TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 3-W STEREO AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER WITH ADVANCED DC VOLUME CONTROL FEATURES DESCRIPTION D 3 W Into 16 Ω From 12-V Supply The TPA6030A4 is designed to drive 3 W into 16-Ω speakers using a surface-mount package without the need for an external heatsink. These features make it ideal for 15I–17I LCD monitors, small multimedia speakers, and notebook computers. D Volume Control for Speakers (BTL) and Headphones (SE) D Differential Inputs To simplify system design, the speaker volume level is adjusted by applying a dc voltage to the VOLUME terminal. The delta between speaker volume and headphone volume can be adjusted by applying a dc voltage to the SEDIFF terminal. To avoid an unexpected high volume level through the headphones, a third terminal, SEMAX, limits the headphone volume level when a dc voltage is applied. Integrated depop circuitry and the fully differential design minimize pops, clicks, and unwanted noise to provide a high level of audio performance. D Depop Circuitry D 1 µA Shutdown Current D Surface Mount Package APPLICATIONS D LCD Monitors and LCD TVs The device is available in a 28-pin TSSOP PowerPAD package. The PowerPAD package is designed to transfer heat into the ground plane, eliminating the need for external heat sinks—minimizing solution cost and size. D Multimedia Speakers D Notebook Computers FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM VCC = 12V 0.47 µF RIN1+ From TV From CD Player From TV From CD Player RIN2+ R 1 µF Mux 0.47 µF 0.47 µF Depop Circuitry RIN1– VCC/2 RIN2– Rout – – PVcc PVcc Vcc Mux 0.47 µF Power IN2/IN1 Control From DAC or Input Mux Management Control SEDIFF 32–Step (DC Voltage) SEMAX Volume Control Output Mode Control 5VREF From CD Player 1 kΩ 220 µF 100 kΩ L Mux 47 nF VCC/2 From TV To Potentiometers or DAC reference RIN1+ RIN2+ 1 kΩ Shutdown SE/BTL 0.47 µF From TV 0.47 µF 0.47 µF Bypass System Control Potentiometers 0.47 µF 220 µF 100 kΩ Gnd VOLUME CLK Player 16 Ω + R System From CD 10 µF Rout + + Lout + – Lout – RIN1– L RIN2– Mux 16 Ω 0.47 µF Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright 2002, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. CAUTION: During normal operation, shorting the outputs together, to ground, or to VCC may cause permanent damage to the device. ORDERING INFORMATION SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE DEVICE TSSOP (PWP) –40°C to 85°C TPA6030A4PWP (1) The PWP package is available taped and reeled To order a taped and reeled part, add the suffix R to the part number (e.g., TPA6030A4PWPR). PACKAGE DISSIPATION RATINGS PACKAGE TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING 2.15W(1) DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA = 25°C 35.8 mW/°C TA = 70°C POWER RATING TA = 85°C POWER RATING PWP 1.34 W 1.07 W (1) Refer to the Texas Instruments document, PowerPAD Thermally Enhanced Package Application Report (literature number SLMA002) for more information on the PowerPAD package. The thermal data was measured on a PCB layout based on the information in the section entitled Texas Instruments Recommended Board for PowerPAD on page 33 of the before mentioned document. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted(1) TPA6030A4 Supply voltage, VCC, PVCC –0.3 V to 15 V IN2, IN1 Input voltage, VI –0.3 V to VCC + 0.3V See Dissipation Rating Table Continuous total power dissipation Operating free-air temperature range, TA –40°C to 85°C Operating junction temperature range, TJ –40°C to 160°C Storage temperature range, Tstg –65°C to 160°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds 260°C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN MAX 7 15 V 0.8VCC 2 VCC VCC V SE/BTL, IN2/IN1 0 0.5 VCC SHUTDOWN 0 0.8 –40 85 Supply voltage, PVCC, VCC SE/BTL, IN2/IN1 High input voltage, voltage VIH Low input voltage, voltage VIL Operating free-air temperature, TA 2 SHUTDOWN UNIT V °C TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C, VCC = PVCC = 12 V, unless otherwise noted PARAMETER | VOS | Volume = 36 dB, dB SE/BTL = 0 V Output Out ut offset PSRR Power supply rejection ratio |IIH| High level input current High-level |IIL| Low level input current Low-level VCC = PVCC = 12 V to 15 V SE/BTL, IN2/IN1 ICC TYP MAX Out+ to Out– MIN 10 55 Out+ to V(BYPASS) 10 105 Out– to V(BYPASS) 10 105 –42 SHUTDOWN, SE/BTL, IN2/IN1 SHUTDOWN, No load, SHUTDOWN = 0 V Supply current ICC(SD) TEST CONDITIONS –60 UNIT mV dB VCC = 15 V, VI = VCC VCC = 15 V, V I = 12 V VCC = 15 V, VI = 0 1 VCC = 15 V, VI = 0 SE/BTL = 0 V, VCC = 7 V to 15 V 1 3 1 18 26 11 16 µA µA mA SE/BTL = VCC, VCC = 7 V to 15 V Supply current, full clipping at outputs, stereo operation RL =16 Ω, SE/BTL = 0 V, SHUTDOWN = VCC 1.2 Supply current, shutdown mode No Load, VCC=15 V, SHUTDOWN = 0.8 V 1 3 4.7 5.5 V 9.3 VPP 5VREF VCC = 7 V to 15 V, VOMAX RL =16 Ω, VOLUME = 5VREF, IN+ = 5 V and IN IN– = 7 V OR IN+ = 7 V and IN– = 5 V DC maximum i output t t voltage lt swing per output(1) RL = 16-Ω stereo, Pin floating VCC = 7 V VCC = 12 V 4.4 A µA 4.4 7.6 VCC = 15 V 8.4 9.8 (1) See diagram below DC MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING PER CHANNEL VCC VOMAX Rout+ Voltage Drop. Typically Referred To As VOH Voltage Drop. Typically Referred To As VOL RL = 16 Ω VCC Rout– VOMAX 3 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C, RL = 16 Ω, Volume = 8.13 dB, unless otherwise noted3 TEST CONDITIONS PARAMETER THD=1%, VCC = 12 V PO Output power THD+N Total harmonic distortion plus noise BOM Maximum output power bandwidth kSVR Supply Su ly ri ripple le rejection ratio Xtalk SNR f = 20 Hz–20 kHz, C(BYPASS) = 1 µF, V(ripple) = 100 mVrms, BTL Channel to channel output separation f = 1 kHz, Signal to noise ratio Signal-to-noise f=20 Hz to 20 kHz, BTL, In Inputs uts ac grounded, THD+N = 0.5%, PO = 2.35 W Attenuation, in input ut to out output ut in shutdown mode f = 1 kHz 2.2 3 4(1,2) 5(1,2) f = 1 kHz THD=10%, f = 1 kHz PO = 1 W, THD+N < 10% BTL, TYP THD=10%, f = 1 kHz THD=1%, VCC = 15 V MIN f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz VCC = 7 V to 15 V VCC = 7 V VCC = 12 V VCC = 15 V MAX UNIT W 0.1% 20 kHz –58 –60 dB –60 Volume = 0.53 dB –110 Volume = 0.53 dB 102.5 dB dBV Volume = 36 dB 83 SE, f = 20 Hz–20 kHz, RL = 32 Ω, Volume = 30 dB 73 BTL, f = 20 Hz–20 kHz, RL = 16 Ω, Volume = 36 dB 110 dB (1) At TA = 25°C, a derating factor of 19mW/°C is necessary in order for the device to function properly in this configuration. (2) If used on a board with a layout set forth on page 33 of the PowerPAD Thermally Enhanced Package Application Report (literature number SLMA002) to achieve a derating factor of 35.8mW/°C, it is possible to operate the device at these output power levels so long as it is in a mono, BTL configuration. 4 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 PIN ASSIGNMENTS PWD PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) ROUT– PVCC SEMAX RIN1– RIN1+ RIN2– RIN2+ VCC LIN1– LIN1+ LIN2– LIN2+ NC LOUT– 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 GND ROUT+ SE/BTL IN2/IN1 SHUTDOWN VOLUME SEDIFF 5VREF CLK GND BYPASS PVCC LOUT+ GND NC – No internal connection Terminal Functions TERMINAL I/O DESCRIPTION NAME NO. 5VREF 21 O Internal 5-V reference for VOLUME, SEDIFF, and SEMAX pins ONLY BYPASS 18 I Connect capacitor to ground for BYPASS midrail voltage supply filtering CLK 20 I Connect capacitor to ground to set clock frequency of volume control counter GND 15, 19, 28 I Ground IN2/IN1 25 I Controls input MUX, high selects IN2 inputs, low selects IN1 inputs LIN1– 9 I Left negative differential input, selected when IN2/IN1 is held low LIN1+ 10 I Left positive differential input, selected when IN2/IN1 is held low LIN2– 11 I Left negative differential input, selected when IN2/IN1 is held high LIN2+ 12 I Left positive differential input, selected when IN2/IN1 is held high LOUT– 14 O Left negative output in speaker mode and high impedance in headphone mode LOUT+ 16 I Left positive output in speaker mode, and positive output in headphone mode NC 13 No internal connection PVCC 2,17 I Power supply for the output stage RIN1– 4 I Right negative differential input, selected when IN2/IN1 is held low RIN1+ 5 I Right positive differential input, selected when IN2/IN1 is held low RIN2– 6 I Right negative differential input, selected when IN2/IN1 is held high RIN2+ 7 I Right positive differential input, selected when IN2/IN1 is held high ROUT+ 27 O Right positive output in speaker mode, and positive output in headphone mode ROUT– 1 O Right negative output in speaker mode (BTL) and high impedance in headphone mode (SE) SE/BTL 26 I Determines output mode, high selects headphone mode (SE), low selects speaker mode (BTL) SEDIFF 22 I Sets the difference between speaker and headphone volume (from –6 dB down to mute) SEMAX 3 I Sets maximum headphone volume. DC range is 0 to 5VREF SHUTDOWN 24 I Shutdown terminal (active low, TTL compatible, VCC compliant) VCC 8 I Supply voltage terminal VOLUME 23 I Master volume control. DC voltage range is 0 to 5VREF 5 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 VOLUME CONTROL Table 1 shows the functionality of the 32-step volume control. The voltage difference between trip levels is 2.66% of 5VREF, and the difference between gain steps is 2.53 dB. Table 1. Volume Control (VCC = 12 V, No Load, SEDIFF = 0 V, SEMAX = 5VREF) VOLTAGE ON VOLUME PIN AS A PERCENTAGE OF 5VREF SPEAKER VOLUME (dB) HEADPHONE VOLUME (dB) 0–10 –80.00 –86.00 10–12.6 –40.00 –46.00 12.6–15.2 –37.47 –43.47 15.2–18 –34.93 –40.93 18–20.6 –32.40 –38.40 20.6–23.4 –29.87 –35.87 23.4–26 –27.33 –33.33 26–28.6 –24.80 –30.80 28.6–31.4 –22.27 –28.27 31.4–34 –19.73 –25.73 34–36.6 –17.20 –23.20 36.6–39.4 –14.67 –20.67 39.4–42 –12.13 –18.13 42–44.6 –9.60 –15.60 44.6–47.2 –7.07 –13.07 47.2–50 –4.53 –10.53 50–52.6 –2.00 –8.00 52.6–55.4 0.53 –5.47 55.4–58 3.07 –2.93 58–60.6 5.60 –0.40 60.6–63.4 8.13 2.13 63.4–66 10.67 4.67 66–68.6 13.20 7.20 68.6–71.4 15.73 9.73 71.4–74 18.27 12.27 74–76.6 20.80 14.80 76.6–79.4 23.33 17.33 79.4–82 25.87 19.87 82–84.6 28.40 22.40 84.6–87.4 30.93 24.93 87.4–90 33.47 27.47 90–100 36.00 30.00 Refer to the section entitled Volume Control Description in the Application Information section of this data sheet for more details regarding the use of the volume control. 6 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 The volume in single-ended (SE) mode is determined by the following equation: SE Volume + min [(VOLUME * SEDIFF) or (SEMAX)]*6 dB, where VOLUME is the voltage (expressed in terms of %VREF) applied to the VOLUME pin, SEDIFF is the voltage (%VREF) applied to the SEDIFF pin, and SEMAX is the voltage (%VREF) applied to the SEMAX pin. The SE Volume control is integrated into the 32-step volume control. A block diagram of the SE Volume control portion is shown in Figure 1. + VOLUME + SEDIFF Control – SEMAX To Next Stage of 32-Step Volume Control 2:1 Mux VOLUME–SEDIFF SEMAX Figure 1. Block Diagram of the SE Volume Control Refer to the section entitled Volume Control Description in the Application Information section of this data sheet for more details regarding the use of the volume control. VOLUME CONTROL 40 30 Headphone Volume With SEMAX Set to 5VREF 20 10 Volume – dB 0 Speaker Volume –10 Headphone Volume With SEMAX Set to 7.2 dB –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 SEDIFF = 0 V –70 –80 –90 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 %5VREF 70 80 90 100 Figure 2. Speakers (BTL) and Headphones (SE) Volume vs %5VREF Figure 2 illustrates the functionality of the TPA6030A4 volume control. As the voltage applied to the VOLUME control pin is increased, the volume increases. Increasing the voltage on the SEDIFF pin increases the delta in volume between speaker (BTL) and headphone (SE) volume from a minimum of 6 dB to a maximum reduction in headphone volume, resulting in mute. The SEMAX input limits the maximum output level in headphone mode. The dashed line shows operation with SEMAX set to 5VREF, which results in maximum output in headphone mode. The horizontal line in Figure 2 shows operation with SEDIFF set to 0V, and SEMAX set to 67.3% of 5VREF, for a maximum volume in headphone mode of 7.2 dB. Neither SEMAX nor SEDIFF have any affect on the volume in speaker mode. 7 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE OF GRAPHS FIGURE THD+N Total harmonic distortion plus noise (BTL) THD+N Total harmonic distortion plus noise (SE) Xtalk Crosstalk (BTL) CMRR Common mode rejection ratio vs Output power 3 vs Frequency 5 vs Output power 4 vs Frequency 6 vs Frequency 7 vs Frequency 8 9 Closed loop response (BTL) vs Frequency 10 PD Ri Power dissipation vs Output power (per channel) 11 Input resistance vs Volume 12 RL Recommended load impedance vs Supply voltage 13 THD + N – Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise (BTL) – % TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE (BTL) vs OUTPUT POWER 100 VCC = 12 V, RL = 16 Ω, f = 1 kHz 10 1 Volume = 8.13 dB 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.5 1 PO – Output power – W Figure 3 8 2 3 THD + N – Toatal Harmonic Distortion + Noise (SE) – % vs Common-mode input voltage TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE (SE) vs OUTPUT POWER 100 VCC = 12 V RL = 32 Ω f = 1 kHz 10 1 Volume = –0.4 dB 0.1 0.01 10 50 100 PO – Output power – mW Figure 4 200 300 400 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 1 VCC = 12 V RL = 16 Ω PO = 1 W Volume = 0.53 dB 0.1 PO = 2 W Volume = 3.07 dB 0.01 20 100 1k f – Frequency – Hz 10 k 20 k TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE (SE) vs FREQUENCY THD + N – Toatal Harmonic Distortion + Noise (SE) – % THD + N – Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise (BTL) – % TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE (BTL) vs FREQUENCY 1 VCC = 12 V RL = 32 Ω PO = 100 mW Volume = –0.4 dB 0.1 0.01 20 100 Figure 5 1k f – Frequency – Hz 10 k 20 k Figure 6 CROSSTALK (BTL) vs FREQUENCY COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY –30 Crosstalk – dB –90 VCC = 12 V, RL = 16 Ω, Volume = 0.53 dB CMRR – Common-Mode Rejection Ratio – dB –80 –100 –110 –120 –130 –140 –150 20 100 1k f – Frequency – Hz Figure 7 10 k 20 k –40 VI = 1 Vrms, VCC = 12 V, CI = 0.47 µF RL = 16 Ω, BTL Volume = 0.53 dB –50 –60 RL = 32 Ω, SE Volume = –0.4 dB, CO = 100 µF –70 –80 –90 –100 20 100 1k f – Frequency – Hz 10 k 20 k Figure 8 9 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs COMMON-MODE INPUT VOLTAGE CLOSED LOOP RESPONSE (BTL) vs FREQUENCY 40 VCC = 15 V, f = 1 kHz, CI = 0.47 µF –10 Volume = 36 dB, CI = 0.47 µF 30 –50° –30 –40 Volume = 0.53 dB, 16 Ω BTL –50 Volume = 0.4 dB, 32 Ω SE, CO = 100 µF 25 –100° Phase, CI = 0.47 µF 20 VCC = 12 V, PO = 2 W BTL, RL = 16 Ω 15 –150° 10 –200° Phase, CI = 470 µF –60 5 0 5 10 VIC – Common-Mode Input Voltage – VPP 15 –250° 0 10 100 1k f – Frequency – Hz Figure 9 INPUT RESISTANCE vs VOLUME 900 RL = 16 Ω BTL VCC = 12 V, BTL Configuration, 16 Ω Load 800 3 Ri – Input Resistance – k Ω VCC = 15 V 2.5 2 VCC = 12 V 1.5 VCC = 7 V 1 100 k Figure 10 POWER DISSIPATION vs OUTPUT POWER (PER CHANNEL) 3.5 10 k 700 600 500 400 300 200 0.5 0 100 0 1 2 3 4 PO – Output Power (Per Channel) – W Figure 11 10 5 0 –40 –20 0 Volume – dB Figure 12 20 40 φ – Phase – Degrees –20 –70 PD – Power Dissipation – W 0 Volume = 36 dB, CI = 470 µF 35 Volume – dB CMRR – Common-Mode Rejection Ratio – dB 0 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com RL– Recommended Minimum Load Impedance (Per Channel) – Ω SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 RECOMMENDED LOAD IMPEDANCE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 25 Derating Factor = 35.8 mW/°C, TA = 25°C, TJmax = 160°C, BTL Configuration, Stereo Operation 20 15 10 5 0 7 8 10 11 12 13 9 VCC – Supply Voltage – V 14 15 Figure 13 11 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 APPLICATION INFORMATION VOLUME, SEDIFF, AND SEMAX OPERATION The three pins labeled VOLUME, SEDIFF, and SEMAX control the speaker (BTL) volume (VOLUME pin only) and the headphone (SE) volume. All three of these pins are controlled with a dc voltage. These voltages are a percentage of the voltage on the 5VREF pin. The 5VREF pin sources up to 5 mA when VCC = 12 V. It is specifically designed to be a reference voltage supply for the volume control that can be used with analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), resistor divider networks, and potentiometers. When driving in BTL mode, the VOLUME pin is the only pin that controls the volume. Table 1 shows the different volumes and the corresponding voltages applied to the VOLUME pin. When driving in SE mode, all three pins can be used to control the volume. Table 2 shows the different headphone volumes and the corresponding voltages applied to each pin. The TPA6030A4 allows the user to specify a difference between the BTL volume and the SE volume. This is desirable because it allows the user to avoid any listening discomfort when plugging in headphones. The volume in headphone mode is proportional to that in speaker mode, and is no less than 6 dB lower (refer to the section labeled bridge–tied load versus single-ended load for an explanation). The SEDIFF and SEMAX pins control the difference in volume between speaker and headphone modes. As the voltage on the SEDIFF pin is increased, the difference between the BTL and SE volumes is also increased. Applying a lower voltage on the SEDIFF pin decreases the volume difference. So, for example, if the speaker volume was set to 36 dB, and SEMAX was set to 5VREF, one could vary SEDIFF to get a headphone volume from as much as 30 dB to as little as –86 dB, or mute. The SEMAX pin can be used to set the maximum possible headphone volume. The greater the voltage applied to this pin, the higher the maximum volume. If the voltage reaches 5VREF, any volume level set by the VOLUME and SEDIFF pins passes on through to the headphones. Should the voltage on SEMAX go to 0 V, the headphones would be muted, regardless of what voltage is applied to the VOLUME and SEDIFF pins. The level set by the SEMAX pin does not affect headphone volumes below that maximum level. Table 2 shows examples of how these pins interact with each other. + VOLUME + SEDIFF Control – SEMAX To Next Stage of 32-Step Volume Control 2:1 Mux VOLUME–SEDIFF SEMAX Figure 14. Block Diagram of the SE Volume Control Table 2. Assorted Headphone and Speaker Volume Configurations MODE VOLTAGE ON VOLUME PIN (%5VREF) VOLTAGE ON SEDIFF PIN (%5VREF) VOLTAGE ON SEMAX PIN (%5VREF) HP 100 0 HP 0 0 HP 100 100 HP 60 0 HP 100 40 HP 100 40 Speaker 60 Speaker Speaker X = Don’t care 12 HEADPHONE VOLUME dB SPEAKER VOLUME dB 100 30 N/A 100 –86 N/A 0 –86 N/A 100 2.13 N/A 40 –18.13 N/A 80 2.13 N/A 0 100 N/A 8.13 100 X X N/A 36 0 X X N/A –80 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 CLOCK PIN The TPA6030A4 has an internal clock whose frequency is controlled by the value of an external capacitor on pin 20. The relationship between the capacitor and the clock frequency is seen in Figure 15. The clock plays a pivotal role in the functionality of the TPA6030A4. It determines how quickly the volume can change. When a voltage is applied to the VOLUME pin (or if in SE mode, the SEDIFF or SEMAX pins as well), it causes a change in volume. The volume does not change instantaneously. It moves one step for every sixteen clock cycles. For example, if the volume is initially at 36 dB in BTL mode, and then a voltage is applied to the VOLUME pin to set the volume to 0.53 dB, the volume decreases by 14 steps. With a 47-nF capacitor connected to the clock pin, the clock frequency is 390 Hz. The time it takes for the volume to reach the desired level is 574 ms. See equation 1. Total time + # of Volume Steps 16 ǒClock Frequency Ǔ (1) Figure 16 demonstrates how the volume changes with respect to the clock cycles, and how the frequency of the clock affects the time necessary for each step. The triangular waveform is the voltage on the clock pin, and in this case, the clock frequency is 390 Hz. Each volume step takes 41 ms, which is consistent with equation 1. f – Frequency – Hz 10 k 1k 400 100 1 10 50 Clock Capacitor – nF 100 Figure 15. Clock Frequency vs Capacitance on Clock Pin Figure 16. How the Volume Changes With Respect to the Clock 13 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 SHUTDOWN The shutdown function of the TPA6030A4 is designed to bring all the outputs and the BYPASS pin to dc ground. The output transistors are turned off, and the current consumption of the device drops to less than 3 µA. In order for the part to go into shutdown, the SHUTDOWN pin must be held at a logic low (0.8 V to 0 V). Once the SHUTDOWN pin is held at a logic low, the volume must ramp down to mute. The device goes through each volume step until the output is muted. That is why it takes longer for the device to shut down at higher volume levels (see Figures 17, 18, and 21). The device has to go through more steps. Once the volume is muted, the dc voltage of the outputs go to ground. The time it takes for this stage of the shutdown process is proportional to the size of the BYPASS capacitor. The smaller the capacitor, the more quickly the device shuts down. See Figure 21. However, making the BYPASS capacitor too small likely results in unwanted pop. The recommended range of values are between 0.1 µF to 1 µF. The start-up time, however, is not dependent upon the volume level. Figures 19 and 20 show that the start-up time for the TPA6030A4 is not dependent upon the volume level. When the SHUTDOWN pin is held at a logic high (2 V to VCC), the dc level of the outputs begin to increase. At the same time, the volume control is ramping up until it reaches the desired volume level. 500 ms/div Figure 17. Shutdown Curve When the Volume = 0.53 dB 14 Figure 18. Shutdown Curve When the Volume = 36 dB TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 Figure 19. Start-Up Curve When the Volume = 0.53 dB Figure 20. Start-Up Curve When the Volume = 36 dB SHUTDOWN TIME vs BYPASS CAPACITANCE 3.5 RL = 16 Ω BTL 3 t – Shutdown Time – s Volume = 36 dB 2.5 2 Volume = 0.53 dB 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Bypass Capacitance – µF 1 1.2 Figure 21. Shutdown Time vs Bypass Capacitance 15 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 APPLICATION CIRCUIT Application circuit using the TPA6030A4 in an LCD monitor with headphone outputs and volume control. VCC + C13 10 µF C11 1 µF + R6 100 kΩ R5 C14 220 µF 1 kΩ R7 100 kΩ R8 33 kΩ SEMAX C15 1 µF R9 68 kΩ 1 kΩ R4 RIN1– RIN1+ RIN2– RIN2+ LIN1– LIN1+ LIN2– LIN2+ C1 VOLUME 0.47 µF R1 100 kΩ TPA6030A4PWP C2 0.47 µF 2 C3 0.47 µF C4 0.47 µF C5 C6 C7 C8 1 0.47 µF 0.47 µF 0.47 µF 0.47 µF 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Rout – PVcc SEMAX RIN1– RIN1+ RIN2– RIN2+ Vcc LIN1– LIN1+ LIN2– LIN2+ NC Lout – GND Rout + SE/BTL IN2/IN1 SHUTDOWN VOLUME SEDIFF 5VREG CLK GND BYPASS PVcc Lout + GND 28 27 26 25 24 23 R2 82 kΩ + C12 220 µF R2 SEDIFF 18 kΩ System Control 22 21 20 19 18 C10 47 nF 17 16 + 15 C9 0.47 µF C13 1 µF VCC C11 10 µF Figure 22. Typical Application Circuit for an LCD Monitor Volume Control Description The circuit shown in Figure 22 automatically switches between headphone outputs and speaker outputs when a headphone plug is inserted or removed from the headphone jack. Additionally, this circuit uses resistor divider networks to limit the headphone volume. Resistors R8 and R9 form a divider network that applies 67% of 5VREF to the SEMAX pin, which results in a maximum output of 7.2 dB. Resistors R2 and R3 form a divider network that applies 18% of 5VREF to the SEDIFF pin. 16 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 The effect of the resistor dividers can be observed when the output is switched from speaker to headphone mode. If the voltage on the volume pin is greater than 85% of 5VREF, the resistor divider network around SEMAX limits the headphone volume to 7.2 dB. If the voltage on the VOLUME pin falls below 85% of 5VREF, SEDIFF limits the headphone volume to 13.6 dB less than the speaker volume. To convert a percentage of 5VREF to volume in dB, refer to the column in Table 1 labeled %5VREF, and find the corresponding speaker volume. That value can then be substituted into the following equations for VOLUME, SEDIFF, or SEMAX. It is important, however, to find the minimum based on the %5VREF before converting to dB. SE Volume + min ƪ(VOLUME * SEDIFF) or (SEMAX)ƫ*6 dB (2) When the voltage on the VOLUME pin is > 85% of 5VREF, or at 90% of 5VREF for example, the headphone volume is determined by the following equation: SE Volume + min ƪ(90%5VREF * 18%5VREF) or (67%5VREF)ƫ*6 dB + 67%5VREF * 6dB + 13.2 dB*6 dB + 7.2 dB (3) When the voltage on the VOLUME pin is < 85% of 5VREF, or at 50% of 5VREF for example, the headphone volume is determined by the following equation: SE volume + min ƪ(50%5VREF * 18%5VREF) or (67%5VREF)ƫ*6 dB + 32%5VREF*6 dB + *19.73 dB*6 dB + *25.73 dB (4) When the voltage on the VOLUME pin = 85% of 5VREF, both SEMAX and SEDIFF have the same affect on the headphone volume. SE Volume + min ƪ(85%5VREF * 18%5VREF) or (67%5VREF)ƫ*6 dB + 67%5VREF*6 dB + 13.2 dB*6 dB + 7.2 dB (5) –46 dB is the lowest the SE volume can go without going into mute. So, for example, if the end calculation for the SE volume was –50 dB, the actual volume would be mute. It is important to note that the evaluation module (EVM) for the TPA6030A4, SLOP365, does not have fixed resistors for setting the voltages on the VOLUME, SEDIFF, and SEMAX pins. It has potentiometers in place of the resistor divider networks for added flexibility. Potentiometers may be used in an application as well. Another method of controlling the voltage on the SEDIFF and SEMAX pins would be to apply the voltage with an external controller, using 5VREF as a reference voltage. Input Capacitor, CI The input capacitor allows the amplifier to bias the input signal to the proper dc level for proper operation. In this case, the input capacitor, CI, and the input impedance of the amplifier, RI, form a high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined in equation 6. Figure 23 shows how the input capacitor and the input resistor within the amplifier interact. Rf CI Input Signal IN RI Figure 23. Input Resistor and Input Capacitor 17 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 –3 dB f c(highpass) + 1 2pR C I I (6) fc The value of CI is important to consider as it directly affects the low frequency, or bass, performance of the circuit. Futhermore, the input impedance changes with a change in volume. The higher the volume, the lower the input impedance. To determine the appropriate capacitor value, reconfigure equation 6 into equation 7. The value of the input resistor, RI, can be determined from Figure 12. CI + 1 2pRI f c (7) Low leakage tantalum or ceramic capacitors are recommended. When polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the capacitor should face the amplifier input in most applications as the dc level there is held at VCC/2, which is likely higher than the source dc level. Note that it is important to confirm the capacitor polarity in each specific application. Recommended capacitor values are between 0.1 µF and 1 µF. Power Supply Decoupling, CS The TPA6030A4 is a high-performance audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the output total harmonic distortion (THD) is as low as possible. Power supply decoupling also prevents oscillations for long lead lengths between the amplifier and the speaker. The optimum decoupling is achieved by using two capacitors of different types to reduce different types of noise on the power supply leads. For higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital noise on the power supply, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 0.1 µF, should be placed as close as possible to the device VCC pin. For filtering lower frequency noise signals, a larger aluminum electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF or greater should be placed near the audio power amplifier. Midrail Bypass Capacitor, C(BYPASS) The midrail bypass capacitor, C(BYPASS), has several important functions. During start-up or recovery from shutdown mode, C(BYPASS) determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. C(BYPASS) also reduces noise coupled into the output signal by the power supply. Generally, ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitors with values ranging from 0.1 µF to 1.0 µF are recommended for the best THD and noise performance. Output Coupling Capacitor, CC In a typical single-supply SE configuration, an output coupling capacitor, CC, is required to block the dc bias at the output of the amplifier, thus preventing dc currents from flowing through the load. This in turn reduces the current draw of the amplifier significantly. As with the input coupling capacitor, the output coupling capacitor and impedance of the load form a high pass filter governed by equation 8. –3 dB f c(highpass) + 1 2pR C L C (8) fc 18 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 Large values of CC are required to pass low frequencies to the load. Consider an example where CC is 220 µF, and the load varies from 16 Ω, 32 Ω, 10 kΩ, and 47 kΩ. Table 3 summarizes the frequency response characteristics of each of the preceding configurations. Table 3. Load Impedances vs Low Frequency Characteristics in SE Mode RL (Ω) CC (µF) LOWEST FREQUENCY (Hz) 16 220 45 32 220 23 10k 220 0.07 47k 220 0.015 Using Low-ESR Capacitors Low-ESR capacitors are recommended throughout this applications section. A real (as opposed to ideal) capacitor can be modeled simply as a resistor in series with an ideal capacitor. The voltage drop across the resistor minimizes the beneficial effects of the capacitor in the circuit. The lower the equivalent value of this resistance, the more the real capacitor behaves like an ideal capacitor. Bridge-Tied Load Versus Single-Ended Mode Figure 24 shows a Class-AB audio power amplifier (APA) in a bridge-tied-load (BTL) configuration. The TPA6030A4 amplifier consists of two Class-AB differential amplifiers driving both the positive and negative terminals of the load (per channel). Specifically, differential drive means that as one side amplifier (the positive terminal, for example) is slewing up, the other side is slewing down, and vice versa. This doubles the voltage swing across the load as opposed to a ground-referenced load, or a single-ended load. Power is proportional to the square of the voltage. Plugging 2x VO(PP) into the power equation yields 4X the output power from the same supply rail and load impedance as would have been obtained with a ground referenced load (see equation 9). V V (RMS) + V Power + (9) O(PP) 2 Ǹ2 (RMS) R L 2 VCC VO(PP) 2x VO(PP) VCC –VO(PP) Figure 24. Bridge-Tied-Load Configuration 19 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 VCC –3 dB VO(PP) CC RL VO(PP) fc Figure 25. Single-Ended Configuration and Frequency Response Bridge-tying the outputs in a typical computer audio, or LCD TV or multimedia LCD monitor application drastically increases output power. For example, if an amplifier in a single-ended configuration was capable of outputting a maximum of 250 mW for a given load with a supply voltage of 12 V, then that same amplifier would be able to output 1 W of power in a BTL configuration with the same supply voltage and load. In addition to the increase in output power, the BTL configuration does not suffer from the same low frequency issues that plague the single-ended configuration. In a BTL configuration, there is no need for an output capacitor to block dc, so no unwanted filtering occurs. In addition, the BTL configuration saves money and space, as the dc-blocking capacitors needed for single-ended operation are large and expensive. For example, with an 8-Ω load in SE operation, the user needs a capacitor of 995 µF to obtain a lower cutoff frequency of 20 Hz. This capacitor would be very expensive and very large. Single-Ended Operation Figure 25 shows a Class-AB audio power amplifier in an SE configuration. In SE mode, the load is driven from the primary amplifier for each channel (Rout+ and Lout+, terminals 27 and 16 respectively). The amplifier switches from BTL to SE mode when the SE/BTL pin is held high(1). This puts the negative outputs of the amplifier into a high impedance state, and reduces the amplifier’s gain according to the voltage applied to SEDIFF and SEMAX. SE/BTL Operation The ability of the TPA6030A4 to easily switch between BTL and SE modes is one of its most important cost saving features. This feature eliminates the requirement for an additional headphone amplifier in applications where internal stereo speakers are driven in BTL mode but an external headphone must be accommodated. The follower amplifiers that drive Rout– and Lout– (terminals 1 and 14) are controlled by the SE/BTL input (terminal 26). When SE/BTL is held low(1), the amplifiers are on and the TPA6030A4 is in the BTL mode. When SE/BTL is held high(1), only the positive output amplifiers are on. The negative outputs enter a high impedance state, which configures the TPA6030A4 as an SE driver from the Rout+ and Lout+ outputs (terminals 27 and 16). Control of the SE/BTL input can be from a separate voltage source or, more typically, from a resistor divider network. See Figure 26 for an example of a resistor divider network. Using a readily available 1/8-in. (3,5 mm) stereo headphone jack, the control switch is closed when no plug is inserted. When closed, the parallel combination of R5 and R7 (see Figure 22) pulls the SE/BTL pin low(1), causing the device to operate in BTL mode. When a plug is inserted, the 1-kΩ resistor is disconnected and the SE/BTL input is pulled high(1). When the input goes high(1), the negative output amplifiers go into a state of high impedance, essentially open circuiting the speaker. The positive output amplifiers then drive through the output capacitor (CO) into the headphone jack. IN2/IN1 Operation The TPA6030A4 has the ability to switch between the two input sources. Those sources are dubbed IN2 and IN1. There is no functional difference between the two inputs. Both perform equally well with any audio signal (provided that signal is within the specified limits set forth earlier in this document). However, only one input at a time is allowed through to the output. IN2/IN1 (terminal 26) controls which input is allowed into the amplifier. As with SE/BTL, IN2/IN1 can be controlled by either a separate voltage source or, more typically, from a resistor divider network. See Figure 26 for an example of a resistor divider network. (1) Refer to the table entiled Recommended Operating Conditions. 20 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 Tying the SE/BTL and IN2/IN1 Pins Together In some applications, it may be desirable to have one input specifically for BTL operation and one input specifically for SE operation. This is accomplished by tying the SE/BTL and IN2/IN1 pins together and connecting them to a common control voltage. An example of this type of configuration can be found in Figure 22. The two pins are tied together and are connected to the resistor divider network. That network is connected to the stereo headphone jack, and is closed when no plug is inserted. This pulls both the IN2/IN1 and SE/BTL pins low, causing the amplifier to go into BTL mode using the IN1 (RIN1 and LIN1) inputs. Should a headphone plug be inserted into the headphone jack, both inputs would be pulled high, and the amplifier would be in SE mode using the IN2 inputs. To Rout+ and Right Speaker VCC 1 kΩ TPA6030A4PWP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Rout – PVcc SEMAX RIN1– RIN1+ RIN2– RIN2+ Vcc LIN1– LIN1+ LIN2– LIN2+ NC Lout – GND Rout + SE/BTL IN2/IN1 SHUTDOWN VOLUME SEDIFF 5VREG CLK GND BYPASS PVcc Lout + GND 100 kΩ 28 27 26 100 kΩ 25 24 23 22 21 20 To Lout+ and Left Speaker 19 18 17 16 15 Figure 26. Resistor Divider Network 21 TPA6030A4 www.ti.com SLOS395 – NOVEMBER 2002 MECHANICAL DATA PWP (R-PDSO-G**) PowerPAD PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE 20 PINS SHOWN 0,30 0,19 0,65 20 0,10 M 11 Thermal Pad (See Note D) 4,50 4,30 0,15 NOM 6,60 6,20 Gage Plane 1 10 0,25 A 0°–ā8° 0,75 0,50 Seating Plane 0,15 0,05 1,20 MAX PINS ** 0,10 14 16 20 24 28 A MAX 5,10 5,10 6,60 7,90 9,80 A MIN 4,90 4,90 6,40 7,70 9,60 DIM 4073225/F 10/98 NOTES:A. B. C. D. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions. 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