LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 Single Supply 16-Bit, 100ksps, Sampling ADCs U FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ DESCRIPTIO The LTC ®1605-1/LTC1605-2 are 100ksps, sampling 16-bit A/D converters that draw only 55mW (typical) from a single 5V supply. These easy-to-use devices include a sample-and-hold, precision reference, switched capacitor successive approximation A/D and trimmed internal clock. Sample Rate: 100ksps Complete 16-Bit Solution on a Single 5V Supply Unipolar Input Range: 0V to 4V (LTC1605-1) Bipolar Input Range: ±4V (LTC1605-2) Power Dissipation: 55mW Typ Signal-to-Noise Ratio: 86dB Typ Operates with Internal or External Reference Internal Synchronized Clock 28-Pin 0.3" PDIP and SSOP Packages The LTC1605-1’s input range is 0V to 4V while the LTC1605-2’s input range is ±4V. An external reference can be used if greater accuracy over temperature is needed. U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ ■ ■ The ADC has a microprocessor compatible, 16-bit or two byte parallel output port. A convert start input and a data ready signal (BUSY) ease connections to FIFOs, DSPs and microprocessors. Industrial Process Control Multiplexed Data Acquisition Systems High Speed Data Acquisition for PCs Digital Signal Processing , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. U TYPICAL APPLICATIO LTC1605-1 Low Power, 100kHz, 16-Bit Sampling ADC on 5V Supply 5V 10µF 28 0.1µF Typical INL Curve 27 2.0 VDIG VANA 1 VIN 6 TO 13 15 TO 22 4k 16-BIT SAMPLING ADC 33.2k 2.5V 20k D15 TO D0 16-BIT OR 2 BYTE PARALLEL BUS 10k 4 CAP BUSY 26 2.2µF BUFFER 2.5V 3 REF CONTROL LOGIC AND TIMING 2.5V REFERENCE 4k CS 25 R/C 24 BYTE 23 2.2µF DIGITAL CONTROL SIGNALS 1.5 1.0 INL (LSBs) 0V TO 4V 200Ω INPUT 0.5 0 –0.5 –1.0 –1.5 –2.0 0 AGND1 2 AGND2 5 DGND 14 16384 32768 49152 65535 CODE 1605-1/2 TA01 1605-1/2 TA02/G04 1 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 W W U W ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS U W U PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO (Notes 1, 2) VANA .......................................................................... 7V VDIG to VANA ........................................................... 0.3V VDIG ........................................................................... 7V Ground Voltage Difference DGND, AGND1 and AGND2 .............................. ±0.3V Analog Inputs (Note 3) VIN ..................................................................... ±25V CAP ............................ VANA + 0.3V to AGND2 – 0.3V REF .................................... Indefinite Short to AGND2 Momentary Short to VANA Digital Input Voltage (Note 4) ........ VDGND – 0.3V to 10V Digital Output Voltage ........ VDGND – 0.3V to VDIG + 0.3V Power Dissipation .............................................. 500mW Operating Ambient Temperature Range LTC1605-1C/LTC1605-2C ....................... 0°C to 70°C LTC1605-1I/LTC1605-2I .................... – 40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C TOP VIEW ORDER PART NUMBER VIN 1 28 VDIG AGND1 2 27 VANA REF 3 26 BUSY CAP 4 25 CS AGND2 5 LTC1605-1CG LTC1605-1IG LTC1605-2CG LTC1605-2IG LTC1605-1CN LTC1605-1IN LTC1605-2CN LTC1605-2IN 24 R/C D15 (MSB) 6 23 BYTE D14 7 22 D0 D13 8 21 D1 D12 9 20 D2 D11 10 19 D3 D10 11 18 D4 D9 12 17 D5 D8 13 16 D6 DGND 14 15 D7 G PACKAGE 28-LEAD PLASTIC SSOP N PACKAGE 28-LEAD PDIP TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 95°C/W (G) TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 130°C/W (N) Consult factory for Military grade parts. U CO VERTER CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. With external reference (Notes 5, 6). PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Resolution ● 16 Bits No Missing Codes ● 15 Bits Transition Noise 1 LSBRMS Integral Linearity Error (Note 7) ● ±3 LSB Zero Error Ext. Reference = 2.5V (Note 8) ● ±10 mV ±2 Zero Error Drift ±7 Full-Scale Error Drift Full-Scale Error Ext. Reference = 2.5V (Notes 12, 13) Full-Scale Error Drift Ext. Reference = 2.5V Power Supply Sensitivity VANA = VDIG = VDD VDD = 5V ±5% (Note 9) U ppm/°C U ppm/°C ±0.50 ● ±2 % ppm/°C ±8 LSB A ALOG I PUT The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIN Analog Input Range (Note 9) 4.75V ≤ VANA ≤ 5.25V, 4.75V ≤ VDIG ≤ 5.25V LTC1605-1 LTC1605-2 MIN ● ● TYP 0 to 4 ±4 MAX UNITS V V CIN Analog Input Capacitance 10 pF RIN Analog Input Impedance 10 kΩ 2 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 W U DY A IC ACCURACY The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Notes 5, 14) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN S/(N + D) Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) Ratio 1kHz Input Signal (Note 14) 10kHz Input Signal 20kHz, – 60dB Input Signal THD Total Harmonic Distortion TYP MAX UNITS 87 85 30 dB dB dB 1kHz Input Signal, First 5 Harmonics 10kHz Input Signal, First 5 Harmonics – 101 – 92 dB dB Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise 1kHz Input Signal 10kHz Input Signal – 101 – 92 dB dB Full-Power Bandwidth (Note 15) 275 kHz 40 ns Aperture Delay Aperture Jitter Sufficient to Meet AC Specs Transient Response Full-Scale Step (Note 9) Overvoltage Recovery (Note 16) µs 2 150 ns U U U I TER AL REFERE CE CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) PARAMETER CONDITIONS VREF Output Voltage IOUT = 0 VREF Output Tempco IOUT = 0 ● MIN TYP MAX UNITS 2.470 2.500 2.520 V ±5 Internal Reference Source Current ppm/°C µA 1 External Reference Voltage for Specified Linearity (Notes 9, 10) External Reference Current Drain Ext. Reference = 2.5V (Note 9) CAP Output Voltage IOUT = 0 2.30 2.50 ● 2.70 V 100 µA 2.50 V U U DIGITAL I PUTS A D DIGITAL OUTPUTS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN VIH High Level Input Voltage VDD = 5.25V ● VIL Low Level Input Voltage VDD = 4.75V ● IIN Digital Input Current VIN = 0V to VDD ● CIN Digital Input Capacitance VOH High Level Output Voltage VDD = 4.75V IO = –10µA VOL Low Level Output Voltage VDD = 4.75V IO = 160µA IO = – 200µA IO = 1.6mA ● TYP MAX UNITS 0.8 V ±10 µA 2.4 V 5 pF 4.5 V 4.0 V 0.05 ● 0.10 V 0.4 V IOZ Hi-Z Output Leakage D15 to D0 VOUT = 0V to VDD, CS High ● ±10 µA COZ Hi-Z Output Capacitance D15 to D0 CS High (Note 9) ● 15 pF ISOURCE Output Source Current VOUT = 0V –10 mA ISINK Output Sink Current VOUT = VDD 10 mA 3 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 UW TI I G CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS fSAMPLE(MAX) Maximum Sampling Frequency ● tCONV Conversion Time ● 8 µs tACQ Acquisition Time ● 2 µs t1 Convert Pulse Width (Note 11) ● t2 Data Valid Delay After R/C↓ (Note 9) ● 8 µs t3 BUSY Delay from R/C↓ CL = 50pF ● 65 ns t4 BUSY Low t5 BUSY Delay After End of Conversion 220 ns t6 Aperture Delay 40 ns t7 Bus Relinquish Time ● 10 35 t8 BUSY Delay After Data Valid ● 50 200 ns t9 Previous Data Valid After R/C↓ 7.4 µs t10 R/C to CS Setup Time t11 Time Between Conversions t12 Bus Access and Byte Delay 100 kHz 40 ns µs 8 (Notes 9, 10) (Notes 9, 10) 83 ns 10 ns 10 µs 10 83 ns U W POWER REQUIRE E TS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN VDD Positive Supply Voltage (Notes 9, 10) 4.75 IDD Positive Supply Current PDIS Power Dissipation Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: All voltage values are with respect to ground with DGND, AGND1 and AGND2 wired together (unless otherwise noted). Note 3: When these pin voltages are taken below ground or above VANA = VDIG = VDD, they will be clamped by internal diodes. This product can handle input currents of greater than 100mA below ground or above VDD without latch-up. Note 4: When these pin voltages are taken below ground, they will be clamped by internal diodes. This product can handle input currents of 90mA below ground without latchup. These pins are not clamped to VDD. Note 5: VDD = 5V, fSAMPLE = 100kHz, tr = tf = 5ns unless otherwise specified. Note 6: Linearity, offset and full-scale specifications apply for a VIN input with respect to ground. Note 7: Integral nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of a code from a straight line passing through the actual end points of the transfer curve. The deviation is measured from the center of the quantization band. Note 8: Zero error for the LTC1605-1 is the voltage measured from 0.5LSB when the output code flickers between 0000 0000 0000 0000 and 0000 0000 0000 0001. Zero error for the LTC1605-2 is the voltage measured from – 0.5LSB when the output code flickers between 0000 0000 0000 0000 and 1111 1111 1111 1111. 4 ● TYP MAX UNITS 5.25 V 11 16 mA 55 80 mW Note 9: Guaranteed by design, not subject to test. Note 10: Recommended operating conditions. Note 11: With CS low the falling R/C edge starts a conversion. If R/C returns high at a critical point during the conversion it can create small errors. For best results ensure that R/C returns high within 3µs after the start of the conversion. Note 12: As measured with fixed resistors shown in Figure 4. Adjustable to zero with external potentiometer. Note 13: Full-scale error is the untrimmed deviation from ideal last code transition, divided by the full-scale range and includes the effect of offset error. Note 14: All specifications in dB are referred to a full-scale 4V input for the LTC1605-1 and to ±4V input for the LTC1605-2. Note 15: Full-power bandwidth is defined as full-scale input frequency at which a signal-to-(noise + distortion) degrades to 60dB or 10 bits of accuracy. Note 16: Recovers to specified performance after (±20V) input overvoltage for the LTC1605-1 and ±15V for the LTC1605-2. LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Supply Current vs Supply Voltage 12.5 12.0 fSAMPLE = 100kHz 11.0 10.5 10.0 4.75 5.00 5.25 CHANGE IN CAP VOLTAGE (V) POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 11.5 9.5 4.50 0.04 fSAMPLE = 100kHz 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.5 10.0 –50 5.50 –25 0 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 75 1605-1/2 G01 –0.02 –0.04 LTC1605-2 –0.06 100 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 –0.5 –1.0 –20 0 –0.5 –1.5 –2.0 –2.0 0 16384 32768 49152 65535 0 CODE 16384 32768 49152 –50 –60 LTC1605-1 –70 –80 100 65535 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (dB) –70 SINAD (dB) 88 86 84 82 80 1605-1/2 G07/F11 1M Total Harmonic Distortion vs Input Frequency (LTC1605-2) 90 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 FREQUENCY (kHz) 10k 100k 1k RIPPLE FREQUENCY (Hz) LTXXXX GXX SINAD vs Input Frequency (LTC1605-2) fSAMPLE = 100kHz fIN = 1kHz SINAD = 87dB THD = 101.1dB SNR = 87.2dB 5 LTC1605-2 –40 1605-1/2 G05 1605-1/2 TA02/G04 0 –30 CODE LTC1605-2 Nonaveraged 4096-Point FFT Plot 10 Power Supply Feedthrough vs Ripple Frequency –1.0 –1.5 0 1605-1/2 G03 POWER SUPPLY FEEDTHROUGH (dB) 2.0 0 LTC1605-1 –0.10 –80 –70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 LOAD CURRENT (mA) Typical DNL Curve DNL (LSB) INL (LSBs) 0 1605-1/2 G02 Typical INL Curve MAGNITUDE (dB) 0.02 –0.08 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 –120 –130 Change in CAP Voltage vs Load Current Supply Current vs Temperature –80 –90 –100 –110 1 10 INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1605-1/2 G08 1 10 INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1605-1/2 G09 5 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U U U PIN FUNCTIONS VIN (Pin 1): Analog Input. Connect through a 200Ω resistor to the analog input. Full-scale input range is 0V to 4V for the LTC1605-1 and ±4V for the LTC1605-2. being the LSB. With BYTE high the upper eight bits and the lower eight bits will be switched. The MSB is output on Pin 15 and bit 8 is output on Pin 22. Bit 7 is output on Pin 6 and the LSB is output on Pin 13. AGND1 (Pin 2): Analog Ground. Tie to analog ground plane. R/C (Pin 24): Read/Convert Input. With CS low, a falling edge on R/C puts the internal sample-and-hold into the hold state and starts a conversion. With CS low, a rising edge on R/C enables the output data bits. REF (Pin 3): 2.5V Reference Output. Bypass with 2.2µF tantalum capacitor. Can be driven with an external reference. CS (Pin 25): Chip Select. Internally OR’d with R/C. With R/C low, a falling edge on CS will initiate a conversion. With R/C high, a falling edge on CS will enable the output data. CAP (Pin 4): Reference Buffer Output. Bypass with 2.2µF tantalum capacitor. AGND2 (Pin 5): Analog Ground. Tie to analog ground plane. BUSY (Pin 26): Output Shows Converter Status. It is low when a conversion is in progress. Data valid on the rising edge of BUSY. CS or R/C must be high when BUSY rises or another conversion will start without time for signal acquisition. D15 to D8 (Pins 6 to 13): Three-State Data Outputs. Hi-Z state when CS is high or when R/C is low. DGND (Pin 14): Digital Ground. D7 to D0 (Pins 15 to 22): Three-State Data Outputs. Hi-Z state when CS is high or when R/C is low. VANA (Pin 27): 5V Analog Supply. Bypass to ground with a 0.1µF ceramic and a 10µF tantalum capacitor. BYTE (Pin 23): Byte Select. With BYTE low, data will be output with Pin 6 (D15) being the MSB and Pin 22 (D0) VDIG (Pin 28): 5V Digital Supply. Connect directly to Pin␣ 27. W FU CTIO AL BLOCK DIAGRA U U 4k 6K* CSAMPLE VIN 10k OPEN* 20k 3.75k* VANA CSAMPLE REF VDIG ZEROING SWITCHES 4k 2.5V REF + REF BUF COMP 16-BIT CAPACITIVE DAC – CAP (2.5V) 16 SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION REGISTER AGND1 • • • OUTPUT LATCHES AGND2 DGND INTERNAL CLOCK *RESISTOR VALUES FOR THE LTC1605-2 6 CONTROL LOGIC 1605-1/2 BD CS R/C BYTE BUSY D15 D0 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 TEST CIRCUITS Load Circuit for Output Float Delay Load Circuit for Access Timing 5V 5V 1k DBN 1k DBN 1k DBN DBN CL CL 1k 50pF 1605-1/2 TC02 1605-1/2 TC01 B. HI-Z TO VOL AND VOH TO VOL A. VOH TO HI-Z B. VOL TO HI-Z U A. HI-Z TO VOH AND VOL TO VOH 50pF U W U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Conversion Details The LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 use a successive approximation algorithm and an internal sample-and-hold circuit to convert an analog signal to a 16-bit or two byte parallel output. The ADC is complete with a precision reference and an internal clock. The control logic provides easy interface to microprocessors and DSPs. (Please refer to the Digital Interface section for the data format.) Conversion start is controlled by the CS and R/C inputs. At the start of conversion, the successive approximation register (SAR) is reset. Once a conversion cycle has begun, it cannot be restarted. During the conversion, the internal 16-bit capacitive DAC output is sequenced by the SAR from the most significant bit (MSB) to the least significant bit (LSB). Referring to Figure 1, VIN is connected through the resistor divider and S1 to the sample-and-hold capacitor during the acquire phase and the comparator offset is nulled by the SAMPLE RIN1 S1 SAMPLE S3 CSAMPLE – VIN RIN2 HOLD S2 + CDAC COMPARATOR DAC VDAC S A R 16-BIT LATCH 1605-1/2 F01 Figure 1. LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 Simplified Equivalent Circuit autozero switch, S3. In this acquire phase, a minimum delay of 2µs will provide enough time for the sample-andhold capacitor to acquire the analog signal. During the convert phase, S3 opens, putting the comparator into the compare mode. The input switch S2 switches CSAMPLE to ground, injecting the analog input charge onto the summing junction. This input charge is successively compared with the binary-weighted charges supplied by the capacitive DAC. Bit decisions are made by the high speed comparator. At the end of a conversion, the DAC output balances the VIN input charge. The SAR contents (a 16bit data word) that represents the VIN are loaded into the 16-bit output latches. Driving the Analog Inputs The nominal input range for the LTC1605-1 is 0V to 4V or (1.6VREF) and for the LTC1605-2 the input range is ±4V or (±1.6VREF). The inputs are overvoltage protected to ±25V. The input impedance is typically 10kΩ; therefore, it should be driven by a low impedance source. Wideband noise coupling into the input can be minimized by placing a 1000pF capacitor at the input as shown in Figure 2. An NPO-type capacitor gives the lowest distortion. Place the capacitor as close to the device input pin as possible. If an amplifier is to be used to drive the input, care should be taken to select an amplifier with adequate accuracy, linearity and noise for the application. The following list is a summary of the op amps that are suitable for driving the LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2. More detailed information is available in the Linear Technology data books and LinearViewTM CD-ROM. LinearView is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation 7 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION LT®1007 - Low noise precision amplifier. 2.7mA supply current ±5V to ±15V supplies. Gain bandwidth product 8MHz. DC applications. LT1097 - Low cost, low power precision amplifier. 300µA supply current. ±5V to ±15V supplies. Gain bandwidth product 0.7MHz. DC applications. LT1227 - 140MHz video current feedback amplifier. 10mA supply current. ±5V to ±15V supplies. Low noise and low distortion. LT1360 - 37MHz voltage feedback amplifier. 3.8mA supply current. ±5V to ±15V supplies. Good AC/DC specs. LT1363 - 50MHz voltage feedback amplifier. 6.3mA supply current. Good AC/DC specs. LT1364/LT1365 - Dual and quad 50MHz voltage feedback amplifiers. 6.3mA supply current per amplifier. Good AC/DC specs. LT1468 - 90MHz, 22V/µs 16-Bit Accurate Amplifier AIN 200Ω VIN 1000pF 33.2k CAP 1605-1/2 F02 Figure 2. Analog Input Filtering Internal Voltage Reference The LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 has an on-chip, temperature compensated, curvature corrected, bandgap reference, which is factory trimmed to 2.50V. The full-scale range of the ADC is equal to (1.6VREF) or nominally 0V to 4V for the LTC1605-1 and (±1.6VREF) or nominally ±4V for the LTC1605-2. The output of the reference is connected to the input of a unity-gain buffer through a 4k resistor (see Figure 3). The input to the buffer or the output of the reference is available at REF (Pin 3). The internal reference can be overdriven with an external reference if more accuracy is needed. The buffer output drives the internal DAC and is available at CAP (Pin 4). The CAP pin can be used to drive a steady DC load of less than 2mA. Driving an AC load is not recommended because it can cause the performance of the converter to degrade. 8 For minimum code transition noise the REF pin and the CAP pin should each be decoupled with a capacitor to filter wideband noise from the reference and the buffer (2.2µF tantalum). Offset and Gain Adjustments The LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 offset and full-scale errors have been trimmed at the factory with the external resistors shown in Figure 4. This allows for external adjustment of offset and full scale in applications where absolute accuracy is important. See Figure 5 for the offset and gain trim circuit for the LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2. First adjust the offset to zero by adjusting resistor R3. Apply an input voltage of 30.5µV (0.5LSB) and adjust R3 so the code is changing between 0000 0000 0000 0001 and 0000 0000 0000 0000. The gain error is trimmed by adjusting resistor R4. An input voltage of 3.999908V (FS – 1.5LSB) is applied to VIN and R4 is adjusted until the output code is changing between 1111 1111 1111 1110 and 1111 1111 1111 1111. Figure 6a shows the unipolar transfer characteristic of the LTC1605-1. For the LTC1605-2, first adjust the offset to zero by adjusting resistor R3. Apply an input voltage of – 61µV (– 0.5LSB) and adjust R3 so the code is changing between 1111 1111 1111 1111 and 0000 0000 0000 0000. The gain error is trimmed by adjusting resistor R4. An input voltage of 3.999817V (+ FS – 1.5LSB) is applied to VIN and R4 is adjusted until the outut code is changing between 0111 1111 1111 1110 and 0111 1111 1111 1111. Figure 6b shows the bipolar transfer characteristics of the LTC1605-2. DC Performance One way of measuring the transition noise associated with a high resolution ADC is to use a technique where a DC signal is applied to the input of the ADC and the resulting output codes are collected over a large number of conversions. For example, in Figure 7 the distribution of output code is shown for a DC input that has been digitized 10000 times. The distribution is Gaussian and the RMS code transition is about 1LSB. LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U U W U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 4k 3 REF (2.5V) 2.2µF 111...110 VANA OUTPUT CODE + – 4 CAP (2.5V) 111...111 BANDGAP REFERENCE S S INTERNAL CAPACITOR DAC 2.2µF UNIPOLAR ZERO 000...001 FS = 4V 1LSB = FS/65536 000...000 1605-1/2 F03 0V 1 LSB FS – 1LSB INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 3. Internal or External Reference Source 1605-1/2 F06a Figure 6a. LTC1605-1 Unipolar Transfer Characteristics 011...111 2 200Ω 1% 33.2k 1% 2.2µF 3 4 + 2.2µF 5 BIPOLAR ZERO 011...110 VIN AGND1 LTC1605-1 LTC1605-2 REF OUTPUT CODE 1 + 0V TO 4V OR ± 4V INPUT CAP 000...001 000...000 111...111 111...110 AGND2 100...001 FS = 8V 1LSB = FS/65536 1605-1/2 F04 100...000 Figure 4. 0V to 4V Input for the LTC1605-1 and ±4V for the LTC1605-2 Without Trim – FS/2 –1 0V 1 LSB LSB INPUT VOLTAGE (V) FS/2 – 1LSB 1605-1/2 F06b Figure 6B. LTC1605-2 Bipolar Transfer Characteristics 0V TO 4V OR ± 4V INPUT 200Ω 1% 1 2 33.2k 1% GAIN TRIM 5V R4 50k OFFSET TRIM R3 50k 3000 REF 576k 4 + 3500 LTC1605-1 LTC1605-2 2.2µF 3 4000 AGND1 COUNT + 4500 VIN CAP 2000 1500 2.2µF 5 2500 1000 AGND2 500 1605-1/2 F05 Figure 5. 0V to 4V Input for the LTC1605-1 and ±4V for the LTC1605-2 with Offset and Gain Trim 0 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 CODE 2 3 4 5 1605-1/2 F07 Figure 7. Histogram for 10000 Conversions 9 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U U W U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION DIGITAL INTERFACE Internal Clock The ADC has an internal clock that is trimmed to achieve a typical conversion time of 7µs. No external adjustments are required and, with the typical acquisition time of 1µs, throughput performance of 100ksps is assured. Timing and Control Conversion start and data read are controlled by two digital inputs: CS and R/C. To start a conversion and put the sample-and-hold into the hold mode, bring CS and R/C low for no less than 40ns. Once initiated, it cannot be restarted until the conversion is complete. Converter status is indicated by the BUSY output and this is low while the conversion is in progress. There are two modes of operation. The first mode is shown in Figure 8. The digital input R/C is used to control the start of conversion. CS is tied low. When R/C goes low, the sample-and-hold goes into the hold mode and a conversion is started. BUSY goes low and stays low during the conversion and will go back high after the conversion has been completed and the internal output shift registers have been updated. R/C should remain low for no less than 40ns. During the time R/C is low, the digital outputs are in a Hi-Z state. R/C should be brought back high within 3µs after the start of the conversion to ensure that no errors occur in the digitized result. The second mode, shown in Figure 9, uses the CS signal to control the start of a conversion and the reading of the digital output. In this mode, the R/C input signal should be brought low no less than 10ns before the falling edge of CS. The minimum pulse width for CS is 40ns. When CS falls, BUSY goes low and will stay low until the end of the conversion. BUSY will go high after the conversion has been completed. The new data is valid when CS is brought back low again to initiate a read. Again, it is recommended that both R/C and CS return high within 3µs after the start of the conversion. Output Data The output data can be read as a 16-bit word or it can be read as two 8-bit bytes. The format of the output data is straight binary for the LTC1605-1 and two’s complement for the LTC1605-2. The digital input pin BYTE is used to control the two byte read. With the BYTE pin low, the first eight MSBs are output on the D15 to D8 pins and the eight LSBs are output on the D7 to D0 pins. When the BYTE pin is taken high, the eight LSBs replace the eight MSBs (Figure 10). t1 R/C t 11 t2 t4 t3 BUSY t6 MODE t5 ACQUIRE CONVERT ACQUIRE t CONV t ACQ CONVERT t9 DATA MODE PREVIOUS DATA VALID HI-Z t7 PREVIOUS DATA VALID DATA VALID NOT VALID t8 Figure 8. Conversion Timing with Outputs Enabled After Conversion (CS Tied Low) 10 HI-Z DATA VALID 1605-1/2 F08 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION t 10 t 10 t 10 t 10 R/C t1 t1 CS t3 t4 BUSY t6 MODE ACQUIRE CONVERT ACQUIRE t CONV HI-Z DATA BUS DATA VALID t 12 t7 HI-Z 1605-1/2 F09 Figure 9. Using CS to Control Conversion and Read Timing t 10 t 10 R/C CS BYTE PINS 6 TO 13 HI-Z HIGH BYTE t 12 PINS 15 TO 22 HI-Z t 12 LOW BYTE HI-Z LOW BYTE t7 HIGH BYTE HI-Z 1605-1/2 F10 Figure 10. Using CS and BYTE to Control Data Bus Read Timing 11 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Dynamic Performance FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) test techniques are used to test the ADC’s frequency response, distortion and noise at the rated throughput. By applying a low distortion sine wave and analyzing the digital output using an FFT algorithm, the ADC’s spectral content can be examined for frequencies outside the fundamental. Figure 11 shows a typical LTC1605-2 FFT plot which yields a SINAD of 87dB and THD of –101.1dB. Signal-to-Noise Ratio MAGNITUDE (dB) The Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio (SINAD) is the ratio between the RMS amplitude of the fundamental input frequency to the RMS amplitude of all other frequency components at the A/D output. The output is band limited to frequencies from above DC and below half the sampling frequency. Figure 11 shows a typical SINAD of 87dB with a 100kHz sampling rate and a 1kHz input. 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 –120 –130 fSAMPLE = 100kHz fIN = 1kHz SINAD = 87dB THD = 101.1dB SNR = 87.2dB 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 FREQUENCY (kHz) 1605-1/2 G07/F11 Figure 11. LTC1605-2 Nonaveraged 4096-Point FFT Plot Total Harmonic Distortion Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is the ratio of the RMS sum of all harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself. The out-of-band harmonics alias into the frequency band between DC and half the sampling frequency. THD is expressed as: THD = 20log 12 √V22 + V32 + V42 ... + VN2 V1 where V1 is the RMS amplitude of the fundamental frequency and V2 through VN are the amplitudes of the second through Nth harmonics. Board Layout, Power Supplies and Decoupling Wire wrap boards are not recommended for high resolution or high speed A/D converters. To obtain the best performance from the LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2, a printed circuit board is required. Layout for the printed circuit board should ensure the digital and analog signal lines are separated as much as possible. In particular, care should be taken not to run any digital track alongside an analog signal track or underneath the ADC. The analog input should be screened by AGND. Figures 12 through 15 show a layout for a suggested evaluation circuit which will help obtain the best performance from the 16-bit ADC. Additional information regarding the evaluation circuit and Gerber files for the PC board layout are available from Linear Technology or your local sales office. Pay particular attention to the design of the analog and digital ground planes. The DGND pin of the LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 can be tied to the analog ground plane. Placing the bypass capacitor as close as possible to the power supply, the reference and reference buffer output is very important. Low impedance common returns for these bypass capacitors are essential to low noise operation of the ADC, and the PC track width for these lines should be as wide as possible. Also, since any potential difference in grounds between the signal source and ADC appears as an error voltage in series with the input signal, attention should be paid to reducing the ground circuit impedance as much as possible. The digital output latches and the onboard sampling clock have been placed on the digital ground plane. The two ground planes are tied together at the power supply ground connection. LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U W U U APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Figure 12. Component Side Silkscreen for the Suggested LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 Evaluation Circuit ANALOG GROUND PLANE DIGITAL GROUND PLANE Figure 13. Bottom Side Showing Analog Ground Plane ANALOG GROUND PLANE Figure 14. Component Side Showing Separate Analog and Digital Ground Plane 13 2 1 2 1 2 R17 51 GND NA OUT U8 1MHz, OSC EXT_CLK 1 J1 J2 AIN GND E2 3 3 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 9 1 8 CLK LOAD ENP ENT A B C OUT TRIM QA QB QC QD RCO 15 14 13 12 11 5 6 7 8 JP1 R18 200Ω 1% VCC R21, 2k 3 15 2 1 JP4 2 CLK 13 CS VCC 3 VCC Q Q JP5 2 C3 0.1µF C4 2.2µF C16 1000pF C9 0.1µF C8 0.1µF C7 10µF VKK C5 0.1µF R19 33.2k 1% C10 0.1µF DIGITAL I.C. BYPASSING 28 27 26 25 24 23 14 5 4 3 2 1 VDIG VANA BUSY CS R/C BYTE DGND AGND2 CAP REF AGND1 VIN D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 U1 LTC1605-1 LTC1605-2 C11 0.1µF VCC D12 D13 D14 D15 U4B 74HC04 3 4 22 D0 21 D1 20 D2 19 D3 18 D4 17 D5 16 D6 15 D7 13 D8 12 D9 11 D10 10 D11 9 8 7 6 C12 0.1µF R20 1K C13 0.1µF 1 C1 15PF 11 9 8 D6 D7 7 D5 6 5 D3 D4 4 3 2 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 D2 D1 D0 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 C14 0.1µF Figure 15. LTC1605-1 Suggested Evaluation Circuit Schematic GND 1 RCEXT CEXT B A 4 C2 2.2µF U6A 74HC221 NORNAL 1 BYTE REVERSE 3 C17 10µF EXT VREF INT VCC VDD JP3 2 C6 22µF 10V R16 20 INT 1 VCC CLK EXT 3 U4E 74HC04 11 10 U9 LT1019-2.5 GND TEMP CLR D NC2 + INPUT HEATER NC1 D16 MBR0520 U7 74HC160 U4D 74HC04 VCC 9 VKK VIN U5 LT1121 GND 2 VIN 7V TO 15V 1 E1 VIN VKK Q0 Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 U4C 74HC04 5 6 CLK OC D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 U3 74HC574 CLK OC D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 U2 74HC574 C15 10µF 19 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 U4A 74HC04 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 R0, 1.2k R1, 1.2k R2, 1.2k R3, 1.2k R4, 1.2k R5, 1.2k R6, 1.2k R7, 1.2k R8, 1.2k R9, 1.2k R10, 1.2k R11, 1.2k R12, 1.2k R13, 1.2k R14, 1.2k 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 D7 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 GND GND CLK D15 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 12 13 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 1605-1/2 F15 JP2 LED ENABLE U U 14 W D15 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION U R15, 1.2k LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S The circuit in Figure 16 is an example showing the LTC1605 16-bit A/D converter and LTC1391 8-channel MUX connected to a 68HC11 controller. The LTC1605’s 16-bit data output is read in two 8-bit bytes using Pins 6 (MSB, Bit7) through 13 (Bit8, Bit0), connected to the HC11’s PORTC. The MUX’s 4-bit serial address data is sent using the controller’s SPI. The process to convert a channel’s input signal is shown in sample listing A. It begins with shifting in the MUX’s channel data while the SS signal is a logic high. The MUX channel address is latched on the falling edge of SS and the chosen channel’s input is applied at the LTC1605’s input, Pin 1. Through the processor’s PORTA, a low-going pulse is applied to the LTC1605’s R/C pin, initiating a conversion. The processor then monitors the BUSY output. When this signal becomes a logic high, signaling the end of conversion, the processor reads the high byte of the conversion through PORTC. The low byte is read through PORTC when the processor changes the BYTE signal to a logic high. The timing relationship of the control signals and data are shown in Figure 17. Sample Listing A ************************************************************************* * * * This example program selects the an LTC1391 MUX channel, initiates a * * conversion, and retrieves conversion data. It stores the 16-bit data * * in two consecutive memory locations. The program is designed for use * * with the LTC1605’s /CS tied to ground (see timing diagram in * * Figure 17). * * * ************************************************************************* * ***************************************** * 68HC11 register definitions * ***************************************** * PORTA EQU $1000 Parallel port A * Use Bit0 as an input for the LTC1605’s /BUSY signal * Use Bit3 as an output driving the LTC1605’s BYTE * input PIOC EQU $1002 Parallel I/O control register * “STAF,STAI,CWOM,HNDS, OIN, PLS, EGA,INVB” PORTC EQU $1003 Port C data register * “Bit7,Bit6,Bit5,Bit4,Bit3,Bit2,Bit1,Bit0” DDRC EQU $1007 Port D data direction register * “Bit7,Bit6,Bit5,Bit4,Bit3,Bit2,Bit1,Bit0” * 1 = output, 0 = input PORTD EQU $1008 Port D data register * “ - , - , SS* ,CSK ;MOSI,MISO,TxD ,RxD “ DDRD EQU $1009 Port D data direction register SPCR EQU $1028 SPI control register * “SPIE,SPE ,DWOM,MSTR;SPOL,CPHA,SPR1,SPR0” SPSR EQU $1029 SPI status register * “SPIF,WCOL, - ,MODF; - , - , - , - “ SPDR EQU $102A SPI data register; Read-Buffer; Write-Shifter * * RAM variables to hold the LTC1605’s 14 conversion result * DIN1 EQU $00 This memory location holds the LTC1605’s bits 15 - 08 DIN2 EQU $01 This memory location holds the LTC1605’s bits 07 - 00 MUX EQU $02 This memory location holds the MUX address data * 15 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S ***************************************** * Start GETDATA Routine * ***************************************** * ORG $C000 Program start location INIT1 LDAA #$03 0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1 * “STAF=0,STAI=0,CWOM=0,HNDS=0, OIN=0, PLS=0, EGA=1,INVB=1” STAA PIOC Ensures that the PIOC register’s status is the same * as after a reset, necessary of simple Port D manipulation LDAA #$00 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 * “Bits 7 - 0 are used as inputs for the LTC1605’s data STAA DDRC Direction of PortD’s bit are now set as inputs LDAA #$2F -,-,1,0;1,1,1,1 * -, -, SS*-Hi, SCK-Lo, MOSI-Hi, MISO-Hi, X, X STAA PORTD Keeps SS* a logic high when DDRD, Bit5 is set LDAA #$38 -,-,1,1;1,0,0,0 STAA DDRD SS* , SCK, MOSI are configured as Outputs * MISO, TxD, RxD are configured as Inputs * DDRD’s Bit5 is a 1 so that port D’s SS* pin is a general output LDAA #$50 STAA SPCR The SPI is configured as Master, CPHA = 0, CPOL = 0 * and the clock rate is E/2 * (This assumes an E-Clock frequency of 4MHz. For higher * E-Clock frequencies, change the above value of $50 to a * value that ensures the SCK frequency is 2MHz or less.) GETDATAPSHX PSHY PSHA * ***************************************** * Setup indecies * ***************************************** * LDX #$0 The X register is used as a pointer to the memory * locations that hold the conversion data LDY #$1000 * ***************************************** * Ensure that a logic high is applied * * to the LTC1391’s /CS and the * * LTC1605’s R/C pins * ***************************************** * BSET PORTD,Y %00100000 This sets the SS* output bit to a logic * high, ensuring that the LTC1391’s CS* * input is a logic high while clocking * MUX address data into the LTC1391 BSET PORTA,Y %00010000 This sets the R/C* output bit to a logic * high, ensuring that the LTC1605’s R/C* * input is a logic high before initiating * a conversion ***************************************** 16 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S * Retrieve the MUX address from memory * * and send it to the LTC1391 * ***************************************** * LDAA MUX Retrieve the MUX address from memory ORAA #$08 Enable the selected MUX address STAA SPDR Select the MUX channel WAIT1 LDAA SPSR This loop waits for the SPI to complete a serial * transfer/exchange by reading the SPI Status Register BPL WAIT1 The SPIF (SPI transfer complete flag) bit is the SPSR’s * MSB and is set to one at the end of an SPI transfer. The * branch will occur while SPIF is a zero. BCLR PORTD,Y %00100000 This forces a logic low on PORTD’s SS*, * latching the MUXes data * ***************************************** * Initiate a LTC1605 conversion * ***************************************** * BCLR BSET PORTA,Y %00010000 PORTA,Y %00010000 Initiate a conversion This sets the LTC1605’s R/C* to a logic high * * ***************************************** * Set the LTC1605’s BYTE input low to * * ensure that the high byte is present * * during the first read * ***************************************** * LDAA PORTA Get the contents of Port A ANDA #%11110111 Set Bit3 low STAA PORTA Set the LTC1605’s BYTE input low * ***************************************** * The next short loop ensures that the * * LTC1605’s conversion is finished * * before starting the data transfer* ***************************************** * CONVENDLDAA PORTA Retrieve the contents of port A ANDA #%00000001 Look at Bit0 * Bit0 = Lo; the LTC1605’s conversion is not * complete * Bit0 = Hi; the LTC1605’s conversion is complete BEQ CONVEND Branch to the loop’s beginning while Bit7 * remains low * 17 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S ************************************************************************* * This routine retrieves the LTC1605’s 16-bit data using two 8-bit * * reads. The BYTE input is manipulated through Port A’s Bit3. During * * the first read when BYTE is low, the upper byte is read and stored in * DIN1.During the second read when BYTE is high, the lower byte is * * read and stored in DIN2. * ************************************************************************* * LDAA PORTC Retrieve the LTC1605’s high byte STAA DIN1 Store the high byte LDAA PORTA Get the contents of Port A ORAA #%00001000 Set Bit3 high STAA PORTA Set the LTC1605’s BYTE input high LDAA PORTC Retrieve the LTC1605’s low byte STAA DIN2 Store the high byte PULA Restore the A register PULY Restore the Y register PULX Restore the X register RTS * 5V 2 3 4 5 6 7 V+ S1 D 3 15 14 V– S3 DOUT S4 DIN S5 CS S6 DLK S7 DGND 13 8 1/2 LT1630 5V 2 0.1µF + – 4 12 1 LTC1605-1 LTC1605-2 200Ω 1% 1 22 21 17 20 16 + 2.2µF USE FOR LTC1605-2 9 M0S1 SS CLK –5V SUPPLY FOR LTC1605-2 VIN 33.2k 1% 5 CAP AGND2 2.2µF 3 2 SPI 19 14 REF AGND1 DGND 10µF 1µF 28 VDIG 27 VANA 6 D7/D15 7 D6/D14 8 D5/D13 9 D4/D12 10 D3/D11 11 D2/D10 12 D1/D9 13 D0/D8 18 4 11 10 5V 0.1µF 16 + 8 S0 S2 5V 0.1µF LTC1391 1 BUSY 15 26 25 24 R/C 23 BYTE PORTC, BIT7 PORTC, BIT6 PORTC, BIT5 PORTC, BIT4 PORTC, BIT3 PORTC, BIT2 PORTC, BIT1 PORTC, BIT0 PORTA, BIT0 CS 1605-1/2 F16 Figure 16. 8-Channel, 16-Bit Data Acquisition System with Interface to the 68HC11 18 PORTA, BIT4 PORTA, BIT3 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTION Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. G Package 28-Lead Plastic SSOP (0.209) (LTC DWG # 05-08-1640) 10.07 – 10.33* (0.397 – 0.407) 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 7.65 – 7.90 (0.301 – 0.311) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5.20 – 5.38** (0.205 – 0.212) 1.73 – 1.99 (0.068 – 0.078) 0° – 8° 0.65 (0.0256) BSC 0.55 – 0.95 (0.022 – 0.037) 0.13 – 0.22 (0.005 – 0.009) NOTE: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS *DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (0.006") PER SIDE **DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.254mm (0.010") PER SIDE 0.05 – 0.21 (0.002 – 0.008) 0.25 – 0.38 (0.010 – 0.015) G28 SSOP 1098 N Package 28-Lead PDIP (Narrow 0.300) (LTC DWG # 05-08-1510) 1.370* (34.789) MAX 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0.255 ± 0.015* (6.477 ± 0.381) 0.300 – 0.325 (7.620 – 8.255) 0.130 ± 0.005 (3.302 ± 0.127) 0.045 – 0.065 (1.143 – 1.651) 0.020 (0.508) MIN 0.009 – 0.015 (0.229 – 0.381) ( +0.035 0.325 –0.015 8.255 +0.889 –0.381 ) 0.125 (3.175) MIN 0.065 (1.651) TYP 0.005 (0.127) MIN 0.100 (2.54) BSC 0.018 ± 0.003 (0.457 ± 0.076) *THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010 INCH (0.254mm) Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. N28 1098 19 LTC1605-1/LTC1605-2 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO MUX CS MUX DATA CH0 CH1 CH2 R/C BUSY BYTE ADC DATA HI BYTE LO BYTE DATA 0 HI BYTE LO BYTE HI BYTE LO BYTE DATA 1 1605-1/2 F17 Figure 17. This Is the Timing Relationship Between the Selected MUX Channel, Its Conversion Data and the ADC and MUX Control Signals When Using the Sample Program In Listing 1. The Conversion Process Is Latency Free: the Data Is Always Generated Based On the Currently Selected MUX Input RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER LT ® 1019-2.5 LTC1274/LTC1277 LTC1415 LTC1419 LT1460-2.5 LTC1594/LTC1598 LTC1604 LTC1605 20 DESCRIPTION Precision Bandgap Reference Low Power 12-Bit, 100ksps ADCs Single 5V, 12-Bit, 1.25Msps ADC Low Power 14-Bit, 800ksps ADC Micropower Precision Series Reference Micropower 4-/8-Channel 12-Bit ADCs 16-Bit, 333ksps Sampling ADC Low Power 100ksps 16-Bit ADC Linear Technology Corporation COMMENTS 0.05% Max, 5ppm/°C Max 10mW Power Dissipation, Parallel/Byte Interface 55mW Power Dissipation, 72dB SINAD True 14-Bit Linearity, 81.5dB SINAD, 150mW Dissipation 0.075% Max, 10ppm/°C Max, Only 130µA Supply Current Serial I/O, 3V and 5V Versions ±2.5V Input, 90dB SINAD, 100dB THD Single 5V, ±10V Inputs 160512f LT/TP 0999 4K • PRINTED IN THE USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408)432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear-tech.com LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1999