ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 High Performance ActivePSRTM Primary Switching Regulator The ACT366 ActivePSRTM is optimized for high performance, cost-sensitive applications, and utilizes Active-Semi’s proprietary primary-side feedback architecture to provide accurate constant voltage, constant current (CV/CC) regulation without the need of an opto-coupler or reference device. Integrated line and primary inductance compensation circuitry provides accurate constant current operation despite wide variations in line voltage and primary inductance. Integrated output cord resistance compensation further enhances output accuracy. The ACT366 achieves excellent regulation and transient response, yet requires less than 150mW of standby power. FEATURES • Patented Primary Side Regulation Technology • No Opto-Coupler • Suitable Operation Frequency up to 85kHZ • Best-in-Class Constant Voltage Accuracy • Proprietary Fast Startup with Big Capacitive Load • Built-in Soft-Start Circuit • Integrated Line and Primary Inductance Compensation The ACT366 is optimized for compact size 6W to 14W adapter applications. It is available in SOP8/EP (Exposed Pad) package. • Integrated Programmable Output Cord Resistance Compensation • Line Under-Voltage, Output Over-Voltage, Figure 1: Output Short-Circuit and Over-Temperature Protection Simplified Application Circuit • Complies with all Global Energy Efficiency and CEC Average Efficiency Standards • Dedicate Adapter Application from 6W to 14W APPLICATIONS • RCC Adapter Replacements • Linear Adapter Replacements • Standby and Auxiliary Supplies GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ACT366 belongs to the high performance patented ActivePSRTM Family of Universal-input AC/DC off-line controllers for adapter applications. It is designed for flyback topology working in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The ACT366 meets all of the global energy efficiency regulations (CEC, European Blue Angel, and US Energy Star standards) while using very few external components. Table 1: Output Power Table PART NUMBER The ACT366 ensures safe operation with complete protection against all fault conditions. Built-in protection circuitry is provided for output shortcircuit, output over-voltage, line under-voltage, and over temperature conditions. Innovative PowerTM ACT366YH-T (SOP-8/EP) -1- 85-265VAC TYPICAL APPLICATION 12V/1A Po MAX 14W www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 ORDERING INFORMATION PART NUMBER TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE PINS PACKING METHOD TOP MARK ACT366YH-T -40°C to 85°C SOP-8/EP 8 TAPE & REEL ACT366YH PIN CONFIGURATION SOP-8/EP ACT366YH PIN DESCRIPTIONS PIN NAME 1 SW 2,4,7 GND 8 BD 6 VDD 5 FB Feedback Pin. Connect this pin to a resistor divider network from the auxiliary winding. 3 CS Current Sense Pin. Connect an external resistor (RCS) between this pin and ground to set peak current limit for the primary switch. The peak current limit is set by (0.396V × 0.9) / RCS. For more detailed information, see Application Information. EP Exposed Pad shown as dashed box. The exposed thermal pad should be connected to board ground plane and pin 4. The ground plane should include a large exposed copper pad under the package for thermal dissipation (see package outline). The leads and exposed pad should be flush with the board, without offset from the board surface. EP Innovative PowerTM DESCRIPTION Switch Drive. Switch node for the external NPN transistor. Connect this pin to the external power NPN’s emitter. This pin also supplies current to VDD during startup. Ground. Base Drive. Base driver for the external NPN transistor. Power Supply. This pin provides bias power for the IC during startup and steady state operation. -2- www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSc PARAMETER VALUE UNIT -0.3 to + 28 V 100 mA -0.3 to + 6 V Internally limited A Maximum Power Dissipation (derate 6.7mW/˚C above TA = 50˚C) 1.8 W Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) 46 ˚C/W Operating Junction Temperature -40 to 150 ˚C Storage Junction -55 to 150 ˚C 300 ˚C VDD, BD, SW to GND Maximum Continuous VDD Current FB, CS to GND Continuous SW Current Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) c: Do not exceed these limits to prevent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for long periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 14V, VOUT = 5V, LP = 1.5mH, NP = 140, NS = 7, NA = 19, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified.) PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Supply VDD Turn-On Voltage VDDON VDD Rising from 0V 17.6 18.6 19.6 V VDD Turn-Off Voltage VDDOFF VDD Falling after Turn-on 5.25 5.5 5.75 V IDD VDD = 14V, after Turn-on 1 2 mA VDD = 14V, before Turn-on 25 45 µA 1 µA Supply Current Start Up Supply Current IDDST BD Current during Startup IBDST Internal Soft Startup Time 10 ms Oscillator Switching Frequency Maximum Switching Frequency fSW 100% VOUTCV @ full load 80 25% VOUTCV @ full load 40 kHz FCLAMP 85 100 110 kHz DMAX 65 75 85 % Effective FB Voltage VFB 2.176 2.200 2.224 V FB Leakage Current IFBLK 100 nA Maximum Duty Cycle Feedback Output Cable Resistance Compensation Innovative PowerTM DVCOMP No RCORD between VDD and SW 0 RCORD = 300k 3 RCORD = 150k 6 RCORD = 75k 9 RCORD = 33k 12 -3- % www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CONT’D (VDD = 14V, VOUT = 5V, LP = 1.5mH, NP = 140, NS = 7, NA = 19, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified.) PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 800 mA 412 mV Current Limit SW Current Limit Range 100 ILIM CS Current Limit Threshold VCSLIM tOFF_DELAY = 0 Leading Edge Blanking Time 380 396 200 300 ns Driver Outputs Switch ON-Resistance RON SW Off Leakage Current ISW = 50mA 1.6 VSW = VDD = 22V 3 Ω 5 µA VDDON +4 V Protection VDD Latch-Off Voltage VDDON +2 VDDOVP VDDON +3 Thermal Shutdown Temperature 135 ˚C Thermal Hysteresis 20 ˚C 116 µA Line UVLO IFBUVLO FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM GND Innovative PowerTM -4- www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION increases to ramp up the switch current to bring the secondary output back to regulation. The output regulation voltage is determined by the following relationship: As shown in the Functional Block Diagram, to regulate the output voltage in CV (constant voltage) mode, the ACT366 compares the feedback voltage at FB pin to the internal reference and generates an error signal to the pre-amplifier. The error signal, after filtering out the switching transients and compensated with the internal compensation network, modulates the external NPN transistor peak current at CS pin with current mode PFWM (Pulse Frequency and Width Modulation) control. To regulate the output current in CC (constant current) mode, the oscillator frequency is modulated by the output voltage. VOUTCV = 2 . 20 V × ( 1 + (1) where RFB1 (R5) and RFB2 (R6) are top and bottom feedback resistor, NS and NA are numbers of transformer secondary and auxiliary turns, and VD is the rectifier diode forward drop voltage at approximately 0.1A bias. SW is a driver output that drives the emitter of an external high voltage NPN transistor. This baseemitter-drive method makes the drive circuit the most efficient. Standby (No Load) Mode In no load standby mode, the ACT366 oscillator frequency is further reduced to a minimum frequency while the current pulse is reduced to a minimum level to minimize standby power. The actual minimum switching frequency is programmable with an output preload resistor. Fast Startup VDD is the power supply terminal for the ACT366. During startup, the ACT366 typically draws only 20μA supply current. The startup resistor from the rectified high voltage DC rail supplies current to the base of the NPN transistor. This results in an amplified emitter current to VDD through the SW pin via Active-Semi's proprietary fast-startup circuitry until it exceeds the VDDON threshold 19V. At this point, the ACT366 enters internal startup mode with the peak current limit ramping up in 10ms. After switching starts, the output voltage begins to rise. The VDD bypass capacitor must supply the ACT366 internal circuitry and the NPN base drive until the output voltage is high enough to sustain VDD through the auxiliary winding. The VDDOFF threshold is 5.5V; therefore, the voltage on the VDD capacitor must remain above 5.5V while the output is charging up. Loop Compensation The ACT366 integrates loop compensation circuitry for simplified application design, optimized transient response, and minimal external components. Output Cable Resistance Compensation The ACT366 provides programmable output cable resistance compensation during constant voltage regulation, monotonically adding an output voltage correction up to predetermined percentage at full power. There are four levels to program the output cable compensation by connecting a resistor (R10 in Figure 3) from the SW pin to VDD pin. The percentage at full power is programmable to be 3%, 6%, 9% or 12%, and by using a resistor value of 300k, 150k, 75k or 33k respectively. If there is no resistor connection, there is no cord compensation. Constant Voltage (CV) Mode Operation This feature allows for better output voltage accuracy by compensating for the output voltage droop due to the output cable resistance. In constant voltage operation, the ACT366 captures the auxiliary flyback signal at FB pin through a resistor divider network R5 and R6 in Figure 6. The signal at FB pin is pre-amplified against the internal reference voltage, and the secondary side output voltage is extracted based on Active-Semi's proprietary filter architecture. Constant Current (CC) Mode Operation When the secondary output current reaches a level set by the internal current limiting circuit, the ACT366 enters current limit condition and causes the secondary output voltage to drop. As the output voltage decreases, so does the flyback voltage in a proportional manner. An internal current shaping circuitry adjusts the switching frequency based on the flyback voltage so that the transferred power remains proportional to the output voltage, resulting This error signal is then amplified by the internal error amplifier. When the secondary output voltage is above regulation, the error amplifier output voltage decreases to reduce the switch current. When the secondary output voltage is below regulation, the error amplifier output voltage Innovative PowerTM R FB 1 N ) × S - VD R FB 2 NA -5- www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION CONT’D in a constant secondary side output current profile. The energy transferred to the output during each switching cycle is ½(LP × ILIM2) × η, where LP is the transformer primary inductance, ILIM is the primary peak current, and η is the conversion efficiency. From this formula, the constant output current can be derived: IOUTCC = 1 0 .396 V × 0 .9 2 η × fSW ) ×( ) × LP × ( 2 RCS VOUTCV die temperature. The typical over temperature threshold is 135°C with 20°C hysteresis. When the die temperature rises above this threshold the ACT366 is disabled until the die temperature falls by 20°C, at which point the ACT366 is re-enabled. TYPICAL APPLICATION Design Example (2) The design example below gives the procedure for a DCM flyback converter using the ACT366. Refer to Application Circuit in Figure 3, the design for a adapter application starts with the following specification: where fSW is the switching frequency and VOUTCV is the nominal secondary output voltage. The constant current operation typically extends down to lower than 40% of nominal output voltage regulation. Input Voltage Range Primary Inductance Compensation The ACT366 integrates a built-in proprietary (patent-pending) primary inductance compensation circuit to maintain constant current regulation despite variations in transformer manufacturing. The compensated range is ±7%. Primary Inductor Current Limit Compensation 12W Output Voltage, VOUTCV 12V Full Load Current, IOUTFL 1A OCP Current, IOUTMAX 1.2A Transformer Efficiency, ηxfm 0.89 System Efficiency CC, ηsystem 0.78 System Efficiency CV, η 0.79 The operation for the circuit shown in Figure 3 is as follows: the rectifier bridge D3 and the capacitor C1/C2 convert the AC line voltage to DC. This voltage supplies the primary winding of the transformer T1 and the startup resistor R7. The primary power current path is formed by the transformer’s primary winding, the NPN transistor, the ACT366 internal MOSFET and the current sense resistor R9. The network consisting of capacitor C4 and diode D6 provides a VDD supply voltage for ACT366 from the auxiliary winding of the transformer. C4 is the decoupling capacitor of the supply voltage and energy storage component for startup. The diode D8 and the capacitor C5/C6 rectifies and filters the output voltage. The resistor divider consisting of R5 and R6 programs the output voltage. The ACT366 integrates a primary inductor peak current limit compensation circuit to achieve constant input power over line and load ranges. Protection The ACT366 incorporates multiple protection functions including over-voltage, over-current and over-temperature. Output Short Circuit Protection When the secondary side output is short circuited, the ACT366 enters hiccup mode operation. In this condition, the VDD voltage drops below the VDDOFF threshold and the auxiliary supply voltage collapses. This turns off the ACT366 and causes it to restart. This hiccup behavior continues until the short circuit is removed. The minimum and maximum DC input voltages can be calculated: Output Over Voltage Protection The ACT366 includes output over-voltage protection circuitry, which shuts down the IC when the output voltage is 40% above the normal regulation voltage for 4 consecutive switching cycles. The ACT366 enters hiccup mode when an output over voltage fault is detected. 1 - tC ) 2 fL η × C IN 2 POUT ( V INDCMIN = Over Temperature Shutdown 2 2 V ACMIN - = 2 × 85 2 1 - 4 . 5 ms ) 2 × 50 ≈90 V 78 % × 15 × 10 μ F 2 × 12 ( - VINDCMAX = 2 × VACMAX = 2 × 265 = 375V The thermal shutdown circuitry detects the ACT366 Innovative PowerTM 85VAC - 265VAC, 50/60Hz Output Power, PO -6- (3) (4) www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 TYPICAL APPLICATION CONT’D where η is the estimated circuit efficiency, fL is the line frequency, tC is the estimated rectifier conduction time, CIN is empirically selected to be 15µF + 10µF electrolytic capacitors based on the 2µF/W rule of thumb. VINDCMAX× (VOUTCV +VDS ) 375× (12 + 0.5 ) = = 68.9V VDREV - VOUTCV 100× 0.8 -12 NA = NA × NS = 1.1 ×14 = 16 NS (I 0.9×VCSLIM ) OUTFL+IOUTMAX×(VOUT +VDS ) ηsystem LP ×fSW × ηxfm (12) (13) = 0.9×0.396 (1.0 +1.2) ×12.3 0.87×75× = 0.5R 0.78 0.89 are (14) selected 16 0 .87 NA L × P ×K = × × 230000 ≈59 k N P RCS 110 0 .5 R FB 1 = (15) In actual application 59K is selected. Where K is IC constant and K = 230000. R FB = 2 V FB = ( V OUTCV + V DS ) NA - V FB NS R FB 1 (16) 2 . 20 × 59 K ≈11 k ( 12 + 0 . 45 ) × 1 . 1 - 2 . 20 When selecting the output capacitor, a low ESR electrolytic capacitor is recommended to minimize ripple from the current ripple. The approximate equation for the output capacitance value is given by: (7) The primary inductance of the transformer: V INDCMIN × D 90 × 50 % = ≈0 . 87 mH I PK × fSW 683 mA × 75 kHz NS 1 × N P = × 110 ≈14 NP 7 The voltage feedback resistors according to below equation: (5) The maximum input primary peak current at full load base on duty of 50%: LP = NS = RCS = The maximum duty cycle is set to be 50% at low line voltage 85VAC and the circuit efficiency is estimated to be 78%. Then the full load input current is: V × IOUTPL 12 × 1 (6) I IN = OUTCV = = 170 . 9 mA VINDCMIN × η 90 × 78 % IPK (11) = 110 2 The current sense resistance (RCS) determines the current limit value based on the following equation: where VDS is the Schottky diode forward voltage, VDREV is the maximum reverse voltage rating of the diode and VOUTCV is the output voltage. 2 × IIN 2 × 170 .9 = = = 683 mA D 50 % 0 . 87 mH 80 nH / T The number of turns of secondary and auxiliary windings can be derived when Np/Ns=7: When the transistor is turned off, the voltage on the transistor’s collector consists of the input voltage and the reflected voltage from the transformer’s secondary winding. There is a ringing on the rising top edge of the flyback voltage due to the leakage inductance of the transformer. This ringing is clamped by a RCD network if it is used. Design this clamped voltage as 50V below the breakdown of the NPN transistor. The flyback voltage has to be considered with selection of the maximum reverse voltage rating of secondary rectifier diode. If a 100V Schottky diode is used, then the flyback voltage can be calculated: VRO = LP = A LE NP = (8) COUT = IOUTCC × D 1 .2 × 0 .5 = = 200 μ F fSW ×△VRIPPLE 60 kHz × 50 mV (17) ACT366 needs to work in DCM in all conditions, thus NP/NS should meet A 600µF electrolytic capacitor is used to keep the ripple small. LP × IPK + VINDCMIN PCB Layout Guideline LP × IPK (VOUTCV N + VDS ) × P NS < 0 .9 N P ⇒ >8 fSW NS (9) Good PCB layout is critical to have optimal performance. Decoupling capacitor (C4), current sense resistor (R9) and feedback resistor (R5/R6) should be placed close to VDD, CS and FB pins respectively. There are two main power path loops. One is formed by C1/C2, primary winding, NPN transistor and the ACT366. The other is the secondary winding, rectifier D8 and output capacitors (C5,C6). Keep these loop areas as small as possible. Connect high current ground returns, The auxiliary to secondary turns ratio NA/NS: NA VDD + VDA + VR 13 + 0 . 25 + 1 = = ≈1 .1 N S VOUTCV + VDS + VCORD 12 + 0 . 3 + 0 . 35 (10) Where VDA is diode forward voltage of the auxiliary side and VR is the resister voltage. An EPC17 transformer gapped core with an effective inductance ALE of 80nH/T2 is selected. The number of turns of the primary winding is: Innovative PowerTM -7- www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 TYPICAL APPLICATION CONT’D the input capacitor ground lead, and the ACT366 G pin to a single point (star ground configuration). VFB Sampling Waveforms ACT366 senses the output voltage information through the VFB waveforms. Proper VFB waveforms are required for IC to operate in a stable status. To avoid mis-sampling, 1.0µs blanking time is added to blank the ringing period due to the leakage inductance and the circuit parasitic capacitance. Figure 2 is the recommended VFB waveform to guarantee the correct sampling point so that the output information can be sent back into the IC to do the appropriate control. Figure 2: 1.0µs Innovative PowerTM -8- www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 Figure 3: Universal VAC Input, 12V/1A Output Adapter Table 2: ACT366 Bill of Materials ITEM REFERENCE DESCRIPTION Capacitor, Electrolytic, 10µF/400V, 10×12mm Capacitor, Electrolytic, 15µF/400V, 10×12mm Capacitor, Ceramic,1000pF/500V,1206,SMD Capacitor, Electrolytic, 10µF/35V,1206,SMD Capacitor, Electrolytic, 470µF/16V, 8 ×12mm Capacitor, Electrolytic, 470µF/16V, 8 ×12mm Capacitor, Ceramic,1000pF/50V,0805,SMD Safety Y1,Capacitor,1000pF/400V,Dip Diode,Rectifier,1000V/1A,1N4007, DO-41 Diode, Ultra Fast, FR107, 1000V/1.0A,DO-41 Diode, Schottky, 100V/5A, SB5100, DO-210AD Common choke mode, UU9.8,20mH, DIP Transistor, NPN, 700V,1.5A, D13003,TO-220 Fuse:1A 250V 3.6*10mm With Pigtail, ceramic tube Chip Resistor, 22Ω, 0805, 5% Chip Resistor, 200k,1206, 5% Chip Resistor, 390Ω,1206, 5% Chip Resistor, 10Ω, 0805, 5% Chip Resistor, 59k,0805, 1% Chip Resistor,11k,0805, 1% Chip Resistor, 10mΩ, 1206, 5% Chip Resistor, 0.5Ω,1206, 1% Chip Resistor, 330k,0805, 5% Chip Resistor, 5k, 0805, 5% Chip Resistor, 2.2K, 0805, 5% Chip Resistor, 10Ω, 0805, 5% Transformer, LP = 0.9mH±7%, EPC17 IC, ACT366YH-T, SOP-8/EP 1 C1 2 C2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 C3 C4 C5 C6 C9 CY1 D1-D4 D5, D6 D8 L1 Q1 F1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R9 R10 R11 R12,R14 R13 T1 U1 Innovative PowerTM -9- QTY MANUFACTURER 1 KSC KSC POE KSC KSC KSC POE UXT Good-Ark Good-Ark Good-Ark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Huawei walter TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM TY-OHM Active-Semi www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS CONT’D (Circuit of Figure 6, unless otherwise specified.) Start Up Supply Current vs. Temperature VDD ON/OFF Voltage vs. Temperature VDDON 16.5 26 24 14.5 IDDST (µA) VDDON and VDDOFF (V) 18.5 ACT366-008 28 ACT366-007 20.5 12.5 10.5 22 20 18 8.5 VDDOFF 6.5 16 4.5 14 0 25 50 75 0 Temperature (°C) 50 75 Normalized ILIM vs. Temperature FB Voltage vs. Temperature 1.01 Normalized ILIM (mA) 2.20 ACT366-010 1.02 ACT366-009 2.25 VFB (V) 25 Temperature (°C) 2.15 2.10 2.05 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 2.00 0.95 0 25 50 75 0 Temperature (°C) 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) Internal MOSFET RON vs. Temperature ACT366-012 2.4 2.0 RON (Ω) 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 0 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) Innovative PowerTM - 10 - www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc. ACT366 Rev 1, 14-Nov-12 PACKAGE OUTLINE SOP-8/EP PACKAGE OUTLINE AND DIMENSIONS SYMBOL DIMENSION IN MILLIMETERS DIMENSION IN INCHES MIN MAX MIN MAX A 1.350 1.700 0.053 0.067 A1 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.004 A2 1.350 1.550 0.053 0.061 B 0.330 0.510 0.013 0.020 C 0.190 0.250 0.007 0.010 D 4.700 5.100 0.185 0.201 D1 3.202 3.402 0.126 0.134 E 3.800 4.000 0.150 0.157 E1 5.800 6.300 0.228 0.248 E2 2.313 2.513 0.091 0.099 e 1.270 TYP 0.050 TYP L 0.400 1.270 0.016 0.050 θ 0° 8° 0° 8° Active-Semi, Inc. reserves the right to modify the circuitry or specifications without notice. Users should evaluate each product to make sure that it is suitable for their applications. Active-Semi products are not intended or authorized for use as critical components in life-support devices or systems. Active-Semi, Inc. does not assume any liability arising out of the use of any product or circuit described in this datasheet, nor does it convey any patent license. Active-Semi and its logo are trademarks of Active-Semi, Inc. For more information on this and other products, contact [email protected] or visit http://www.active-semi.com. is a registered trademark of Active-Semi. Innovative PowerTM - 11 - www.active-semi.com Copyright © 2012 Active-Semi, Inc.