INA138 INA168 SBOS122C – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2005 High-Side Measurement CURRENT SHUNT MONITOR FEATURES DESCRIPTION ● COMPLETE UNIPOLAR HIGH-SIDE CURRENT MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT ● WIDE SUPPLY AND COMMON-MODE RANGE ● INA138: 2.7V to 36V ● INA168: 2.7V to 60V ● INDEPENDENT SUPPLY AND INPUT COMMONMODE VOLTAGES ● SINGLE RESISTOR GAIN SET ● LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (25µA typ) ● WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE: –40°C to +125°C ● SOT23-5 PACKAGE The INA138 and INA168 are high-side, unipolar, current shunt monitors. Wide input common-mode voltage range, low quiescent current, and tiny SOT23 packaging enable use in a variety of applications. Input common-mode and power-supply voltages are independent and can range from 2.7V to 36V for the INA138 and 2.7V to 60V for the INA168. Quiescent current is only 25µA, which permits connecting the power supply to either side of the current measurement shunt with minimal error. The device converts a differential input voltage to a current output. This current is converted back to a voltage with an external load resistor that sets any gain from 1 to over 100. Although designed for current shunt measurement, the circuit invites creative applications in measurement and level shifting. APPLICATIONS Both the INA138 and INA168 are available in SOT23-5 and are specified for the –40°C to +125°C temperature range. ● CURRENT SHUNT MEASUREMENT: Automotive, Telephone, Computers ● PORTABLE AND BATTERY-BACKUP SYSTEMS ● BATTERY CHARGERS ● POWER MANAGEMENT ● CELL PHONES ● PRECISION CURRENT SOURCE IS RS VIN+ Up To 60V 4 3 VIN+ VIN– 5kΩ Load 5kΩ V+ 5 OUT GND 2 VO = ISRSRL/5kΩ 1 RL Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Copyright © 1999-2005 Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. www.ti.com PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION(1) SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE MARKING ORDERING NUMBER TRANSPORT MEDIA, QUANTITY INA138NA/250 INA138NA/3K Tape and Reel, 250 Tape and Reel, 3000 INA168NA/250 INA168NA/3K Tape and Reel, 250 Tape and Reel, 3000 PRODUCT PACKAGE-LEAD PACKAGE DESIGNATOR INA138 SOT23-5 Surface-Mount DBV –40°C to +125°C B38 " " " " " INA168 SOT23-5 Surface-Mount DBV –40°C to +125°C A68 " " " " " NOTE: (1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI website at www.ti.com. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1) Supply Voltage, V+ INA138 ............................................................................... –0.3V to 60V INA168 ............................................................................... –0.3V to 75V Analog Inputs, VIN+, VIN– INA138 Common Mode(2) ............................................................ –0.3V to 60V Differential (VIN+) – (VIN–) .................................................. –40V to 2V INA168 Common Mode(2) ............................................................ –0.3V to 75V Differential (VIN+) – (VIN–) .................................................. –40V to 2V Analog Output, Out(2) ........................................................... –0.3V to 40V Input Current Into Any Pin ............................................................... 10mA Operating Temperature .................................................. –55°C to +150°C Storage Temperature ..................................................... –65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature .................................................................... +150°C ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. NOTE: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not implied. (2) The input voltage at any pin may exceed the voltage shown if the current at that pin is limited to 10mA. PIN CONFIGURATION Top View 2 SOT23 OUT 1 GND 2 VIN+ 3 5 V+ 4 VIN– INA138, INA168 www.ti.com SBOS122C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = –40°C to +125°C. All other characteristics at TA = +25°C, VS = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and ROUT = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted. INA138NA PARAMETER CONDITION INPUT Full-Scale Sense Voltage Common-Mode Input Range Common-Mode Rejection MIN VSENSE = VIN+ – VIN– VIN+ = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV VIN+ = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV 2.7 100 MIN 100 500 36 ✽ 1 0.1 V– = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV V– = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV TYP MAX UNITS ✽ ✽ 60 mV V dB dB mV mV µV/°C µV/V µV/V µA µA 120 100 Input Bias Current vs Temperature ±1 ±2 120 ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ 10 2 0.1 ✽ 10 ✽ ✽ ✽ 10 OUTPUT Transconductance Over Temperature vs Temperature Nonlinearity Error Total Output Error Over Temperature Output Impedance Voltage Output Swing to Power Supply, V+ Swing to Common Mode, VCM TA = +25°C, VSENSE = 10mV – 150mV 198 196 VSENSE = 100mV VSENSE = 10mV to 150mV VSENSE = 100mV 200 10 ±0.01 ±0.5 ±2.5 1 || 5 202 204 ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ±0.1 ±2 ✽ ✽ (V+) – 0.8 (V+) – 1.0 VCM – 0.5 VCM – 0.8 FREQUENCY RESPONSE Bandwidth Settling Time (0.1%) NOISE Output-Current Noise Density Total Output-Current Noise POWER SUPPLY Operating Range, V+ Quiescent Current Over Temperature TEMPERATURE RANGE Specification, TMIN to TMAX Operating Storage Thermal Resistance MAX ±0.2 Offset Voltage(1) Over Temperature vs Temperature vs Power Supply, V+ INA168NA TYP µA/V µA/V nA/°C ✽ ✽ % % % GΩ || pF ✽ ✽ V V ROUT = 5kΩ ROUT = 125kΩ 5V Step, ROUT = 5kΩ 5V Step, ROUT = 125kΩ 800 32 1.8 30 ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ kHz kHz µs µs BW = 100kHz 9 3 ✽ ✽ pA/√Hz nA RMS 2.7 TA = +25°C, VSENSE = 0, IO = 0 25 –40 –55 –65 θJA 200 36 45 60 ✽ 125 150 150 ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ 60 ✽ ✽ V µA µA ✽ ✽ ✽ °C °C °C °C/W ✽ specification same as INA138NA NOTE: (1) Defined as the amount of input voltage, VSENSE, to drive the output to zero. INA138, INA168 SBOS122C www.ti.com 3 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and RL = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted. COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY GAIN vs FREQUENCY 40 120 Common-Mode Rejection (dB) RL = 500kΩ 30 RL = 50kΩ Gain (dB) 20 10 RL = 5kΩ 0 –10 CL = 10nF CL = 1nF CL = 100pF –20 G = 100 100 80 G = 10 60 G=1 40 20 0 100 10k 1k 100k 10M 1M 0.1 10 1 Frequency (Hz) 100 TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs VIN POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs FREQUENCY 5 VIN = (VIN+ – VIN–) 120 Total Output Error (%) Power-Supply Rejection (dB) –55°C G = 100 100 G = 10 80 G=1 60 0 +150°C –5 +25°C –10 40 –15 20 1 100 1k Frequency (Hz) 10 0 100k 10k 25 50 75 100 125 150 200 VIN (mV) TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE QUIESCENT CURRENT vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2 50 Output error is essentially independent of both V+ supply voltage and input common-mode voltage. 1 Quiescent Current (µA) Total Output Error (%) 100k Frequency (Hz) 140 G=1 0 G = 10 G = 25 –1 –2 +150° 40 +125° 30 +25° –55° 20 Use INA168 with (V+) > 36V 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 Power-Supply Voltage (V) 4 10k 1k 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Power-Supply Voltage (V) INA138, INA168 www.ti.com SBOS122C TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.) At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and RL = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted. STEP RESPONSE STEP RESPONSE 200mV G=1 G = 25 100mV 0V 1V/div 50mV/div 100mV G=1 G = 10 0mV 0V 10µs/div 10µs/div OPERATION Figure 1 illustrates the basic circuit diagram for both the INA138 and INA168. Load current IS is drawn from supply VS through shunt resistor RS. The voltage drop in shunt resistor VS is forced across RG1 by the internal op amp, causing current to flow into the collector of Q1. External resistor RL converts the output current to a voltage, VOUT, at the OUT pin. The transfer function for the INA138 is: IO = gm (VIN+ – VIN– ) (1) where gm = 200µA/V. In the circuit of Figure 1, the input voltage, (VIN+ – VIN– ), is equal to IS • RS and the output voltage, VOUT, is equal to IO • RL. The transconductance, gm, of the INA138 is 200µA/V. The complete transfer function for the current measurement amplifier in this application is: VOUT = (IS) (RS) (200µA/V) (RL) (2) The maximum differential input voltage for accurate measurements is 0.5V, which produces a 100µA output current. A differential input voltage of up to 2V will not cause damage. Differential measurements (pins 3 and 4) must be unipolar with a more-positive voltage applied to pin 3. If a morenegative voltage is applied to pin 3, the output current, IO, will be zero, but it will not cause damage. BASIC CONNECTION Figure 1 shows the basic connection of the INA138. The input pins, VIN+ and VIN– , should be connected as closely as possible to the shunt resistor to minimize any resistance in series with the shunt resistance. The output resistor, RL, is shown connected between pin 1 and ground. Best accuracy is achieved with the output voltage measured directly across RL. This is especially important in high-current systems where load current could flow in the ground connections, affecting the measurement accuracy. No power-supply bypass capacitors are required for stability of the INA138. However, applications with noisy or highimpedance power supplies may require decoupling capacitors to reject power-supply noise. Connect bypass capacitors close to the device pins. POWER SUPPLIES The input circuitry of the INA138 can accurately measure beyond its power-supply voltage, V+. For example, the V+ power supply can be 5V, whereas the load power supply voltage is up to +36V (or +60V with the INA168). The output voltage range of the OUT terminal, however, is limited by the lesser of the two voltages (see “Output Voltage Range” section). SELECTING RS AND RL The value chosen for the shunt resistor, RS, depends on the application and is a compromise between small-signal accuracy and maximum permissible voltage loss in the measurement line. High values of RS provide better accuracy at lower currents by minimizing the effects of offset, while low values of RS minimize voltage loss in the supply line. For most applications, best performance is attained with an RS value that provides a full-scale shunt voltage range of 50mV to 100mV. Maximum input voltage for accurate measurements is 500mV. RL is chosen to provide the desired full-scale output voltage. The output impedance of the INA138 OUT terminal is very high which permits using values of RL up to 500kΩ with excellent accuracy. The input impedance of any additional circuitry at the output should be much higher than the value of RL to avoid degrading accuracy. INA138, INA168 SBOS122C 500mV/div www.ti.com 5 VP Load Power Supply +2.7 to 36V(1) Shunt RS VIN+ VIN– 4 3 V+ power can be common or V+ independent of load supply. RG1 5kΩ 2.7 ≤ (V+) ≤ 36V(1) IS Load RG2 5kΩ 5 Q1 VOLTAGE GAIN EXACT RL (Ω) NEAREST 1% RL (Ω) 1 5k 4.99k 2 10k 10k 5 25k 24.9k 10 50k 49.9k 20 100k 100k 50 250k 249k 100 500k 499k INA138 2 OUT 1 + I0 RL VO – NOTE: (1) Maximum VP and V+ voltage is 60V with INA168. FIGURE 1. Basic Circuit Connections. Some Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters have input impedances that will significantly affect measurement gain. The input impedance of the A/D converter can be included as part of the effective RL if its input can be modeled as a resistor to ground. Alternatively, an op amp can be used to buffer the A/D converter input. Figure 1 shows the recommended values of RL. OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE The output of the INA138 is a current, which is converted to a voltage by the load resistor, RL. The output current remains accurate within the compliance voltage range of the output circuitry. The shunt voltage and the input common-mode and power-supply voltages limit the maximum possible output swing. The maximum output voltage compliance is limited by the lower of the two equations below: Vout max = (V+) – 0.7V – (VIN+ – VIN–) (3) or Vout max = VIN– – 0.5V BANDWIDTH Measurement bandwidth is affected by the value of the load resistor, RL. High gain produced by high values of RL will yield a narrower measurement bandwidth (see Typical Characteristics). For widest possible bandwidth, keep the capacitive load on the output to a minimum. Reduction in bandwidth due to capacitive load is shown in the Typical Characteristics. If bandwidth limiting (filtering) is desired, a capacitor can be added to the output (see Figure 3). This will not cause instability. APPLICATIONS The INA138 is designed for current shunt measurement circuits, as shown in Figure 1, but its basic function is useful in a wide range of circuitry. A creative engineer will find many unforeseen uses in measurement and level shifting circuits. A few ideas are illustrated in Figures 2 through 7. (4) (whichever is lower) 6 INA138, INA168 www.ti.com SBOS122C IS 3 3 4 4 f–3dB 1 f–3dB = 2πRLCL INA138 INA138 ZIN OPA340 RL VO CL RL Buffer of amp drives A/D converter without affecting gain. FIGURE 3. Output Filter. FIGURE 2. Buffering Output to Drive an A/D Converter. 3 4 3 VR INA138 4 REF200 100µA INA138 R1 VO 1 V+ VO 1 R2 RL Gain Set by R1 R2 (VR)R2 R1 + R 2 Gain Set by RL Output Offset = (100µA)(RL) (independent of V+) Output Offset = a) Using resistor divider. b) Using current source. FIGURE 4. Offsetting the Output Voltage. ±1A Charger 1Ω 3 +5V 4 4 5kΩ 3 +5V 5kΩ 5 + 5 Load 48V INA168 2 1 INA168 2 1 Comparator IN4148 IN4148 SIGN 10kΩ 10kΩ 0V to 1V VO 100kΩ FIGURE 5. Bipolar Current Measurement. INA138, INA168 SBOS122C www.ti.com 7 RS V+ 4 3 4 3 +5V +5V +5V BUFOUT REFOUT BUFIN 5 5 Digital I/O INA138 BUF INA138 2 1 REF 2 1 RL 25kΩ MUX RL 25kΩ Clock Divider Oscillator 12-Bit A/D Converter PGIA Serial I/O ADS7870 A/D converter programmed for differential input. Depending on polarity of current, one INA138 provides an output voltage, the output of the other is zero. FIGURE 6. Bipolar Current Measurement Using Differential Input of A/D Converter. Other INA168s Digital I/O on the ADS7870 provides power to select the desired INA168. Diodes prevent output current of the on INA168 from flowing into the off INA168. INA168 V+ +5V –– BUFOUT REFOUT BUFIN Digital I/O REF BUF INA168 V+ –– MUX 12-Bit A/D Converter PGIA IN4148 RL Clock Divider Oscillator Serial I/O ADS7870 FIGURE 7. Multiplexed Measurement Using Logic Signal for Power. 8 INA138, INA168 www.ti.com SBOS122C PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 18-Sep-2008 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty INA138NA/250 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 5 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR INA138NA/250G4 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 5 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR INA138NA/3K ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 5 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR INA138NA/3KG4 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 5 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR INA168NA/250 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 5 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR INA168NA/250G4 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 5 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR INA168NA/3K ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 5 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR INA168NA/3KG4 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 5 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF INA138, INA168 : • Automotive: INA138-Q1, INA168-Q1 NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions: Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 18-Sep-2008 • Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects Addendum-Page 2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 31-Aug-2011 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) INA138NA/250 SOT-23 DBV 5 250 178.0 9.0 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 3.23 3.17 1.37 4.0 8.0 Q3 INA138NA/3K SOT-23 DBV 5 3000 178.0 9.0 3.23 3.17 1.37 4.0 8.0 Q3 INA168NA/250 SOT-23 DBV 5 250 178.0 9.0 3.23 3.17 1.37 4.0 8.0 Q3 INA168NA/3K SOT-23 DBV 5 3000 178.0 9.0 3.23 3.17 1.37 4.0 8.0 Q3 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 31-Aug-2011 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) INA138NA/250 SOT-23 DBV INA138NA/3K SOT-23 DBV 5 250 180.0 180.0 18.0 5 3000 180.0 180.0 18.0 INA168NA/250 SOT-23 DBV INA168NA/3K SOT-23 DBV 5 250 180.0 180.0 18.0 5 3000 180.0 180.0 18.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. 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