19-1117; Rev 0; 8/96 Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator ________________________Applications Cellular Phones Cordless Phones PCS Phones PCMCIA Cards Modems Hand-Held Instruments Electronic Planners ____________________________Features ♦ Low Cost ♦ Guaranteed 250mA and 100mA Output Currents, with Current Limiting ♦ Dual Mode Operation: Fixed or Adjustable Output from +2V to +11V ♦ +2.5V to +11.5V Input Range ♦ 160mV Dropout Voltage at 200mA Output Current ♦ Low Supply Current—Even in Dropout 200µA Operating <1µA Shutdown ♦ Power-Good Indicator ♦ Reverse-Battery Protection ♦ Thermal Overload Protection ______________Ordering Information PART* TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX8862_ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO *Insert the desired suffix letter (from the table below) into the blank to complete the part number. SUFFIX FIXED OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) L 4.95 T R 3.175 2.85 __________________Pin Configuration __________Typical Operating Circuit TOP VIEW INPUT 1 2.5V TO 11.5V SHDN1 1µF SHDN2 MAX8862 OUTPUT 1 AT 250mA INPUT 2 2.5V TO 11.5V IN2 IN1 OUT1 OUT2 3.3µF 1µF OUTPUT 2 AT 100mA 2.2µF 100k PWROK1 REF2 GND SET1 SET2 GND 0.1µF IN1 1 16 N.C. SHDN1 2 15 SET1 PWROK1 3 14 OUT1 GND 4 MAX8862 13 GND GND 5 12 GND OUT2 6 11 REF2 SET2 7 10 SHDN2 N.C. 8 9 IN2 Narrow SO Dual Mode is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800 MAX8862 _______________General Description The MAX8862 low-cost, low-dropout, dual linear voltage regulator is ideal for battery-powered and portable applications. The regulators have independent supply inputs and provide 250mA and 100mA, respectively, with a full-load dropout voltage of 160mV. Both regulators use P-channel MOSFET pass transistors and maintain low quiescent current independent of load current. In dropout, the MOSFET does not suffer from excessive base currents, as do saturated PNP transistors. The MAX8862 output voltage is preset to 4.95V (L), 3.175V (T), or 2.85V (R). This device employs Dual Mode™ operation, allowing user-adjustable outputs from +2V to +11V with external resistors. The input supply-voltage range is 2.5V to 11.5V. Other features include independent shutdown, power-good indicator, short-circuit and reverse-battery protection, and thermal shutdown. The MAX8862’s regulators are ideal power supplies for the radio and the microcontroller (µC) used in digital, cordless, and PCS phones. The main regulator is optimized for superior transient and dynamic response, while the secondary regulator exhibits low-output, wideband noise. The MAX8862 comes in a 16-pin SO package with a lead frame that uses multiple GND pins as a heat sink for additional thermal dissipation. MAX8862 Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS IN1, IN2 to GND (Note 1).....................................................±12V SET1, SHDN1, PWROK1 to GND.............. -0.3V to (VIN1 + 0.3V) SET2, SHDN2, REF2 to GND ....................... -0.3V, (VIN2 + 0.3V) Output Short-Circuit Duration ............................................Infinite Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 16-Pin Narrow SO (derate 20mW/°C above +70°C) ............... 1W Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature .....................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) ............................ +300°C Note 1: Connect SHDN1 to IN1 and SHDN2 to IN2 through 20kΩ resistors to limit current flow in case a battery is reversed. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Notes 2, 3) (VIN_ = VOUT_(TYP) + 1V, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Input Voltage Range Output Voltage 0mA < IOUT1 ≤ 250mA, 0mA < IOUT2 ≤ 100mA Current Limit Dropout Voltage (Note 4) UNITS 11.5 V 4.80 4.95 5.15 MAX8862T 3.050 3.175 3.300 MAX8862R 2.75 2.85 2.95 2 VIN1 = 2.5V min, VOUT1 = 2V 250 VIN2 = 2.5V min, VOUT2 = 2V 100 11 580 IOUT2 250 200 330 µA VIN1 = VIN2 = 11.5V 0.01 1 µA IOUT1 = IOUT2 = 1mA 1.5 IOUT1 = 200mA, MAX8862L/T 160 330 IOUT2 = 100mA, MAX8862L/T 160 350 IOUT1 = 200mA, MAX8862R 165 350 IOUT2 = 100mA, MAX8862R 180 400 VIN1 = (VOUT1 (TYP) + 1V) to 11.5V 0.03 0.1 VIN2 = (VOUT2 (TYP) + 1V) to 11.5V 0.02 0.08 IOUT1 = IOUT2 = 15mA OUT2 Voltage Noise V mA mA Line Regulation Load Regulation V IOUT1 Quiescent Current Shutdown Supply Current MAX MAX8862L Output Voltage Range Maximum Output Current TYP 2.5 mV %/V IOUT1 = 0mA to 250mA, COUT1 = 3.3µF 0.015 IOUT2 = 0mA to 100mA, COUT2 = 2.2µF 0.02 COUT2 = 2.2µF ZOUT2 = 10mA 10Hz < f < 100kHz 277 10Hz < f < 1MHz 875 COUT2 = 100µF ZOUT2 = 10mA 10Hz < f < 100kHz 211 10Hz < f < 1MHz 667 %/mA µVRMS mVRMS REFERENCE REF2 Output Voltage CREF2 = 0.1µF REF2 Line Regulation VIN2 = 2.5V to 11.5V 1 mV REF2 Load Regulation IREF2 = 0µA to 10µA 6 mV 2 1.230 1.250 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1.270 V Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator (VIN_ = VOUT_(TYP) + 1V, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1.175 1.200 1.225 UNITS PWROK1 OUTPUT PWROK1 Trip Voltage Falling edge at SET1 PWROK1 Hysteresis Rising edge at SET1 PWROK1 Leakage Current VPWROK1 = 11.5V PWROK1 Low Voltage ISINK = 0.5mA SHDN_ Logic Low Shutdown mode, VIN_ = VOUT_(TYP) + 1V to 11.5V SHDN_ Logic High Active mode, VIN_ = 11.5V SHDN_ Leakage Current V SHDN_ = 11.5V SHDN 15 V mV 0.01 1 µA 25 200 mV 0.45 V 0.01 1 µA 1.25 1.28 V 0.01 0.1 µA 1.8 V SET_ INPUT SET_ Reference Voltage SET_ = OUT_, IOUT1 = IOUT2 = 15mA SET_ Input Bias Current VSET_ = 1.30V 1.23 Internal feedback SET_ Threshold 40 External feedback 250 mV THERMAL PROTECTION Thermal Shutdown Temperature 160 Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 20 °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Notes 2, 3) (VIN_ = VOUT_(TYP) + 1V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Input Voltage Range 0mA < IOUT1 ≤ 250mA, 0mA < IOUT2 ≤ 100mA Output Voltage Output Voltage Range Maximum Output Current Current Limit Dropout Voltage (Note 4) MAX UNITS 11.5 V MAX8862L 4.80 4.95 MAX8862T 3.050 3.175 3.300 MAX8862R 2.740 2.85 2.960 2 VIN1 = 2.5V min, VOUT1 = 2V 250 VIN2 = 2.5V min, VOUT2 = 2V 100 5.15 11 V V mA IOUT1 580 IOUT2 250 200 330 µA VIN1 = VIN2 = 11.5V 0.01 1 µA IOUT1 = IOUT2 = 1mA 1.5 IOUT1 = 200mA, MAX8862L/T 160 330 IOUT2 = 100mA, MAX8862L/T 160 350 IOUT1 = 200mA, MAX8862R 165 350 IOUT2 = 100mA, MAX8862R 180 400 Quiescent Current Shutdown Supply Current TYP 2.5 mA mV _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX8862 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Notes 2, 3) MAX8862 Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Notes 2, 3) (continued) (VIN_ = VOUT_(TYP) + 1V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS IOUT1 = IOUT2 = 15mA MIN TYP MAX VIN1 = (VOUT1 (TYP) + 1V) to 11.5V 0.03 0.12 VIN2 = (VOUT2 (TYP) + 1V) to 11.5V 0.02 0.10 Line Regulation Load Regulation UNITS %/V IOUT1 = 0 to 250mA, COUT1 = 3.3µF 0.015 COUT2 = 2.2µF, 10Hz < f < 1MHz, IOUT2 = 10mA 0.02 C = 2.2µF, ZOUT2 = 10mA OUT2 Voltage Noise C = 100µF, ZOUT2 = 10mA %/mA 10Hz < f < 100kHz - 277 - 10Hz < f < 1MHz - 875 - 10Hz < f < 100kHz - 211 - 10Hz < f < 1MHz - 667 - 1.217 1.250 1.277 µVRMS REFERENCE REF2 Output Voltage CREF2 = 0.1µF REF2 Line Regulation VIN2 = 2.5V to 11.5V 1 mV V REF2 Load Regulation IREF2 = 0µA to 10µA 6 mV PWROK1 OUTPUT PWROK1 Trip Voltage Falling edge at SET1 PWROK1 Hysteresis Rising edge at SET1 PWROK1 Leakage Current VPWROK1 = 11.5V PWROK1 Low Voltage ISINK = 0.5mA SHDN_ Logic Low Shutdown mode, VIN_ = VOUT_(TYP) + 1V to 11.5V SHDN_ Logic High Active mode, VIN_ = 11.5V SHDN_ Leakage Current V SHDN_ = 11.5V SHDN 1.165 1.200 1.235 15 V mV 0.01 1 µA 25 200 mV 0.45 V 0.02 1 µA 1.250 1.290 V 0.01 0.1 µA 2.0 V SET_ INPUT SET_ Reference Voltage SET_ = OUT_, IOUT1 = IOUT2 = 15mA SET_ Input Bias Current VSET_ = 1.30V SET_ Threshold 1.220 Internal feedback External feedback 30 250 mV THERMAL PROTECTION Thermal Shutdown Temperature 160 Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 10 °C Note 2: Guaranteed by design for TA = -40°C. Note 3: Guaranteed for a junction temperature (TJ) equal to the operating temperature range. E-grade parts are guaranteed by design to operate up to TJ = +125°C. For TJ above +125°C, specifications exceed the operating limits. Note 4: Dropout voltage is (VIN_ - VOUT_) when VOUT_ falls to 100mV below its nominal value at VIN_ = (VOUT_ + 1V). For example, the MAX8862 is tested by measuring the VOUT_ at (VIN_ = 5.95V for the MAX8862L, VIN_ = 4.175V for the MAX8862T, and VIN_ = 3.85V for the MAX8862R) then VIN_ is lowered until VOUT_ falls 100mV below the measured value. 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator 200 VIN1 = VIN2 = 7V 180 160 140 IQ2 100 IQ1 90 120 100 80 VIN1 = VIN2 = 12V 60 40 20 VIN1 = VIN2 = 7V 0 40 60 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 80 OUT1 3.24 OUT2 3.23 3.22 3.21 100 20 80 40 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 VOUT2 98 97 20 40 60 80 100 4 260 VOUT1/VOUT2 240 3 220 200 (IQ1 + IQ2) 2 180 160 1 140 120 10 1 0.1 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 100 1000 2 3 4 525 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 12 OVERSHOOT AND TIME EXITING SHUTDOWN MODE MAX8862TOC14 MAX8862TOC07 600 100 0 0.01 DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) 0 96 95 0.001 3.20 0 VOUT1 99 -20 MAX8862T OUTPUT VOLTAGE & QUIESCENT CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX8862TOC04 3.26 -20 1000 TEMPERATURE (°C) 101 NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE (%) MAX8862TOC06 3.27 -40 100 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE 3.25 10 1 0.1 LOAD CURRENT (mA) QUIESCENT CURRENT (µA) -20 0 -40 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) -40 80 0.001 0.01 MAX8862TOC05 100 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) MAX8862 TOC01 MAX8862 TOC03 110 120 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (nA) 220 120 QUIESCENT CURRENT (µA) QUIESCENT CURRENT (µA) VIN1 = VIN2 = 12V MAX8862 TOC02 260 240 SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE QUIESCENT CURRENT vs. LOAD CURRENT QUIESCENT CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 450 OUT2 1V/div A 375 0V 300 1V/div 225 OUT1 150 B 75 0V 0 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 20µs/div VIN1 = 5.3V, IOUT1 = 5mA A = SHDN1, 0.8V TO 2.4V, 1V/div B = OUT1, 1V/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX8862 __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (VIN1 = VIN2 = 5.3V, CIN1 = CIN2 = 1µF, COUT1 = 3.3µF, COUT2 = 2.2µF, SHDN1 = IN1, SHDN2 = IN2. TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX8862 Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator ____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN1 = VIN2 = 5.3V, CIN1 = CIN2 = 1µF, COUT1 = 3.3µF, COUT2 = 2.2µF, SHDN1 = IN1, SHDN2 = IN2. TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) OUT2 NOISE AND RIPPLE OUT1 NOISE AND RIPPLE MAX8862TOC08 MAX8862TOC09 VOUT 500µV/div VOUT 1mV/div 5µs/div 5µs/div IOUT2 = 100mA, AC COUPLED IOUT1 = 250mA, AC COUPLED OUT2 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE OUT1 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX8862TOC11 MAX8862TOC10 300mA 200mA A 0mA 0mA A B 50mV/div 50mV/div B 2ms/div 2ms/div VIN2 = 7V, VOUT2 = 3.2V A = LOAD CURRENT, 0mA TO 200mA, 0.2A/div B = VOUT2 RIPPLE, 50mV/div, AC COUPLED VIN1 = 7V, VOUT1 = 3.2V A = LOAD CURRENT, 0mA TO 300mA, 0.2A/div B = VOUT1 RIPPLE, 50mV/div, AC COUPLED OUT1 LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE OUT2 LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX8862TOC13 MAX8862TOC12 6.5V 6.5V A A 5.5V B 50mV/div 1ms/div IOUT2 = 200mA, VOUT2 = 3.2V A = VIN2, 5.5V TO 6.5V, 1V/div B = VOUT2 RIPPLE, 50mV/div, AC COUPLED 6 5.5V 50mV/div B 1ms/div IOUT1 = 300mA, VOUT1 = 3.2V A = VIN1 = 5.5V TO 6.5V, 1V/div B = VOUT1 RIPPLE, 50mV/div, AC COUPLED _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator PIN NAME 1 IN1 FUNCTION 2 SHDN1 3 PWROK1 4, 5, 12, 13 GND Ground. Connect to a ground plane to maximize thermal dissipation. 6 OUT2 Secondary Regulator Output. Bypass with a 2.2µF low-ESR (< 0.5Ω) capacitor to GND. To improve load-transient response and noise performance, use a higher-value, lower-ESR capacitor. 7 SET2 OUT2 Voltage-Set Input. Connect to GND for the factory-preset output voltage. Connect to a resistive divider from OUT2 to GND for adjustable output voltage. 8, 16 N.C. No connect. There is no internal connection to this pin. 9 IN2 Secondary Regulator Supply Input (2.5V to 11.5V). Bypass with a 1µF, low-ESR capacitor to GND. 10 SHDN2 Secondary Regulator Shutdown Input. A logic-low input turns off the secondary regulator and the reference. 11 REF2 Secondary Reference Output. Bypass with a 0.1µF capacitor to GND. 14 OUT1 Main Regulator Output. Bypass with a 3.3µF, low-ESR (< 0.5Ω) capacitor to GND. To improve loadtransient response and noise performance, use a higher-value, lower-ESR capacitor. 15 SET1 OUT1 Voltage Set Input. Connect to GND for the factory-preset output voltage. Connect to a resistive divider from OUT1 to GND for adjustable output voltage. Main Regulator Supply Input (2.5V to 11.5V). Bypass with a 1µF, low-ESR capacitor to GND. Main Regulator Shutdown Input. A logic low turns off the main regulator and power-good comparator. Power-Good Output. This open-drain output is low when VOUT1 is out of regulation (VOUT1 is 4% lower than its nominal value). _______________Detailed Description The MAX8862 features Dual Mode™ operation, allowing a fixed output of 4.95V (L), 3.175V (T), or 2.85V (R), or an adjustable output from 2V to 11V. The regulator’s outputs, OUT1 and OUT2, supply 250mA and 100mA, respectively. The block diagram (Figure 1) shows the contents of each regulator. Note that the main regulator provides a power-good indicator, and the secondary regulator’s reference output voltage is available at REF2. The 1.25V bandgap reference is connected to the error amplifier’s inverting input. The error amplifier compares this reference with the selected feedback voltage and amplifies the difference. The MOSFET driver reads the error signal and applies the appropriate drive to the P-channel transistor. If the feedback voltage is lower than the reference, the pass transistor’s gate is pulled lower, allowing more current to pass and increase the output voltage. If the feedback voltage is too high, the pass transistor’s gate is pulled up, allowing less current to pass to the output. The output voltage is fed back through either an internal resistor voltage divider connected to OUT1/ OUT2, or an external resistor network connected to SET1/SET2. The Dual Mode comparator examines VSET1/VSET2 and selects the feedback path. If this voltage is below 40mV, internal feedback is used and the output voltage is regulated to the factory-preset voltage. Internal P-Channel Pass Transistor The MAX8862’s P-channel pass transistor provides several advantages over similar designs using PNP pass transistors, including longer battery life. The P-channel MOSFET requires no continuous base current, thereby reducing quiescent current considerably. PNP regulators normally waste a considerable amount of current in dropout when the pass transistor saturates; they also use high base-drive currents under large loads. The MAX8862 does not suffer from these problems: it consumes only 200µA of quiescent current for both regulators under light and heavy loads, as well as in dropout. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX8862 ______________________________________________________________Pin Description MAX8862 Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator OUT1 1N1 R1 PWROK1 50mV BIAS SHDN1 G1 SET1 1.25V GND R2 80mV GND IN2 OUT R3 MAX8862 BIAS SHDN2 G1 REF2 SET2 1.25V R4 GND 80mV GND Figure 1. Functional Diagram Output Voltage Selection Power-Good Comparator The MAX8862’s Dual Mode operation allows a fixed or adjustable output voltage. In preset/internal-feedback mode (SET1/SET2 = GND), output voltages are factory preset to 4.95V (L), 3.175V (T), or 2.85V (R). In adjustable/external feedback mode, output voltage is adjusted between 2V and 11V with two external resistors connected as a voltage divider to SET1/SET2 (Figure 2). Since the input bias current at SET1/SET2 is <0.1µA, large resistance values can be used for R1 and R2 to minimize power consumption without losing accuracy. Select R2 in the 10kΩ to 400kΩ range. R1 is given by: R1 = R2 (VOUT / VSET - 1) where VSET = 1.25V. The MAX8862’s main regulator features a power-good indicator that asserts when the output voltage falls out of regulation. In internal-feedback mode, the opendrain PWROK1 output goes low when OUT1 falls 4% below its nominal value. When used in external feedback mode, PWROK1 goes low when VSET1 falls below 1.2V. A 100kΩ pull-up resistor from PWROK1 to VIN1 provides a logic-control signal. This resistor also minimizes current flow to the input in case the battery is reversed. PWROK1 can be used to reset a microcontroller or to drive an external LED for indicating a power failure. 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator MAX8862 OUT_ OUTPUT R1 SET_ R2 GND Reverse-Battery Protection Figure 2. Adjustable Output Voltage Reference The MAX8862 provides a precision 1.25V reference at REF2. Bypass REF2 with a 0.1µF capacitor to ground. Larger bypassing capacitors will further reduce the secondary regulator’s wideband noise. Shutdown The MAX8862’s regulators have individual shutdown controls. A logic low on either SHDN1 or SHDN2 turns off the corresponding internal reference, error comparator, and pass transistors’ control logic, reducing quiescent current to less than 1µA. This feature protects the MAX8862 against polarity reversal at the supply inputs. The inputs can handle negative voltages up to -12V without suffering any ill effects. When the input polarity is reversed, the output will be at the same potential as ground, and no current will flow from the output back to the input. This feature protects both the device and the supply-voltage source. The reverse currents that flow back to the input are due to RPWROK1 , RSHDN1, and RSHDN2. These currents are approximately: IREV1 = |VIN1| / (RSHDN1 + RPWROK1) and IREV2 = |VIN2| / RSHDN2. When operating the MAX8862 in continuous mode (VSHDN1 = VIN1 and VSHDN2 = VIN2) place a resistor (>20kΩ) between shutdown and supply inputs to limit the current flow in case the battery is reversed. Current Limiting The MAX8862 features a current limit for each regulator. It monitors and controls the pass transistor’s gate voltage, limiting the output current to 580mA for the main regulator and 250mA for the secondary regulator. The current limits apply to all input and output voltage conditions. The outputs can be shorted to ground for an indefinite period of time if the package can dissipate (VIN1 x ILIM1 + VIN2 x ILIM2) without exceeding TJ = +150°C (see the Power Dissipation and Operating Region section). _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX8862 Thermal Overload Protection Thermal overload protection limits the MAX8862’s total power dissipation. When the junction temperature exceeds TJ = +160°C, the thermal sensor sends a signal to the shutdown logic, turning off the pass transistors and allowing the device to cool down. The thermal sensor turns the pass transistors on again after the IC’s junction temperature decreases by 20°C. If the thermal overload condition persists, OUT1 and OUT2 pulse on and off. Thermal overload protection is designed to protect the MAX8862 during fault conditions. For continuous operation, the absolute maximum junction temperature rating of TJ = +150°C should not be exceeded. MAX8862 Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator MAX8862 FIG03 100 R0BA(°C/W) 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 35 30 PC-BOARD COPPER FOIL AREA (Cm2) 400 MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) (IOUT1 + IOUT2) MAXIMUM CURRENT 350 (L) MAX8862FGIG04 Figure 3. Typical Copper Thermal Resistance vs. Copper Ground Pad Area pins to ground using a large pad or ground plane. Where this is impossible, place a copper plane on an adjacent layer. For a given power dissipation, the pad should exceed the associated dimensions in Figure 3. This figure shows a typical thermal resistance for a 35µm-thick copper foil as a function of its area1. The power dissipation across the device is given by: P = IOUT1 (VIN1 - VOUT1) + IOUT2 (VIN2 - VOUT2). The resulting power dissipation is as follows: P = (TJ - TA) / (θJB + θBA) where (TJ - TA) is the temperature difference between the MAX8862 die junction and the surrounding air, θJB (or θJC) is the thermal resistance of the package, and θBA is the thermal resistance through the printed circuit board, copper traces, and other materials to the surrounding air. The MAX8862’s narrow SO package has a thermal resistance of θJB = +50°C/W. The MAX8862 regulators deliver the rated output currents and operate with input voltages up to 11.5V, but not simultaneously. High output currents can only be sustained when input-output differential voltages are small, as shown in Figure 4. (T) 300 (R) 250 (R) (T) 200 150 (L) MAXIMUM SUPPLY VOLTAGE 100 OPERATING REGION AT TA = +25°C, TJ = +125°C 50 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 4. Safe Operating Regions: Main and Secondary Regulators Maximum Output Current vs. Supply Voltage __________Applications Information Power Dissipation and Operating Region The MAX8862’s maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the case and circuit board, the temperature difference between the die junction and ambient air, and the rate of air flow. The GND pins of the MAX8862 SO package perform the dual function of providing an electrical connection to ground and channeling heat away. Connect all GND Capacitor Selection and Regulator Stability Filter capacitors are required at the MAX8862’s inputs and outputs. 1µF ceramic capacitors are required at the inputs. The minimum output capacitance required for stability is 3.3µF for OUT1 and 2.2µF for OUT2. The capacitor values depend primarily on the desired power-up time and load-transient response. Loadtransient response is improved by using larger capacitor values. Input and output filter capacitors should be soldered directly to pins to minimize lead inductance of PC board traces. The output capacitor’s equivalent series resistance (ESR) affects stability and output noise. Surface-mount ceramic capacitors have a very low ESR and are available up to 10µF. Otherwise, other low-ESR (<0.5Ω) capacitors should be used. If the selected capacitor’s ESR is higher than the recommended value, the capacitor value should be increased proportionally to maintain minimum output noise under all input voltage and output load conditions. Paralleling two or more capacitors also results in lower ESR. 1This graph was generated by Mr. Kieran O’Malley of Cherry Semiconductor Corp. and was published in the October 26, 1995, issue of EDN magazine. 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator 50 OUT1 ∆VIN1 = 1Vp-p CIN1 = 1µF IOUT1 = 100mA 60 55 40 MAX8862FIG05B MAX8862FIG05A A B C 70 65 PSRR (dB) PSRR (dB) 60 OUT1 ∆VIN1 = 1Vp-p CIN1 = 1µF COUT1 = 3.3µF MAX8862 70 A 50 B 45 40 35 30 A: IOUT1 = 1mA B: IOUT1 = 10mA C: IOUT1 = 100mA 30 25 20 20 0.01 0.1 1 10 A: COUT1 = 100µF B: COUT1 = 10µF 0.1 100 1 10 100 1000 FREQUENCY (kHz) FREQUENCY (kHz) Figure 5a. Power-Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Ripple Frequency for Light and Heavy Loads Figure 5b. Power-Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Ripple Frequency for Various Output Capacitors Noise Overshoot and Transient Considerations The MAX8862’s OUT1 exhibits about 2.5mVp-p, and OUT2 exhibits 1mVp-p of noise under full-load conditions. When using the MAX8862 for applications that include analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with resolutions greater than 12 bits, consider the ADC’s powersupply-rejection specifications. The Typical Operating Characteristics section shows power-up, line, and load-transient response graphs. Typical transients for step changes in the load current from 0mA to 300mA are 100mVp-p. During recovery from shutdown, overshoot is minimized by the 1µF input, and output capacitors (3.3µF for OUT1, and 2.2µF for OUT2). PSRR and Operation from Sources Other than Batteries The MAX8862 is designed to achieve low dropout voltages and low quiescent currents in battery-powered systems. However, to gain these benefits; the device must trade away power-supply noise rejection, as well as swift response to supply variations and load transients. For a 1mA load current, power-supply rejection typically changes from 58dB to 43dB when the input frequency is changed from 1Hz to 10kHz. At higher frequencies, the circuit depends primarily on the output capacitor’s characteristics, and the PSRR increases (Figure 5). When operating from sources other than batteries, supply-noise rejection and transient response can be improved by increasing the value of the input and output capacitors and employing passive filtering techniques. Do not use power supplies with ripple voltages exceeding 200mV at 100kHz. Input-Output (Dropout) Voltage A regulator’s minimum input-to-output voltage differential (or dropout voltage) determines the lowest usable supply voltage. In battery-powered systems, this determines the useful end-of-life battery voltage. Since P-channel MOSFETs are used as pass transistors, the dropout voltage is the product of the RDS(ON) and the load current (see the Electrical Characteristics). ___________________Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 457 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX8862 Low-Cost, Low-Dropout, Dual Linear Regulator ________________________________________________________Package Information DIM D 0°-8° A 0.101mm 0.004in. e B A1 E C L Narrow SO SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE (0.150 in.) H A A1 B C E e H L INCHES MAX MIN 0.069 0.053 0.010 0.004 0.019 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.157 0.150 0.050 0.244 0.228 0.050 0.016 DIM PINS D D D 8 14 16 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.49 0.19 0.25 3.80 4.00 1.27 5.80 6.20 0.40 1.27 INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX 0.189 0.197 4.80 5.00 0.337 0.344 8.55 8.75 0.386 0.394 9.80 10.00 21-0041A Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 12 __________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600 © 1996 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.