FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Fully regulated adjustable output voltage High output current: 120 mA Output accuracy: ±3% 250 kHz switching frequency Low shutdown current: 2 µA typical Input voltage range: 3 V to 6 V 8-Lead SOIC package −40°C to +85°C ambient temperature range CP+ CP– 1 3 DNS SPD VIN 8 S1 S3 B ADP3605 SND DNS S2 OSC CLOCK GEN SD 4 FEEDBACK CONTROL LOOP APPLICATIONS Voltage inverters Voltage regulators Computer peripherals and add-on cards Portable instruments Battery powered devices Pagers and radio control receivers Disk drives Mobile phones 7 VOUT 5 VSENSE S4 11135-001 Data Sheet 120 mA Switched Capacitor Voltage Inverter with Regulated Output ADP3605 2 GND Figure 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Pin-for-pin and functionally compatible with the ADP3604, the internal oscillator of the ADP3605 runs at a 500 kHz nominal frequency that produces an output switching frequency of 250 kHz. This allows for the use of smaller charge pump and filter capacitors. The ADP3605 provides an accuracy of ±3% with a typical shutdown current of 2 µA. It can also operate from a single positive input voltage as low as 3 V. The ADP3605 is adjustable via external resistors over a −3 V to −6 V range. Rev. B VIN 8 VIN *CIN + 4.7µF VOUT 7 1 CP+ *CP + 4.7µF + ADP3605 R1 19kΩ 3 CP– 4 SD OFF ON 0 –3.0V *CO 4.7µF VSENSE 5 GND 2 *FOR BEST PERFORMANCE, 10µF IS RECOMMENDED CP: SPRAGUE, 293D475X0010B2W CIN, CO: TOKIN, 1E475ZY5UC205F 11135-002 The ADP3605 is a 120 mA regulated output, switched capacitor voltage inverter. It provides a regulated output voltage with minimum voltage loss and requires a minimum number of external components. In addition, the ADP3605 does not require the use of an inductor. Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit Document Feedback Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 ©1998–2012 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Technical Support www.analog.com ADP3605 Data Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Capacitor Selection .......................................................................9 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Input Capacitor..............................................................................9 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Output Capacitor ..........................................................................9 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Pump Capacitor.......................................................................... 10 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Shutdown Mode ......................................................................... 10 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Power Dissipation ...................................................................... 10 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 4 General Board Layout Guidelines............................................ 10 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 4 ADP3605 Regulated Adjustable Output Voltage ................... 10 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 5 Regulated Dual Supply System ................................................. 11 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 12 Theory of Operation ........................................................................ 8 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 12 Applications Information ................................................................ 9 REVISION HISTORY 12/12—Rev. A to Rev. B Updated Format .................................................................. Universal Deleted 14-Lead TSSOP .................................................... Universal Changes to Features Section, General Description Section, and Figure 2 .............................................................................................. 1 Changes to Table Summary Text Prior to Table 1 and Table 1 ... 3 Changes to Table 2 ............................................................................ 4 Deleted Other Members of ADP36xx Family Table I; Renumbered Sequentially................................................................ 4 Deleted Figure 4; Renumbered Sequentially................................. 4 Deleted Improved Load Regulation Section ................................. 6 Deleted Maximum Output Voltage Section and Figure 15 ......... 7 Changes to Figure 10 Caption......................................................... 7 Changes to Power Dissipation Section, Regulated Adjustable Output Voltage Section, and Figure 17 ........................................ 10 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 12 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 12 7/99—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Rev. B | Page 2 of 12 Data Sheet ADP3605 SPECIFICATIONS VIN = 5.0 V at TA = 25°C, CP = CO = 4.7 µF, unless otherwise noted. The CIN, CO, and CP capacitors in the typical application circuit (see Figure 2) are 4.7 µF. See Figure 2 conditions. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. Table 1. Parameter OPERATING SUPPLY RANGE SUPPLY CURRENT Shutdown Mode OUTPUT RESISTANCE Open Loop OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE Symbol VS IS SWITCHING FREQUENCY SHUTDOWN Logic Input High Input Current Logic Input Low Input Current fS RO VRIPPLE Test Conditions/Comments Min 3 Typ −40°C < TA < +85°C VSD = VIN, −40°C < TA < +85°C 3 2 CIN = CO = 4.7 µF, ILOAD = 60 mA ILOAD = 120 mA VIN = 5 V, −40°C < TA < +85°C 9 38 75 250 VIH IIH VIL IIL 212 Max 6 6 15 Unit V mA µA 288 Ω mV mV kHz 2.4 1 0.4 1 Rev. B | Page 3 of 12 V µA V µA ADP3605 Data Sheet ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter Input Voltage (VIN to GND, GND to VOUT) Input Voltage (VIN to VOUT) Output Short-Circuit Protection Power Dissipation, 8-Lead SOIC θJA 1 Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) Vapor Phase (60 sec) Infrared (15 sec) 1 Rating 7.5 V 11 V 1 sec 660 mW 150°C/W –40°C to +85°C –65°C to +150°C 300°C 215°C 220°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION θJA is specified for the worst-case conditions with the device soldered on a circuit board. Table 3. Alternative Capacitor Technologies Type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Solid Tantalum Capacitor OS-CON Capacitor 1 Life Fair Long Above average Above average High Frequency Fair Good Average Good Temperature Fair Poor Average Good Refer to capacitor manufacturer's data sheet for operation below 0°C. Table 4. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers Manufacturer Sprague Sprague Nichicon Mallory TOKIN Murata Capacitor 672D, 673D, 674D, 678D 675D, 173D, 199D PF and PL TDC and TDL MLCC GRM Capacitor Type Aluminum electrolytic Tantalum Aluminum electrolytic Tantalum Multilayer ceramic Multilayer ceramic Rev. B | Page 4 of 12 Size Small Fair 1 Average Good Cost Low High Average Average Data Sheet ADP3605 CP+ 1 GND 2 CP– 3 SD ADP3605 TOP VIEW 4 (Not to Scale) 8 VIN 7 VOUT 6 NC 5 VSENSE NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THIS PIN. 11135-003 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Figure 3. Pin Configuration Table 5. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 2 3 4 Mnemonic CP+ GND CP− SD 5 6 7 VSENSE NC VOUT 8 VIN Description Positive Terminal for the Pump Capacitor. Device Ground. Negative Terminal for the Pump Capacitor. Logic Level Shutdown Pin. Apply logic high or connect to VIN to shut down the device. In shutdown mode, the charge pump is turned off, and the quiescent current is reduced to 2 µA (typical). Apply a logic low or connect to ground for normal operation. Output Voltage Sense Line. Connect a resistor between this pin and VOUT to set the desired output voltage. No Connect. Do not connect to this pin. Regulated Negative Output Voltage. Connect a low ESR, 4.7 µF or larger, capacitor between this pin and the device ground. Positive Supply Input Voltage. Connect a low ESR bypass capacitor between this pin and the device ground to minimize supply transients. Rev. B | Page 5 of 12 ADP3605 Data Sheet TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 140 270 INPUT CURRENT (mA) 260 100 80 60 40 250 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.5 0 10 6.0 11135-007 20 11135-004 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) 120 30 50 70 90 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 110 130 Figure 7. Average Input Current vs. Output Current Figure 4. Oscillator Frequency vs. Supply Voltage 4.5 –2.5 3.0 VIN = 5V –2.6 2.5 3.0 1.5 NORMAL MODE (VSD = 0V) 1.0 0.5 0 –15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 –3.0 –3.1 11135-005 1.5 –40 –2.9 –3.2 0 85 80 120 160 200 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 240 280 Figure 8. Output Voltage vs. Load Current, VOUT = −3.0 V Figure 5. Supply Current vs. Temperature 3.5 300 7 3.0 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) IN NORMAL MODE 260 240 2.5 5 2.0 4 1.5 3 1.0 2 220 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 SHUTDOWN MODE (VSD = VIN) 0.5 11135-006 –15 6 NORMAL MODE (VSD = 0V) 280 200 –40 40 1 0 0 3 85 4 5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 9. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage Figure 6. Oscillator Frequency vs. Temperature Rev. B | Page 6 of 12 6 11135-009 2.0 –2.8 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) IN SHUTDOWN MODE 2.5 VIN = 3V VIN = 3.5V VIN = 4.75V VIN = 5V VIN = 6V –2.7 11135-008 2.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) IN SHUTDOWN MODE SHUTDOWN MODE (VSD = VIN) OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) IN NORMAL MODE 4.0 A1 –0.70V 2ms 11135-011 ADP3605 11135-010 Data Sheet A2 1V Figure 10. Start-Up Under Full Load 3.9V 2ms 1V Figure 11. Enable/Disable Time Under Full Load Rev. B | Page 7 of 12 ADP3605 Data Sheet THEORY OF OPERATION S1 VIN S1 S2 + S2 S3 + S3 CP CP S4 VOUT CO S4 VOUT CO Figure 13. ADP3605 Switch Configuration Charging the Output Capacitor 11135-012 VIN During phase one, S1 and S2 are on, charging the pump capacitor to the input voltage. Before the next phase begins, S1 and S2 are turned off as well as S3 and S4 to prevent any overlap. S3 and S4 are turned on during the second phase (see Figure 13), and the charge stored in the pump capacitor is transferred to the output capacitor. 11135-013 The ADP3605 uses a switched capacitor principle to generate a negative voltage from a positive input voltage. An onboard oscillator generates a 2-phase clock to control a switching network that transfers charge between the storage capacitors. The switches turn on and off at a 250 kHz rate, which is generated from an internal 500 kHz oscillator. The basic principle behind the voltage inversion scheme is illustrated in Figure 12 and Figure 13. Figure 12. ADP3605 Switch Configuration Charging the Pump Capacitor During the second phase, the positive terminal of the pump capacitor is connected to ground through the variable resistance switch (S3), and the negative terminal is connected to the output, resulting in a voltage inversion at the output terminal. Figure 1 shows the ADP3605 block diagram. Rev. B | Page 8 of 12 Data Sheet ADP3605 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CAPACITOR SELECTION INPUT CAPACITOR The high internal oscillator frequency of the ADP3605 permits the use of small capacitors for both the pump and the output capacitors. For a given load current, factors affecting the output voltage performance are the following: A small 1 µF input bypass capacitor, preferably with low ESR, such as tantalum or multilayer ceramic, is recommended to reduce noise and supply transients and to supply part of the peak input current drawn by the ADP3605. A large capacitor is recommended if the input supply is connected to the ADP3605 through long leads, or if the pulse current drawn by the device may affect other circuitry through supply coupling. Pump (CP) and output (CO) capacitance ESR of the CP and CO When selecting the capacitors, keep in mind that not all manufacturers guarantee capacitor ESR in the range required by the circuit. In general, the ESR of the capacitor is inversely proportional to its physical size; therefore, larger capacitance values and higher voltage ratings tend to reduce ESR. Because the ESR is also a function of the operating frequency, when selecting a capacitor, ensure that its value is rated at the operating frequency of the circuit. Temperature is another factor affecting capacitor performance. Figure 14 illustrates the temperature effect on various capacitors. If the circuit has to operate at temperatures significantly different from 25°C, the capacitance and the ESR values must be carefully selected to adequately compensate for the change. Various capacitor technologies offer improved performance over temperature; for example, certain tantalum capacitors provide good low temperature ESR; however, at a higher cost. Table 3 provides the ratings for different types of capacitor technologies to help the designer select the right capacitors for the application. The exact values of CIN and CO are not critical. However, low ESR capacitors, such as solid tantalum and multilayer ceramic capacitors, are recommended to minimize voltage loss at high currents. Table 4 shows a partial list of the recommended low ESR capacitor manufacturers. OUTPUT CAPACITOR The output capacitor (CO) is alternately charged to the CP voltage when CP is switched in parallel with CO. The ESR of CO introduces steps in the VOUT waveform whenever the charge pump charges CO, which contributes to VOUT ripple. Thus, ceramic or tantalum capacitors are recommended for CO to minimize ripple on the output. Figure 15 illustrates the output ripple voltage effect for various capacitance and ESR values. Note that as the capacitor value increases beyond the point where the dominant contribution to the output ripple is due to the ESR, no significant reduction in VOUT ripple is achieved by added capacitance. Because output current is supplied solely by the output capacitor, CO, during one-half of the charge pump cycle, peak-to-peak output ripple voltage is calculated by V RIPPLE = IL + 2 × I L × ES RCO 2 × f S × CO where: IL = load current fS = 250 kHz nominal switching frequency CO = 10 µF with an ESR of 0.15 Ω VRIPPLE = 10 120 mA 2 × 250 kHz × 10 μ F + 2 × 120 mA × 0.15 = 60 mV Multiple smaller capacitors can be connected in parallel to yield lower ESR and lower cost. For lighter loads, proportionally smaller capacitors are required. To reduce high frequency noise, bypass the output with a 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor in parallel with the output capacitor. ALUMINUM 1 ESR (Ω) CERAMIC 100 ADP3605 –3.0V OUTPUT TANTALUM 0.1 ORGANIC SEMIC OUTPUT RIPPLE (mV) 11135-014 0.01 –50 80 0 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 Figure 14. ESR vs. Temperature 60 150mΩ 40 100mΩ 20 50mΩ 11135-015 • • 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 CAPACITANCE (µF) 120 140 Figure 15. Output Ripple Voltage vs. Capacitance and ESR Rev. B | Page 9 of 12 160 ADP3605 Data Sheet PUMP CAPACITOR The ADP3605 alternately charges CP to the input voltage when CP is switched in parallel with the input supply, and then transfers charge to CO when CP is switched in parallel with CO. During the time CP is charging, the peak current is approximately two times the output current. During the time CP is delivering charge to CO, the supply current drops down to about 3 mA. A low ESR capacitor has a much greater impact on performance for CP than CO because current through CP is twice the CO current. Therefore, the voltage drop due to CP is about four times the ESR of CP times the load current. While the ESR of CO affects the output ripple voltage, the voltage drop generated by the ESR of CP, combined with the voltage drop due to the output source resistance, determines the maximum available VOUT. SHUTDOWN MODE ADP3605 REGULATED ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE The regulated output voltage is programmed by a resistor that is inserted between the VSENSE and VOUT pins, as illustrated in Figure 16. The inherent limit of the output voltage of a single inverting charge pump stage is −1 times the input voltage. The inverse (that is, negative) scaling factor of 1.00 is reduced somewhat due to losses that increase with output current. To increase the scaling factor to attain a more negative output voltage, an external pump stage can be added with passive components, as is shown in Figure 17. This single stage increases the inverse scaling factor to a limit of two, although the diode drops limits the ability to attain that exact 2.00 scaling factor noticeably. Even further increases can be achieved with additional external pump stages. –5 The output of the ADP3605 can be disabled by pulling the SD pin (Pin 4) high to a TTL/CMOS logic compatible level that stops the internal oscillator. In shutdown mode, the quiescent current is reduced to 2 µA (typical). Applying a digital low level or tying the SD pin to ground turns on the output. If the shutdown feature is not used, Pin 4 must be tied to the ground pin. VOUT (V) R = 29kΩ POWER DISSIPATION –4 R = 24kΩ VIN = 5.0V 8 The power dissipation of the ADP3605 circuit must be limited such that the junction temperature of the device does not exceed the maximum junction temperature rating. Total power dissipation is calculated as 7 ADP3605 R 1 5 4 11135-016 3 2 –3 0 P = (VIN − |VOUT|) IOUT + (VIN) IS 20 40 60 80 LOAD CURRENT (mA) ADP3605 VIN = 5V CIN 4.7µF 8 VIN + CP + 4.7µF P ≈ (6 V − |−2.9 V|) 0.12 + (6 V) 0.005 A = 402 mW VOUT 7 VSENSE 5 • • CO + 4.7µF 3 CP– SD GND 4 2 D1 1N5817 + C1 4.7µF GENERAL BOARD LAYOUT GUIDELINES Use adequate ground and power traces or planes Use single point ground for device ground and input and output capacitor grounds Keep external components as close to the device as possible Use short traces from the input and output capacitors to the input and output pins, respectively R1 44.2kΩ 1 CP+ This is far below the 660 mW power dissipation capability of the ADP3605. • • 120 Figure 16. Adjustable Regulated Output Voltage For example, assuming worst-case conditions, VIN = 6 V, VOUT = −2.9 V, IOUT = 120 mA, and IS = 5 mA. Calculated device power dissipation is Because the internal switches of the ADP3605 turn on and off very fast, good printed circuit board (PCB) layout practices are critical to ensure optimal operation of the device. Improper layouts results in poor load regulation, especially under heavy loads. Output performance can be improved by following these simple layout guidelines: 100 D2 1N5817 + 10µF 11135-017 where: IOUT and IS are output current and supply current, respectively. VIN and VOUT are input and output voltages, respectively. VOUT Figure 17. Regulated −7 V from a 5 V Input High accuracy on the adjustable output voltage is achieved with the use of precision trimmed internal resistors, which eliminate the need to trim the external resistor or add a second resistor to form a divider. The adjustable output voltage is set by VOUT = 1.5 R 9.5 kΩ where VOUT is in volts and R is in kΩ. Rev. B | Page 10 of 12 Data Sheet ADP3605 REGULATED DUAL SUPPLY SYSTEM The circuit in Figure 18 provides regulated positive and negative voltages for systems that require dual supplies from a single battery or power supply. 1N5817 ADP3607-5 2 VIN +5V VOUT 8 CO1 10µF 10µF CP1 + 10µF 1 CP+ 3 CP– VSENSE 5 SD GND 4 2 ADP3605 8 CP2 + 10µF VIN VOUT 7 1 CP+ 3 C P– –2.6V R1 16.5kΩ 1% CO2 + 10µF VSENSE 5 SD GND 4 2 11135-018 VIN = +3.3V Figure 18. Dual Supply System Rev. B | Page 11 of 12 ADP3605 Data Sheet OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 5.00 (0.1968) 4.80 (0.1890) 1 5 6.20 (0.2441) 5.80 (0.2284) 4 1.27 (0.0500) BSC 0.25 (0.0098) 0.10 (0.0040) COPLANARITY 0.10 SEATING PLANE 1.75 (0.0688) 1.35 (0.0532) 0.51 (0.0201) 0.31 (0.0122) 0.50 (0.0196) 0.25 (0.0099) 45° 8° 0° 0.25 (0.0098) 0.17 (0.0067) 1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157) COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-012-AA CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. 012407-A 8 4.00 (0.1574) 3.80 (0.1497) Figure 19. 8-LeadStandard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] (R-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches) ORDERING GUIDE Model 1 ADP3605ARZ ADP3605ARZ-R7 1 Output Voltage Adjustable Adjustable Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C Package Description 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N], Tube 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N], 7” Tape and Reel Z = RoHS Compliant Part. ©1998–2012 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D11135-0-12/12(B) Rev. B | Page 12 of 12 Package Option R-8 R-8