CS4122 Triple Air−Core Gauge Driver with Serial Input Bus The CS4122 converts digital data from a microprocessor to complementary DC outputs and drives air−core meter movements for vehicle instrument panels. It is optimized for one 360° gauge and two 112° gauges. The digital data controls the voltage applied to the quadrature coils of the meters with a 0.35° resolution for the major (360°) gauge and 0.44° resolution for the minor (112°) gauges. The accuracy is ±0.75° for the major and ±1.00° for the minors. The interface from the microcontroller is by a SPI compatible serial connection using up to a 2.0 MHz shift clock rate. The digital code is shifted into the appropriate DAC and multiplexer. These two blocks provide a tangential conversion function to change the digital data into the appropriate DC coil voltage. The major gauge driver can position a pointer anywhere within a 360° circle while the minor gauge drivers are limited to an arc of 112.2°. The output buffers are capable of 70 mA per coil and are protected against output short circuit conditions. A thermal protection circuit limits the junction temperature to approximately 160°C. An open−drain fault output goes low when any of the outputs are shorted or the device is in a thermal shutdown state. This ASIC is designed on POWERSENSE 3.0. http://onsemi.com SO−24L DWF SUFFIX CASE 751E 24 1 MARKING DIAGRAM 24 CS4122 AWLYYWW 1 A WL, L YY, Y WW, W = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week Features • • • • • • • • • Serial Input Bus 2.0 MHz Operating Frequency Independently Addressable Gauges Tangential Drive Algorithm 70 mA Drive Circuits 0.75° Major Accuracy Power−On−Reset Protection Features ♦ Short Circuit ♦ Overtemperature Internally Fused Leads in SO−24L Package PIN CONNECTIONS SCLK CS SIN− SIN+ GND GND GND GND VBB/2 C1+ C1− VCC 1 24 SO SI COS+ COS− GND GND GND GND C2− C2+ VBB FAULT ORDERING INFORMATION Package Shipping† CS4122XDWF24 SO−24L 31 Units/Rail CS4122XDWFR24 SO−24L 1000 Tape & Reel Device †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2004 May, 2004 − Rev. 8 1 Publication Order Number: CS4122/D CS4122 VCC VBB POR SO CS Data 7 Decode/ Latch 10 SI SCLK VTOP Serial to Parallel Shift Register (12 bits) VVAR 7 Bit DAC SIN+ MUX SIN− VBOT D7 COS+ D8 − D9 COS− VTOP 8 Data 7 Decode/ Latch 2 7 Bit DAC VVAR MUX C1+ C1− D7 Address Decode + Diag 1/2 VBB VTOP Data 7 Decode/ Latch 8 VVAR 7 Bit DAC VBB/2 MUX C2+ D7 C2− FAULT Fault Latch OE OC POR Over Temperature Output Amplifiers GND Figure 1. Block Diagram MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages are With Respect to Device Substrate) Value Unit −1.0 to 16.5 −1.0 to 6.0 V V −1.0 to 6.0 V Steady State Output Current ±100 mA Forced Injection Current (Inputs and Supply) ±10 mA Operating Junction Temperature (TJ) 150 °C Storage Temperature Range (TSTG) −65 to 150 °C JA (Thermal Resistance Junction−to−Ambient) 55 °C/W JC (Thermal Resistance Junction−to−Case) 9 °C/W 230 peak °C Rating Supply Voltage VBB VCC Digital Inputs Soldering Temperature: Reflow: (SMD styles only) (Note 1) Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 1. 60 second maximum above 183°C. http://onsemi.com 2 CS4122 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (−40°C ≤ TA ≤ 105°C, 7.5 V ≤ VBB ≤ 14 V, 4.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5 V; unless otherwise specified.) Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VBB = 14 V, no coil loads, RCOS, RSIN = 150 Major @ 45° (code = 08016), Both Minors @ 0° (codes = 0016) Major @ 0° (code = 00016), Both Minors @ 56° (codes = 8016) − 5.20 25 mA − 310 340 mA − 81 100 mA VCC = 5.5 V SCLK = 2.0 MHz SCLK = 0 MHz, VBB = 0 V − − 1.0 0.9 2.0 1.5 mA mA Thermal Shutdown Drive Outputs Off − 160 − °C Power−on Reset VCC Rising VCC Falling − 2.5 − − 4.5 − V V VCC − 0.8 − − V Supply Voltages and Currents Analog Supply Current Logic Supply Current Protection and Power−on Reset Digital Inputs and Outputs Output High Voltage SO = IOUT(HIGH) = 0.8 mA Output Low Voltage SO = IOUT(LOW) = 1.5 mA FAULT, IOUT(LOW) = 2.8 mA − − − − 0.4 0.8 V V FAULT Leakage Current VFAULT = 5.0 V − − 25 A Input High Voltage CS, SCLK, SI 0.7 × VCC − − V Input Low Voltage CS, SCLK, SI − − 0.3 × VCC V Input High Current CS, SCLK, SI, VIN = 0.7 × VCC − − 1.0 A Input Low Current CS, SCLK, SI, VIN = 0.3 × VCC − − 1.0 A SCLK Frequency − − − 2.0 MHz SCLK High Time − 175 − − ns SCLK Low Time − 175 − − ns SO Rise Time 0.75 V to VCC − 1.2 V; CL = 90 pF − − 100 ns SO Fall Time VCC − 1.2 V to 0.75 V; CL = 90 pF − − 100 ns SO Delay Time CL = 90 pF − − 150 ns SI Setup Time − 75 − − ns SI Hold Time − 75 − − ns CS Setup Time − 0 − − ns CS Hold Time − 75 − − ns Analog Outputs Output Function Accuracy Major Accuracy Minor Accuracy − − − − ±0.75 ±1.00 ° ° Output Shutdown Current, Source and Sink VBB = Max VBB = Min 70 43 − − − − mA mA Major Coil Drive Output Voltage − − 0.748 × VBB − V Minor Coil Drive Output Voltage − − 0.744 × VBB − V (0.5 × VBB) − 0.1 − (0.5 × VBB) + 0.1 V 229 171 150 − − − − − − VBB/2 IDR(VBB/2) = ±50 mA Minimum Load Resistance TA = 105°C TA = 25°C TA = −40°C http://onsemi.com 3 CS4122 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION PIN # PIN SYMBOL FUNCTION 1 SCLK Serial clock for shifting in/out of data. Rising edge shifts data on SI into the shift register and the falling edge changes the data on SO. 2 CS When High, allows data at SI to be shifted into the internal shift register with the rising edge of SCLK. The falling edge transfers the shift register contents into the DAC and multiplexer to update the output buffers. The falling edge also re−enables the output drivers if they have been disabled by a fault. 3 SIN− Negative output for SINE coil. 4 SIN+ Positive output for SINE coil. 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20 GND Ground for VBB and VCC supplies; device substrate. In the power SOIC package they aid in removing internally generated heat from the package and as such should be soldered to as large a PCB area as possible. 9 VBB/2 1/2 VBB output for biasing the minor coils. 10 C1+ Positive output for the #1 minor coil. 11 C1− Negative output for the #1 minor coil. 12 VCC 5.0 V logic supply. The internal registers and latches are reset by a POR generated by the rising edge of the voltage on this lead. 13 FAULT 14 VBB Analog supply. Nominally 12 V. 15 C2+ Positive output for the #2 minor coil. 16 C2− Negative output for the #2 minor coil. 21 COS− Negative output for COSINE coil. 22 COS+ Positive output for COSINE coil. 23 SI Serial data input. Data present at the rising edge of the clock signal is shifted into the internal shift register. 24 SO Serial data output. Existing 12 bit data is shifted out when new data is shifted in. Allows cascading of multiple devices on common serial port. Open−drain fault flag. A logic low on this lead indicates that an output is shorted or the device is in thermal shutdown. http://onsemi.com 4 CS4122 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION THEORY OF OPERATION Quadrant I The CS4122 is for interfacing between a microcontroller or microprocessor and air−core meters commonly used in automotive vehicles for speedometers, tachometers and auxiliary gauges. These meters are built using 2 coils placed at 90° orientation to each other. A magnetized disc floats in the middle of the coils and responds to the magnetic field generated by each coil. The disc has a shaft attached to it that protrudes out of the assembly. A pointer indicator is attached to this shaft and in conjunction with a separate printed scale displays the vehicle’s speed, engine’s speed or other information such as fuel quantity or battery voltage. The disc (and pointer) respond to the vector sum of the voltages applied to the coils. Ideally, this relationship follows a sine/cosine equation. Since this is a transcendental and non−linear function, devices of this type use an approximation for this relationship. The CS4122 uses a tangential algorithm as shown in Figure 2 for the major (360°) gauge. Only one output varies in any 45° range. Note: The actual slopes are segmented but are shown here as straight lines for simplicity. SIN) (VSIN) (V(VCOS ) (VCOS) Tan−1 For 0.176°to 44.824° : VSIN Tan 0.748 VBB VCOS 0.748 VBB For 45.176°to 89.824° : VSIN 0.748 VBB VCOS Tan(90° ) 0.748 VBB Quadrant II SIN) (VSIN) (V(VCOS ) (VCOS) 180° Tan−1 For 90.176°to 134.824° : VSIN 0.748 VBB VCOS Tan ( 90°) 0.748 VBB For 135.176°to 179.824° : Degrees of Rotation 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° VSIN Tan(180° ) 0.748 VBB 360° VCOS 0.748 VBB Max(128) SIN+ Output Quadrant III Min(0) Max(128) SIN− Output Min(0) For 180.176°to 224.824° : VSIN Tan ( 180°) 0.748 VBB Max(128) COS+ Output SIN) (VSIN) (V(VCOS ) (VCOS) 180° Tan−1 VCOS 0.748 VBB Min(0) For 225.176°to 269.824° : Max(128) VSIN 0.748 VBB COS− Output VCOS Tan (270° ) 0.748 VBB Min(0) 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 000 MUX bits (D9−D7) Figure 2. Major Gauge Outputs http://onsemi.com 5 CS4122 Quadrant IV Quadrant I, II SIN) (VSIN) (V(VCOS ) (VCOS) V(VBBC) V(V(VC2)) 56.1° Tan−1 360° Tan−1 For 270.176°to 314.824° : BB VCOIL V(VBB2) Tan (56.1° ) VSIN 0.748 VBB VCOS Tan( 270°) 0.748 VBB 56.1° VBB/2 For 315.176° 359.824° : VSIN Tan (360° ) 0.748 VBB 0° (−56.1) VCOS 0.748 VBB I VCOS+ 360/0° VC+ 0.748 VBB 90° VSIN+ 0.748 VBB III 0.744 VBB 0.744 VBB VC− To drive a gauge’s pointer to a particular angle, the microcontroller sends a 12 bit digital word to the CS4122. These 12 bits are divided as shown in Figure 6. However, from a software programmer’s viewpoint, a 360° circle is divided into 1024 equal parts of 0.35° each and a 112.2° arc is divided into 256 parts of 0.44° each. Table 1 shows the data associated with the 45° divisions of the 360° driver. Table 2 shows the data for the center and end points of the 112.2° drivers. Setting the address to “11” disables all outputs. I 0.748 VBB II Figure 5. Minor Gauge Outputs IV 270° VSIN− 112.2° II 0.748 VBB 180° VCOS− Figure 3. Major Gauge Response MSB The minor gauge coil outputs differ in that only one of the coils in each movement is driven by the IC. The other is driven directly by the analog supply voltage, specifically one−half of this voltage. The common output assures that this is true. By varying the voltage across the other coil to a greater voltage, the pointer can be deflected more than 45° to each side of the externally driven coil. This relationship is shown in Figure 4. Note: There are actually eight segments, but only the are shown here for simplicity. Degrees of Rotation 0° 14° 28° 42° 56° 70° 84° 98° 112° Max(128) LSB Major Gauge (360°) D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Minor Gauge #1 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Minor Gauge #2 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 C+ Output Gauge D9 − D7 select Address = “00” which octant Gauge Address = “01” Gauge Address = “10” Set to “00” Set to “00” Divides a 45° octant into 128 equal parts to achieve a 0.35° resolution Code 0 − 12710 Deflection angle 0 − 112.2°, to achieve a 0.44° resolution Code 0 − 25510 Deflection angle 0 − 112.2°, to achieve a 0.44° resolution Code 0 − 25510 Min(0) All D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Gauges All Outputs Disabled; D9 − D0 = “Don’t Care” Disabled Gauge Address = “11” Max(128) C− Output Min(0) 00 1F 3F 5F 7F 9F BF DF FF Code16 Figure 6. Definition of Serial Word Figure 4. Minor Gauge Outputs http://onsemi.com 6 CS4122 Table 1. Nominal Output for Major Gauge (VBB = 14 V) Input Code (Decimal) Ideal Degrees Nominal Degrees VSIN (V) VCOS (V) 0 0 0.176 0.032 10.472 128 45 45.176 10.472 10.412 256 90 90.176 10.472 −0.032 384 135 135.176 10.412 −10.472 512 180 180.176 −0.032 −10.472 640 225 225.176 −10.472 −10.412 768 270 270.176 −10.472 0.032 896 315 315.176 −10.476 10.412 1023 359.65 359.826 −0.032 10.472 CS CSSetup SCLK SI(Setup) Scale Degrees Degrees from Center VCOIL 0 0 −56.1 10.417 127 55.88 −0.22 0.027 128 56.32 0.22 −0.027 255 112.2 56.1 −10.417 SI(Hold) SI SO(Rise, Fall) 10% − 90% SO SO(tpd) Figure 7. Serial Data Timing Diagram The DAC for the major gauge driver outputs 128 discrete levels selected by bits D6 − D0. These bits are XOR’d with D7 to invert them when choosing the 2nd half of each quadrant (each odd octant). This reduces the number of resistors and switches required. The MUX chooses which signals to send to the output amplifiers based upon D9 − D7. There are three choices for each amplifier: high, low or the DAC output. The DAC’s for the minor gauge drivers similarly output 128 discrete levels selected by bits D6 − D0. These bits are also XOR’d with D7 to invert them when choosing the 2nd half of the output range. The MUX chooses which signals to send to the output amplifiers based upon D7. There are two choices for each amplifier; high or the DAC output. Bits D8 and D9 are not used, but should be set to “00” to ensure that the minor gauge outputs are enabled. The output buffers are unity gain amplifiers. Each of the eight outputs are designed to swing close to the supply rails to maximize the voltage across the coils to produce maximum torque. Additionally, this lowers the power dissipation. The current for each output is also monitored. If any of the major gauge outputs exceed the maximum value, all of the major outputs are disabled. If any of the minor gauge outputs exceed the maximum value, all of the minor outputs are disabled. The falling edge of the CS re−enables the outputs with the fault condition but they remain on only if the overcurrent situation has been eliminated. Table 2. Nominal Output for Minor Gauges (VBB = 14 V) Input Code (Decimal) CSHold The 12 bits are shifted into the device’s shift register MSB first using a SPI compatible scheme. This method is shown in Figures 6 and 7. The first 2 bits select the output driver for which the data is intended. The CS must be high and remain high for SCLK to be enabled. Data on SI is shifted in on the rising edge of the synchronous clock signal. Data in the shift register is shifted to SO on the falling edge of SCLK. This arrangement allows the cascading of devices. SO is always enabled. Data shifts through without affecting the outputs until CS is brought low. At this time, the internal DAC is updated and the outputs change accordingly. http://onsemi.com 7 CS4122 APPLICATION DIAGRAMS VOLTAGE REGULATION* 360° CS8156 VIN VOUT1 +12 V +5.0 V ENA VOUT2 VBAT VIGN 20 k COS+ SIN− COS− SIN+ IRQ SPI HOST CONTROLLER VCC VBB CS4122 FAULT C2+ CS C2− SI VBB/2 SO C1+ SCLK GND C1− *ON Semiconductor offers a complete line of automotive voltage regulators. Visit http://onsemi.com and search for the Automotive Analog Products Guide, SGD516/D. For additional information, please contact your local Sales Representative. Figure 8. Full Application 360° COS+ SIN− COS− SIN+ VBB VCC FAULT CS C2+ CS4122 C2− SI VBB/2 SO C1+ SCLK GND C1− 112° Figure 9. Application with One Minor Gauge http://onsemi.com 8 112° 112° CS4122 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS SO−24L DWF SUFFIX CASE 751E−04 ISSUE E −A− 24 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 13 −B− 12X P 0.010 (0.25) 1 M B M 12 24X D J 0.010 (0.25) M T A S B S DIM A B C D F G J K M P R F R X 45 C −T− SEATING PLANE M 22X G K MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 15.25 15.54 7.40 7.60 2.35 2.65 0.35 0.49 0.41 0.90 1.27 BSC 0.23 0.32 0.13 0.29 0 8 10.05 10.55 0.25 0.75 PACKAGE THERMAL DATA Parameter SO−24L Unit RJC Typical 9 °C/W RJA Typical 55 °C/W http://onsemi.com 9 INCHES MIN MAX 0.601 0.612 0.292 0.299 0.093 0.104 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.035 0.050 BSC 0.009 0.013 0.005 0.011 0 8 0.395 0.415 0.010 0.029 CS4122 POWERSENSE is a trademark of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION LITERATURE FULFILLMENT: Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor P.O. Box 5163, Denver, Colorado 80217 USA Phone: 303−675−2175 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada Fax: 303−675−2176 or 800−344−3867 Toll Free USA/Canada Email: [email protected] N. American Technical Support: 800−282−9855 Toll Free USA/Canada ON Semiconductor Website: http://onsemi.com Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/litorder Japan: ON Semiconductor, Japan Customer Focus Center 2−9−1 Kamimeguro, Meguro−ku, Tokyo, Japan 153−0051 Phone: 81−3−5773−3850 http://onsemi.com 10 For additional information, please contact your local Sales Representative. CS4122/D