Output circuit
ON-resistance of high-side output transistor
RON(H)
IO=500mA
0.5
0.9
ON-resistance of low-side output transistor
RON(L)
IO=500mA
0.5
0.9
Ω
Sum of the ON-resistance of high/low-side
RON(H+L)
IO=500mA
1.0
1.8
Ω
OSC pin charge current
IOSCC
OSC=0V
-3.25
-2.50
-1.75
µA
OSC pin discharge current
IOSCD
OSC=1.2V
1.75
2.50
3.25
µA
OSC pin High level threshold voltage
VOSCTHH
1.0
1.1
1.2
V
OSC pin Low level threshold voltage
VOSCTHL
0.5
0.6
0.7
V
PWM pin High level input voltage
VPWMH
2.5
VCC
V
PWM pin Low level input voltage
VPWML
0
1.0
V
PWM pin current
IPWM
output transistor
Startup oscillation (OSC) pin
PWM input (PWM) pin
PWM pin=0V
-50
-10
µA
Forward/reverse switching (F/R) pin
F/R pin High level input voltage
VFRH
2.5
VCC
0
V
F/R pin Low level input voltage
VFRL
1.0
V
F/R pin current
IFR
FR pin=5V
10
50
µA
VFG
IFG=3mA
0.2
0.3
V
10
µA
0.2
0.3
V
10
µA
FG, RD output pin
FG pin Low level voltage
FG pin leakage current
IFG
VFG=7V
RD pin Low level voltage
VRD
IRD=3mA
RD pin leakage current
IRD
VRD=7V
VRF
Operating when RF=0.5Ω, IO=0.53A
Current limiter circuit
Limiter voltage
0.238
0.265
0.291
V
Lock protection circuit
Output ON-time
LT1
0.35
0.50
0.65
S
Output OFF-time
LT2
3.2
4.5
5.9
S
Output ON/OFF ratio
LRTO
LRTO=LT2/LT1
4.9
9.0
16.8
Operating temperature
TSD
*Design guarantee
150
180
C
Hysteresis width
TSD
*Design guarantee
30
C
Thermal shutdown circuit
*Design guarantee: This is a design target value, which will not be measured independently.
5/20
LV8806QA Application Note
5
High level threshold voltage
hysteresis width
2.5
4
2
3
1.5
PWM[V]
ICC[mA]
Low level threshold voltage
2
1
1
0.5
0
2
3
4
5
6
0
7
2
VCC[V]
Figure 1 Ciurcuit consumption cueernt
vs VCC
High level threshold voltage
Low level threshold voltage
4
6
VCC[V]
Figure 2 PWM pin input voltage
vs VCC
0.2
hysteresis width
3.0 FG L‐level[V]
PWM[V]
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.15
0.1
0.05
0.5 0
0.0 -40
0
10
60
110
Temperature[℃]
Figure 3 PWM pin input voltage
vs Temperature
2.0 1
2
3
4
Io[mA]
Figure 4 FG Low level voltage
vs FG current
High level threshold voltage
hysteresis width
5
Low level threshold voltage
2.5
2
1.5
1.0 UH+VL
VH+WL
0.5 UH+WL
WH+UL
FR[V]
Ron[Ω]
1.5 VH+UL
WH+VL
1
0.5
0.0 0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Io[A]
Figure 5 OUTFET on resistance
vs output current (Io)
High level threshold voltage
1
2
4
6
VCC[V]
Figure 6 FR pin Hi‐Lo level threshold voltage
vs VCC
Low level threshold voltage
0.275
hysteresis width
limiter voltage[V]
3.0 FR[V]
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.265
0.255
0.245
0.235
0.225
0.0 -40
10
60
110
Temperature[℃]
Figure 7 FR pin threshold voltage
vs Temperature
6
8
10
12
14
VCC[V]
Figure 8 RF pin limiter voltage
vs VCC
16
6/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Pin function
Pin No.
1
Symbol
RF
Function
Equivalent circuit
Output current detection pin. Drive current is
5
detectable with sense resistors connected to
GND.
2
UO
Output pin.
3
VO
Connected to motor coil.
4
WO
5
VCC
2
3
4
1
IC power supply pin and motor power supply pin.
A capacitor is connected between GND and this
pin.
6
COM
Connected to the neutral of the motor.
7
COMIN
Motor position detection comparator filter pin.
A capacitor is connected between FIL (PIN8) and
this pin.
8
FIL
UO
VO
WO
6
Motor position detection comparator filter pin.
A capacitor is connected between COMIN (PIN7)
7
and this pin.
9
RD
Motor lock detection output pin.
9 10
Outputs High when motor is locked.
10
FG
8
FG pulse output pin.
This pin outputs pulse equivalent to one Hall
sensor system pulse output.
11
PWM
PWM signal input pin.
VCC
The output transistor array is enabled/disabled by
this pin. The speed of the motor is proportional to
11
the Duty Cycle of this pin.
Pin has internal pull-ups and constantly enables
the output array at 100% duty cycle if open.
12
F/R
Switches motor rotation direction.
High level voltage input: U→W→V,
VCC
Reverse signal
Low level voltage input: U→V→W.
Current flow into the motor according to the above
Forward/Reverse
Switching signal
12
order.
Forward signal
Motor rotates reversely when the order of
energization is changed.
13
OSC
Motor start-up frequency setting pin.
VCC
A capacitor is connected between this pin and
GND.
The start-up frequency is adjustable with a
capacitor and charge/discharge current (2.5µA).
14
TGND2
15
TGND1
16
GND
13
GND pin of the IC
7/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Application Circuit Example
(1)Application to Y-Connector Motor
(2)Application to Delta-Connector Motor
VCC
VCC
*2
*2
VCC
VCC
UO
UO
VO
PWM
*6
PWM
VO
WO
PWM
*6
PWM
WO
COM
COM
VCC
COMIN
F/R
*3
*8
VCC
*8
COMIN
RD
F/R
*3
*6
FG
*6
FG
RD
RF
*5
TGND1 TGND2 GND
*1
*4
OSC
*7
*8
*8
FIL
RD
OSC
*7
FIL
FG
*4
*7
RF
*6
FG
*6
RD
*5
TGND1 TGND2 GND
*1
*1. [Connection of power supply and GND]
GND is connected to the power supply line of control circuit.
*2. [Power supply stabilizer capacitor]
The power supply stabilizer capacitor needs to be 4.7µA or higher. Connect VCC and GND as wide and short as possible. If the
supply voltage increases due to the kickback of coil as a result of using reverse connection protector diode, make sure to connect
Zener diode between the power supply and GND.
LV8806QA uses synchronous rectification for high efficiency drive. Synchronous rectification is effective for heat reduction and
higher efficiency. However, it may increase supply voltage under the following conditions:
*When output duty is reduced rapidly.
*PWM input frequency is low.
If the supply voltage shall increase, make sure that it does not exceed the maximum ratings with the following measures:
*Select an optimal capacitor between power supply and GND.
*Insert a zener diode between power supply and GND.
*3. [COMIN and FIL]
COMIN and FIL are the filter capacitor connection pins. LV8806QA detects the position of rotor using BEMF signal generated
during motor rotation. Based on the information, current-carrying timing of the output is determined. By inserting a filter
capacitor of about 1000 to 10000pF (recommendation) between COMIN and FIL, start-up failure caused by noise is alleviated.
However, if the capacitance is too high, timing of current-carrying for output may be delayed during high-speed rotation and
efficiency may be degraded.
Make sure that the filter capacitor is connected between COMIN and FIL as short as possible to avoid influence of noise.
*4. [OSC]
Capacitor connection pin for setting boot frequency.
Make sure to connect a capacitor of 500pF to 2200pF (recommendation) between this pin and GND. The capacitor is required to
determine boot frequency to start motor.
How to define capacitance:
The capacitance should allow the shortest boot time for the target rotation count and less variation. The higher the capacitance is,
the more likely the variation occurs in boot time. On the other hand, the lower the capacitance is, the more likely an idling occurs.
Since an optimum value for OSC pin constant varies depends on motor characteristics and boot current, make sure to confirm the
constant when motor or circuit specification are changed.
8/20
LV8806QA Application Note
*5. [RF]
Current limit setting pin.
When a pin voltage exceeds 0.265V, current limiter operates and the mode shifts to regeneration mode.
The calculation formula is as follows.
RF resistance value = 0.265V / desired current limit value
*6. [Pin protection resistor]
It is recommended that resistors higher than 1kΩ are connected serially to protect pins against misconnection such as GND open
and reverse connection.
*7. [Resistor for pseudo midpoint]
Delta connector motor does not have midpoint. Therefore, we need to create a pseudo midpoint by external resistor. Please note
that the amplitude of BEMF signal generated during motor rotation varies depends on motor types. Some motors require the
external pseudo midpoint and others do not.
*8. [FG, RD pull-up resistor]
Since FG and RD are open-drain output, make sure to use pull-up resistors.
It is recommended that the pull-up resistor is approximately 10kΩ.
9/20
LV8806QA Application Note
1. Operation overview
LV8806 is a PWM three-phase sensorless motor driver.
In the sensorless drive, the timing of motor commutation switch is determined by comparing the back EMF
(BEMF) generated by the motor and the voltage of CON pin or Motor Neutral.
After power activation, supplying a PWM signal to the PWMIN pin will enable output voltage to the motor
coil.
・The FG signal is proportional to motor rotation and can be used for velocity control.
・RD Output is fixed high when motor is locked up and it is fixed low while motor is rotating.
・Speed of motor rotation is controlled by changing PWM signal frequency on the PWMIN pin.
Soft-switch area
Fig. OUT pin wave patterns image.
10/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Output waveform
Full speed drive（PWM100％）
The waveform of output voltage of UOUT pin and FG pin are as follows. This graph shows the waveform
when motor is driven at full speed.
The waveforms of output voltages for UOUT, VOUT and WOUT are the same.
UOUT 2V/div
1ms/div
Soft-switching area
UOUT 2V/div
UOUT 2V/div
50us/div
UOUT 2V/div
20us/div
50us/div
UOUT 2V/div
20us/div
There are soft switching zone in UOUT signal that help smooth out the motor coil current and reduces
physical noise in the motor.
PWM drive
UOUT 2V/div
2ms/div
The waveform of output voltage of UOUT pin and FG pin are as shown above.
PWM area
UOUT 2V/div
1ms/div
There are soft switching zones and PWM zones in UOUT signal.
11/20
LV8806QA Application Note
2. Sensor less control
LV8806 is a sensorless motor driver which detects the back EMF (BEMF) signal during motor rotation to
detect rotor position. According to the detected rotor position, a specified output transistor turns on or off,
which enables motor rotation.
When starting up a motor, it is impossible to detect the rotor position at very low RPM as the BEMF signal
amplitude is too low. Therefore the motor starts by cycling the output with a fixed frequency determined by
a capacitor between the OSC pin and GND in startup mode. After startup, a rotor position is detected by
the back EMF signal and the controller will transition into a drive mode.
Principle for Motor starting operation
Switching pattern of output transistor during motor start up
1
2
3
4
5
6
Phase-U
Phase-V
Phase-U
Detection
point
Phase-W
Detection
point
Phase-V
Detection
point
Phase-U
Detection
point
Phase-W
Detection
point
Phase-V
Detection
point
Phase-W
* M: output Tr OFF
H: upper output Tr ON
L: lower output Tr ON
The transition timing varies depending on specific motor types so it is necessary to set up an optimum
OSC capacitor for the motor. (Refer to “Start up pin setting”)
12/20
LV8806QA Application Note
3. Startup pin setup
In order to adjust startup characteristics of the motor, it is necessary to set OSC pin (OSC-GND capacitor)
and COMIN pin FIL pin (COMIN-FIL capacitor) with optimal capacitances.
The best capacitance depends on motor type and condition (power supply, coil current, number of
rotation). Hence be sure to make an adjustment for each motor type.
3.1 OSC-GND capacitance setup
(Recommendation value 470pF - 2200pF)
Startup frequency is defined by OSC capacitance.
The formula for obtaining OSC frequency is as follows.
Fosc =
Toscc =
Toscd =
1
Toscc+Toscd
(Vosch-Voscｌ)×Cosc
Ioscc
(Vosch-Voscｌ)×Cosc
Ioscd
OSC pin frequency：Fosc
OSC capacitor charge time：Toscc
OSC capacitor discharge time：Toscd
OSC capacitance：Cosc
OSC pin high-level voltage：Vosch=1.1V(TYP)
OSC pin low-level voltage：Voscl=0.6V(TYP)
OSC pin charge current：Ioscc
OSC pin discharge current：Ioscd
I In general a low capacitance tends to be used if the motor runs at a high speed and a higher capacitance is
used if the motor runs at lower speeds.
Use a lower capacitance when:
・Startup is slow and fails.
・Startup time varies widely.
Example) fan motor startup test of LV8805
Condition:
Vcc＝12V
Goal number of revolutions=4500 rpm
COMIN-FIL capacitance =2200 pF
Test count=100 times
OSC capacitance=1500 pF/3300 pF
When a capacitance of COS is not optimum:
When a capacitance of COS is optimum:
COS capacitance =1500pF
80
69
70
N[times]
25
50
40
30
21
20
starting time[sec]
0
1.66-1.68
1
1.64-1.66
1.62-1.64
6
4
1.60-1.62
1
1.58-1.60
0
0
1.54-1.56
0
1.52-1.54
10
0
1.66-1.68
1.62-1.64
1.60-1.62
2
1.64-1.66
4
1.58-1.60
0
1.56-1.58
0
1.54-1.56
10
1.56-1.58
20
1.52-1.54
N[times]
40
0
3σ=0.0611277
average time=1.58371
60
50
30
67
70
3σ=0.0307372
average time=1.57888
60
COS capacitance =3300pF
80
starting time[sec]
Fig. Startup test of a fan motor using LV8805
13/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Use a higher capacitance if:
・Startup fails a Beat lock* occurs.
500us/div
FG [V]
IOUT [A]
UOUT [V]
Fig. The output waveform with beat lock
Select a capacitance value that allows the shortest possible startup time to achieve target speed and
minimal variations in startup time.
The optimum OSC constant depends on the motor characteristics and startup current, so be sure to
recheck them when either motor or circuit specifications are changed.
(* Refer to “3 Beat lock”)
3.2 COMIN-FIL capacitance setup
(Recommendation value: 1000pF ~ 10nF)
Compare the back EMF signal from motor and the voltage of CON pin (motor neutral) to detect the rotor
position. The timing of motor commutation is determined by the detected rotor position.
Insert a filter capacitor between the COMIN pin and FIL pin to prevent startup failure caused by noise.
●When a capacitance is high and:
・The commutation time is slow during motor rotation.  Driving efficiency falls.
1ms/div
The width of this zone
fluctuates.
UOUT [V]
Repeat
The waveform of motor
current is distorted.
IOUT [A]
Fig. normal waveform
Fig. waveform when FIL-COMIN capacitance is too large.
◎If such behavior is witnessed, use a lower capacitor.
●When a capacitance is low and:
・Beat lock* occurs.
◎If such behavior is witnessed, use a higher capacitor.
A capacitor is selected by checking the intended motor type. Run the motor to see whether there is any issue
with startup.
(* Refer to 3.3 Beat lock on next page.)
14/20
LV8806QA Application Note
3.3 Beat lock
Beat lock may occur when a motor is stopped abruptly during motor operation or OSC capacitor is too
low.
Output waveform under the influence of beat lock is as shown below.
2ms/div
500us/div
FG 5V/div
FG 5V/div
IOUT 0.5A/div
UOUT 5V/div
IOUT 0.5A/div
UOUT 5V/div
Beat lock
Motor stop
Fig. The beat lock caused by a motor quick stop
Fig. The beat lock weave form.
{Behavior}
・There is intense switching sound from transistor and then the motor stops.
・Waveform of OUT pin and FG pin shows the influence of noise.
・Motor cannot restart automatically after motor rotation stops.
Countermeasures:
1) False detection of the internal comparator is prevented by adjusting a capacitor between COMIN and
FIL. Basically, the number of false detections by the internal comparator decreases with a higher
capacitor between COMIN and FIL.
However, care must be taken since excessively high capacitance will give rise to deterioration in
efficiency and delays in the output power-on timing when the motor is intended to run at high speed.
2) Increase the OSC capacitance. By doing so, OSC frequency decreases, which prevents false
detection by the internal comparator due to delay in the output power-on timing. Consequently, beat lock
is prevented.
If motor type is changed, test the motor startup behavior again.
15/20
LV8806QA Application Note
4. input signal condition of PWM pin
LV8806 is a direct PWM signal input system for speed control.
Recommendation Condition
High-level input voltage :
5 [V]
Low-level input voltage :
0 [V]
PWM frequency range :
20k-50k [Hz]
*Caution: The minimum pulse width of PWM signal is 0.2u [sec](= duty of 1% at 50k [Hz])
5. Other protection circuits
5.1 Current limier
Current limiter is configured by adjusting the resistance between RF and GND.
When the pin voltage exceeds 0.265V, the current is limited, and regeneration mode is set. In the
application circuit, the current limit setting voltage is 0.265V; therefore the current limit operates at 1A.
The calculation formula is given below.
(RF resistance) = 0.265V / (target current limit value)
Current limit driving
OUT 5V/div
FG 5V/div
IOUT 0.2A/div
Red-circled IOUT is the current limited area.
5.2 Thermal protection circuit
LV8806 integrates thermal protection circuit. When Junction temperature, Tj exceeds 180oC, output
transistor turns off.
16/20
LV8806QA Application Note
6. Evaluation board manual
IC1:
LV8806QA
Figure 1. Setup for motor control
Board version code
Daughter Board
IC2:
Level shifter
With the Daughter Board plugged into USB
Without the Daughter Board
Figure 2. Bottom view of the Evaluation Board
Controller
Tachometer
Graph
Figure3. Images of GUI
17/20
LV8806QA Application Note
Bill of Materials for LV8806QA Evaluation Board
Designator
Quantity
Description
Value
Tolerance
Manufacturer Part Number
Substitution
Allowed
Footprint
Manufacturer
Lead Free
LV8806QA
No
Yes
MC14504B
No
Yes
IC1
1
Motor Driver
UQFN16(2.6*2.6)
ON semiconductor
(SANYO)
IC2
1
Level Shifter
TSSOP16
ON semiconductor
IC3
1
MOSFET
CPH3
ON semiconductor
(SANYO)
CPH3350
No
Yes
R1
2
Thick film Resistor
1Ω, 0.25W
±5%
2012(0805Inch)
Rohm
MCR10EZHFL1R00
Yes
Yes
R2,4,6,7
4
Thick film Resistor
100Ω, 0.1W
±5%
1608(0603Inch)
Koa
RK73B1JT101J
Yes
Yes
R3,5
2
Thick film Resistor
10kΩ, 0.1W
±5%
1608(0603Inch)
Koa
RK73B1JT103J
Yes
Yes
C1
1
Ceramic multilayer Capacitor
4.7µF, 25V
±10%
3216(1206Inch)
Murata
GRM319B31E475KA75
Yes
Yes
C2
1
Ceramic multilayer Capacitor
2200pF, 50V
±10%
1608(0603Inch)
Murata
GRM188B11H222KA01
Yes
Yes
C3
1
Ceramic multilayer Capacitor
1000pF, 50V
±10%
1608(0603Inch)
Murata
GRM1882C1H102JA01
Yes
Yes
C4,5
2
Ceramic multilayer Capacitor
1µF, 25V
±10%
1608(0603Inch)
Murata
GRM188B31E105KA75
Yes
Yes
Daughter
Board
1
Interface board
ON semiconductor
(SANYO)
No
Yes
CN-A1,A2,B
3
Female Socket
MAC8
PM-61
Yes
Yes
CON_M
1
Socket to Motor
JST
MPT 0.5/4-2.54
No
Yes
P1-9
1
Test Point
MAC8
ST-1-3
18/20
VCC
VDD
Bout
MODE
Aout
Bin
Eout
Fout
Cout
Ein
Ain
Cin
Dout
Fin
VSS
Din
FIL
COMIN
COM
VCC
Daughter Board
To Motor Connector
OSC
TGND1
TGND2
GND
LV8806QA Application Note
Evaluation board circuit diagram
19/20
LV8806QA Application Note
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