NSC CS9211

Geode™ CS9211 Graphics Companion
Flat Panel Display Controller
General Description
The National Semiconductor® Geode™ CS9211 graphics
companion is suitable for systems that use any GX-series
processor (e.g., GX1, GXLV, GXm) along with the
CS5530A I/O companion, also members of the Geode family of products.
The CS9211 converts the digital pixel stream output of the
CS5530A to the digital RGB inputs used by standard single
and dual-scan STN LCD display panels. Support is provided for both color and monochrome dual-scan STN
(DSTN) flat panels up to 1024x768 resolution, and for color
single-scan panels up to 640x480 resolution.
The typical system connection shows how to connect the
CS9211 with other system components. Note that the
external frame buffer is only required for DSTN panels.
■ Fast display refresh rate, up to 120 Hz for DSTN panels,
achieved by writing both panel halves simultaneously.
■ 16- or 24-bit dual-scan color STN (DSTN) support.
■ 8- or 16-bit dual-scan monochrome STN (DSTN)
support.
■ 8-bit single-scan color STN (SSTN) panel support.
■ TFT panel support provided via pass-through mode.
■ 9-, 12- or 18-bit TFT support.
■ 9+9 or 12+12-bit, 2 pixels per clock TFT panel support.
■ Frame rate modulation (FRM) allows up to 32 shades of
gray (intensities) for each primary color (R,G,B) with no
loss of spatial resolution.
■ Proprietary dithering algorithm allows display of addi-
Features
tional colors for a maximum of 262,144 colors.
■ Supports most SVGA DSTN panels and the VESA FPDI
■ Programmable control of input and output sync pulse
(Flat Panel Display Interface) Revision 1.0 Specification.
widths, delays, and polarities allows interfaces to many
panel types.
■ Directly interfaces to panels; no external drivers needed
(excluding backlight inverter).
■ Programmable panel power sequence controls.
■ Supports 18-bit color pixel input data stream in 6:6:6
■ Built-in memory controller supports either SDRAM or
format, for a maximum display of 262,144 colors.
EDO memory for the DSTN frame buffer.
■ Supports up to 65 MHz pixel clock (DOTCLK).
■ Configuration via a serial programming interface.
■ Supports resolutions up to 1024x768 pixels.
■ Low-power, 3.3V operation.
■ 144-pin LQFP (Low-profile Quad Flat Pack).
Typical System Connection
18
Pixel Data
Pixel Port
Geode™
GX-Series
Processor
Geode™
CS5530A
I/O Companion
Video Port (YUV)
8
Timing Control
18
4
Serial Configuration 4
Geode™
CS9211
Graphics
Companion
16
Data
Panel Data
24
Panel Timing
4
Power Control
3
LCD Panel
(TFT, DSTN,
or SSTN)
21
Address & Control
DRAM/SDRAM
(External Frame Buffer)
National Semiconductor is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
Geode is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
For a complete listing of National Semiconductor trademarks, please visit www.national.com/trademarks.
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation
www.national.com
Geode™ CS9211 Graphics Companion Flat Panel Display Controller
October 2000
Revision 2.1
Geode™ CS9211
Table of Contents
1.0
2.0
Architecture Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Signal Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1
2.2
3.0
PIN ASSIGNMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.1
Pixel Port Interface Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.2
Serial Interface Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.3
Flat Panel Interface Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.4
Memory Interface Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.5
Reset, Crystal, and GPIO Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.6
National Semiconductor Internal Test Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.7
Power and Ground Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1
3.2
SYSTEM INTERCONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.1
CS550A Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.2
Panel Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.3
Memory Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.4
Crystal Oscillator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.1
Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2
3.2.2
Mode Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.2
3.2.2.3
3.2.3
Write Transfer Sequence (52 clocks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Read Transfer Sequence (56 clocks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
TFT Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
STN Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Output Data Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Timing Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.3.1
3.2.3.2
Input Timing Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Output Timing Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2.4
Frame Rate Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.5
3.2.6
FRM Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Dithering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.2.4.1
3.2.6.1
3.2.6.2
3.2.6.3
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.9
3.2.10
3.2.11
3.2.12
Removal of Flickering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Theory Of Dithering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Pre-Programmed Dither Patterns (ROM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Controlling Dithering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
User-defined Dither Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
CRC Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Simultaneous Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Maximum Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Memory Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Power Sequence Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2.12.1 External Power Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2.12.2 Internal Power Sequencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2.13
4.0
General Purpose I/O Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Register Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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2
Revision 2.1
5.0
Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
6.0
TEST MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.1.1
NAND Tree Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
OPERATING CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
DC CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
AC CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.5.1
Pixel Port Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.5.2
Serial Interface Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.5.3
Flat Panel Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.5.4
Memory Interface Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.5.5
Panel Timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Mechanical Package Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Appendix A
A.1
Revision 2.1
Support Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
REVISION HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3
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Geode™ CS9211
Table of Contents (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
1.0
Architecture Overview
• DSTN Timing Generator
The major functional blocks, as shown in Figure 1-1, of the
CS9211 graphics companion flat panel display controller:
• Panel Interface
• Serial Interface
• Frame Accelerator
• Dither Engine
• CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Check) Engine
• Frame Rate Modulator (FRM)
• SDRAM/DRAM Interface Controller
• Control Registers
Serial
Configuration
4
Serial Interface
24
Control Registers
CRC
Engine
18
Pixel
Data
18
18
Dither
Engine
4
Panel
Data
7
Panel
Control
Frame Rate
Modulator
Panel
Interface
6
Pixel
Control
24
DSTN Timing
Generator
Frame
Accelerator
6
SDRAM/DRAM
Interface Controller
37
SDRAM/DRAM
Figure 1-1. Internal Block Diagram
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4
Revision 2.1
Signal Definitions
This section defines the signals and external interface of
the CS9211. Figure 2-1 shows the pins organized by their
functional groupings (internal test and electrical pins are
not shown).
2.1
Table 2-1. Pin Type Definitions
Mnemonic
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
Definition
I
Standard input pin
I/O
Bidirectional pin
O
Totem-pole output
The tables in this section use several common abbreviations. Table 2-1 lists the mnemonics and their meanings.
OD
Figure 2-2 shows the pin assignment for the CS9211 with
Tables 2-2 and 2-3 listing the pin assignments sorted by pin
number and alphabetically by signal name, respectively.
Open-drain output structure that allows
multiple devices to share the pin in a
wired-OR configuration
PU
Pull-up resistor
In Section 2.2 "Signal Descriptions" on page 9 a description of each signal within its associated functional group is
provided.
Pixel Port
Interface
RED[5:0]
GREEN[5:0]
BLUE[5:0]
ENA_DISP
ENA_VDDIN
ENA_LCDIN
DOTCLK
FP_HSYNC
FP_VSYNC
Serial
Interface
SCLK
SDIN
SCS
SDO
Flat Panel
Interface
LDE
LP/HSYNC
SHFCLK
FLM/VSYNC
UD[11:0]
LD[11:0]
DISPOFF#
FP_VDDEN
FP_VCONEN
PD
Pull-down resistor
smt
Schmitt Trigger
t/s
TRI-STATE signal
VDD (PWR)
Power pin
VSS (GND)
Ground pin
#
The "#" symbol at the end of a signal
name indicates that the active, or
asserted state occurs when the signal
is at a low voltage level. When "#" is
not present after the signal name, the
signal is asserted when at the a high
voltage level.
Geode™
CS9211
Graphics
Companion
MA[10:0]
MD[15:0]
DQMH
DQML
OE#/BA
WE#
CASH#
CAS#/CASL#
RAS#
MCLK
CKE
CS#
RESET#
XTALIN
XTALOUT
GPIO0-GPIO7
Memory
Interface
Reset,
Crystal,
and
GPIOs
Figure 2-1. Signal Groups
Revision 2.1
5
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Geode™ CS9211
2.0
VDD
MA2
MA3
MA4
MA5
MA6
MA1
MA7
MA0
MA10
MA8
OE#/BA
MA9
CS#
RAS#
CKE
VSS
CAS#/CASL#
VSSIO
VDDIO
CASH#
MCLK
WE#
DQMH
DQML
MD7
MD8
MD6
MD9
MD5
MD10
MD4
MD11
MD3
MD12
VSSIO
144
143
142
141
140
139
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
131
130
129
128
127
126
125
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Geode™ CS9211
Graphics Companion
Top View
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
VDDIO
MD2
MD13
MD1
MD14
MD0
MD15
ENA_LCDIN
GREEN5
FP_VSYNC
GREEN4
FP_HSYNC
RED5
ENA_DISP
GREEN3
GREEN0
GREEN1
VDDIO
VSSIO
VSS
BLUE5
GREEN2
RED4
RED3
BLUE4
BLUE2
BLUE1
BLUE3
BLUE0
RED1
RED2
ENA_VDDIN
RED0
DOTCLK
NC
VDD
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
VDDIO
VSSIO
UD11
UD10
UD9
UD8
UD7
UD6
UD5
UD4
UD3
UD2
UD1
UD0
LD11
LD10
VDDIO
VSSIO
VSS
LD9
LD8
LD7
LD6
LD5
LD4
LD3
LD2
LD1
LD0
SHFCLK
LP/HSYNC
LDE
FLM/VSYNC
FP_VDDEN
FP_VCONEN
VDD
VDDIO
VSSIO
DISPOFF#
SCLK
SDIN
SDO
SCS
RESET#
MBIST_EN
SCAN_EN
TEST_SE
XTALIN
XTALOUT
NC
NC
NC
NC
VSS
VDDIO
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
GPIO7
GPIO6
GPIO5
GPIO4
GPIO3
GPIO2
GPIO1
GPIO0
VSSIO
VDDIO
Geode™ CS9211
Signal Definitions (Continued)
Figure 2-2. 144-Pin LQFP Pin Assignment Diagram Order Number: CS9211-VNG
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6
Revision 2.1
Table 2-2. Pin Assignments - Sorted by Pin Number
Pin
No.
Signal Name
Type
Drive
(mA)
Pin
No.
Signal Name
Type
Drive
(mA)
Pin
No.
Signal Name
Type
Drive
(mA)
1
VDDIO
PWR
--
49
XTALOUT
O
--
97
FP_HSYNC
I
--
2
VSSIO
GND
--
3
UD11
O
8
50
NC
--
--
98
GREEN4
I
--
51
NC
--
--
99
FP_VSYNC
I
4
UD10
O
--
8
52
NC
--
--
100
GREEN5
I
--
5
UD9
O
8
53
NC
--
--
101
ENA_LCDIN
I
--
6
7
UD8
O
8
54
VSS
GND
--
102
MD15
I/O
8
UD7
O
8
55
VDDIO
PWR
--
103
MD0
I/O
8
8
UD6
O
8
56
NC
--
--
104
MD14
I/O
8
9
UD5
O
8
57
NC
--
--
105
MD1
I/O
8
10
UD4
O
8
58
NC
--
--
106
MD13
I/O
8
11
UD3
O
8
59
NC
--
--
107
MD2
I/O
8
12
UD2
O
8
60
NC
--
--
108
VDDIO
PWR
--
13
UD1
O
8
61
NC
--
--
109
VSSIO
GND
--
14
UD0
O
8
62
NC
--
--
110
MD12
I/O
8
15
LD11
O
8
63
GPIO7
I/O
4
111
MD3
I/O
8
16
LD10
O
8
64
GPIO6
I/O
4
112
MD11
I/O
8
17
VDDIO
PWR
--
65
GPIO5
I/O
4
113
MD4
I/O
8
18
VSSIO
GND
--
66
GPIO4
I/O
4
114
MD10
I/O
8
19
VSS
GND
--
67
GPIO3
I/O
4
115
MD5
I/O
8
20
LD9
O
8
68
GPIO2
I/O
4
116
MD9
I/O
8
21
LD8
O
8
69
GPIO1
I/O
4
117
MD6
I/O
8
22
LD7
O
8
70
GPIO0
I/O
4
118
MD8
I/O
8
23
LD6
O
8
71
VSSIO
GND
--
119
MD7
I/O
8
24
LD5
O
8
72
VDDIO
PWR
--
120
DQML
O
8
25
LD4
O
8
73
VDD
PWR
--
121
DQMH
O
8
26
LD3
O
8
74
NC
--
--
122
WE#
O
8
27
LD2
O
8
75
DOTCLK
I
--
123
MCLK
O
12
28
LD1
O
8
76
RED0
I
--
124
CASH#
O
8
29
LD0
O
8
77
ENA_VDDIN
I
--
125
VDDIO
PWR
--
30
SHFCLK
O
12
78
RED2
I
--
126
VSSIO
GND
--
31
LP/HSYNC
O
8
79
RED1
I
--
127
CAS#/CASL#
32
LDE
O
8
80
BLUE0
I
--
128
33
FLM/VSYNC
O
8
81
BLUE3
I
--
34
FP_VDDEN
O
8
82
BLUE1
I
35
FP_VCONEN
O
8
83
BLUE2
I
36
VDD
PWR
--
84
BLUE4
37
VDDIO
PWR
--
85
RED3
38
VSSIO
GND
--
86
39
DISPOFF#
O
8
87
40
SCLK
I
--
88
BLUE5
41
SDIN
I
--
89
VSS
42
SDO
O
8
90
VSSIO
43
SCS
I
--
91
VDDIO
44
RESET#
I
--
92
GREEN1
45
MBIST_EN
I
--
93
GREEN0
46
SCAN_EN
I
--
94
GREEN3
47
TEST_SE
I
--
95
ENA_DISP
48
XTALIN
I
--
96
RED5
I
Revision 2.1
O
8
VSS
GND
--
129
CKE
O
8
--
130
RAS#
O
8
--
131
CS#
O
8
I
--
132
MA9
O
8
I
--
133
OE#/BA
O
8
RED4
I
--
134
MA8
O
8
GREEN2
I
--
135
MA10
O
8
I
--
136
MA0
O
8
GND
--
137
MA7
O
8
GND
--
138
MA1
O
8
PWR
--
139
MA6
O
8
I
--
140
MA5
O
8
I
--
141
MA4
O
8
I
--
142
MA3
O
8
I
--
143
MA2
O
8
--
144
VDD
PWR
--
7
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Geode™ CS9211
Signal Definitions (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Signal Definitions (Continued)
Table 2-3. Pin Assignments - Sorted Alphabetically by Signal Name
Type
Drive
(mA)
Pin
No.
Signal Name
Type
Drive
(mA)
Pin
No.
Signal Name
BLUE0
I
--
80
LDE
O
8
32
BLUE1
I
--
BLUE2
I
--
82
LP/HSYNC
O
8
83
MA0
O
8
BLUE3
I
--
81
MA1
O
8
BLUE4
I
--
84
MA2
O
BLUE5
I
--
88
MA3
CAS#/CASL#
O
8
127
MA4
CASH#
O
8
124
CKE
O
8
Signal Name
Type
Drive
(mA)
Pin
No.
RED3
I
--
85
31
RED4
I
--
86
136
RED5
I
--
96
138
RESET#
I
--
44
8
143
SCAN_EN
I
--
46
O
8
142
SCLK
I
--
40
O
8
141
SCS
I
--
43
MA5
O
8
140
SDIN
I
--
41
129
MA6
O
8
139
SDO
O
8
42
30
CS#
O
8
131
MA7
O
8
137
SHFCLK
O
12
DISPOFF#
O
8
39
MA8
O
8
134
TEST_SE
I
--
47
DOTCLK
I
--
75
MA9
O
8
132
UD0
O
8
14
DQMH
O
8
121
MA10
O
8
135
UD1
O
8
13
DQML
O
8
120
MBIST_EN
I
--
45
UD2
O
8
12
ENA_DISP
I
--
95
MCLK
O
12
123
UD3
O
8
11
ENA_LCDIN
I
--
101
MD0
I/O
8
103
UD4
O
8
10
ENA_VDDIN
I
--
77
MD1
I/O
8
105
UD5
O
8
9
FLM/VSYNC
O
8
33
MD2
I/O
8
107
UD6
O
8
8
FP_HSYNC
I
--
97
MD3
I/O
8
111
UD7
O
8
7
FP_VCONEN
O
8
35
MD4
I/O
8
113
UD8
O
8
6
FP_VDDEN
O
8
34
MD5
I/O
8
115
UD9
O
8
5
4
FP_VSYNC
I
--
99
MD6
I/O
8
117
UD10
O
8
GPIO0
I/O
4
70
MD7
I/O
8
119
UD11
O
8
3
GPIO1
I/O
4
69
MD8
I/O
8
118
VDD
PWR
--
36
GPIO2
I/O
4
68
MD9
I/O
8
116
VDD
PWR
--
73
GPIO3
I/O
4
67
MD10
I/O
8
114
VDD
PWR
--
144
GPIO4
I/O
4
66
MD11
I/O
8
112
VDDIO
PWR
--
1
GPIO5
I/O
4
65
MD12
I/O
8
110
VDDIO
PWR
--
17
GPIO6
I/O
4
64
MD13
I/O
8
106
VDDIO
PWR
--
37
GPIO7
I/O
4
63
MD14
I/O
8
104
VDDIO
PWR
--
55
GREEN0
I
--
93
MD15
I/O
8
102
VDDIO
PWR
--
72
GREEN1
I
--
92
NC
--
--
50
VDDIO
PWR
--
91
GREEN2
I
--
87
NC
--
--
51
VDDIO
PWR
--
108
GREEN3
I
--
94
NC
--
--
52
VDDIO
PWR
--
125
GREEN4
I
--
98
NC
--
--
53
VSS
GND
--
19
GREEN5
I
--
100
NC
--
--
56
VSS
GND
--
54
LD0
O
8
29
NC
--
--
57
VSS
GND
--
89
LD1
O
8
28
NC
--
--
58
VSS
GND
--
128
LD2
O
8
27
NC
--
--
59
VSSIO
GND
--
2
LD3
O
8
26
NC
--
--
60
VSSIO
GND
--
18
LD4
O
8
25
NC
--
--
61
VSSIO
GND
--
38
LD5
O
8
24
NC
--
--
62
VSSIO
GND
--
71
LD6
O
8
23
NC
--
--
74
VSSIO
GND
--
90
LD7
O
8
22
OE#/BA
O
8
133
VSSIO
GND
--
109
LD8
O
8
21
RAS#
O
8
130
VSSIO
GND
--
126
LD9
O
8
20
RED0
I
--
76
WE#
O
8
122
LD10
O
8
16
RED1
I
--
79
XTALIN
I
--
48
LD11
O
8
15
RED2
I
--
78
XTALOUT
O
--
49
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8
Revision 2.1
2.2.1
SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS
Pixel Port Interface Signals
Type
(Drive)
Signal Name
Pin No.
RED[5:0]
96, 86,
85, 78,
79, 76
I
100, 98,
94, 87,
92, 93
I
88, 84,
81, 83,
82, 80
I
95
I
GREEN[5:0]
BLUE[5:0]
ENA_DISP
Description
Red Pixel Channel
These six pins are the red component of the pixel port input. The six most
significant bits of the pixel port (FP_DATA[17:12] on an 18-bit pixel port) from
the CS5530A are connected to these pins. RED5 is the MSB (most significant bit) and RED0 is the LSB (least significant bit).
Green Pixel Channel
These six pins are the green component of the pixel port input. The six middle bits of the pixel port (FP_DATA[11:6] on an 18-bit pixel port) from the
CS5530A are connected to these pins. GREEN5 is the MSB and GREEN0
is the LSB.
Blue Pixel Channel
These six pins are the blue component of the pixel port input. The six least
significant bits of the pixel port (FP_DATA[5:0] on an 18-bit pixel port) from
the CS5530A are connected to these pins. BLUE5 is the MSB and BLUE0 is
the LSB.
Active Display Enable
This input is asserted when the pixel data stream is presenting valid display
data to the pixel port.
ENA_VDDIN
77
I
Input VDD Enable
When this input is asserted high, it indicates that the CS9211 should apply
voltage to the LCD panel. FP_VDDEN (pin 34) follows this assertion if external power sequencing is selected; it is ignored if internal power sequencing
is selected.
ENA_LCDIN
101
I
Input LCD Enable
When this input is asserted high, it indicates that the CS9211 should drive
the contrast voltage to the LCD panel. FP_VCONEN (pin 35) follows this
assertion if external power sequencing is selected; it is ignored if internal
power sequencing is selected.
DOTCLK
75
I
DOT Clock
This signal is the pixel clock from the video controller within the CS550A. It
clocks data in from the pixel port on the rising edge. Additionally, this signal
is used as the input clock for the entire CS9211 device. This clock must be
running at all times after reset for the CS9211 to function correctly.
FP_HSYNC
97
I
Flat Panel Horizontal Sync Input
When the input data stream is in a horizontal blanking period, this input is
asserted. It is a pulse used to synchronize display lines and to indicate when
the pixel data stream is not valid due to blanking.
FP_VSYNC
99
I
Flat Panel Vertical Sync Input
When the input data stream is in a vertical blanking period, this input is
asserted. It is a pulse used to synchronize display frames and to indicate
when the pixel data stream is not valid due to blanking.
Revision 2.1
9
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Geode™ CS9211
2.2
Geode™ CS9211
Signal Definitions (Continued)
2.2.2
Serial Interface Signals
Signal Name
SCLK
Pin No.
Type
(Drive)
40
I
Description
Serial Interface Clock
This input signal is the clock for the serial control interface. Data is clocked in
and out on the rising edge. The other serial interface signals (SDIN, SCS,
and SDO) are synchronous to this signal.
SDIN
41
I
Serial Data Input
This is the data input line for the serial control interface. Input data is serialized on this pin, including the command stream for register reads and writes.
SDO
42
SCS
O
(8 mA)
Serial Data Output
I
Serial Chip Select
43
This is the data output line for the serial control interface. Output data is serialized on this pin in response to register read commands.
This active high chip select indicates when valid data is being clocked in or
out via the SDIN/SDO pins.
2.2.3
Flat Panel Interface Signals
Signal Name
SHFCLK
Pin No.
30
Type
(Drive)
Function
Selection
O
(12
mA)
---
Description
Panel Clock (Shift Clock)
This is the shift clock or pixel clock for the flat panel data.
This signal is used to clock pixel data into the LCD panel.
Depending on the type of panel being interfaced, this signal
can also be referred to as CL2 or SHIFT.
UD[11:0]
3:14
LD[11:0]
15, 16,
20:29
LDE
LP
32
31
O
(8 mA)
---
Upper and Lower Scan Data
O
(8 mA)
Offset
404h[25] = 1
Flat Panel Display Enable (TFT Panels)
O
(8 mA)
Offset
404h[26] = 0
Latch Pulse (SSTN/DSTN Panels)
These outputs are the panel pixel data bus to the LCD
panel. The data format is dependent on the panel type
selected. Refer to Section 3.2.2 “Mode Selection” on page
19.
LDE is the display enable for active-matrix TFT panels and
is used to indicate the active pixel data on UD[11:0] and
LD[11:0].
Latch Pulse is the line pulse or latch pulse for the flat panel
data, indicating that a display line is about to start.
Depending on the type of panel being interfaced, this signal
can also be referred to as CL1 or LINE.
HSYNC
Offset
404h[26] = 1
Horizontal Sync (TFT Panels)
HSYNC is the horizontal sync for the active-matrix TFT
panel. This is a delayed version of the input HSYNC signal
with the appropriate pipeline delay relative to the pixel data
on UD[11:0] and LD[11:0].
If pin 31 is set as HSYNC at Offset 404h[26], its polarity is
programmable through Offset 404h[22]:
0 = Active high; 1 = Active low.
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10
Revision 2.1
Geode™ CS9211
Signal Definitions (Continued)
2.2.3
Flat Panel Interface Signals (Continued)
Signal Name
FLM
Pin No.
33
Type
(Drive)
Function
Selection
O
(8 mA)
Offset
404h[24] = 0
Description
First Line Marker (SSTN/DSTN Panels)
This is the frame pulse for the flat panel data indicating a
display frame is about to start.
Depending on the type of panel being interfaced, this signal
can also be referred to as FP or FRAME.
VSYNC
Offset
404h[24] = 1
Vertical Sync (TFT Panels)
VSYNC is the vertical sync for active-matrix TFT panel. This
is a delayed version of the input VSYNC signal with the
appropriate pipeline delay relative to the pixel data on
UD[11:0] and LD[11:0].
If pin 33 is selected as VSYNC at Offset 404h[24], its polarity is programmable through Offset 404h[23]:
0 = Active high; 1 = Active low.
DISPOFF#
FP_VDDEN
FP_VCONEN
2.2.4
39
34
35
O
(8 mA)
---
O
(8 mA)
---
O
(8 mA)
---
Disables Backlight
When this output is asserted low, it turns the backlight off.
Controls LCD VDD FET
When this output is asserted high, VDD voltage is applied
to the panel. This signal is intended to control a power FET
to the LCD panel. The FET may be internal to the panel or
not, depending on the panel manufacturer
Controls LCD Bias Voltage Enable
When this output is asserted high, the contrast voltage is
applied to the panel. This signal should be connected
directly to the panel.
Memory Interface Signals
Signal Name
MA[10:0]
MD[15:0]
Revision 2.1
Pin No.
Type
(Drive)
135, 132,
134, 137,
139, 140,
141, 142,
143, 138,
136
O
(8 mA)
102, 104,
106, 110,
112, 114,
116, 118,
119, 117,
115, 113,
111, 107,
105, 103
I/O
(8 mA)
Description
Memory Address Bus
These signals are the address bits to the external frame buffer. Ten bits are
used for EDO (Extended Data Out) DRAM and eleven bits are used for
SDRAM.
Row and column addresses are multiplexed on the same pins.
Memory Data Bus
These bidirectional signals are the external frame buffer data bus.
11
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Geode™ CS9211
Signal Definitions (Continued)
2.2.4
Memory Interface Signals (Continued)
Signal Name
Pin No.
Type
(Drive)
DQMH
121
O
(8 mA)
DQML
120
O
(8 mA)
Description
Data Input/Output Mask
DQMx is an input mask signal to the frame buffer SDRAM for write accesses
and an output enable signal for read accesses.
• Input data to the SDRAM is masked when DQMx is sampled high during
a write cycle.
• The output buffers are placed in a High-Z state (two-clock latency) when
DQMx is sampled high during a read cycle.
DQMH corresponds to DQ8-DQ15 of the SDRAM.
DQML corresponds to DQ0-DQ7 of the SDRAM.
This signal is not used for EDO DRAM.
OE#/BA
133
O
(8 mA)
Output Enable and Bank Select Address
This pin is the output enable for the DRAM and the bank address selection
for SDRAM.
BA defines to which bank the active, read, write or precharge command is
being applied. This function is not used in the CS9211.
RAS#
CASH#
CAS#/CASL#
WE#
MCLK
CKE
130
124
127
122
123
129
O
(8 mA)
Row Address Strobe
O
(8 mA)
Column Address Strobe
O
(8 mA)
Column Address Strobe
O
(8 mA)
Write Enable
The row address strobe for DRAM/SDRAM.
The column address strobe for the upper byte of EDO DRAM. This pin
should not be connected if SDRAM is used.
The column address strobe for the lower byte of DRAM. This pin should be
connected (to CAS#) if SDRAM is used.
The write enable output for DRAM/SDRAM.
O
(12
mA)
Memory Clock
O
(8 mA)
Clock Enable
This clock output from the CS9211 should be connected to the SDRAM. It is
not used for EDO DRAM.
This output signal should be connected to the SDRAM. When CKE is active
(high), the MCLK signal is low. Deactivating the clock provides precharge
power-down and self-refresh operations (all banks idle), active power-down
(row active CKE in either bank) or clock Suspend operation (burst/access in
progress).
CKE is synchronous to MCLK, except after the device enters power-down
and self refresh modes, where CKE becomes asynchronous until after exiting the same mode. The input buffers, including MCLK, are disabled during
power-down and self refresh modes, and provide low power. CKE may be
tied high.
This signal is not used for EDO DRAM.
CS#
www.national.com
131
O
(8 mA)
Chip Select
This output is connected to the chip select of SDRAM. CS# enables (registered low) and disables (registered high) the command decoder of the
SDRAM. All commands are masked when CS# is deasserted (high).
12
Revision 2.1
Geode™ CS9211
Signal Definitions (Continued)
2.2.5
Reset, Crystal, and GPIO Pins
Signal Name
RESET#
Pin No.
Type
(Drive)
44
I
Description
System Reset Input
A system reset should be at least as long as one clock cycle of the slowest
of DOTCLK, XTALIN or SCLK. RESET# should be active for at least 1 ms.
XTALIN
48
I
Crystal Oscillator Connection
This pin is the crystal input for the on-chip reference oscillator or a CMOS
clock input from an external reference source. It should be 14.318 MHz.
XTALOUT
49
O
Crystal Oscillator Connection
This pin is the crystal output for the on-chip reference oscillator. If an external clock is used, leave this pin unconnected.
GPIO0-GPIO7
2.2.6
70:63
I/O
(4 mA)
General Purpose Inputs/Outputs
Each GPIO pin can be configured independently as an input or output. For
further programming information refer to Section 3.2.13 “General Purpose
I/O Pins” on page 38.
National Semiconductor Internal Test Pins
Signal Name
TEST_SE
Pin No.
Type
(Drive)
47
I
Description
Reserved
This pin must be tied to ground for normal operation. It is a National
Semiconductor internal test mode pin only.
MBIST_EN
45
I
Reserved
This pin must be tied to ground for normal operation. It is a National
Semiconductor internal test mode pin only.
SCAN_EN
46
I
Reserved
This pin must be tied to ground for normal operation. It is a National
Semiconductor internal test mode pin only.
2.2.7
Power and Ground Pins
Signal Name
VDDIO
VSSIO
VDD
VSS
Revision 2.1
Pin No.
Type
(Drive)
1, 17, 37,
55, 72,
91, 108,
125
PWR
2, 18, 38,
71, 90,
109, 126
GND
36, 73,
144
PWR
19, 54,
89, 128
GND
Description
Power Connection (total of 8 pins)
Power for the DRAM and system interface signals. These pins should be
supplied with 3.3V.
Ground Connection (total of 7 pins)
Ground connection.
Power Connection (total of 3 pins)
Power for the DRAM and system interface signals. These pins should be
supplied with 3.3V.
Ground Connection (total of 4 pins)
Ground connection.
13
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Geode™ CS9211
3.0
Functional Description
This chapter discusses the detailed operations of the
CS9211 in two categories: system-level and the operations/programming of the major functional blocks.
controlling those signals, as described in Section 3.2.1
"Serial Interface" on page 17. For example, National’s
SuperI/O (PC97317) also produces compatible GPIO signals.
3.1
The CS9211 reformats the incoming pixel data stream and
produces an output data stream that is directly compatible
with the attached LCD panel.
SYSTEM INTERCONNECTIONS
The system-level discussion topics revolve around events
that affect the device as a whole unit and how the CS9211
connects/interfaces with other system devices (i.e.,
CS5530A, panel, memory, and crystal oscillator).
Timing and power sequence control signals are delivered
to the CS9211 from the CS550A. Various “pass-through” or
“internal/external” selection modes of the CS9211 allow
those external signals to be used or modified internally,
before being passed on to the panel, or ignored completely,
in which case they would be generated internally.
3.1.1 CS550A Connections
The CS9211 graphics companion connects to the TFT
graphics data port of the CS550A I/O companion chip, as
shown in Figure 3-1. In order for this interface to function,
the CS550A must be in the “Limited ISA Mode”, not the
“ISA Master Mode”, as discussed in the CS550A data
book.
The CS9211 receives a pixel data stream from the
CS550A. The chief function of the CS9211 is to reformat
this received input stream into an output stream suitable for
display on the LCD panels it supports.
Register programming and internal memory loading commands are delivered to the CS9211 by means of a GPIO
interface. The GPIOs can come from any device capable of
Geode™
CS5530A
I/O Companion
GPIO4
SCLK
GPIO5
SDIN
GPIO6
SCS
GPIO7
SDO
FP_ENA_BKL
ENA_LCDIN
FP_ENA_VDD
ENA_VDDIN
FP_DISP_ENA_OUT
Serial
Interface
ENA_DISP
FP_CLK
Geode™
CS9211
Graphics
Companion
DOTCLK
FP_HSYNC_OUT
FP_HSYNC
FP_VSYNC_OUT
FP_VSYNC
FP_DATA[5:0]
BLUE[5:0]
FP_DATA[11:6]
GREEN[5:0]
FP_DATA[17:12]
RED[5:0]
Figure 3-1. CS550A and CS9211 Signal Connections
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14
Revision 2.1
3.1.2 Panel Connections
As illustrated in Figure 3-3, the connections between the
CS9211 and the LCD panel being driven are simple. There
are three groups of interconnect: Power Control, Timing,
and Data. Because of the wide variety of LCD panels currently used in the industry, this interface is discussed briefly
and generically.
If a DSTN panel is used, the CS9211 must be connected to
an external frame buffer RAM, which may be either EDO
DRAM or SDRAM. The external frame buffer is not
required if an SSTN panel is used. Pixel data is received by
the pixel port, formatted by a dither block and programmable FRM, and stored in the CS9211 frame buffer. The formatted pixel data is subsequently read from the frame
buffer and used to refresh half the DSTN panel, while the
other half receives “live” data from the CS550A.
Power control signals enable the panel’s backlight, main
power, and contrast voltage. In some cases, these signals
may be directly connected to the panel being used; in other
cases, external circuitry such as a power FET, may be
required. Consult the data sheet of the panel being used in
the design for details.
3.1.4 Crystal Oscillator Interface
The CS9211 requires a 14.318 MHz input clock to generate power sequencing signals to the panel. The input frequency should be 14.318 MHz. The clock may come from a
compatible clock source anywhere in the design, or from a
dedicated crystal oscillator tank circuit. The recommended
oscillator tank circuit is shown in Figure 3-2.
Timing signals are connected directly to the panel. Different panel manufacturers use various nomenclatures to
identify the timing signals, some of which are shown (separated by the “/” character) in Figure 3-3.
The output of the CS9211 is a 24-bit data bus that is artificially split into two 12-bit data buses by the CS9211’s
adopted nomenclature (UD/LD). The output data presented
on these buses “moves” from pin to pin depending on the
type of panel being used, as determined by the contents of
several of the CS9211’s internal registers. These output
buses should be thought of as one 24-bit bus for ease of
the designer’s understanding and to avoid confusion with
panels which have a UD/LD-type data bus nomenclature.
XTALIN
Geode™
CS9211
Graphics
Companion
10 pF
14.318 MHz
Crystal
XTALOUT
10 pF
3.1.3 Memory Connections
The interface between the CS9211 and the frame buffer
memory (if used) is straightforward. Signal names used in
the CS9211 match up with those used by the standard
EDO DRAM and SDRAM devices. Note that the frame
buffer memory is only required for DSTN panels. If the
memory is not required, the memory interface signals from
the CS9211 may remain unconnected.
Figure 3-2. Oscillator Tank Circuit
DISPOFF#
Backlight Enable
FP_VDDEN
Panel Main Power Enable
FP_VCONEN
Geode™
CS9211
Graphics
Companion
Panel Contrast Voltage Enable
LCD Panel
LP/HSYNC
LP/HSYNC/CL1
FLM/VSYNC
FLM/VSYNC/FRAME
SHFCLK
SF/SHIFT/CL2
LDE/MOD
LDE(TFT)/MOD(DSTN)
UD[11:0]
Panel Data (as required)
LD[11:0]
Figure 3-3. CS9211 and Flat Panel Signal Connections
Revision 2.1
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
3.2
FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS
The block diagram of the CS9211, along with the basic system interconnections are shown in Figure 3-4. Details of
each block will be discussed in this section.
CS9211. A configurable timing generator provides timing
pulses tailored to the panel being driven. The CS9211 supports automatic power sequence of panel power supplies.
The device contains a CRC generator which may be used
for self-validation during silicon validation.
The CS9211 interfaces directly to industry standard 8-, 16and 24-bit color or monochrome single or dual-scan STN
flat panels (not all combinations are supported). It can also
support 18-bit active matrix thin-film-transistor (TFT) with
one or two pixels per clock.
Each pixel on an SSTN or DSTN LCD panel consists of
three primary color components: red, green, and blue.
Each primary color component, for a given pixel, can be
turned on or off; there are no intermediate intensities. A
total of eight colors can be generated for a given pixel
through various combinations of turning each color component on or off. In order to generate more colors, frame rate
modulation and dithering are used. The CS9211 is capable
of generating 256K different colors, based on the 18-bit
RGB pixel inputs.
The digital RGB or video data that is supplied by the
CS5530A is converted into a suitable format to drive the
supported panels. The heart of the device is the Frame
Rate Modulator (FRM), which provides the ability to display
various intensities of each primary color. Dithering logic is
included to further increase the apparent number of colors
that can be displayed. To support the DSTN panels, a
memory controller that interfaces to external EDO DRAM
or SDRAM (used as a frame buffer) is built into the
24
4
CRC
Engine
Serial-IF/Register Block
Geode™
CS5530A
I/O
Companion
24
TFT
18
18
Dither
DSTN/
XGA
3
FRM
3
Panel
Interface
Memory
Controller
4
3
TFT,
SSTN,
or
DSTN
Panel
DSTN
Timing
Generator
37
DRAM/SDRAM
Figure 3-4. CS9211 Block Diagram
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16
Revision 2.1
3.2.1 Serial Interface
Two commands are defined for the serial interface, a read
command and a write command. The read and write protocols are summarized in Table 3-1. Figure 3-5 on page 18
shows the write cycle timing, and Figure 3-6 on page 18
shows the read cycle timing. In order for the CS9211 to
properly receive commands through the serial interface,
the DOTCLK input signal must be active.
The protocol begins with the assertion of the SCS input,
followed by activity on the SCLK (serial command clock)
and SDIN (serial data input) lines. The serial data must be
in the following order: one start bit (value = X), one control
bit (value = 1), 12 address bits, a read/write command bit
(1 = Write, 0 = Read), and 32 data bits. In the case of a
read, seven (7) idle clock pulses must occur between the
read command and the beginning of the 32 bits of data
transmission on the SDO line. After the last bit of the serial
data transfer, SCS should be deasserted.
Write a 1 to SDIN.
4)
Next, the address is transmitted with the LSB
(Address[0]) first... MSB (Address[11]) last.
5)
The Write bit = 1.
6)
The data is transmitted LSB (Data[0]) first... MSB
(Data[31]) last, on the positive edges of the next 32
SCLKS.
7)
Deassert SCS (one clock period) and toggle SCLK for
four clock periods.
3.2.1.2 Read Transfer Sequence (56 clocks)
1) Assert SCS input.
The CS9211 samples the serial interface input signals on
the rising edge of SCLK. Therefore, data driven onto the
SDIN input should change on the falling edge of SCLK.
Data driven by the CS9211 onto the SDO output changes
on the rising edge of SCLK. Therefore data being read
should be sampled on the falling edge of SCLK.
3.2.1.1 Write Transfer Sequence (52 clocks)
1) Assert SCS input.
2)
3)
One SCLK period “don’t care” transfer (i.e., clock toggle).
2)
One SCLK period “don’t care” transfer (i.e., clock toggle).
3)
Write a 1 to SDIN.
4)
Next the address is transmitted with the LSB
(Address[0]) first ... MSB (Address[11]) last.
5)
The Read bit = 0.
6)
Seven SCLK periods of “don’t care” transfer (i.e., clock
toggles).
7)
The data is transmitted on SDO with the LSB (Data[0])
first ... MSB (Data[31]) last, on the positive edges of
the next 32 SCLK .
8)
Deassert SCS (one clock period) and toggle SCLK for
one clock period.
Table 3-1. Serial Interface Write/Read Sequences
Cycle(s)
Write Sequence with SCS = “1”
Cycle(s)
Read Sequence with SCS = “1”
1
1 Start bit
SDIN = Don’t care
1
1 Start bit
SDIN = Don’t care
1
1 Control bit
SDIN = 1
1
1 Control bit
SDIN = 1
12
12 Address bits
SDIN = 4xx
12
12 Address bits
SDIN = 4xx
1
1 Write bit
SDIN = 1
1
1 Read bit
SDIN = 0
32
32 data bits
ex: SDIN = A8A8_A8A8h
7
7 Idle SCLKs
ex: SDIN = Don’t care
32
32 Read data bits
ex: SDO = A8A8_A8A8h
Revision 2.1
17
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
SCLK
1
7
SCS
4
2
x
SDIN
3
1
6
5
A0
A1
A2...A9 A10 A11
WR
=1
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8...D30 D31
SDO
Figure 3-5. Serial Interface Write Cycle Timing Diagram
I
SCLK
1
8
SCS
2
SDIN
x
3
1
5
A0
A1
A2...A9 A10 A11
RD
=0
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7
4
6
SDO
D0
D1
D2...D29 D30 D31
Figure 3-6. Serial Interface Read Cycle Timing Diagram
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Revision 2.1
3.2.2 Mode Selection
The CS9211 can be configured for various modes depending on the type of LCD panel being connected. The panel
type and mode selection is through Offset 404h[21:16] as
shown in Table 3-2 on page 20 and described below.
3.2.2.1 TFT Mode
To enable TFT mode, set Offset 404h[21:20] = 01 (see
Table 3-2 on page 20). When TFT mode has been
selected, the output from the dither block is fed directly
onto the panel data pins UD[11:0] and LD[11:0], in accordance with Table 3-4 on page 21, and in sync with the TFT
timing signals HSYNC, VSYNC, and LDE. These three timing signals are enabled when Offset 404h[26:24] = 111
(see Table 3-3 on page 20). The TFT panel type must be
selected according to Table 3-2. The shift clock output
(SHFCLK) varies for each panel type (refer to Table 3-7 on
page 24). The pixel data format on the LD/UD pins varies
based on the type of TFT panel selected as indicated in
Table 3-4. Certain timing selections must be made according to Table 3-8 "Panel Output Timing Selection Bits" on
page 24 (see the discussion in Section 3.2.3 "Timing Signals" on page 22).
• DSTN or TFT and Color or Monochrome:
— DSTN or TFT: Allows a common connector to be
used for TFT LCD panels and DSTN LCD panels.
The system software can configure the CS9211 to
operate in a pass-through mode that presents the
digital pixel (RGB) input data on the UD/LD output
pins to drive a TFT panel on the common connector.
The input data is latched internally before being
presented at the output pins to better control the
timing of the panel interface signals.
— Color or Monochrome: Monochrome must be
selected for 8-bit DSTN Mode.
3.2.2.2 STN Mode
This mode is for either SSTN or DSTN panels. To enable
STN mode, set Offset 404h[21:20] = 00 (see Table 3-2).
When STN mode has been selected, the output from the
dither block is sent through the FRM and the memory controller (memory controller: DSTN only), and continues to
the panel data pins. The CS9211 will shift out the data on
the positive edge of the shift clock (SHFCLK). The shift
clock output (SHFCLK) varies for each panel type as
shown in Table 3-7 on page 24. The pixel data format on
the LD/UD pins varies based on the type of STN panel
selected, as indicated in Table 3-4. Certain timing selections must be made according to Table 3-8 "Panel Output
Timing Selection Bits" on page 24 (see the discussion in
Section 3.2.3 "Timing Signals" on page 22).
• 8-Bit DSTN Mode (Monochrome Only):
— Supports DSTN panels with 640x480 pixel
resolution.
— Register programming: Offset 404h[21:16] =
00_1_000.
• 8-Bit single scan Color STN Mode:
— Supports single scan STN panels with 640x480 color
pixel resolution.
— Register programming: Offset 404h[21:16] =
00_0_011.
• 16-Bit Color DSTN Mode:
— Supports DSTN panels with 640x480 or 800x600
color pixel resolutions.
— Register programming: Offset 404h[21:16] =
00_0_001.
3.2.2.3 Output Data Mapping
The output of the CS9211 is a 24-bit data bus that is artificially split into two 12-bit data buses by the CS9211’s
adopted nomenclature (UD/LD). The output data presented
on these buses “moves” from pin to pin depending on the
type of panel being used, as determined by the contents of
Offset 404h[21:16] (see Table 3-2).
• 24-Bit Color DSTN Mode:
— Supports DSTN panels with 1024x768 color pixel
resolution.
— Register programming: Offset 404h[21:16] =
00_0_010.
• TFT One Pixel per Clock Mode:
— Supports all TFT panels with up to 18-bit interface.
— Register programming: Offset 404h[21:16] =
01_0_000.
The mapping is shown in Table 3-4 on page 21. These output buses should be thought of as one 24-bit bus (perhaps
named OUT[23:0]) for ease of the designer’s understanding and to avoid confusion with panels that have a UD/LDtype data bus nomenclature.
• TFT Two Pixel per Clock Mode:
— Supports 18-bit/24-bit 2pixel/CLK TFT panels.
— Register programming: Offset 404h[21:16] =
01_0_001.
Revision 2.1
19
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Table 3-2. Panel Mode Selection Bits
Bit
Name
Description
Offset 404h-407h
21:20
DSTN_TFT
Panel Timing Register 2 (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
Panel Type Select: Selects panel type. The selection of the panel type in conjunction with the
PIX_OUT (bits [18:16]) setting determines how pixel data is mapped on the output LD/UD pins. This bit
also determines the generation of SHFCLK and other panel timing interface signals.
00 = SSTN/DSTN panel
01 = TFT panel
10 = Reserved
11 = Reserved
19
COLOR_MONO
18:16
PIX_OUT
Color/Mono Select: Selects color or monochrome LCD panel. 0 = Color; 1 = Monochrome.
Pixel Output Format: These bits define the pixel output format. The selection of the pixel output format
in conjunction with the panel type selection (bits [21:20]) and the color/monochrome selection (bits
[19]) determines how the pixel data is formatted before being sent on to the LD/UD pins. These settings
also determine the SHFCLK period for the specific panel.
000 = 8-bit DSTN panel or up to 24-bit TFT panel with one pixel per clock.
Option 1: Mono 8-bit DSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 1)
(Color 8-bit DSTN is not supported)
SHFCLK = 1/4 of DOTCLK
Option 2: Color TFT with 1 pixel/clock (bits [21:20] = 01 and bit 19 = 0)
SHFCLK = DOTCLK
001 = 16-bit DSTN panel or 18/24-bit TFT XGA panel with two pixels per clock.
Option 1: Color 16-bit DSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 0)
SHFCLK = 1/(3:2:3) of DOTCLK
Option 2: Mono 16-bit DSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 1)
SHFCLK = 1/8 of DOTCLK
Option 3: Color 18/24 bit TFT (bits [21:20] = 01 and bit 19 = 0)
SHFCLK = 1/2 of DOTCLK
010 = 24-bit DSTN panel
Color 24-bit DSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 0)
(Mono 24-bit DSTN is not supported)
SHFCLK = 1/4 of DOTCLK
011 = 8-bit SSTN panel
Color 8-bit SSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 0)
SHFCLK = 1/(3:2:3) of DOTCLK
100, 101, 110, and 111 = Reserved
Table 3-3. Panel Interface Pin Function Selection Bits
Bit
Name
Offset 404h-407h
26
LP_HSYNC_SEL
Description
Panel Timing Register 2 (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
LP/HSYNC Select: Selects the function of LP/HSYNC (pin 31). Set this bit based on the panel type
connected. For DSTN or SSTN panels, set this bit to 0. For TFT panels, set this bit to 1.
0 = LP (output for DSTN/SSTN panel).
1 = HSYNC (output for TFT panel).
25
LDE_SEL
LDE Select: Always set this bit to 1.
0 = Reserved
1 = LDE (output for TFT panel).
24
FLM_VSYNC_
SEL
FLM/VSYNC Select: Selects function of FLM/VSYNC (pin 33). Set this bit based on the panel type connected. For DSTN or SSTN panels, set this bit to 0. For TFT panels, set this bit to 1.
0 = FLM (output for DSTN/SSTN panel).
1 = VSYNC (output for TFT panel).
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Revision 2.1
Table 3-4. Output Data Mapping
DSTN
16-Bit
STN
8-Bit
DSTN
8-Bit
(Mono)
TFT
12+12Bit
Pin Name
DSTN
24-Bit
LD0
UD9
UD0(pix1)
LD1
UD10
UD1(pix2)
BB0
BB1
LD2
UD11
UD2(pix3)
B0
BB1
BB2
LD3
UD6
UD3(pix4)
B1
BB2
BB3
LD4
UD7
UD0
D0
LD5
UD8
UD1
D1
B0
B3
GB0
GB1
LD6
UD3
UD2
D2
B1
B4
GB1
GB2
LD7
UD4
UD3
D3
B2
B5
GB2
GB3
LD8
UD5
TFT
9-Bit
TFT
18-Bit
TFT
9+9-Bit
BB0
B2
GB0
LD0(pix1)
RB0
LD9
UD0
RB0
RB1
LD10
UD1
UD4
D4
LD1(pix2)
LD2(pix3)
G0
RB1
RB2
LD11
UD2
UD5
D5
LD3(pix4)
G1
RB2
RB3
UD0
LD9
UD6
D6
UD1
LD10
UD7
D7
UD2
LD11
UD3
LD6
UD4
LD7
UD5
LD8
UD6
LD3
LD2
UD7
LD4
UD8
G2
BA0
G0
G3
BA0
BA1
LD0
G1
G4
BA1
BA2
LD1
G2
G5
BA2
BA3
GA0
GA0
GA1
R0
GA1
GA2
LD3
R1
GA2
GA3
LD5
LD4
R2
UD9
LD0
LD5
R0
R3
RA0
RA1
UD10
LD1
LD6
R1
R4
RA1
RA2
UD11
LD2
LD7
R2
R5
RA2
RA3
SHFCLK
CL2/
CL2
CP
CP
CLK
CLK
CLK
CLK
LP/HSYN
CL1
CL1
LOAD
LOAD
HSYNC
HSYNC
HSYNC
HSYNC
FLM/VSYNC
FLM
FLM
FRM
FRM
VSYNC
VSYNC
VSYNC
VSYNC
MOD/LDE
-NA-
-NA-
LDE
LDE
LDE
LDE
FP_VDDEN
ENLVDD
ENLVDD
ENLVDD
ENLVDD
FP_VCONEN
ENLVEE
ENLVEE
ENLVEE
ENLVEE
BKLTON
BKLTON
BKLTON
BKLTON
DISPOFF#
Revision 2.1
DISPOFF
DISPOFF
DISPON
21
RA0
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
3.2.3 Timing Signals
The CS9211 provides features that allow control over the
timing pulses coming from the CS550A (or other source)
and over those which drive the panel. These pulses may be
inverted, positioned, and otherwise modified as explained
in this section.
The internal logic following the HSYNC input may be
bypassed by programming Offset 400h[27] = 0. In this
case, the input HSYNC, after possible inversion by Offset
400[29], is passed directly onto the output pin of the
CS9211. If Offset 400h[27] = 1, then the incoming HSYNC
pulse may be modified by Offset 400h[7:0] before being
passed to the output HSYNC pin.
3.2.3.1 Input Timing Signals
The internal logic of the CS9211 is designed to operate
from the leading edge of the incoming VSYNC and HSYNC
pulses. This internal logic is triggered from the rising edge
of the input pulses after inversion (or not) by Offset 400h
bits 30 and 29, as shown in Figure 3-7. The purpose of the
Offset 400h[30:29] is to make the leading edge of the input
pulses (be it a rising or falling edge) appear as a rising
edge to the internal logic, thereby triggering the internal
logic at the leading edge of the input pulses. In Figure 3-7,
when the FP_xSYNC_POL bit is 1 (POL = 1), the inverting
buffer will be enabled; when the FP_xSYNC_POL bit is 0
(POL = 0), the non-inverting buffer will be enabled. (The
terminology FP_xSYNC_POL refers to the fact that this
holds true for both the HSYNC and VSYNC pulses).
Internal
Logic
Sync
Input
POL = 1
POL = 0
Leading Edge
Figure 3-7. Input Timing Pulse Polarity Selection
Two bits (Offset 400h[30:29]) are used to match the
CS9211 to the polarity of the incoming HSYNC and
VSYNC signals, as shown in Table 3-5. These bits should
be set as indicated to match the polarity of the incoming
timing pulses to the CS9211’s internal logic needs.
Table 3-5. Input Timing Control Bits
Bit
Name
Offset 400h-403h
30
FP_VSYNC_POL
Description
Panel Timing Register 1 (R/W)
Reset Value = 0000000h
FP_VSYNC Input Polarity: Selects positive or negative polarity of the FP_VSYNC input (pin 99).
Program this bit to match the polarity of the incoming FP_VSYNC signal. Note that bit 23 of Offset
404h independently controls the polarity of the output VSYNC.
0 = FP_VSYNC is normally low, transitioning high during sync interval (Default).
1 = FP_VSYNC is normally high, transitioning low during sync interval.
29
FP_HSYNC_POL
FP_HSYNC Input Polarity: Selects positive or negative polarity of the FP_HSYNC input (pin 97).
Program this bit to match the polarity of the incoming FP_HSYNC signal. Note that bit 22 of Offset
404h independently controls the polarity of the output HSYNC.
0 = FP_HSYNC is normally low, transitioning high during sync interval (Default).
1 = FP_HSYNC is normally high, transitioning low during sync interval.
27
HSYNC_SRC
TFT Horizontal Sync Source: Selects an internally generated or external pass-through source of
the TFT horizontal sync output on pin 31. The internally generated HSYNC pulse will be triggered by
the input HSYNC, but the output polarity, and leading and trailing edge positions are controlled by
registers 404h[22] and 400h[7:0] respectively. The external mode will pass the input HSYNC pulse
directly to the output pin.
0 = Pass the input HSYNC directly onto the output LP/HSYNC pin (pin 31) (Default).
1 = Internally generate the output HSYNC using the leading/trailing edge bits [7:0] and the polarity
bit (Offset 404h[22]).
7:5
HSYNC_LEADING_
EDGE
Horizontal Sync Leading Edge Position: Selects the position of the leading edge of the output
HSYNC pulse with respect to the rising edge of the modified input HSYNC pulse. The modified input
HSYNC pulse is that which has been inverted, or not inverted, by bit 29. The position is programmable in steps of 1 DOTCLK, starting at 2 DOTCLOCKS and extending up to 8. Bit 27 must be set in
order for bits [7:5] to be recognized. Note that there are combinations of bits [7:5] and [4:0] that can
result in a zero- or negative-length pulse, for example if the trailing edge is positioned before the
leading edge. In this case, the output pulse will not be generated.
000 = No delay from the input HSYNC (Default).
001-111 = Position the HSYNC leading edge by 2 to 8 DOTCLKs with respect to the input HSYNC
rising edge. Note that there is no setting for a position of 1 DOTCLOCK.
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Revision 2.1
3.2.3.2 Output Timing Signals
There are two separate pass-through bits to select internal
or external generation of the output timing signals. The
PASS_THRU bit, Offset 404h[30] is global and affects
whether Offset 400h[7:0], Offset 404h[29], and Offset
404h[27:24] control bits will apply or not. The second passthrough is the HSYNC_SRC bit, Offset 400h[27], and it
determines if the incoming FP_HSYNC pulse will be
passed through unmodified or not. See Table 3-8 on page
24 for descriptions on these bits.
Offset 400h[4:0] controls the position of the trailing edge of
the output HSYNC pulse with respect to the leading edge
of the input HYSNC pulse. The trailing edge of the output
pulse may be delayed with respect to the leading edge of
the input HYSNC pulse in increments of one DOTCLK.
Table 3-6 details the amount of delay in DOTCLK increments for each setting of Offset 400h[4:0]; note that a setting of 00000 will result in no output pulse. Note also that
with this scheme it is possible to erroneously program an
output pulse whose trailing edge occurs before the leading
edge! In such a case there will be no output pulse.
HSYNC
Two groups of bits (Offset 400h[7:5] and Offset 400h[4:0])
control the positions of the leading and trailing edges of the
output HSYNC pulse, also called LP (Latch Pulse), LINE,
or CL1 for some panels. These two groups are effective
only if HSYNC_SRC, Offset 400h[27], is set to 1.
The polarity of the HSYNC output pulse may be controlled
by Offset 404h[22], only if Offset 404h[26] = 1.
Leading Edge
HSYNC
Input
(Pin 97)
Regardless of the input or output polarity, the two groups of
bits move the leading and trailing edges of the output
HSYNC pulse with respect to the leading edge of the input
HSYNC pulse, as shown in Figure 3-8. Note the difference
between the terms “leading edge” and “rising edge”, and
“trailing edge” and “falling edge”.
HSYNC
Output
(Pin 31)
Offset 400h[7:5] controls the position of the leading edge of
the output HSYNC pulse with respect to the leading edge
of the input HYSNC pulse. The leading edge of the output
pulse may be delayed with respect to the leading edge of
the input HYSNC pulse in increments of one DOTCLK.
Table 3-6 details the amount of delay in DOTCLK increments for each setting of Offset 400h[7:5]; note that there
is a skip in the otherwise logical order of increasing delays
from 000 to 001.
Leading Edge
Position
controlled by
Offset 400h[7:5]
Trailing Edge
Position
controlled by
Offset 400h[4:0]
Figure 3-8. Control of HSYNC Output
Table 3-6. HSYNC Edge Position Control
HSYNC Leading Edge
HSYNC Trailing Edge
Offset
400h[7:5]
No. of
DOTCLK
Delays
Offset
400h[4:0]
No. of
DOTCLK
Delays
000
0
00000
No Pulse
01000
8
10000
16
11000
24
001
2
00001
1
01001
9
10001
17
11001
25
010
3
00010
2
01010
10
10010
18
11010
26
011
4
00011
3
01011
11
10011
19
11011
27
100
5
00100
4
01100
12
10100
20
11100
27
101
6
00101
5
01101
13
10101
21
11101
29
110
7
00110
6
01110
14
10110
22
11110
30
111
8
00111
7
01111
15
10111
23
11111
31
Revision 2.1
Offset
400h[4:0]
23
No. of
DOTCLK
Delays
Offset
400h[4:0]
No. of
DOTCLK
Delays
Offset
400[4:0]
No. of
DOTCLK
Delays
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Frame Pulse (VSYNC)
VSYNC pulses are provided to the attached panel in one of
two ways, either externally or internally. If the PASS_THRU
mode is set (Offset 404h[30] = 1), the input FP_VSYNC
(pin 99) is passed through unchanged to the output pin
FLM/VSYNC (pin 33).
panels, both halves of the panel are receiving new lines of
data simultaneously, thus a new FLM pulse is required
when both halves of the panel have been simultaneously
refreshed.
The polarity of the output VSYNC pulse may be inverted by
Offset 404h[23] only if Offset 404h[24] = 1.
If the PASS-THRU mode is not set (Offset 404h[30] = 0),
then the VSYNC/FLM pulse is generated internally in
response to the input FP_VSYNC pulse. The manner in
which the internal VSYNC/FLM pulse is generated
depends on the mode set by Offset 404h[21:16].
Shift Clock
Table 3-7 shows the relationship between the output shift
clock (SHFCLK) and the input DOTCLK. This relationship
varies depending on the panel type as selected by Offset
404h[21:18].
If an SSTN panel is chosen, then the output FLM pulse is
generated in response to each incoming FP_VSYNC.
One additional bit exists to allow more control over the output shift clock. The Panel Shift Clock Retrace Activity Control bit at Offset 404h[27] allows the shift clock to be active
only during active data transfer or free running as required
by some panel types. In case of STN (DSTN/SSTN)
modes, the panel shift clock retrace activity control bit does
not have any effect.
If a DSTN panel is chosen, then the counter VPAN_SIZE
(Offset 400h[26:16]) comes into play (see Table 3-8). The
first FLM (First Line Marker) is generated at the beginning
of the first line. Then the CS9211 counts the number of
lines. A second FLM is generated when half number of total
lines has been reached. This is required because in DSTN
Table 3-7. Input DOTCLK vs. Panel SHFCLK
Panel
Clock
DSTN
24-Bit
DSTN
16-Bit
STN
8-Bit
TFT
9-Bit
TFT
18-Bit
TFT
9+9-Bit
TFT
12+12-Bit
SHFCLK
DOTCLK/4
DOTCLK/(3:2:3)
DOTCLK/(3:2:3)
DOTCLK
DOTCLK
DOTCLK/2
DOTCLK/2
Table 3-8. Panel Output Timing Selection Bits
Bit
Name
Offset 400h-403h
29
FP_HSYNC_POL
Description
Panel Timing Register 1 (R/W)
Reset Value = 0000000h
FP_HSYNC Input Polarity: Selects positive or negative polarity of the FP_HSYNC input (pin 97).
Program this bit to match the polarity of the incoming FP_HSYNC signal. Note that bit 22 of Offset
404h independently controls the polarity of the output HSYNC.
0 = FP_HSYNC is normally low, transitioning high during sync interval (Default).
1 = FP_HSYNC is normally high, transitioning low during sync interval.
26:16
PAN_VSIZE
Panel Vertical Size: This field represents the panel vertical size in terms of scan lines. The value
programmed should be equal to the panel size that is being connected.
This can be used only for DSTN/STN modes.
Example: 640x480 = 1E0h, 800x600 = 258h, and 1024x768 = 300h.
7:5
HSYNC_LEADING_
EDGE
Horizontal Sync Leading Edge Position: Selects the position of the leading edge of the output
HSYNC pulse with respect to the rising edge of the modified input HSYNC pulse. The modified input
HSYNC pulse is that which has been inverted, or not inverted, by bit 29. The position is programmable in steps of 1 DOTCLK, starting at 2 DOTCLOCKS and extending up to 8. Bit 27 must be set in
order for bits [7:5] to be recognized. Note that there are combinations of bits [7:5] and [4:0] that can
result in a zero- or negative-length pulse, for example if the trailing edge is positioned before the
leading edge. In this case, the output pulse will not be generated.
000 = No delay from the input HSYNC (Default).
001-111 = Position the HSYNC leading edge by 2 to 8 DOTCLKs with respect to the input HSYNC
rising edge. Note that there is no setting for a position of 1 DOTCLOCK.
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Revision 2.1
Table 3-8. Panel Output Timing Selection Bits (Continued)
Bit
Name
4:0
HSYNC_TRAILING
_EDGE
Description
Horizontal Sync Trailing Edge Position: Selects the position of the trailing edge of the output
HSYNC pulse with respect to the rising edge of the modified input HSYNC pulse. The modified input
HSYNC pulse is that which has been inverted, or not inverted, by bit 29. The position is programmable in steps of 1 DOTCLK, starting at 1 DOTCLOCK and extending up to 31. Bit 27 must be set in
order for bits [4:0] to be recognized. Note that there are combinations of bits [7:5] and [4:0] that can
result in a zero- or negative-length pulse, for example if the trailing edge is positioned before the
leading edge. In this case, the output pulse will not be generated.
00000 = Does not generate the HSYNC pulse if bit 27 = 0. (Default).
00001 - 11111 = The HSYNC trailing edge position can be varied from 1 to 31 DOTCLKs with
respect to the input HYSNC rising edge.
Offset 404h-407h
30
PASS_THRU
Panel Timing Register 2 (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
Pass-Through: Activates the Pass-Through mode. In Pass-Through mode, the input timing and the
pixel data are passed directly onto the panel interface timing and the panel data pins to drive the
panel; the internal CS9211 logic and timing is not used. In normal mode, Offset 400h[7:0], 404h[29],
and 404h[27:24] are effective.
0 = Normal mode; output timing uses the logic and timing from the CS9211.
1 = Pass-Through mode; CS9211 internal timing logic functions are not used.
29
LDE_POL_SEL
Display Timing Strobe Polarity Select: Selects the polarity of the LDE pin (pin 32). This can be
used for some TFT panels that require an active low timing LDE.
0 = LDE signal is active low (Default).
1 = LDE signal is active high.
27
PSH_CLK_CTL
Panel Shift Clock Retrace Activity Control: Programs the shift clock (SHFCLK, pin 30) to be either
free running or active only during the display period. Some TFT panels recommend keeping the shift
clock running during the retrace time. This bit has no effect in DSTN or SSTN modes.
0 = Shift clock is active only during active display period.
1 = Shift clock is free running during the entire frame period.
26
LP_HSYNC_SEL
LP/HSYNC Select: Selects the function of LP/HSYNC (pin 31). Set this bit based on the panel type
connected. For DSTN or SSTN panels, set this bit to 0. For TFT panels, set this bit to 1.
0 = LP (output for DSTN/SSTN panel).
1 = HSYNC (output for TFT panel).
23
VSYNC_POL
Vertical Sync Output Polarity: Selects polarity of the output VSYNC signal (pin 33). This bit is
effective only for TFT panels; for this bit to function, bit 24 must be set to 1. Note that Offset 400h[30]
selects the polarity of the input HSYNC, whereas bit 23 selects the polarity of the output VSYNC.
0 = VSYNC output is active high.
1 = VSYNC output is active low.
22
HSYNC_POL
Horizontal Sync Output Polarity: Selects polarity of output HSYNC signal (pin 31). This bit is effective only for TFT panels; for this bit to function, bit 26 must be set to 1. Note that Offset 400h[29]
selects the polarity of the input VSYNC, whereas bit 22 selects the polarity of the output HSYNC.
0 = HSYNC output is active high.
1 = HSYNC output is active low.
13
CONT_LPS
Continuous Line Pulses: This bit selects whether line pulses are continuously output or are output
only during the active display time. In most cases, DSTN panels require continuous line pulses
(LPs). This bit will have no effect if the CS9211 is set to TFT mode.
0 = Continuous line pulses.
1 = Line pulses during the display time only.
Revision 2.1
25
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
3.2.4 Frame Rate Modulation
The Frame Rate Modulation (FRM) scheme is the heart of
the CS9211. Frame Rate Modulation cannot be turned off
but it can be modified through certain programming registers and internal memories.
of a modulated pixel to perceive intensities between fully off
(black) and fully on (bright red).
The FRM algorithm in the CS9211 uses 64-frame-long
sequences to determine when to turn the red, green, and
blue pixel color components on and off. (A frame is one
complete image on a panel.) The sequence repeats itself
every 64 frames. The CS9211 contains one 64-bit x 32-bit
FRM memory for each of the three primary pixel colors,
red, green, and blue. These three memories can be programmed simultaneously or individually. Each of the three
memories holds up to 32 different modulation sequences,
therefore 32 different intensities for each primary color
component can be generated by Frame Rate Modulation.
The memory values can be set to provide any intensity
variation to accommodate the properties of different LCD
panels, but for best results, successive values should
increase monotonically.
Each pixel on an LCD panel consists of three primary color
components: red, green, and blue. Each primary color
component, for a given pixel, can either be turned on or
turned off; there are no intermediate intensities. A total of
eight colors can be generated for a given pixel through various combinations of turning each color component on or
off. In order to generate more colors, Frame Rate Modulation (and dithering) is used. The idea behind Frame Rate
Modulation is to turn each primary color component of a
pixel on and off a certain fraction of the time to create the
perception of intensities between fully off and fully on.
For example, imagine a pixel whose blue and green color
components are always off. If the pixel’s red color component was also always off, the pixel would be black. If the
pixel’s red color component was always on, the pixel would
be the brightest red. If the red color component was blinking on and off for equal intervals, then the pixel would look
about half as bright as the brightest red. Use of intervals
other than 50%-on/50%-off will yield other intensities
between black and fully bright. Assuming the blink rate is
sufficiently fast, a viewer’s eye would integrate the intensity
The number of discrete intensities is chosen with Offset
40Ch[6:4] (see Table 3-9). These bits determine how many
of the most significant bits of each pixel value for each color
component will be used by the FRM algorithm to generate
the base intensities. FRM can use 5-bit to 1-bit schemes in
order to share the 6-bit input. If a 5-bit FRM scheme is
used, there are 25 (32) base intensities (prior to dithering).
If a 1-bit scheme is used, only 21 (2) intensities are available, with the first 16 intensities having one bit sequence
and the next 16 intensities using the other bit sequence.
Table 3-9. Frame Rate Modulation Control Bit
Bit
Name
Offset 40Ch-40Fh
6:4
NO_OF_FRM
INTENSITIES
Description
Dither and Frame Rate Control Register (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
Number Of FRM Intensities: The value set by bits [6:4] is the number of intensities that will exist due to
Frame Rate Modulation, prior to dithering. This field selects how many of the incoming most significant
data bits (per color) are used to generate the FRM intensities.
000 = 2 FRM intensities (selects 1 MS (most-significant) bit for use by FRM).
001 = 4 FRM intensities (selects 2 MS bits for use by FRM).
010 = 8 FRM intensities (selects 3 MS bits for use by FRM).
011 = 16 FRM intensities (selects 4 MS bits for use by FRM).
100 = 32 FRM intensities (selects 5 MS bits for use by FRM).
101, 110, 111 = Reserved.
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Revision 2.1
Table 3-10 is an example of one of the three 32 x 64 FRMSequence tables that is addressed by the most significant
bit of the incoming pixel value. The ”n” most-significant bits
(as chosen by Offset 40Ch[6:4]) of each color component
of each incoming pixel looks up one of the 64-bit words
from this table. The number of 1’s in each 64-bit word
determines how bright the pixel will be when that word is
chosen. A word with all zeros will never illuminate the given
pixel in that color, therefore the pixel will be black. A word
with only one “1” will illuminate the given pixel one frame
out of 64, so the pixel will be as dim as possible without
being off entirely. A word with 10 “1”s will illuminate the
given pixel 10 frames out of 64. A word with 64 “1”s will illuminate the given pixel in each of the 64 frames, so that
pixel will be as bright as possible.
(intensity) column indicates the duty cycle of the primary
color.
The intensity level of this FRM table starts from 0/64 and
gradually increases to 16/64 instead of jumping directly to
16/64. It seems that the human eye is less sensitive to frequency variation at low intensity. As the intensity level
increases, it increases slowly from 16/64 to 48/64 to create
a smooth transition of intensities. The full scale intensity
level is truncated at 48/64 intentionally; above this point the
differences between levels start to become visible. There is
a trade-off between maximum intensity level and smooth
gradations of color.
The generation of FRM tables suitable for driving a particular display panel in a particular application requires a good
understanding of human vision and significant experimentation. Good candidate patterns for these tables will have
1’s separated by equal numbers of 0’s throughout the word,
instead of clumping all the 1’s together in a particular location. Successive values should increase monotonically. All
three tables may be identically or individually programmed.
The Freq (frequency ratio) indicates the number of 0 to 1
transitions within 64 frames. This value multiplied by the
refresh rate will give the frequency of frame rate modulation of a particular intensity. Higher frequency frame rate
modulation will result in better picture quality. The Int
Table 3-10. Example FRM RAM Table for One Color Component
Col
Frame Count from 0 to 63
Freq
Int
0
00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000
0/64
0/64
1
00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000
0/64
0/64
2
00000001,00000001,00000001,00000001,00000001,00000001,00000001,00000001
8/64
8/64
3
00000010,00001000,00010000,01000001,00000010,00001000,00010000,01000001
10/64
10/64
4
00010001,00010001,00010001,00010001,00010001,00010001,00010001,00010001
16/64
16/64
5
00010010,01001001,00100100,10010010,01001001,00100100,10010010,01001001
21/64
21/64
6
00100100,10010100,10010010,01010010,01001010,01001001,00101001,00100101
23/64
23/64
7
00100101,00100101,00100101,00100101,00100101,00100101,00100101,00100101
24/64
24/64
8
00100101,00101001,01001001,01001010,01010010,10010010,10010100,10100101
25/64
25/64
9
00101001,01001010,01010010,10010101,00101001,01001010,01010010,10010101
26/64
26/64
10
00101001,01010010,10100101,00101010,01010100,10100101,01001010,10010101
27/64
27/64
11
00101010,01010101,00101010,01010101,00101010,01010101,00101010,01010101
28/64
28/64
12
00101010,10010101,01010010,10101010,01010101,01001010,10101001,01010101
29/64
29/64
13
00101010,10101010,01010101,01010101,00101010,10101010,01010101,01010101
30/64
30/64
14
00101010,10101010,10101010,10101010,01010101,01010101,01010101,01010101
31/64
31/64
15
01010101,01010101,01010101,01010101,01010101,01010101,01010101,01010101
32/64
32/64
16
01010101,01010101,01010101,01010101,10101010,10101010,10101010,10101011
31/64
33/64
17
01010101,01010101,10101010,10101011,01010101,01010101,10101010,10101011
30/64
34/64
18
01010101,01101010,10101101,01010101,10101010,10110101,01010110,10101011
29/64
35/64
19
01010101,10101011,01010101,10101011,01010101,10101011,01010101,10101011
28/64
36/64
20
01010110,10101101,01011010,11010101,10101011,01011010,10110101,01101011
27/64
37/64
21
01010110,10110101,10101101,01101011,01010110,10110101,10101101,01101011
26/64
38/64
22
01011010,11010110,10110110,10110101,10101101,01101101,01101011,01011011
25/64
39/64
23
01011011,01011011,01011011,01011011,01011011,01011011,01011011,01011011
24/64
40/64
24
01011011,01101011,01101101,10101101,10110101,10110110,11010110,11011011
23/64
41/64
25
01011011,01101101,10110110,11011011,01011011,01101101,10110110,11011011
22/64
42/64
26
01101101,10110110,11011011,01101101,10110110,11011011,01101101,10110111
21/64
43/64
27
01101101,10110111,01101101,10110111,01101101,10110111,01101101,10110111
20/64
44/64
28
01101101,11011011,01110110,11011101,10111011,01101110,11011011,10110111
19/64
45/64
29
01101110,11011101,10111011,01110111,01101110,11011101,10111011,01110111
18/64
46/64
30
01101110,11101110,11011101,11011101,10111011,10111011,01110111,01110111
17/64
47/64
31
01110111,01110111,01110111,01110111,01110111,01110111,01110111,01110111
16/64
48/64
Revision 2.1
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
3.2.4.1 Removal of Flickering
One side effect of frame rate modulation is flickering. If a
large group of pixels on an LCD panel were the exact same
intensity, and all of the pixels in this large group were blinking on and off together in synchronization, the flickering
effect would be detectable by the human eye. The CS9211
removes detectable flickering by de-synchronizing adjacent
pixels so that they do not blink on and off at the same time.
In order to randomize the switching sequence further, each
primary color FRM RAM Table has an independent 15-bit
LFSR, with its own seed value. These seed values are fully
programmable. The only side effect of this implementation
is motion artifacts on the display, which is common in FRM
implementations. As long as the refresh rate of the LCD
panel is high, this effect should not be noticeable.
3.2.5 FRM Memory
The three 32 x 64 FRM memories are programmed through
the serial interface. There is one separate FRM look-up
table for each primary color (R, G, and B). Table 3-11
shows the registers used to program the FRM RAM tables.
The FRM RAM tables can be programmed either individually or all together using the register Offset 418h[9:8]. Register Offset 418h[5:0] is used to select the initial FRM RAM
index, which automatically increment with each read or
write operation. Register Offset 41Ch[31:0] is used to
access the actual FRM RAM data. Two 32-bit register
accesses are required to fill one 64-bit FRM RAM location.
The de-synchronization is implemented by using two linear
feedback shift registers (LFSR) to randomize the switching
sequences of each individual pixel on the display. A 15-bit
LFSR, which is advanced every pixel clock, is used to generate global randomization. A 9-bit LFSR, which is
advanced every HSYNC, is used to generate local randomization. Both LFSRs are reset every frame. The addition of
the lower 6 bits of these two LFSRs gives each pixel a
pseudo-randomized index into the chosen 64-bit word of
the corresponding FRM RAM Table. Using this index and
frame count, every pixel on the display starts the switching
sequence from 1 of the 64 possible positions pseudo-randomly and completes one sequence in 64 frames.
Table 3-11. FRM Memory Access Control Bits
Bit
Name
Offset 418h-41Bh
9:8
RGB_SEL
Description
FRM Memory Index Register (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
RGB Memory (FRM RAM) Select: Allows reading or writing to individual R,G, and B memory FRM
RAM locations or writing to all of them at the same time.
00 = Read from R FRM RAM but write to RGB FRM RAM.
01 = read or write to R FRM RAM.
10 = Read or write to G FRM RAM.
11 = Read or write to B FRM RAM.
Note: All FRM RAMs can be accessed through the serial interface before the panel is powered up.
5:0
FRM_INDEX
FRM Memory Index: This auto-incrementing value represents the index to the FRM RAM. Each RAM
is configured as 32x64, requiring two index values to update each row of FRM RAM.
For example, the 00h index value will update the 32 LSB’s of row “0” FRM RAM and the 01h index value
will update the 32 MSB’s of row “0” FRM RAM.
To update the entire RAM location, the index is programmed only once with the starting value, “00”.
This is used inside the CS9211 to auto increment the FRM RAM locations for every FRM RAM data
access using the Offset 41Ch.
Offset 41Ch-41Fh
31:0
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FRM_DATA
FRM Memory Data Register
Reset Value = 00000000h
FRM Memory Data Register: This 32-bit data represents FRM RAM data to be read or written to the
FRM RAM table in accordance to the RGB_SEL (Offset 418h[9:8]) and the index value (Offset
418h[5:0]).
28
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3.2.6 Dithering
Dithering creates intermediate color intensities by mixing
available colors. Human vision sees an average of the
intensities of adjacent pixels on a screen. Although dithering provides additional shades, it does so by sacrificing
spatial resolution.
pixels are dithered down to intensity “Dh”, and two are
passed through unchanged as Eh. In Case 3) , selected by
dither bits 10, only one pixel is dithered down to brightness
Dh, and the other three pass through unchanged. In Case
4), the dither pattern contains all zeros, so the value Eh is
passed through unchanged for all four pixels in the 2x2
square. Moving from Case 1 to Case 4, one less pixel is
dithered down in each case In Case 5), the sequence
begins again with the next-brightest intensity, Eh, being the
one that is dithered-down to.
3.2.6.1 Theory Of Dithering
The number of colors that a given panel displays can be
enhanced beyond the intensity combinations generated by
frame rate modulation by way of a technique called dithering. The drawback is that fine spatial details are lost in this
process, and boundaries between regions of differing color
intensities become blurred.
3.2.6.2 Pre-Programmed Dither Patterns (ROM)
The example discussed with reference to Figure 3-9 is 2-bit
dithering. In 2-bit dithering, four patterns are used, as
shown in Cases 1-4.
For example, consider just the red color component of a
2x2 square of pixels. If the only two options for the red color
component were to be turned on or off, there would be only
two colors, black and the brightest red. However, if two of
the pixels’ red color components in the 2x2 square were
turned on and two were turned off, the human eye would
blend these adjacent pixels and the 2x2 pixel square would
appear to be half as bright as the brightest red.
Input
display
Case 1)
“00”
This process is illustrated in Figure 3-9. Suppose each
pixel in a 2x2 square had 6 bits of data associated with it.
The frame rate modulator is using the upper four most significant bits, so the lower two bits would be lost or truncated
without the support of the dithering process. Consider the
arbitrary 6-bit pixel value 38h = 11_1000; the upper four
bits of 38h are 1110, which in hex is “E”. Without dithering,
pixel values 39h (11_1001), 3Ah (11_1010), and 3Bh
(11_1011) would all be displayed the same as pixel value
38h (11_1000), since the upper four bits are the same for
each value (“E”). Since pixel value 3Ch (11_1100) has a
different set of upper four bits (1111 instead of 1110), 3Ch
would appear brighter than 38h. So, without dithering, it
would seem that the panel could accurately display only
pixel values 38h and 3Ch. When the two LSBs are
removed, these become values Eh and Fh, respectively.
39h 39h
“01”
39h 39h
3Ah 3Ah
Case 3)
“10”
3Ah 3Ah
3Bh 3Bh
Case 4)
“11”
3Bh 3Bh
3Ch 3Ch
Case 5)
“00”
+
38h 38h
Case 2)
Dithering provides a means of displaying the “missing” values 39h, 3Ah, and 3Bh, by displaying combinations of the
values the panel is able to display in a 2x2 square. The
average intensity of the pixels in the 2x2 square becomes
the intensity of the ‘missing’ values, as illustrated in Figure
3-9. In order to leave room at the top of the intensity scale,
value 3Bh is passed through unchanged, and values 38h,
39h, and 3Ah are modified by the dither algorithm.
3Ch 3Ch
+
+
+
+
Actual
display
0
1
Eh
Dh
1
1
Dh
Dh
0
1
Eh
Dh
1
0
Dh
Eh
1
0
Dh
Eh
0
0
Eh
Eh
0
0
Eh
Eh
0
0
Eh
Eh
0
1
Fh
Eh
1
1
Eh
Eh
Figure 3-9. Effect of Two-Bit Dithering
Cases 1-4 can be redrawn as a single picture. Refer to the
dark outlined 2x2 box contained within the 8x8 pixel pattern
on the “2-bit scheme” in Figure 3-10. The numbers in the
pixels indicate the value of the lower two bits: 00 = blank,
01 = “1”, 10 = “2”, and 11 = “3”. When the value is “00”, only
the pixel shown as blank will retain the input color intensity.
The other three pixels will be decremented to the next
available intensity value. As the lower two bits of any intensity value increase from 00 to 01, the pixel labeled “1” will
retain the input value and the other two will be decremented to the next available intensity. When the lower two
bits are 10 (“2”), then the pixel labeled “2” will also retain
the input value, and the remaining one pixel will be decremented to the next available intensity. When the lower two
bits are 11 (“3”), then all four pixels retain the input value.
One of four dither patterns are chosen by the two LSBs,
bolded below the “Case n” text in Figure 3-9. A zero in the
dither pattern (middle column of Figure 3-9) indicates the
input value will be passed through unchanged. A one in the
dither pattern indicates the displayed value should be decremented to the next available intensity value.
In Case 1) of Figure 3-9, all four pixels want to be value
38h, which is no problem for the panel since 38h (or Eh) is
one of the values it can display directly. However, the dither
pattern contains three ones, so three of the pixels in this
square are dithered down to the next available brightness,
“Dh”. In Case 2), all four pixels want to be intensity 39. Two
Revision 2.1
38h 38h
dither
pattern
29
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
the dithering logic is disabled, then only FRM will be producing the color intensities. FRM cannot be turned off.
Figure 3-10 shows the order in which pixels will be dithered
down to the next available intensity, as the least significant
bits increase from “0”, for 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-bit dithering.
The first step in setting the registers is to decide how to
split the incoming bits per pixel between bits used for FRM
and bits used for dithering. Offset 40Ch[6:4, 3:1] determines these settings; these two groups of bits must be set
to match each other.
The values are given in hexadecimal. The CS9211 also
supports 5-bit dithering but that pattern is not shown.
The patterns shown in Figure 3-10 are stored in the
CS9211’s internal ROM. These patterns will be used when
the dither ROM is selected by Offset 40Ch[12] = 0.
Next, the user must decide whether to use the pre-programmed (ROM) internal dithering patterns or create new
ones in the dither RAM. If RAM will be used, program Offset 40Ch[12] and Offset 424h[7:6] accordingly. If pre-programmed dither patterns (ROM) will be used, the dither
RAM will go into a reduced power state when it is deselected by Offset 40Ch[12] = 0 and Offset 424h[7:6] = 00.
3.2.6.3 Controlling Dithering
Table 3-13 "Dithering Programming Bits" on page 32 indicates the register settings used to control the dithering process.
The incoming pixel data goes through the dithering logic.
Dither logic is enabled by writing a “1” to Offset 40Ch[0]. If
F
7
D
5
F
7
D
5
1
5
3
B
1
9
3
B
1
9
7
3
C
4
E
6
C
4
E
6
2
6
8
2
A
8
2
A
F
7
D
5
F
7
D
5
3
B
1
9
3
B
1
C
4
E
6
C
4
8
2
A
8
6
1
5
4
7
3
1
5
2
6
1
5
4
7
3
4
7
3
1
5
2
6
1
5
2
6
9
7
3
4
7
3
E
6
2
6
1
5
2
6
1
5
2
A
4
7
3
4
7
3
4-Bit Scheme
3
1
3
2
3
1
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
3
1
2
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
6
4
4
2-Bit Scheme
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
2
3-Bit Scheme
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1-Bit Scheme
Figure 3-10. N-Bit Dithering Pattern Schemes
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30
Revision 2.1
3.2.7 User-defined Dither Patterns
The CS9211 allows the user to define custom dither patterns, should the pre-programmed patterns prove to be
insufficient. As shown in Table 3-13, this memory is
accessed through Offset 424h (control and address) and
428h (data).
The fractional notation in Table 3-12 identifies a smaller
matrix (sub-matrix) by using a denominator which refers to
the number of squares in the sub-matrix, and a numerator
which refers to the number of “1” entries in a given matrix.
Thus the notation “7/8” refers to a 2 x 4 matrix (from the 3bit dithering scheme) which contains 7 ones.
The dither RAM structure is 32 columns x 64 rows, in which
each column represents one 8x8 dither pattern matrix, like
one of the matrices shown in Figure 3-10. The first row of
the 8x8 matrix goes into rows 0 - 7 of the appropriate column, with the left-most bit going into row 0 or the column,
and the right-most bit going into row 7 of the column. The
second row goes into rows 8-15 of the same column, and
so on until the eighth row of the 8x8 matrix goes into rows
48-63 of the column. This structure is illustrated in Figure
3-11.
Table 3-12 does not contain all possible ‘fractional’ entries
for a given dithering scheme. For instance, in the 3-bit
schemes, there is no entry for the “1/8” matrix. The “1/8”
matrix (being a 2x4 matrix which contains a single 1) would
be the logical inverse of the “7/8” matrix, hence, storing the
1/8 matrix is unnecessary. Similarly, the “2/8” matrix is the
inverse of the “6/8” matrix, and the “3/8” matrix is the
inverse of the “5/8” matrix. The matrices that are not stored
directly are accessed when the most-significant dither bit is
a 1. An exception is the “0/n” matrix, which contains no
ones. It is stored in INVERSE FORM in column 0, since
there is no stored “n/n” matrix to read the inverse of. The “I”
after any fractional designation in the column 0 and 16
entries entries of Table 3-12 indicates this matrix should be
stored in inverse form.
543210
Offset 424h (row pointer)
30 31
01 2
0
1
Columns
0
1
Table 3-12. Dither RAM Column Usage
Dither RAM
Rows
63
1
1
Number of Dither Bits
Column
1
2
3
4
5
0
0/2 I
0/4 I
0/8 I
0/16 I
0/32 I
1
8x8 matrix
2
0 1
31/32
3
4
15/16
30/32
5
1 1
6
29/32
7
Figure 3-11. Dither Ram Structure
8
7/8
14/16
28/32
9
The dither RAM is loaded row by row, not column by column, so the user must write out each matrix in a column,
then convert the resulting rows to the data to be loaded, via
Offset 424h and 428h. Offset 424 points to the row to be
loaded, and offset 428h supplies the data to the row.
10
27/32
11
12
13/16
14
Looking back at Figure 3-9, it is apparent that the dither
patterns associated with Cases 1) and 3) are logical
inverses of each other, thereby precluding the need to
store both of them in the RAM. Data is read back from the
dither RAM either inverted or non-inverted, according to
the MSB of the dither bits. If the MSB of the dither bits is
one, data will be read from the dither RAM as inverted
data. The user who chooses to define custom dither patterns must maintain inverse dither pattern pairs or else
their patterns will not work correctly.
25/32
15
16
3/4 I
6/8 I
12/16 I
24/32 I
17
18
23/32
19
20
11/16
22/32
21
22
21/32
23
24
Table 3-12 indicates which 8x8 matrices go into which columns of the dither RAM. The entries in Table 3-12 are a
fractional form of notation employed to identify the matrix.
As shown in Figure 3-10, the 8x8 matrices are made up of
smaller matrices that are replicated to fill out the 8x8
matrix. The notations in Table 3-12 refer to the smaller
matrices (sub-matrices) from which the 8x8 matrices are
built.
Revision 2.1
26/32
13
5/8
10/16
20/32
25
26
19/32
27
28
9/16
18/32
8/16
16/32
29
30
31
31
17/32
1/2
2/4
4/8
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Table 3-13. Dithering Programming Bits
Bit
Name
Offset 40Ch-40Fh
12
DITHER_RAM_
ROM_SEL
Description
Dither and Frame Rate Control Register (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
Dither RAM or ROM Select: This bit selects either internal ROM or internal RAM as the source of the
dither patterns.
0 = Selects fixed (internal to CS9211) ROM for dither patterns (Default).
1 = Selects programmable (internal to CS9211) RAM for dither patterns.
To update the dither RAM, this bit must = 1.
Note: See Offset 424h[6].
6:4
NO_OF_FRM
INTENSITIES
Number Of FRM Intensities: The value set by bits [6:4] is the number of intensities that will exist due to
Frame Rate Modulation, prior to dithering. This field selects how many of the incoming most significant
(MS) data bits (per color) are used to generate the FRM intensities .
000 = Two FRM intensities (selects 1 MS (most significant) bit for use by FRM).
001 = Four FRM intensities (selects 2 MS bits for use by FRM).
010 = Eight FRM intensities (selects 3 MS bits for use by FRM).
011 = Sixteen FRM intensities (selects 4 MS bits for use by FRM).
100 = Thirty two FRM intensities (selects 5 MS bits for use by FRM).
101, 110, 111 = Reserved.
3:1
DITH_BITS
Dithering Bits Select: This field is used to select the number of bits to be used for the dithering pattern.
Dither bits are the least-significant bits of each pixel’s color value.
000 = Reserved
001 = Selects 5 bits as dither bits. Number of FRM intensities should be 2 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 000).
010 = Selects 4 bits as dither bits. Number of FRM intensities should be 4 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 001).
011 = Selects 3 bits as dither bits. Number of FRM intensities should be 8 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 010).
100 = Selects 2 bits as dither bits. Number of FRM intensities should be 16 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 011).
101 = Selects 1 bit as a dither bit. Number of FRM intensities should be 32 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 100).
0
DITH_ENB
Dithering Enable: Enable/disable dithering. The dither bit must be enabled in order for dither RAM
reads or writes to occur. When this bit is cleared, the internal dither RAM is powered down.
0 = Dither disable - The dithering function is turned off. When the dither is disabled, dither bits [3:1] do
not have any effect and the dither RAM is not accessible.
1 = Dither enable. The dither functions with the number of dither bits as set in [3:1]
Offset 424h-427h
7
DITHER_
RAM_ACCESS
Dither RAM Control and Address Register
Reset Value = 00000000h
Dither RAM Access Bit: Allows reads and writes to and from dither RAM.
0 = Disable (Do not allow reads or writes).
1 = Enable (Allow reads and writes).
To perform dither RAM reads and writes, bits 7 and 6 must be set to 1. In addition, Offset 40Ch bits 12
and 0 must be set to 1. If any of these bits are not set to 1, the RAM goes into power-down mode.
6
DITHER_
RAM_UPDT
Dither RAM Update: This bit works in conjunction with bit 7. If this bit is enabled, it allows the data to
update the RAM.
0 = Disable (do not allow dither RAM access).
1 = Enable (allow dither RAM access).
To perform dither RAM reads and writes, bits 7 and 6 must be set to 1. In addition, Offset 40Ch bits 12
and 0 must be set to 1. If any of these bits are not set to 1, the RAM goes into power-down mode.
5:0
DITHER_
RAM_ADDR
Offset 428h-42Bh
31:0
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RAM_DATA
Dither RAM Address: This 6-bit field specifies the address to be used for the next access to the dither
RAM. Each access to the data register automatically increments the RAM address register. If nonsequential access is made to the dither RAM, the address register must be reloaded before each nonsequential data block.
RAM Data Register (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
RAM Data: This 32-bit field contains the read or write data for the RAM access.
32
Revision 2.1
3.2.8 CRC Signature
The CS9211 contains hardware logic that performs Cyclical Redundancy Checks (CRCs) on the panel data digital
pipeline, using the polynomial 1 + x3 + x4 + x24. This feature
is used for error detection during silicon and design validation and makes it possible to capture a unique 24-bit signature for any given mode setup. An error in the dither/FRM
pixel pipeline will produce a different signature when compared to a known good signature value. Various logic
blocks can be configured, as shown in Table 3-14. This
allows the programmer to quickly and accurately test data
processing without having to look for incorrect pixels on the
screen. In the FRM block test, each frame will produce a
different signature in a sequence, which repeats after 64
frames. The signature and the corresponding frame count
can be read from the register Offset 42Ch. Table 3-15
shows the bit formats for the register that controls this feature, and Figure 3-12 shows a simple block diagram.
PANEL_DATA[23:0]
(LD/UD)
24
CRC
Signature
Address
24
CRC
Offset 2Ch[31:8]
SHFCLK
VSYNC/FLM
5
FRAME_CNTR
Frame Count
Offset 2Ch[7:2]
Figure 3-12. CRC Data Path
Table 3-14. Logic Functions Affecting the CRC
Dither Enable for
TFT/DSTN/SSTN
Bypass Dither for
TFT/DSTN/SSTN
FRM Enable for
DSTN/SSTN
Offset 40Ch[6:0]
Offset 40Ch[6:0]
000,001,1
101,XXX,X
Changes with the Frame
Count (0 to 31)
Note: Generates the signature (Offset
42Ch[31:8]) for a given
frame count (Offset
42Ch[7:2])
001,010,1
010,011,1
011,100,1
100,101,1
FRM Bypass for
DSTN/SSTN
Bypass CS9211
LFSR = 00
Offset 404h[30] = 1
FRM_RAM Contents =
all 0’s
101,XXX,X
Table 3-15. Panel CRC Signature Register
Bit
Name
Offset 42Ch-42Fh
31:8
SIG_DATA
7:2
FRAME_CNT
1
SGFR
Description
Panel CRC Signature Register (R/W)
Reset Value = xxxxxxxxh
Signature Address (Read Only): 24-bit signature data for dither logic or FRM logic.
Frame Count: Represents the frame count, which is an index for the generated signature for that
frame.
Signature Free Run: The value of this bit during the first cycle of a frame determines whether a signature will be generated for that frame. If this bit is kept high, with signature enabled (bit 0 = 1), the signature generator captures data continuously across multiple frames. Changing this bit from high-to-low
causes the signature generation process to stop after the current frame.
0 = Do not capture signature during next frame.
1 = Capture signature during next frame.
0
Revision 2.1
SIG_EN
Signature Enable: Enables/disables signature capture. 0 = Disable; 1 = Enable.
33
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Table 3-16 provides the mapping for the panel data bits as
inputs to the CRC.
Panel selection is done through the register bits at Offset
404h[18:16]. The selection of these bits generates the
desired SHFCLK from the pixel clock, based on the panel
type selected, and steers the internal pixel bus onto the
panel interface data pins (the LD and UD groups in Table 34). All unused pins are driven with 0’s.
Where:
RU1/BU1/GU1 -> pixel 1
RU2/GU2/BU2 -> pixel 2
and so on for the Upper Display from line 1 to line 240 of a
640x480 panel, and
This panel data is sent to the CRC signature generator.
The CRC value varies for each panel configuration for a
fixed on-screen image.
RL1/GL1/BL1 -> pixel 1
RL2/GL2/BL2 -> pixel 2
and so on for the Lower Display from line 241 to line 480.
Table 3-16. Mapping of Panel Data as CRC Input
CRC
Input
(LD/UD)
DSTN 16-Bit,
Offset 404h[18:16] = 001
SSTN 8-Bit,
Offset 404h[18:16] = 011
DSTN 24-Bit, Offset
404h[18:16] = 010
1st Input
to CRC
2nd Input
to CRC
3rd Input
to CRC
1st Input
to CRC
bit[0]
BU4
0
0
0
0
bit[1]
GU4
0
0
0
0
0
bit[2]
RU4
0
0
0
0
B0
bit[3]
BU3
0
0
0
0
bit4]
GU3
GU3
RU6
BU8
G3
bit[5]
RU3
RU3
BU5
GU8
bit[6]
BU2
BU2
GU5
RU8
bit[7]
GU2
GU2
RU5
bit[8]
RU2
0
0
2nd Input
to CRC
3rd Input
to CRC
TFT, Offset
404h[18:16] = 010
0
B1
R6
B8
B2
R3
B5
G8
B3
B2
G5
R8
B4
BU7
G2
R5
B7
B5
0
0
0
bit[9]
BU1
0
0
0
0
bit[10]
GU1
RU2
BU4
GU7
R2
B4
G7
G0
bit[11]
RU1
BU1
GU4
RU7
B1
G4
R7
G1
bit[12]
BL4
GU1
RU4
BU6
G1
R4
B6
G2
bit[13]
GL4
RU1
BU3
GU6
R1
B3
G6
bit[14]
RL4
GL3
RL6
BL8
0
G4
bit[15]
BL3
RL3
BL5
GL8
0
G5
bit[16]
GL3
0
0
0
0
0
bit[17]
RL3
0
0
0
0
0
bit[18]
BL2
BL2
GL5
RL8
0
R0
bit[19]
GL2
GL2
RL5
BL7
0
R1
bit[20]
RL2
RL2
BL4
GL7
0
R2
bit[21]
BL1
BL1
GL4
RL7
0
R3
bit[22]
GL1
GL1
RL4
BL6
0
R4
bit[23]
RL1
RL1
BL3
GL6
0
R5
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34
0
G3
Revision 2.1
3.2.9 Simultaneous Display
The problem with displaying pixel data to both a CRT
screen and a DSTN panel at the same time is that horizontal scan lines in both the upper and lower halves of a DSTN
panel screen must be written at the same time. This differs
from the order that pixel data is written to a CRT screen,
where the pixel data for one horizontal scan line at a time is
written to the screen, starting with the scan line at the top
of the screen and ending at the bottom of the screen.
3.2.10 Maximum Frequency
The CS9211 will operate at a DOTCLK frequency of up to
65 MHz. There is no minimum frequency for the CS9211
device; however, many flat panels have signal timings that
require minimum frequencies. Refer to the flat panel display manufacturer’s specifications as appropriate.
3.2.11 Memory Controller
To support DSTN panels, the CS9211 memory interface
must be connected to a DRAM in either EDO (Extended
Data Out) or SDRAM format. This DRAM is used to store a
DSTN-formatted copy of the frame buffer. Pixel data is
received by the pixel port, formatted by the Frame Rate
Modulator and dither block, and then stored in the frame
buffer. The formatted pixel data is subsequently read from
the memory and used to refresh the DSTN panel. Table 317 shows the registers associated with programming the
memory controller.
Designs which incorporate the CS9211 are able to support
simultaneous display with a DSTN panel and CRT. The
CS9211 stores DSTN pixel data in the external frame buffers, and then reorders the pixel data stream to include pixel
data for both the upper and lower halves of the screen
before sending the data out to the panel. The data in the
frame buffer has already been frame-rate-modulated
and/or dithered, if necessary, and packed as three bits per
pixel.
Simultaneous display is supported only with the panel and
CRT in the same mode and refresh rate. In this mode, the
refresh rate should be set as high as possible while maintaining compatibility with established monitor timing standards.
Table 3-17. Memory Controller Programming Registers
Bit
Name
Offset 404h-407h
31
HIGH_RESOL_
MCLK
Description
Panel Timing Register 2 (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
High Resolution MCLK: Selects the MCLK frequency in terms or the DOTCLK frequency.
This bit should be programmed as “0” for all the DSTN panels with resolutions up to 800x600, where the
memory clock is the same as the DOTCLK. This should be set to “1” for the 1024x768 DSTN panel to
run the memory clock at two-thirds the rate of the DOTCLK.
0 = Memory clock runs at the same frequency as DOTCLK.
1 = Memory clock runs at two-thirds the frequency of the DOTCLK.
Offset 420h-423h
4
EDO_LATE
Memory Control Register
Reset Value = 1EF80008h
EDO DRAM Late Latch Bit: When this bit is set, the data is latched into the CS9211, one clock after
the data arrives from the DRAM. Since SSTN and TFT panels do not use any frame buffer, this bit is
used only for DSTN panels. This bit is effective only if EDO RAM is used, as selected by bit 0 = 0.
0 = Latch the data with no delay.
1 = Latch the data with a delay of one clock.
3
EDO_EDGE_SEL
EDO Data Latch Edge Select: This bit controls which clock edge is used to latch data. When this bit is
set, the data from the DRAM is latched into the CS9211 on the negative edge of the memory clock.
Since SSTN and TFT panels do not use any frame buffer, this bit is used only for DSTN panels. This bit
is effective only if EDO RAM is used, as selected by bit 0 = 0.
0 = Latch on positive (rising) edge.
1 = Latch on negative (falling) edge.
2
SDRAM_LD
SDRAM Load Bit: SDRAM Load Mode Register. When enabled, this bit activates RAM refresh. Since
SSTN and TFT panels do not use any frame buffer, this bit is used only for DSTN panels.
0 = Disable; 1 = Enable.
1
SDRAM_CLK
_INVERT
SDRAM Clock: Inverts the clock to the SDRAM interface. Since SSTN and TFT panels do not use any
frame buffer, this bit is used only for DSTN panels.
0 = Use inverted clock.
1 = Use non-inverted clock.
0
Revision 2.1
SDRAM_EDO
SDRAM or EDO: Selects external frame buffer memory type. Since SSTN and TFT panels do not use
any frame buffer, this bit is used only for DSTN panels. 0 = EDO; 1 = SDRAM.
35
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
3.2.12 Power Sequence Control
The CS9211 contains a power-sequence controller that
manages the application of the power and control voltages
to the panel in a specified order compatible with most panel
types. Table 3-18 shows the register control bits for power
sequencing and Figure 3-13 on page 37 identifies the
power sequence and the various delays.
3.2.12.1 External Power Sequencing
Offset 408h[27] selects whether power sequencing will be
controlled externally or internally. If external sequencing is
selected, then Offset 408h[24:18] do not have any effect.
When external power sequencing is selected, output
FP_VDDEN directly follows input ENA_VDDIN, and
FP_VCONEN follows input ENA_LCDIN. The DISPOFF#
signal may be directly controlled by writing to Offset
408h[25].
Four panel power control functions are managed by the
CS9211’s power sequence controller. With reference to
Figure 3-13, these are:
1)
2)
Data and Control Signal: Activity on the data and control lines to the panel is managed as part of the power
control sequence.
3)
FP_VCONEN, Flat Panel Voltage Contrast Enable:
This signal is designed to enable the contrast voltage
to the panel. It is intended that this signal be connected to a power FET or similar switching device
(either internal to the panel or not) that supplies the
contrast voltage to the panel, when enabled by this
signal. It should not be used as the source of contrast
voltage to the panel.
4)
3.2.12.2 Internal Power Sequencing
Offset 408h[27] selects whether power sequencing will be
controlled externally or internally. If internal sequencing is
selected, then the four functions listed above are controlled
automatically by the CS9211.
FP_VDDEN, Flat Panel VDD Enable: This signal is
designed to enable the basic panel power VDD. It is
intended that this signal be connected to a power FET
or similar switching device (either internal to the panel
or not) that supplies VDD to the panel, when enabled
by this signal. It should not be used as the source of
VDD to the panel.
When operating using internal power sequencing, a powerup or down sequence is initiated by writing to the Panel
Power Control bit at Offset 408h[24]. When the Panel
Power Control bit is low and written high, a panel power-up
sequence will occur, following the order given in Figure 313 and the timings as selected by Offset 408h[23:21]. If the
Panel Power Control bit is high and written low, a panel
power-down sequence will occur, following the order given
in Figure 3-13 and with the timings as selected by Offset
408h[20:18].
The Panel Power Control bit may be read at any time in
order to determine the assumed state of the panel. If the bit
is high, it is assumed that a low-to-high transition has previously occurred and the panel is on. If the bit is low, it is
assumed that either the bit has never been set high or a
high-to-low transition of the bit has previously occurred; in
either case the panel is off.
DISPOFF#, Disable Backlight Off: This signal is
intended to control the backlight of the panel. It is an
active-low signal; when asserted (low), it turns the
backlight off.
The length of each of the phase delays during the powerup and down sequences may be set to one of two values
(32 ms or 128 ms) by Phase Control bits at Offset
408h[23:18]. The delay controlled by each of these bits is
diagrammed in Figure 3-13.
Table 3-18. Power Sequence Control Bits
Bit
Name
Offset 408h-40Bh
27
PWR_SEQ_SEL
Description
Power Management Register (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
Power Sequence Select: Selects whether to use internal or external power sequence. The power
sequence controls the order in which FP_VDDEN, FP_VCONEN, the data and control signals, and
DISPOFF# become active during power-up, and inactive during power-down.
0 = Use internal power sequencing (phase timing is controlled by bits [24:18].
1 = Use external power sequencing (phase timing is controlled by signals generated from CS550A).
25
DISPOFF_CNTL
Display Off Control Source: Selects how DISPOFF# is controlled. Independent control may be
used to disable the backlight to save power, even if the panel is otherwise on.
0 = DISPOFF# is controlled by with the power-up/down sequence, internal or external mode.
1 = DISPOFF# immediately turns the backlight off.
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PWR_CNTL
Panel Power Control: Initiates the internal power-up or power-down sequence. When the bit is set
from high-to-low, the internal power-down sequence is initiated with the timings as selected by Offset
408h[20:18]. When the bit is set from low-to-high, the internal power-up sequence is initiated with the
timings as selected by Offset 408h[23:21]. This bit may be read to determine the power status (i.e.,
on or off) of the panel. This bit functions as described only if the internal power sequence has been
selected by bit [27]. 0 = Powered down; 1 = Powered up.
36
Revision 2.1
Table 3-18. Power Sequence Control Bits (Continued)
Bit
Name
Description
23
PWRUP_PHASE_2
Panel Power-Up Phase 2: Selects the interval between enabling FP_VDDEN to enabling panel data
and control signals. 0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
22
PWRUP_PHASE_1
Panel Power-Up Phase 1: Selects the interval between enabling the panel data signals to enabling
FP_VCONEN. 0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
21
PWRUP_PHASE_0
Panel Power-Up Phase 0: Selects the interval between disabling FP_VCONEN to disabling DISPOFF#. This bit is ineffective if independent DISPOFF# control is selected by bit 25.
0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
20
PWRDN_PHASE_0
Panel Power-Down Phase 0: Selects the interval between disabling panel DISPOFF# to disabling
FP_VCONEN. See Figure 3-13 on page 37. This bit is ineffective if independent DISPOFF# control is
selected by bit 25. 0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
19
PWRDN_PHASE_1
Panel Power-Down Phase 1: Selects the interval between disabling FP_VCONEN to disabling the
panel data signals. See Figure 3-13 "Panel Power Sequence" on page 37.
0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
18
PWRDN_PHASE_2
Panel Power-Down Phase 2: Selects the interval between disabling the panel data signals to disabling panel FP_VDDEN. See Figure 3-13 "Panel Power Sequence" on page 37.
0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
FP_VDDEN
Data and
Control
Signal
FP_VCONEN
DISPOFF#
bit 23
bit 18
tU1
tD1
bit 22
tU2
bit 19
tD2
bit 21
tU3
bit 20
tD3
Figure 3-13. Panel Power Sequence
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Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
• GPIO Data Register (Offset 434h)
3.2.13 General Purpose I/O Pins
The CS9211 provides eight GPIO (General Purpose I/O)
pins. There are two 32-bit registers used for programming
the GPIO pins:
— DATA Bits [7:0] - Contain direct values of the GPIO
pins. Write operations to the corresponding GPIO
pins should be done only for bits defined as outputs.
Reads from the data register will read the last written
value if the pin is an output.
• GPIO Control Register (Offset 438h):
— TYPE Bits [7:0] - Allows for setting each GPIO pin’s
direction (i.e., input or output).
— STS Bits [15:8] are read only status bits. The valid
GPIO pins’ status can be read from those pins.
— MODE Bits [15:8] - Selects pins mode (i.e., normal
mode or weak pull-up/down mode).
Table 3-19 "GPIO Pin Programming Registers" on page 38
gives the bit formats of the registers used for programming
the GPIO pins.
— PUPD Bits [23:16] - Enables selected pull-up/down
mode (as long as corresponding MODE bit is
enabled and TYPE bit is set as an output).
Table 3-19. GPIO Pin Programming Registers
Bit
Name
Description
Offset 434h-437h
GPIO Data Register (R/W)
Reset Value = xxxxxx00h
31:16
RSVD
15
GPIO7_STS
Reserved (Read Only)
GPIO7 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO7 when it is configured as an input.
14
GPIO6_STS
GPIO6 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO6 when it is configured as an input.
13
GPIO5_STS
GPIO5 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO5 when it is configured as an input.
12
GPIO4_STS
GPIO4 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO4 when it is configured as an input.
11
GPIO3_STS
GPIO3 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO3 when it is configured as an input.
10
GPIO2_STS
GPIO2 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO2 when it is configured as an input.
9
GPIO1_STS
GPIO1 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO1 when it is configured as an input.
8
GPIO0_STS
GPIO0 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO0 when it is configured as an input.
7
GPIO7_DATA
GPIO7 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO7. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
6
GPIO6_DATA
GPIO6 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO6. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
5
GPIO5_DATA
GPIO5 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO5. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
4
GPIO4_DATA
GPIO4 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO4. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
3
GPIO3_DATA
GPIO3 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO3. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
2
GPIO2_DATA
GPIO2 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO2. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
1
GPIO1_DATA
GPIO1 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO1. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
0
GPIO0_DATA
GPIO0 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO0. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
Note: Bits [7:0] contain the direct values of the GPIO pins. Write operations can be done only for GPIOs that are defined as outputs.
Reads from these bits read the last written value if the GPIO pin is configured as an output. The direction of the GPIO pins is controlled through Offset 438h[7:0].
Offset 438h-43Bh
GPIO Control Register (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
31:24
RSVD
23
GPIO7_PUPD
GPIO7 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
22
GPIO6_PUPD
GPIO6 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
21
GPIO5_PUPD
GPIO5 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
20
GPIO4_PUPD
GPIO4 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
19
GPIO3_PUPD
GPIO3 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
18
GPIO2_PUPD
GPIO2 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
17
GPIO1_PUPD
GPIO1 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
16
GPIO0_PUPD
GPIO0 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
15
GPIO7_MODE
GPIO7 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
14
GPIO6_MODE
GPIO6 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
13
GPIO5_MODE
GPIO5 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
12
GPIO4_MODE
GPIO4 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
11
GPIO3_MODE
GPIO3 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
10
GPIO2_MODE
GPIO2 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
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Reserved: Set to 0.
38
Revision 2.1
Geode™ CS9211
Functional Description (Continued)
Table 3-19. GPIO Pin Programming Registers (Continued)
Bit
Name
Description
9
GPIO1_MODE
GPIO1 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
8
GPIO0_MODE
GPIO0 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
7
GPIO7_TYPE
GPIO7 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
6
GPIO6_TYPE
GPIO6 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
5
GPIO5_TYPE
GPIO5 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
4
GPIO4_TYPE
GPIO4 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
3
GPIO3_TYPE
GPIO3 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
2
GPIO2_TYPE
GPIO2 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
1
GPIO1_TYPE
GPIO1 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
0
GPIO0_TYPE
GPIO0 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
Note: To enable the pull-up or pull-down mode function, the corresponding GPIO pin’s MODE bit must be set to 1, and the corresponding TYPE bit must enable it as an output (i.e., be set to 1).
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Geode™ CS9211
4.0
Register Descriptions
Table 4-1 provides a summary of the Configuration Registers, followed by descriptions of the individual registers and
their bit formats. These registers are accessed using the
serial interface, as described in Section 3.2.1 “Serial Interface” on page 17. Note that all configuration registers are
memory mapped.
Table 4-1. Configuration Registers Summary
Offset
400h-403h
Access
R/W
Name / Function
Panel Timing Register 1
Reset
Value
Reference
(Table 4-2)
00000000h
Page 41
00000000h
Page 41
00000000h
Page 43
00000000h
Page 44
00000000h
Page 45
00000000h
Page 45
Page 45
Configures the flat panel horizontal and vertical timing characteristics
404h-407h
R/W
Panel Timing Register 2
Configures the flat panel horizontal and vertical timing characteristics
408h-40Bh
R/W
Power Management Register
Configures the power management features of the LCD controller
40Ch-40Fh
R/W
Dither and Frame Rate Control Register
Configures dithering and frame rates
410h-413h
R/W
Blue LFSR Seed
15-bit value that specifies the seed value for the FRM conversion of the Blue
component of each pixel
414h-417h
R/W
Green LFSR Seed
15-bit value that specifies the seed value for the FRM conversion of the Green
component of each pixel
Red LFSR Seed
15-bit value that specifies the seed value for the FRM conversion of the Red
component of each pixel
418h-41Bh
R/W
FRM Memory Index Register
00000000h
41Ch-41Fh
R/W
FRM Memory Data Register (32 x 64 Bits)
00000000h
Page 45
420h-423h
R/W
Memory Control Register
1EF80008h
Page 45
424h-427h
R/W
Dither RAM Control and Address Register
00000000h
Page 46
00000000h
Page 46
xxxxxxxxh
Page 46
92110302h
Page 46
xxxxxxxxh
Page 46
xxxxxxxxh
Page 47
Selects the memory type, SDRAM or EDO DRAM
Provides the dither RAM address. The value programmed is used to initialize
the Dither RAM address counter. Subsequent accesses to the Dither RAM
Data Register cause the address counter to increment.
428h-42Bh
R/W
Dither RAM Data Register
Provides the Dither RAM data. The data can be read or written to the dither
RAM via this register. Prior to accessing the data register, an appropriate
address should be loaded to the Dither RAM Address Register (Offset 424h).
Subsequent accesses to the data register cause the internal address counter
to increment for the next cycle.
42Ch-42Fh
R/W
Panel CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Check) Signature Register
When CRC is enabled, the CRC logic writes the generated signature to this
register. The value can be compared with the software simulation results or a
previously generated signature for the same image and settings.
430h-433h
RO
Device and Revision ID Register
Reads the CS9211’s device ID and revision ID.
434h-437h
R/W
GPIO Data Register
Status and levels of GPIO pins.
438h-43Bh
R/W
GPIO Control Register
Configuration of each GPIO pin as an input or output, and in normal or weak
pull-up/down modes.
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40
Revision 2.1
Table 4-2. Configuration Registers
Bit
Name
Offset 400h-403h
Description
Panel Timing Register 1 (R/W)
31
RSVD
30
FP_VSYNC_POL
Reset Value = 0000000h
Reserved: This bit is not defined.
FP_VSYNC Input Polarity: Selects positive or negative polarity of the FP_VSYNC input signal (pin
99). Program this bit to match the polarity of the incoming FP_VSYNC signal. Note that Offset
404h[23] independently controls the polarity of the VSYNC output signal (pin 33).
0 = FP_VSYNC is normally low, transitioning high during sync interval (Default).
1 = FP_VSYNC is normally high, transitioning low during sync interval.
29
FP_HSYNC_POL
FP_HSYNC Input Polarity: Selects positive or negative polarity of the FP_HSYNC input (pin 97). Program this bit to match the polarity of the incoming FP_HSYNC signal. Note that Offset 404h[22] independently controls the polarity of the HSYNC output signal (pin 31).
0 = FP_HSYNC is normally low, transitioning high during sync interval (Default).
1 = FP_HSYNC is normally high, transitioning low during sync interval.
28
RSVD
27
HSYNC_SRC
Reserved: This bit is not defined.
TFT Horizontal Sync Source: Selects an internally generated or external pass-through source of the
TFT horizontal sync output on pin 31. The internally generated HSYNC pulse will be triggered by the
input HSYNC, but the output polarity, and leading and trailing edge positions are controlled by registers 404h[22] and 400h[7:0] respectively. The external mode will pass the input HSYNC pulse directly
to the output pin.
0 = Pass the input HSYNC directly onto the output LP/HSYNC pin (pin 31) (Default).
1 = Internally generate the output HSYNC using the leading/trailing edge bits [7:0] and the polarity bit
(Offset 404h[22]).
26:16
PAN_VSIZE
Panel Vertical Size: This field represents the panel vertical size in terms of scan lines. The value programmed should be equal to the panel size that is being connected.
This can be used only for DSTN/STN modes.
Example: 640x480 = 1E0h, 800x600 = 258h, and 1024x768 = 300h.
15:8
RSVD
7:5
HSYNC_LEADING
_EDGE
Reserved: These bits are not defined.
Horizontal Sync Leading Edge Position: Selects the position of the leading edge of the output
HSYNC pulse with respect to the rising edge of the modified input HSYNC pulse. The modified input
HSYNC pulse is that which has been inverted, or not inverted, by bit 29. The position is programmable
in steps of 1 DOTCLK, starting at 2 DOTCLOCKS and extending up to 8. Bit 27 must be set in order
for bits [7:5] to be recognized. Note that there are combinations of bits [7:5] and [4:0] that can result in
a zero- or negative-length pulse, for example if the trailing edge is positioned before the leading edge.
In this case, the output pulse will not be generated.
000 = No delay from the input HSYNC (Default).
001-111 = Position the HSYNC leading edge by 2 to 8 DOTCLKs with respect to the input HSYNC rising edge. Note that there is no setting for a position of 1 DOTCLOCK.
4:0
HSYNC_TRAILING
_EDGE
Horizontal Sync Trailing Edge Position: Selects the position of the trailing edge of the output
HSYNC pulse with respect to the rising edge of the modified input HSYNC pulse. The modified input
HSYNC pulse is that which has been inverted, or not inverted, by bit 29. The position is programmable
in steps of 1 DOTCLK, starting at 1 DOTCLOCK and extending up to 31. Bit 27 must be set in order
for bits [4:0] to be recognized. Note that there are combinations of bits [7:5] and [4:0] that can result in
a zero- or negative-length pulse, for example if the trailing edge is positioned before the leading edge.
In this case, the output pulse will not be generated.
00000 = Does not generate the HSYNC pulse if bit 27 = 0. (Default).
00001 - 11111 = The HSYNC trailing edge position can be varied from 1 to 31 DOTCLKs with respect
to the input HYSNC rising edge.
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Geode™ CS9211
Register Descriptions (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Register Descriptions (Continued)
Table 4-2. Configuration Registers (Continued)
Bit
Name
Offset 404h-407h
31
Description
Panel Timing Register 2 (R/W)
HIGH_RESOL_
MCLK
Reset Value = 00000000h
High Resolution MCLK: Selects the MCLK frequency in terms or the DOTCLK frequency.
This bit should be programmed as “0” for all the DSTN panels with resolutions up to 800x600, where
the memory clock is the same as the DOTCLK. This should be set to “1” for the 1024x768 DSTN
panel to run the memory clock at two-thirds the rate of the DOTCLK.
0 = Memory clock runs at the same frequency as DOTCLK.
1 = Memory clock runs at two-thirds the frequency of the DOTCLK.
30
PASS_THRU
Pass-Through: Activates the Pass-Through mode. In Pass-Through mode, the input timing and the
pixel data are passed directly onto the panel interface timing and the panel data pins to drive the
panel; the internal CS9211 logic and timing is not used. In normal mode, Offset 400h[7:0], 404h[29],
and 404h[27:24] are effective.
0 = Normal mode; output timing uses the logic and timing from the CS9211.
1 = Pass-Through mode; CS9211 internal timing logic functions are not used.
29
LDE_POL_SEL
Display Timing Strobe Polarity Select: Selects the polarity of the LDE pin (pin 32). This can be used
for some TFT panels that require an active low timing LDE.
0 = LDE signal is active low (Default).
1 = LDE signal is active high.
28
RSVD
27
PSH_CLK_CTL
Reserved: This bit is not defined.
Panel Shift Clock Retrace Activity Control: Programs the shift clock (SHFCLK, pin 30) to be either
free running or active only during the display period. Some TFT panels recommend keeping the shift
clock running during the retrace time. This bit has no effect in DSTN or SSTN modes.
0 = Shift clock is active only during active display period.
1 = Shift clock is free running during the entire frame period.
26
LP_HSYNC_SEL
LP/HSYNC Select: Selects the function of LP/HSYNC (pin 31). Set this bit based on the panel type
connected. For DSTN or SSTN panels, set this bit to 0. For TFT panels, set this bit to 1.
0 = LP (output for DSTN/SSTN panel).
1 = HSYNC (output for TFT panel).
25
LDE_SEL
LDE Select: Always set this bit to 1.
0 = Reserved
1 = LDE (output for TFT panel).
24
FLM_VSYNC_
SEL
FLM/VSYNC Select: Selects function of FLM/VSYNC (pin 33). Set this bit based on the panel type
connected. For DSTN or SSTN panels, set this bit to 0. For TFT panels, set this bit to 1.
0 = FLM (output for DSTN/SSTN panel).
1 = VSYNC (output for TFT panel).
23
VSYNC_POL
Vertical Sync Output Polarity: Selects positive or negative polarity of the VSYNC output signal (pin
33). This bit is effective only for TFT panels; for this bit to function, bit 24 must be set to 1. Note that
Offset 400h[30] independently controls the polarity of the FP_VSYNC input signal (pin 99).
0 = VSYNC output is active high.
1 = VSYNC output is active low.
22
HSYNC_POL
Horizontal Sync Output Polarity: Selects polarity of output HSYNC signal (pin 31). This bit is effective only for TFT panels; for this bit to function, bit 26 must be set to 1. Note that Offset 400h[29]
selects independently controls the polarity of the FP_HSYNC input signal (pin 97).
0 = HSYNC output is active high.
1 = HSYNC output is active low.
21:20
DSTN_TFT
Panel Type Select: Selects panel type. The selection of the panel type in conjunction with the
PIX_OUT (bits [18:16]) setting determines how pixel data is mapped on the output LD/UD pins. This
bit also determines the generation of SHFCLK and other panel timing interface signals.
00 = SSTN/DSTN panel
01 = TFT panel
10 = Reserved
11 = Reserved
19
COLOR_MONO
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Color/Mono Select: Selects color or monochrome LCD panel. 0 = Color; 1 = Monochrome.
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Revision 2.1
Table 4-2. Configuration Registers (Continued)
Bit
Name
18:16
PIX_OUT
Description
Pixel Output Format: These bits define the pixel output format. The selection of the pixel output format in conjunction with the panel type selection (bits [21:20]) and the color/monochrome selection
(bits [19]) determines how the pixel data is formatted before being sent on to the LD/UD pins. These
settings also determine the SHFCLK period for the specific panel.
000 = 8-bit DSTN panel or up to 24-bit TFT panel with one pixel per clock.
Option 1: Mono 8-bit DSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 1)
(Color 8-bit DSTN is not supported)
SHFCLK = 1/4 of DOTCLK
Option 2: Color TFT with 1 pixel/clock (bits [21:20] = 01 and bit 19 = 0)
SHFCLK = DOTCLK
001 = 16-bit DSTN panel or 18/24-bit TFT XGA panel with two pixels per clock.
Option 1: Color 16-bit DSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 0)
SHFCLK = 1/(3:2:3) of DOTCLK
Option 2: Mono 16-bit DSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 1)
SHFCLK = 1/8 of DOTCLK
Option 3: Color 18/24 bit TFT (bits [21:20] = 01 and bit 19 = 0)
SHFCLK = 1/2 of DOTCLK
010 = 24-bit DSTN panel
Color 24-bit DSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 0)
(Mono 24-bit DSTN is not supported)
SHFCLK = 1/4 of DOTCLK
011 = 8-bit SSTN panel
Color 8-bit SSTN (bits [21:20] = 00 and bit 19 = 0)
SHFCLK = 1/(3:2:3) of DOTCLK
100, 101, 110, and 111 = Reserved
15:14
RSVD
13
CONT_LPS
Reserved: This bit is not defined.
Continuous Line Pulses: This bit selects whether line pulses are continuously output or are output
only during the active display time. In most cases, DSTN panels require continuous line pulses (LPs).
This bit will have no effect if the CS9211 is set to TFT mode.
0 = Continuous line pulses.
1 = Line pulses during the display time only.
12:0
RSVD
Reserved: These bits are not defined.
31:28
RSVD
Reserved: These bits are not defined.
27
PWR_SEQ_SEL
Offset 408h-40Bh
Power Management Register (R/W)
Reset Value = 00000000h
Power Sequence Select: Selects whether to use internal or external power sequence. The power
sequence controls the order in which FP_VDDEN, FP_VCONEN, the data and control signals, and
DISPOFF# become active during power-up, and inactive during power-down.
0 = Use internal power sequencing (phase timing is controlled by bits [24:18].
1 = Use external power sequencing (phase timing is controlled by signals generated from CS5530/
CS550A).
26
RSVD_0
25
DISPOFF_CNTL
Reserved.: This bit should always be set to zero.
Display Off Control Source: Selects how DISPOFF# is controlled. Independent control may be used
to disable the backlight to save power, even if the panel is otherwise on.
0 = DISPOFF# is controlled by with the power-up/down sequence, internal or external mode.
1 = DISPOFF# immediately turns the backlight off.
24
PWR_CNTL
Panel Power Control: Initiates the internal power-up or power-down sequence. When the bit is set
from high-to-low, the internal power-down sequence is initiated with the timings as selected by Offset
408h[20:18]. When the bit is set from low-to-high, the internal power-up sequence is initiated with the
timings as selected by Offset 408h[23:21]. This bit may be read to determine the power status (i.e., on
or off) of the panel. This bit functions as described only if the internal power sequence has been
selected by bit [27]. 0 = Powered down; 1 = Powered up.
23
PWRUP_PHASE_
2
Panel Power-Up Phase 2: Selects the interval between enabling FP_VDDEN to enabling panel data
and control signals. 0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
22
PWRUP_PHASE_
1
Panel Power-Up Phase 1: Selects the interval between enabling the panel data signals to enabling
FP_VCONEN. 0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
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Geode™ CS9211
Register Descriptions (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Register Descriptions (Continued)
Table 4-2. Configuration Registers (Continued)
Bit
Name
21
PWRUP_PHASE_
0
Panel Power-Up Phase 0: Selects the interval between disabling FP_VCONEN to disabling DISPOFF#. This bit is ineffective if independent DISPOFF# control is selected by bit 25.
0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
20
PWRDN_PHASE_
0
Panel Power-Down Phase 0: Selects the interval between disabling panel DISPOFF# to disabling
FP_VCONEN. See Figure 3-13 on page 37. This bit is ineffective if independent DISPOFF# control is
selected by bit 25. 0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
19
PWRDN_PHASE_
1
Panel Power-Down Phase 1: Selects the interval between disabling FP_VCONEN to disabling the
panel data signals. See Figure 3-13 on page 37.
0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
18
PWRDN_PHASE_
2
Panel Power-Down Phase 2: Selects the interval between disabling the panel data signals to disabling panel FP_VDDEN. See Figure 3-13 "Panel Power Sequence" on page 37.
0 = 32 ms ±1.0 ms; 1 = 128 ms ±4.0 ms.
17:0
RSVD
Offset 40Ch-40Fh
Description
Reserved: These bits are not defined.
Dither and Frame Rate Control Register (R/W)
31:16
RSVD
15:13
REF_CYC
Reset Value = 00000000h
Reserved: These bits are not defined
Refresh Cycle Select Bits: Selects the number of refresh cycles for the SDRAM. These cycles occur
during the retrace time at the end each line.
000 = Generate three refresh cycles for the external frame buffer.
001 = Generate one refresh cycle for the external frame buffer.
010 = Generate five refresh cycles for the external frame buffer.
Others = Reserved.
12
DITHER_RAM_
ROM_SEL
Dither RAM or ROM Select: This bit selects either internal ROM or internal RAM as the source of the
dither patterns.
0 = Selects fixed (internal to CS9211) ROM for dither patterns (Default).
1 = Selects programmable (internal to CS9211) RAM for dither patterns.
To update the dither RAM, this bit must = 1.
Note: See Offset 424h[6].
11
GRAY_SCALE_
SEL
Gray Scale Selection: This bit chooses two methods of converting an incoming color pixel stream to
shades of gray for display on monochrome panels. This bit is ignored if Offset 404h[19] is set to 0
(color mode).
0 = Green color only - Only the green pixel data input is used to generate the gray shades.
1 = NTSC weighting - Red, blue and green pixel color inputs are used to generate the gray shades for
the monochrome panel.
10
NEG_IMG
9:7
RSVD
6:4
NO_OF_FRM
INTENSITIES
Negative Image: This bit converts the black to white and white to black and all colors in between to
their logical inverse to provide a negative image of the original image. It acts as though the incoming
data stream were logically inverted (1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1).
0 = Normal display mode; 1 = Negative image display mode.
Reserved: This bit is not defined.
Number Of FRM Intensities: The value set by bits [6:4] is the number of intensities that will exist due
to Frame Rate Modulation, prior to dithering. This field selects how many of the incoming most significant (MS) data bits (per color) are used to generate the FRM intensities.
000 = 2 FRM intensities (selects 1 MS (most significant) bit for use by FRM).
001 = 4 FRM intensities (selects 2 MS bits for use by FRM).
010 = 8 FRM intensities (selects 3 MS bits for use by FRM).
011 = 16 FRM intensities (selects 4 MS bits for use by FRM).
100 = 32 FRM intensities (selects 5 MS bits for use by FRM).
101, 110, 111 = Reserved.
3:1
DITH_BITS
Dithering Bits Select: This field is used to select the number of least-significant (LS) bits to be used
for the dithering pattern. Dither bits are the least-significant bits of each pixel’s color value.
000 = Reserved
001 = Selects 5 LS bits as dither bits. Number of FRM intensities should be 2 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 000).
010 = Selects 4 LS bits as dither bits. Number of FRM intensities should be 4 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 001).
011 = Selects 3 LS bits as dither bits. Number of FRM intensities should be 8 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 010).
100 = Selects 2 LS bits as dither bits. Number of FRM intensities should be 16 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 011).
101 = Selects LS 1 bit as a dither bit. Number of FRM intensities should be 32 (i.e., bits [6:4] = 100).
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44
Revision 2.1
Table 4-2. Configuration Registers (Continued)
Bit
Name
0
DITH_ENB
Description
Dithering Enable: Enable/disable dithering. The dither bit must be enabled in order for dither RAM
reads or writes to occur. When this bit is cleared, the internal dither RAM is powered down.
0 = Dither disable - The dithering function is turned off. When the dither is disabled, dither bits [3:1] do
not have any effect and the dither RAM is not accessible.
1 = Dither enable. The dither functions with the number of dither bits as set in [3:1]
Offset 410h-413h
BLUE LFSR SEED Register (R/W)
31:15
RSVD
14:0
BSEED
Offset 414h-417h
Reserved: These bits are not defined.
Blue LFSR Seed[14:0]: 15-bit value that specifies the seed value for the FRM conversion of the Blue
component of each pixel
Red and Green LFSR Seed Register (R/W)
31
RSVD
30:16
GSEED
15
RSVD
14:0
RSEED
Offset 418h-41Bh
RSVD
9:8
RGB_SEL
Reset Value = 00000000h
Reserved: This bit is not defined.
Green LFSR Seed[14:0]: 15-bit value that specifies the seed value for the FRM conversion of the
Green component of each pixel
Reserved: This bit is not defined.
Red LFSR Seed[14:0]: 15-bit value that specifies the seed value for the FRM conversion of the Red
component of each pixel
FRM Memory Index Register (R/W)
31:10
Reset Value = 00000000h
Reset Value = 00000000h
Reserved: These bits are not defined.
RGB Memory (FRM RAM) Select: Allows reading or writing to individual R,G, and B memory FRM
RAM locations or writing to all of them at the same time.
00 = Read from R FRM RAM but write to RGB FRM RAM.
01 = read or write to R FRM RAM.
10 = Read or write to G FRM RAM.
11 = Read or write to B FRM RAM.
Note: All FRM RAMs can be accessed through the serial interface before the panel is powered up.
7:6
RSVD
5:0
FRM_INDEX
Reserved: These bits are not defined.
FRM Memory Index: This auto-incrementing value represents the index to the FRM RAM. Each RAM
is configured as 32x64, requiring two index values to update each row of FRM RAM.
For example, the 00h index value will update the 32 LSB’s of row “0” FRM RAM and the 01h index
value will update the 32 MSB’s of row “0” FRM RAM.
To update the entire RAM location, the index is programmed only once with the starting value, “00”.
This is used inside the CS9211 to auto increment the FRM RAM locations for every FRM RAM data
access using the Offset 41Ch.
Offset 41Ch-41Fh
31:0
FRM Memory Data Register
FRM_DATA
Offset 420h-423h
Memory Control Register
31:5
RSVD
4
EDO_LATE
Reset Value = 00000000h
FRM Memory Data Register: This 32-bit data represents FRM RAM data to be read or written to the
FRM RAM table in accordance to the RGB_SEL (Offset 418h[9:8]) and the index value (Offset
418h[5:0]).
Reset Value = 1EF80008h
Reserved: These bits are not defined.
EDO DRAM Late Latch Bit: When this bit is set, the data is latched into the CS9211, one clock after
the data arrives from the DRAM. Since SSTN and TFT panels do not use any frame buffer, this bit is
used only for DSTN panels. This bit is effective only if EDO RAM is used, as selected by bit 0 = 0.
0 = Latch the data with no delay.
1 = Latch the data with a delay of one clock.
3
EDO_EDGE_SEL
EDO Data Latch Edge Select: This bit controls which clock edge is used to latch data. When this bit
is set, the data from the DRAM is latched into the CS9211 on the negative edge of the memory clock.
Since SSTN and TFT panels do not use any frame buffer, this bit is used only for DSTN panels. This
bit is effective only if EDO RAM is used, as selected by bit 0 = 0.
0 = Latch on positive (rising) edge.
1 = Latch on negative (falling) edge.
2
Revision 2.1
SDRAM_LD
SDRAM Load Bit: SDRAM Load Mode Register. When enabled, this bit activates RAM refresh. Since
SSTN and TFT panels do not use any frame buffer, this bit is used only for DSTN panels.
0 = Disable; 1 = Enable.
45
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Geode™ CS9211
Register Descriptions (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Register Descriptions (Continued)
Table 4-2. Configuration Registers (Continued)
Bit
Name
1
SDRAM_CLK
_INVERT
Description
SDRAM Clock: Inverts the clock to the SDRAM interface. Since SSTN and TFT panels do not use
any frame buffer, this bit is used only for DSTN panels.
0 = Use inverted clock.
1 = Use non-inverted clock.
0
SDRAM_EDO
Offset 424h-427h
SDRAM or EDO: Selects external frame buffer memory type. Since SSTN and TFT panels do not use
any frame buffer, this bit is used only for DSTN panels. 0 = EDO; 1 = SDRAM.
Dither RAM Control and Address Register
31:8
RSVD
7
DITHER_
RAM_ACCESS
Reset Value = 00000000h
Reserved: Set to 0.
Dither RAM Access Bit: Allows reads and writes to and from dither RAM.
0 = Disable (Do not allow reads or writes).
1 = Enable (Allow reads and writes).
To perform dither RAM reads and writes, bits 7 and 6 must be set to 1. In addition, Offset 40Ch bits 12
and 0 must be set to 1. If any of these bits are not set to 1, the RAM goes into power-down mode.
6
DITHER_
RAM_UPDT
Dither RAM Update: This bit works in conjunction with bit 7. If this bit is enabled, it allows the data to
update the RAM.
0 = Disable (do not allow dither RAM access).
1 = Enable (allow dither RAM access).
To perform dither RAM reads and writes, bits 7 and 6 must be set to 1. In addition, Offset 40Ch bits 12
and 0 must be set to 1. If any of these bits are not set to 1, the RAM goes into power-down mode.
5:0
DITHER_
RAM_ADDR
Offset 428h-42Bh
31:0
Dither RAM Address: This 6-bit field specifies the address to be used for the next access to the
dither RAM. Each access to the data register automatically increments the RAM address register. If
non-sequential access is made to the dither RAM, the address register must be reloaded before each
non-sequential data block.
Dither RAM Data Register (R/W)
DITHER_RAM_
Reset Value = 00000000h
RAM Data: This 32-bit field contains the read or write data for the RAM access.
DATA
Offset 42Ch-42Fh
Panel CRC Signature Register (R/W)
31:8
SIG_DATA
7:2
FRAME_CNT
1
SGFR
Reset Value = xxxxxxxxh
Signature Address (Read Only): 24-bit signature data for dither logic or FRM logic.
Frame Count: Represents the frame count, which is an index for the generated signature for that
frame.
Signature Free Run: The value of this bit during the first cycle of a frame determines whether a signature will be generated for that frame. If this bit is kept high, with signature enabled (bit 0 = 1), the
signature generator captures data continuously across multiple frames. Changing this bit from high-tolow causes the signature generation process to stop after the current frame.
0 = Do not capture signature during next frame.
1 = Capture signature during next frame.
0
SIG_EN
Offset 430h-433h
Signature Enable: Enables/disables signature capture. 0 = Disable; 1 = Enable.
Device and Revision ID Register (RO)
Reset Value = 92110303h
31:16
DEV_ID
Device ID (Read Only): This 16-bit field contains the data that represents the device ID.
15:0
REV_ID
Revision ID (Read Only): This 16-bit field contains the data that represents the revision ID.
Offset 434h-437h
GPIO Data Register (R/W)
Reset Value = xxxxxx00h
31:16
RSVD
15
GPIO7_STS
Reserved (Read Only)
GPIO7 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO7 when it is configured as an input.
14
GPIO6_STS
GPIO6 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO6 when it is configured as an input.
13
GPIO5_STS
GPIO5 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO5 when it is configured as an input.
12
GPIO4_STS
GPIO4 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO4 when it is configured as an input.
11
GPIO3_STS
GPIO3 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO3 when it is configured as an input.
10
GPIO2_STS
GPIO2 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO2 when it is configured as an input.
9
GPIO1_STS
GPIO1 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO1 when it is configured as an input.
8
GPIO0_STS
GPIO0 Pin State (Read Only): Reports the value of pin GPIO0 when it is configured as an input.
7
GPIO7_DATA
GPIO7 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO7. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
6
GPIO6_DATA
GPIO6 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO6. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
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46
Revision 2.1
Geode™ CS9211
Register Descriptions (Continued)
Table 4-2. Configuration Registers (Continued)
Bit
Name
Description
5
GPIO5_DATA
GPIO5 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO5. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
4
GPIO4_DATA
GPIO4 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO4. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
3
GPIO3_DATA
GPIO3 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO3. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
2
GPIO2_DATA
GPIO2 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO2. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
1
GPIO1_DATA
GPIO1 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO1. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
0
GPIO0_DATA
GPIO0 Pin Configuration: Reflects the level of GPIO0. 0 = Low, 1 = High. (Note)
Note: Bits [7:0] contain the direct values of the GPIO pins. Write operations can be done only for GPIOs that are defined as outputs.
Reads from these bits read the last written value if the GPIO pin is configured as an output. The direction of the GPIO pins is controlled through Offset 438h[7:0].
Offset 438h-43Bh
GPIO Control Register (R/W)
31:24
RSVD
23
GPIO7_PUPD
Reset Value = 000000h
Reserved: Set to 0.
GPIO7 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
22
GPIO6_PUPD
GPIO6 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
21
GPIO5_PUPD
GPIO5 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
20
GPIO4_PUPD
GPIO4 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
19
GPIO3_PUPD
GPIO3 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
18
GPIO2_PUPD
GPIO2 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
17
GPIO1_PUPD
GPIO1 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
16
GPIO0_PUPD
GPIO0 Pin Pull-up or Pull-down Mode: 0 = Pull-down mode; 1 = Pull-up mode. (Note)
15
GPIO7_MODE
GPIO7 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
14
GPIO6_MODE
GPIO6 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
13
GPIO5_MODE
GPIO5 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
12
GPIO4_MODE
GPIO4 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
11
GPIO3_MODE
GPIO3 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
10
GPIO2_MODE
GPIO2 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
9
GPIO1_MODE
GPIO1 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
8
GPIO0_MODE
GPIO0 Pin Mode: 0 = Normal mode; 1 = Weak pull-up or weak pull-down mode.
7
GPIO7_TYPE
GPIO7 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
6
GPIO6_TYPE
GPIO6 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
5
GPIO5_TYPE
GPIO5 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
4
GPIO4_TYPE
GPIO4 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
3
GPIO3_TYPE
GPIO3 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
2
GPIO2_TYPE
GPIO2 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
1
GPIO1_TYPE
GPIO1 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
0
GPIO0_TYPE
GPIO0 Pin Type: 0 = Input; 1 = Output.
Note: To enable the pull-up or pull-down mode function, the corresponding GPIO pin’s MODE bit must be set to 1, and the corresponding TYPE bit must enable it as an output (i.e., be set to 1).
Revision 2.1
47
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Geode™ CS9211
5.0
Electrical Specifications
This section provides information on absolute maximum
ratings, recommended operating conditions, DC characteristics, and AC characteristics. All voltage values in the
Electrical Specifications are with respect to VSS unless otherwise noted.
5.1
5.1.1 NAND Tree Mode
The NAND tree mode is used to test input and bi-directional pins which will be part of the NAND tree chain. The
NAND tree chain starts on pin 3 (UD11) and ends on pin
143 (MA2) where the output of the chain is captured. The
following pins are not included in the NAND chain:
TEST MODES
—
—
—
—
—
—
The CS9211 can be forced into different test modes. Table
5-1 summarizes the test mode selection process.
All supply pins
MBIST_EN (pin 45)
SCAN_EN (pin 46)
TEST_SE (pin 47)
XTALIN (pin 48)
XTALOUT (pin 49)
Table 5-1. Test Mode Selection
Mode
SCAN_EN
(Pin 46)
TEST_SE
(Pin 47)
0
1
NAND tree test
Table 5-2. NAND Tree Test Mode Pins
Signal Name
Pin No.
Signal Name
Pin No.
UD10
4
FLM/VSYNC
33
BLUE4
84
MD5
115
UD9
5
FP_VDDEN
34
RED3
85
MD9
116
UD8
6
FP_VCONEN
35
RED4
86
MD6
117
UD7
7
DISPOFF#
39
GREEN2
87
MD8
118
UD6
8
SCLK
40
BLUE5
88
MD7
119
UD5
9
SDIN
41
GREEN1
92
DQML
120
UD4
10
SDO
42
GREEN0
93
DQMH
121
UD3
11
SCS
43
GREEN3
94
WE#
122
UD2
12
RESET#
44
ENA_DISP
95
MCLK
123
UD1
13
GPIO7
63
RED5
96
CASH#
124
UD0
14
GPIO6
64
FP_HSYNC
97
CAS#/CASL#
127
LD11
15
GPIO5
65
GREEN4
98
CKE
129
LD10
16
GPIO4
66
FP_VSYNC
99
RAS#
130
LD9
20
GPIO3
67
GREEN5
100
CS#
131
LD8
21
GPIO2
68
ENA_LCDIN
101
MA9
132
LD7
22
GPIO1
69
MD15
102
OE#/BA
133
LD6
23
GPIO0
70
MD0
103
MA8
134
LD5
24
DOTCLK
75
MD14
104
MA10
135
LD4
25
RED0
76
MD1
105
MA0
136
LD3
26
ENA_VDDIN
77
MD13
106
MA7
137
LD2
27
RED2
78
MD2
107
MA1
138
LD1
28
RED1
79
MD12
110
MA6
139
LD0
29
BLUE0
80
MD3
111
MA5
140
SHFCLK
30
BLUE3
81
MD11
112
MA4
141
LP/HSYNC
31
BLUE1
82
MD4
113
MA3
142
LDE/MOD
32
BLUE2
83
MD10
114
MA2
143
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Signal Name
48
Pin No.
Signal Name
Pin No.
Revision 2.1
5.2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 5-3 lists absolute maximum ratings for the CS9211.
Stresses beyond the listed ratings may cause permanent
damage to the device. Exposure to conditions beyond
these limits may (1) reduce device reliability and (2) result
in premature failure even when there is no immediate
apparent sign of failure. Prolonged exposure to conditions
at or near the absolute maximum ratings may also result in
reduced life and reliability. These are stress ratings only
and do not imply that operation under any conditions other
than those listed under Table 5-4 is possible.
5.3
OPERATING CONDITIONS
Table 5-4 lists the recommended operating conditions for
the CS9211.
Table 5-3. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Min
Operating Case Temperature
Storage Temperature
–40
Supply Voltage
Max
Units
Comments
130
°C
Power Applied
150
°C
No Bias
4.0
V
Table 5-4. Operating Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Units
TC
Operating Case Temperature
0
85
°C
VDD
Supply Voltage
3.14
3.46
V
VIH
High-Level Input Voltage
2.0
5.25
V
VIL
Low-Level Input Voltage
–0.3
0.8
V
IOH
High-Level Output Current
(for each driver type)
IOL
Revision 2.1
Low-Level Output Current
(for each driver type)
4
–4
8
–8
12
–12
4
4
8
8
12
12
49
mA
Comments
3.3V nominal
VOH = 2.0V
VDD = 3.0V
mA
VOL = 2.0V
VDD = 3.0V
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Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
5.4
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Table 5-5 lists the DC characteristics for the CS9211. All
DC parameters and current measurements in this section
were measured under the operating conditions listed in
Table 5-4 "Operating Conditions" on page 49, unless otherwise noted.
Table 5-5. DC Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
ICC
Max
Units
Supply Current (dynamic)
140
mA
VOL
Output Low Voltage
0.4
V
IOL = 4 mA, (Note 2)
VOH
Output High Voltage
V
IOH = 400 µA, (Note 3)
IDD
Static IDD
550
µA
All Inputs are forced low
IIH
High-Level Input Leakage Current
–10
–10
µA
VIH = VDD
Input with internal pull-ups
–200
10
µA
VIH = VDD
Low-level Input Leakage Current
–10
10
µA
VIL = 0V
Input with internal pull-ups
–200
200
µA
VIL = 0V
IOZH
High-Level I/O Leakage Current
–10
10
µA
VIH = VDD
IOSL
Low-Level I/O Leakage Current
–10
10
µA
VIL = 0V
CIN
Input Capacitance
10
pF
IIL
1)
2)
3)
Min
2.4
Comments
VDD nominal, (Note 1)
VDD = 3.3V±5%, TCASE = 0°C to 85°C, unless otherwise specified.
IOL is specified for a standard buffer.
IOH is specified for a standard buffer.
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50
Revision 2.1
5.5
AC CHARACTERISTICS
The following tables list the AC characteristics including
output delays, input setup requirements, input hold requirements and output float delays. The rising-clock-edge reference level VREF and other reference levels are shown in
Table 5-6. Input or output signals must cross these levels during testing.
Table 5-6. Drive Level and Measurement Points
for Switching Characteristics
Input setup and hold times, illustrated in Figure 5-1, are
specified minimums that define the smallest acceptable
sampling window for which a synchronous input signal must
be stable for correct operation. The output delay time has a
minimum and a maximum, also illustrated in Figure 5-1.
Symbol
Voltage (V)
VREF
1.5
VIHD
3.0
VILD
0.0
TX
CLK
VIHD
VREF
VILD
A
B
OUTPUTS
Max
Min
Valid Output n+1
Valid Output n
C
INPUTS
VIHD
D
Valid Input
VILD
VREF
VREF
Legend: A = Maximum Output Delay Specification
B = Minimum Output Delay Specification
C = Minimum Input Setup Specification
D = Minimum Input Hold Specification
Figure 5-1. Drive Level and Measurement Points for Switching Characteristics
Revision 2.1
51
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Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
5.5.1
Pixel Port Timing
Table 5-7. Pixel Port Interface Timing
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
Comments (Note 1)
tD
DOTCLK period
15.4
---
ns
65 MHz max speed
tDHP
DOTCLK high pulse width
5
---
ns
40-60% duty cycle at 65 MHz
tDIS
RED[5:0], GREEN[5:0], BLUE[5:0] setup to
rising DOTCLK
0.1
5.2
ns
tDIH
RED[5:0], GREEN[5:0], BLUE[5:0] hold
from rising DOTCLK
0.1
5.2
ns
1.
All AC tests, unless otherwise specified, are at: VDD = 3.14 to 3.46 (3.3V nominal), TC = 0oC to 85oC, and CL = 50 pF.
tD
tDHP
DOTCLK
tDIS
tDIH
RED[5:0],
GREEN[5:0],
BLUE[5:0]
Figure 5-2. Pixel Port Interface Signals
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52
Revision 2.1
5.5.2
Serial Interface Timing
Table 5-8. Serial Interface Timing
Symbol
Parameter
Min
tS
SCLK period
50
tSHP
SCLK high pulse width
20
Max
Unit
ns
tS – 12
ns
tSIS
SCS, SDIN setup to rising SCLK
25
ns
tSIH
SCS, SDIN hold from rising SCLK
20
ns
tSOV
SDO valid from rising SCLK
10
ns
tSOH
SDO hold from rising SCLK
10
ns
1.
Comments (Note 1)
All AC tests, unless otherwise specified, are at: VDD = 3.14 to 3.46 (3.3V nominal), TC = 0oC to 85oC, and CL = 50 pF.
tS
tSHP
SCLK
tSIS
tSIH
SCS, SDIN
tSOV
tSOH
SDO
Figure 5-3. Serial Interface Signals
Revision 2.1
53
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Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
5.5.3
Flat Panel Timing
Table 5-9. Flat Panel Interface Timing (50 pF Output Load)
DSTN Mode
TFT Mode
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Min
Max
Units
tP
SHFCLK period
50
---
30
---
ns
tPT
SHFCLK rise/fall transition time
3
ns
tPHP
SHFCLK high pulse width
15
---
5
---
ns
tPLP
SHFCLK low pulse width
15
---
5
---
ns
tPOS
Panel output setup to falling SHFCLK (Data setup time to the
Panel)
10
---
3
---
ns
tPOH
Panel output hold from falling
SHFCLK (Data hold time to the
panel)
10
---
7
---
ns
1.
4
Comments
(Note 1)
All AC tests, unless otherwise specified, are at: VDD = 3.14 to 3.46 (3.3V nominal), TC = 0oC to 85oC, and CL = 50 pF.
tP
tPHP
tPLP
tPT
SHFCLK
tPOS
tPOH
UD[11:0], LD[11:0]
Figure 5-4. Flat Panel Interface Signals
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54
Revision 2.1
5.5.4
Memory Interface Timing
Table 5-10. EDO DRAM Interface Timing
Symbol
Parameter
tOWS
OE# and WE# setup to falling RAS#
3*tD–5
ns
tOWH
OE# and WE# hold from rising RAS#
3*tD–2
ns
tRP
RAS# precharge time
3*tD–2
ns
tRCD
Falling RAS# to falling CASH#, CASL#
tD–1
ns
tCAS
CASH# and CASL# low pulse width
tD/2–6
ns
tCP
CASH# and CASL# precharge time
tD/2–6
ns
tASR
MA[10:0] setup to falling RAS#
3*tD–2
ns
tRAH
MA[10:0] hold from falling RAS#
tD–1.5
ns
tASC
MA[10:0] setup to falling CASH#, CASL#
tD/2–6
ns
tCAH
MA[10:0] hold from falling CASH#, CASL#
tD/2–6
ns
tDS
MD[15:0] write data setup to falling CASH#, CASL#
tD/2–10
ns
tDH
MD[15:0] write data hold from falling CASH#, CASL#
tD/2–2
ns
tDV
MD[15:0] read data valid from falling CASH#, CASL#
1.
2.
Min (Note 1)
Max ((Note 1))
2*tD–10
Unit
Comments (Note 2)
ns
2X Refresh Mode (min tD = 25 ns). tD = DOT clock (DOTCLK) period.
All AC tests, unless otherwise specified, are at: VDD = 3.14 to 3.46 (3.3V nominal), TC = 0°C to 85°C, and CL = 50 pF.
tOWS
tOWH
OE#
WE#
tRP
RAS#
tRCD
tCP
tCAS
CASH#, CASL#
tASR
tRAH
tASC
tCAH
tDS
tDH
MA[10:0]
MD[15:0]
(write)
tDV
MD[15:0]
(read)
Figure 5-5. EDO DRAM Interface Signals
Revision 2.1
55
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Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
Table 5-11. SDRAM Read Timing
Symbol
Parameter
t1
Clock Cycle Time
20
ns
t2
CS# Setup Time
2
ns
t3
CS# Hold Time
1
ns
t4
RAS# Setup Time
2
ns
t5
RAS# Hold Time
1
ns
t6
CAS# Setup Time
2
ns
t7
CAS# Hold Time
1
ns
t8
WE# Setup Time
2
ns
t9
WE# Hold Time
1
ns
t10
Address (MA) Setup Time
2
ns
t11
Address (MA) Hold Time
1
ns
t12
DQM Setup Time
2
ns
t13
DQM Hold Time
1
ns
t14
Data-In Setup Time
0.1
2
ns
t15
Data-In Hold Time
0.1
2
ns
1.
Min
Max
Units
Comments (Note 1)
All AC tests, unless otherwise specified, are at: VDD = 3.14 to 3.46 (3.3V nominal), TC = 0oC to 85oC, and CL = 50 pF.
Table 5-12. SDRAM Write Timing
Symbol
Parameter
t1
Clock Cycle Time
20
ns
t2
CS# Setup Time
2
ns
t3
CS# Hold Time
1
ns
t4
RAS# Setup Time
2
ns
t5
RAS# Hold Time
1
ns
t6
CAS# Setup Time
2
ns
t7
CAS# Hold Time
1
ns
t8
WE# Setup Time
2
ns
t9
WE# Hold Time
1
ns
t10
Address (MA) Setup Time
2
ns
t11
Address (MA) Hold Time
1
ns
t12
DQM Setup Time
2
ns
t13
DQM Hold Time
1
ns
t14
Data-Out Setup Time
2
ns
t15
Data-Out Hold Time
1
ns
1.
Min
Max
Units
Comments (Note 1)
All AC tests, unless otherwise specified, are at: VDD = 3.14 to 3.46 (3.3V nominal), TC = 0oC to 85oC, and CL = 50 pF.
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56
Revision 2.1
1
2
3
4
5
1
6
2
3
5
6
MCLK
MCLK
t1
t1
CS#
CS#
`
`
`
t2
`
t2
t3
t3
RAS#
RAS#
`
``
`
t4
`
t4
t5
t5
CAS#
CAS#
`
``
`
t6
`
t6
t7
t7
WE#
WE#
`
`
`
`
t8
`
MA
t9
MA
COL n
`
`
t8
t9
`
t10
COL n
`
`
t10
t11
t11
DQM
DQM
`
n
n+1
`
`
`
t12
t12
t13
t13
MD
n
`
MD
n+1
n
`
t14
n+1
`
t14
t15
t15
Figure 5-6. SDRAM Read Timing
Revision 2.1
4
Figure 5-7. SDRAM Write Timing
57
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Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
5.5.5
Panel Timings
Table 5-13. DSTN Color Panel Timing Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Units
TP1
SHFCLK period
50
---
ns
TP2
SHFCLK high time
15
---
ns
TP3
SHFCLK low time
15
---
ns
TP4
SHFCLK rise time
-
4
ns
TP5
SHFCLK fall time
4
ns
TP6
Valid data to SHFCLK falling edge
(data setup time)
10
ns
TP7
SHFCLK falling edge to valid data
(data hold time)
10
ns
TP8
LP pulse width
150
---
ns
TP9
FLM setup time
120
---
ns
TP10
FLM hold time (valid FLM time after
falling edge of LP)
300
--
ns
1.
Comments (Note 1)
All AC tests, unless otherwise specified, are at: VDD = 3.14 to 3.46 (3.3V nominal), TC = 0oC to 85oC, and CL = 50 pF.
LP
TP1
TP2
TP3
SHFCLK
TP6
TP7
TP4
TP5
UD[11:0],
LD[11:0]
Figure 5-8. DSTN Color Panel Output Timing; LP and SHFCLK Relationship
FLM
TP10
LP
TP7
TP9
Figure 5-9. DSTN Color Panel Output Timing; FLM and LP Relationship
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58
Revision 2.1
Table 5-14. Active Matrix TFT Color Panel Timing Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
TP1
SHFCLK period
30
ns
TP2
SHFCLK high time
5
ns
TP3
SHFCLK low time
5
ns
TP4
SHFCLK rise time
3
ns
TP5
SHFCLK fall time
3
ns
TP6
Valid data to SHFCLK falling edge
(Data setup time)
3
ns
TP7
UD[11:0] and LD[11:0] hold time
(Data hold time)
5
ns
TP8
HSYNC width
500
ns
TP9
LDE active to SHFCLK inactive
(LDE setup time)
3
ns
TP10
SHFCLK inactive to LDE inactive
(LDE Hold time)
7
ns
1.
Min
Max
Units
Comments (Note 1)
All AC tests, unless otherwise specified, are at: VDD = 3.14 to 3.46 (3.3V nominal), TC = 0oC to 85oC, and CL = 50 pF.
LDE
TP9
TP2
SHFCLK
TP4
TP5
TP6
TP3
TP1
TP10
UD[11:0],
LD[11:0]
TP7
TP8
HSYNC
Figure 5-10. Active Matrix TFT Color Panel Output Timing
Revision 2.1
59
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Geode™ CS9211
Electrical Specifications (Continued)
Geode™ CS9211
6.0
Mechanical Package Outline
22.00 +0.25 TYP
108
73
109
72
SEE DETAIL A
1.40 +0.05
20.0 +0.1
NOTE 2
0.09-0.20 TYP
11O-13O TOP & BOTTOM
0O MIN
144
37
R0.08 MIN
0.25
GAGE PLANE
R0.08-0.20
1.6 MAX
0.08
1
PIN #1
IDENT
36
0.50 TYP
0.05-0.15
0O-7O
0.17-0.27 TYP
NOTE 3
0.20 MIN
SEATING PLANE
0.60 +0.15
(1.0)
DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
DETAIL A
TYP, SCALE: 25%
NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
1. STANDARD LEAD FINISH
7.62 MICROMETERS MINIMUM SOLDER PLATING (85/15)
THICKNESS ON ALLOY 42 / COPPER
2. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MODE PROTRUSION 0.25mm PER SIDE.
3. DIMESION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION
ALLOWABLE BAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.08
4. REFERENCE JEDEC REGISTRATION MO-136, VARIATION BT,
DATED SEP/93
Figure 6-1. 144-Pin LQFP (Low-Profile Quad Flat Pack)
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60
Revision 2.1
Support Documentation
A.1 REVISION HISTORY
This document is a report of the revision/creation process
of the data book for the Geode™ CS9211 graphics com-
panion. Any revisions (i.e., additions, deletions, parameter
corrections, etc.) are recorded in the table(s) below.
Revision #
(PDF Date)
Revisions / Comments
0.1 (9/24/99)
First release for web posting.
0.2 (12/1/99)
Second preliminary release for web posting. Added table of contents and two new chapters (functional and registers).
0.3 (2/9/00)
Edited Section 4.0 “Register Descriptions” (see Rev 0.3 for details).
0.4 (7/11/00)
Engineering edits. Complete proofreading and corrections.
1.0 (8/10/00)
TME edits (see Rev 1.0 for details). Released for posting.
2.0 (10/3/00)
Engineering edits. See Rev 2.0 for details.
2.1 (10/27/00)
Changes made in Section 5.0 “Electrical Specifications” only:
Changed VDD in Table 5-4 through Table 5-13 (with the exception of Table 5-6). Changed VIHD and
VILD voltages in Table 5-6 "Drive Level and Measurement Points for Switching Characteristics".
Revision 2.1
61
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Geode™ CS9211
Appendix A
Geode™ CS9211 Graphics Companion Flat Panel Display Controller
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
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DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems
which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the
body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to
perform when properly used in accordance with
instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be
reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to
the user.
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Tel: 1-800-272-9959
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Email: [email protected]
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Fax: 81-3-5639-7507
Email: [email protected]
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National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.