16-Channel, 16-/14-Bit, Serial Input, Voltage-Output DAC AD5360/AD5361 FEATURES SPI-compatible serial interface 2.5 V to 5.5 V digital interface Digital reset (RESET) Clear function to user-defined SIGGNDx Simultaneous update of DAC outputs 16-channel DAC in 52-lead LQFP and 56-lead LFCSP packages Guaranteed monotonic to 16/14 bits Nominal output voltage range of −10 V to +10 V Multiple output spans available Temperature monitoring function Channel monitoring multiplexer GPIO function System calibration function allowing user-programmable offset and gain Channel grouping and addressing features Data error checking feature APPLICATIONS Instrumentation Industrial control systems Level setting in automatic test equipment (ATE) Variable optical attenuators (VOA) Optical line cards FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM DVCC TEMP_OUT PEC MON_IN0 MON_IN1 VDD TEMP SENSOR 8 CONTROL REGISTER VOUT0 TO VOUT15 6 MUX 8 SCLK TO MUX 2s n n n ·· · ·· · n · ·· · · ·n · · · ·· · X1 REGISTER n n M REGISTER n A/B MUX n C REGISTER n SERIAL INTERFACE 8 M REGISTER BIN/2SCOMP SDI A/B SELECT REGISTER 14 X1 REGISTER 2 SYNC LDAC n n GPIO REGISTER AGND DGND n = 16 FOR AD5360 n = 14 FOR AD5361 n MON_OUT GPIO VSS ·· · ·· · A/B MUX OFS0 REGISTER 14 GROUP 0 BUFFER OFFSET DAC 0 BUFFER X2A REGISTER X2B REGISTER MUX 2 · · · · · · · · · · X2A REGISTER X2B REGISTER n MUX n 2 n DAC 0 REGISTER · · · · · · DAC 7 REGISTER n OUTPUT BUFFER AND POWERDOWN CONTROL VOUT0 DAC 0 · · · · · · · · · · · · VOUT2 OUTPUT BUFFER AND POWERDOWN CONTROL VOUT7 DAC 7 C REGISTER BUSY CLR n STATE MACHINE n n AD5360/ AD5361 n n 8 TO MUX 2s n n X1 REGISTER n M REGISTER n · · ·· ·· · ·· · ·· n X1 REGISTER n M REGISTER C REGISTER A/B MUX n C REGISTER ·· · ·· · n VOUT4 VOUT5 VOUT6 SIGGND0 · · · ·· · A/B MUX GROUP 1 OFS1 REGISTER n OFFSET DAC 1 BUFFER X2A REGISTER X2B REGISTER · · · · · · X2A REGISTER X2B REGISTER MUX 2 · · · · · · n MUX n 2 n DAC 0 REGISTER · · · · · n DAC 7 REGISTER OUTPUT BUFFER AND POWERDOWN CONTROL VOUT8 DAC 0 · · · · · · · · · · · · VOUT10 OUTPUT BUFFER AND POWERDOWN CONTROL VOUT15 DAC 7 VOUT9 VOUT11 VOUT12 VOUT13 VOUT14 SIGGND1 n 05761-007 n A/B SELECT REGISTER VOUT3 VREF1 14 8 VOUT1 n SDO RESET VREF0 Figure 1. Rev. A Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2007–2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AD5360/AD5361 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Reset Function ............................................................................ 19 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Clear Function ............................................................................ 19 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 BUSY and LDAC Functions...................................................... 19 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 BIN/2SCOMP PIN ..................................................................... 19 General Description ......................................................................... 3 Temperature Sensor ................................................................... 19 Specifications..................................................................................... 4 Monitor Function ....................................................................... 20 AC Characteristics........................................................................ 5 GPIO Pin ..................................................................................... 20 Timing Characteristics ................................................................ 6 Power-Down Mode .................................................................... 20 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 9 Thermal Monitoring Function ................................................. 20 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 9 Toggle Mode................................................................................ 20 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ........................... 10 Serial Interface ................................................................................ 21 Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 12 SPI Write Mode .......................................................................... 21 Terminology .................................................................................... 14 SPI Readback Mode ................................................................... 22 Functional Description .................................................................. 15 Register Update Rates ................................................................ 22 DAC Architecture ....................................................................... 15 Packet Error Checking ............................................................... 22 Channel Groups .......................................................................... 15 Channel Addressing and Special Modes ................................. 23 A/B Registers Gain/Offset Adjustment ................................... 16 Special Function Mode .............................................................. 24 Offset DACs ................................................................................ 16 Power Supply Decoupling ......................................................... 25 Output Amplifier ........................................................................ 17 Power Supply Sequencing ......................................................... 25 Transfer Function ....................................................................... 17 Interfacing Examples...................................................................... 26 Reference Selection .................................................................... 17 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 27 Calibration ................................................................................... 18 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 27 REVISION HISTORY 2/08—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Added LFCSP Package ....................................................... Universal Change to DC Crosstalk Parameter ............................................... 4 Change to Power Dissipation Unloaded (P) Parameter .............. 5 Added t23 Parameter ......................................................................... 6 Change to Figure 4 ........................................................................... 7 Change to Table 5 Summary ........................................................... 9 Added Figure 8 ................................................................................ 10 Changes to Table 6 .......................................................................... 10 Changes to Calibration Section .................................................... 18 Changes to Reset Function Section .............................................. 19 Added Packet Error Checking Section ........................................ 22 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 27 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 27 10/07—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. A | Page 2 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD5360/AD5361 contain sixteen, 16-/14-bit DACs in a single 52-lead LQFP or 56-lead LFCSP package. They provide buffered voltage outputs with a span four times the reference voltage. The gain and offset of each DAC can be independently trimmed to remove errors. For even greater flexibility, the device is divided into two groups of eight DACs, and the output range of each group can be independently adjusted by an offset DAC. The AD5360/AD5361 offer guaranteed operation over a wide supply range with VSS from −4.5 V to −16.5 V and VDD from +8 V to +16.5 V. The output amplifier headroom requirement is 1.4 V. The AD5360/AD5361 have a high speed 4-wire serial interface, which is compatible with SPI, QSPI™, MICROWIRE™, and DSP interface standards and can handle clock speeds of up to 50 MHz. All the outputs can be updated simultaneously by taking the LDAC input low. Each channel has a programmable gain register and an offset adjust register. Each DAC output is amplified and buffered on-chip with respect to an external SIGGNDx input. The DAC outputs can also be switched to SIGGNDx via the CLR pin. Rev. A | Page 3 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 SPECIFICATIONS DVCC = 2.5 V to 5.5 V; VDD = 9 V to 16.5 V; VSS = −16.5 V to −4.5 V; VREF = 5 V; AGND = DGND = SIGGND = 0 V; RL = open circuit; gain (M), offset (C), and DAC offset registers at default value; all specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter ACCURACY Resolution AD5360 AD5361 Relative Accuracy AD5360 AD5361 Differential Nonlinearity Zero-Scale Error Full-Scale Error Gain Error Zero-Scale Error 2 Full-Scale Error2 Span Error of Offset DAC VOUTx 3 Temperature Coefficient DC Crosstalk4 REFERENCE INPUTS (VREF0, VREF1)2 VREF Input Current VREF Range2 SIGGND INPUT (SIGGND0 to SIGGND1) 4 DC Input Impedance Input Range SIGGND Gain OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS2 Output Voltage Range Nominal Output Voltage Range Short-Circuit Current Load Current Capacitive Load DC Output Impedance MONITOR PIN (MON_OUT)4 Output Impedance DAC Output at Positive Full-Scale DAC Output at Negative Full-Scale Three-State Leakage Current Continuous Current Limit DIGITAL INPUTS Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input Current Input Capacitance4 B Version 1 Unit 16 14 Bits Bits ±4 ±1 ±1 ±15 ±20 0.1 1 1 ±75 5 180 LSB max LSB max LSB max mV max mV max % FSR LSB typ LSB typ mV max ppm FSR/°C typ μV max ±10 2/5 μA max V min/max Per input; typically ±30 nA ±2% for specified operation 50 ±0.5 0.995/1.005 kΩ min V max Min/max Typically 55 kΩ VSS + 1.4 VDD − 1.4 −10 to +10 15 ±1 2200 0.5 V min V max V nominal mA max mA max pF max Ω max ILOAD = 1 mA ILOAD = 1 mA 1000 500 100 2 Ω typ Ω typ nA typ mA max 1.7 2.0 0.8 ±1 ±20 10 V min V min V max μA max μA max pF max Rev. A | Page 4 of 28 Test Conditions/Comments Guaranteed monotonic by design over temperature Before calibration Before calibration Before calibration After calibration After calibration See the Offset DACS section for details Includes linearity, offset, and gain drift Typically 20 μV; measured channel at midscale, full-scale change on any other channel VOUTx3 to DVCC, VDD, or VSS JEDEC compliant DVCC = 2.5 V to 3.6 V DVCC = 3.6 V to 5.5 V DVCC = 2.5 V to 5.5 V RESET, SYNC, SDI, and SCLK pins CLR, BIN/2SCOMP, and GPIO pins AD5360/AD5361 Parameter DIGITAL OUTPUTS (SDO, BUSY, GPIO, PEC) Output Low Voltage Output High Voltage (SDO) High Impedance Leakage Current High Impedance Output Capacitance4 TEMPERATURE SENSOR (TEMP_OUT)4 Accuracy Output Voltage at 25°C Output Voltage Scale Factor Output Load Current Power-On Time POWER REQUIREMENTS DVCC VDD VSS Power Supply Sensitivity4 ∆ Full Scale/∆ VDD ∆ Full Scale/∆ VSS ∆ Full Scale/∆ DVCC DICC IDD ISS Power-Down Mode DICC IDD ISS Power Dissipation Power Dissipation Unloaded (P) Junction Temperature B Version 1 Unit Test Conditions/Comments 0.5 DVCC − 0.5 ±5 10 V max V min μA max pF typ Sinking 200 μA Sourcing 200 μA SDO only ±1 ±5 1.46 4.4 200 10 °C typ °C typ V typ mV/°C typ μA max ms typ @ 25°C −40°C < T < +85°C 2.5/5.5 8/16.5 −4.5/−16.5 V min/max V min/max V min/max −75 −75 −90 2 10 10 dB typ dB typ dB typ mA max mA max mA max 5 35 −35 μA typ μA typ μA typ 245 130 mW max °C max Current source only To within ±5°C VCC = 5.5 V, VIH = DVCC, VIL = GND Outputs unloaded Outputs unloaded Bit 0 in the Control Register is 1 VSS = −12 V, VDD = +12 V, DVCC = 2.5 V TJ = TA + PTOTAL × θJA 1 Temperature range for B version: −40°C to +85°C. Typical specifications are at 25°C. Specifications are guaranteed for a 5 V reference only. 3 VOUTx refers to any of VOUT0 to VOUT15. 4 Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested. 2 AC CHARACTERISTICS DVCC = 2.5 V; VDD = 15 V; VSS = −15 V; VREF = 5 V; AGND = DGND = SIGGND = 0 V; CL = 200 pF; RL = 10 kΩ; gain (M), offset (C), and DAC offset registers at default value; all specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE1 Output Voltage Settling Time Slew Rate Digital-to-Analog Glitch Energy Glitch Impulse Peak Amplitude Channel-to-Channel Isolation DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk Digital Crosstalk Digital Feedthrough Output Noise Spectral Density @ 10 kHz 1 B Version 1 Unit Test Conditions/Comments 20 30 1 5 10 100 10 0.2 0.02 250 μs typ μs max V/μs typ nV-s typ mV max dB typ nV-s typ nV-s typ nV-s typ nV/√Hz typ Full-scale change DAC latch contents alternately loaded with all 0s and all 1s Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested. Rev. A | Page 5 of 28 VREF0, VREF1 = 2 V p-p, 1 kHz Effect of input bus activity on DAC output under test VREF0 = VREF1 = 0 V AD5360/AD5361 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS DVCC = 2.5 V to 5.5 V; VDD = 9 V to 16.5 V; VSS = −8 V to −16.5 V; VREF = 5 V; AGND = DGND = SIGGND = 0 V; CL = 200 pF to GND; RL = open circuit; gain (M), offset (C), and DAC offset registers at default values; all specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. SPI Interface (See Figure 4 and Figure 5) Parameter 1, 2 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 3 t10 t11 t12 t13 t14 t15 t16 t17 t18 t19 t20 t21 t22 4 t23 Limit at TMIN, TMAX 20 8 8 11 20 10 5 5 42 1/1.5 600 20 10 3 0 3 20/30 140 30 400 270 25 80 Unit ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns max μs typ/max ns max ns min ns min μs max ns min μs max μs typ/max ns max ns min μs max ns min ns max ns max Description SCLK cycle time SCLK high time SCLK low time SYNC falling edge to SCLK falling edge setup time Minimum SYNC high time 24th SCLK falling edge to SYNC rising edge Data setup time Data hold time SYNC rising edge to BUSY falling edge BUSY pulse width low (single-channel update); see Table 8 Single-channel update cycle time SYNC rising edge to LDAC falling edge LDAC pulse width low BUSY rising edge to DAC output response time BUSY rising edge to LDAC falling edge LDAC falling edge to DAC output response time DAC output settling time CLR/RESET pulse activation time RESET pulse width low RESET time indicated by BUSY low Minimum SYNC high time in readback mode SCLK rising edge to SDO valid RESET rising edge to BUSY falling edge 1 Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 2 ns (10% to 90% of DVCC) and timed from a voltage level of 1.2 V. 3 This is measured with the load circuit shown in Figure 2. 4 This is measured with the load circuit shown in Figure 3. 2 200µA IOL DVCC VOL VOH (MIN) – VOL (MAX) 2 CL 50pF 200µA Figure 2. Load Circuit for BUSY Timing Diagram IOH Figure 3. Load Circuit for SDO Timing Diagram Rev. A | Page 6 of 28 05761-009 CL 50pF 05761-008 TO OUTPUT PIN TO OUTPUT PIN RL 2.2k Ω AD5360/AD5361 t1 SCLK 1 24 2 t3 t4 SYNC 24 t11 t6 t5 t7 SDI 1 t2 t8 DB0 DB23 t9 t10 BUSY t12 t13 LDAC1 t17 t14 VOUTx1 t15 t13 LDAC2 t17 VOUTx2 t16 CLR t18 VOUTx t19 RESET VOUTx t18 t20 BUSY 05761-010 t23 1 LDAC ACTIVE DURING BUSY. 2 LDAC ACTIVE AFTER BUSY. Figure 4. SPI Write Timing Rev. A | Page 7 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 t22 SCLK 48 t21 SYNC DB23 DB0 DB23 DB0 NOP CONDITION INPUT WORD SPECIFIES REGISTER TO BE READ DB0 SDO DB23 DB15 DB0 SELECTED REGISTER DATA CLOCKED OUT LSB FROM PREVIOUS WRITE Figure 5. SPI Read Timing OUTPUT VOLTAGE FULL-SCALE ERROR + ZERO-SCALE ERROR VMAX ACTUAL TRANSFER FUNCTION IDEAL TRANSFER FUNCTION 0 2N – 1 DAC CODE n = 16 FOR AD5360 n = 14 FOR AD5361 ZERO-SCALE ERROR 05761-001 VMIN Figure 6. DAC Transfer Function Rev. A | Page 8 of 28 05761-011 SDI AD5360/AD5361 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Transient currents of up to 60 mA do not cause SCR latch-up. Table 4. Parameter VDD to AGND VSS to AGND DVCC to DGND Digital Inputs to DGND Digital Outputs to DGND VREF0, VREF1 to AGND VOUT0 to VOUT15 to AGND SIGGND0, SIGGND1 to AGND AGND to DGND MON_IN0, MON_IN1, MON_OUT to AGND Operating Temperature (TA) Industrial (B Version) Storage Junction (TJ max) θJA Thermal Impedance 52-Lead LQFP 56-Lead LFCSP Reflow Soldering Peak Temperature Time at Peak Temperature Rating −0.3 V to +17 V −17 V to +0.3 V −0.3 V to +7 V −0.3 V to DVCC + 0.3 V −0.3 V to DVCC + 0.3 V −0.3 V to +5.5 V VSS − 0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V −1 V to +1 V −0.3 V to +0.3 V VSS − 0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION −40°C to +85°C −65°C to +150°C 130°C 38°C/W 25°C/W 230°C 10 sec to 40 sec Rev. A | Page 9 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 CLR LDAC AGND DGND DVCC SDO PEC SDI SCLK SYNC DVCC DGND VOUT7 VOUT6 AGND DGND DVCC SDO PEC SDI SCLK SYNC DVCC DGND VOUT7 VOUT6 VOUT5 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 VOUT4 3 37 VOUT3 36 VOUT2 4 5 AD5360/ AD5361 6 7 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 8 35 VOUT1 34 VOUT0 33 TEMP_OUT 32 MON_IN1 9 31 VREF0 10 30 NC 11 29 VSS 28 VDD 12 27 NC 13 05761-022 NC VOUT8 VOUT9 VOUT10 VOUT11 SIGGND1 VOUT12 VOUT13 VOUT14 VOUT15 NC NC NC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 NC = NO CONNECT 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 NC = NO CONNECT RESET BIN/2SCOMP BUSY GPIO MON_OUT MON_IN0 NC NC NC NC NC VDD VSS VREF1 Figure 7. 52-Lead LQFP Pin Configuration PIN 1 INDICATOR AD5360/ AD5361 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 VOUT5 VOUT4 SIGGND0 VOUT3 VOUT2 VOUT1 VOUT0 TEMP_OUT MON_IN1 VREF0 NC NC VSS VDD 05761-028 38 SIGGND0 PIN 1 INDICATOR 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 NC NC VOUT8 VOUT9 VOUT10 VOUT11 SIGGND1 VOUT12 VOUT13 VOUT14 VOUT15 NC NC NC LDAC CLR RESET BIN/2SCOMP BUSY GPIO MON_OUT MON_IN0 NC NC VDD VSS VREF1 Figure 8. 56-Lead LFCSP Pin Configuration Table 5. LQFP Pin Function Descriptions LQFP 1 Pin No. LFCSP 55 Mnemonic LDAC 2 56 CLR 3 4 1 2 RESET BIN/2SCOMP 5 3 BUSY 6 4 GPIO 7 5 MON_OUT 8, 32 9, 10, 14, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30 11, 28 6, 34 7 to 11, 15, 16, 26 to 28, 31, 32 12, 29 MON_IN0, MON_IN1 NC 12, 29 13, 30 VSS 13 19 14 21 VREF1 SIGGND1 31 33 33 35 VREF0 TEMP_OUT 34 to 37, 39 to 42, 15 to 18, 20 to 23 36 to 39, 41 to 44, 17 to 20, 22 to 25 VOUT0 to VOUT15 VDD Description Load DAC Logic Input (Active Low). See the BUSY and LDAC Functions section for more information. Asynchronous Clear Input (Level Sensitive, Active Low). See the Clear Function section for more information. Digital Reset Input. Data Format Digital Input. Connecting this pin to DGND selects offset binary. Connecting this pin to logic 1 selects twos complement. This input has a weak pull-down. Digital Input/Open-Drain Output. BUSY is open drain when it is an output. See the BUSY and LDAC Functions section for more information. Digital I/O Pin. This pin can be configured as an input or output that can be read or programmed high or low via the serial interface. When configured as an input, it has a weak pull-down. Analog Multiplexer Output. Any DAC output, the MON_IN0 input, or the MON_IN1 input can be switched to this output. Analog Multiplexer Inputs. Can be switched to MON_OUT. No Connect. Positive Analog Power Supply; +9 V to +16.5 V for specified performance. These pins should be decoupled with 0.1 μF ceramic capacitors and 10 μF capacitors. Negative Analog Power Supply; −16.5 V to −8 V for specified performance. These pins should be decoupled with 0.1 μF ceramic capacitors and 10 μF capacitors. Reference Input for DAC 8 to DAC 15. This voltage is referred to AGND. Reference Ground for DAC 8 to DAC 15. VOUT8 to VOUT15 are referenced to this voltage. Reference Input for DAC 0 to DAC 7. This voltage is referred to AGND. Provides an output voltage proportional to chip temperature. This is typically 1.46 V at 25°C with an output variation of 4.4 mV/°C. DAC Outputs. Buffered analog outputs for each of the 16 DAC channels. Each analog output is capable of driving an output load of 10 kΩ to ground. Typical output impedance of these amplifiers is 0.5 Ω. Rev. A | Page 10 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 LQFP 38 Pin No. LFCSP 40 43, 51 45, 53 DGND 44, 50 46, 52 DVCC 45 47 SYNC 46 48 SCLK 47 49 SDI 48 50 PEC 49 51 SDO 52 54 AGND EP Connect to VSS Mnemonic SIGGND0 Description Reference Ground for DAC 0 to DAC 7. VOUT0 to VOUT7 are referenced to this voltage. Ground for All Digital Circuitry. Both DGND pins should be connected to the DGND plane. Logic Power Supply; 2.5 V to 5.5 V. These pins should be decoupled with 0.1 μF ceramic capacitors and 10 μF capacitors. Active Low or SYNC Input for SPI Interface. This is the frame synchronization signal for the SPI serial interface. See Figure 4, Figure 5, and the Serial Interface section for more details. Serial Clock Input for SPI Interface. See Figure 4, Figure 5, and the Serial Interface section for more details. Serial Data Input for SPI Interface. See Figure 4, Figure 5, and the Serial Interface section for more details. Packet Error Check Output. This is an open-drain output with a 50 kΩ pull-up that goes low if the packet error check fails. Serial Data Output for SPI Interface. See Figure 4, Figure 5, and the Serial Interface section for more details. Ground for All Analog Circuitry. The AGND pin should be connected to the AGND plane. Exposed Paddle. Rev. A | Page 11 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 2 0.0050 0.0025 AMPLITUDE (V) 0 0 32768 49152 –0.0050 05761-012 16384 0 65535 DAC CODE 0 1 Figure 12. Digital Crosstalk VDD = +15V VSS = –15V DVCC = +5V VREF = +3V 0.5 DNL (LSB) 0.5 INL ERROR (LSB) 5 4 1.0 1.0 0 0 –0.5 –0.5 20 40 05761-013 –1.0 0 80 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 16384 32768 65535 49152 DAC CODE Figure 10. Typical INL Error vs. Temperature Figure 13. Typical AD5360 DNL Plot 600 0 TA = 25°C VSS = –15V VDD = +15V VREF = +4.096V OUTPUT NOISE (nV/√Hz) 500 –0.01 400 300 200 –0.02 0 2 4 6 8 TIME (µs) 10 0 0 1 2 3 FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 14. Noise Spectral Density Figure 11. Analog Crosstalk Due to LDAC Rev. A | Page 12 of 28 4 5 05761-017 100 05761-014 AMPLITUDE (V) 3 TIME (µs) Figure 9. Typical AD5360 INL Plot –1.0 2 05761-015 –0.0025 –1 05761-016 INL (LSB) 1 –2 TA = 25°C VSS = –15V VDD = +15V VREF = +4.096V AD5360/AD5361 6 0.50 VSS = –12V VDD = +12V VREF = +3V DVCC = 5V TA = 25°C 5 NUMBER OF UNITS DVCC = +5.5V 0.40 DVCC = +3.6V 0.35 DVCC = +2.5V 0.30 4 3 2 1 –20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 0.48 05761-018 0.25 –40 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.58 0.56 ICC (mA) Figure 15. ICC vs. Temperature 05761-021 ICC (mA) 0.45 Figure 18. Typical ICC Distribution 8.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 7.5 1.7 VOLTAGE (V) IDD/ISS (mA) IDD 7.0 ISS 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 6.5 1.1 –20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1.0 –40 05761-019 6.0 –40 5 20 35 50 65 80 1.0 FULL-SCALE VOUTx – MON_OUT (V) 12 –10 Figure 19. TEMP_OUT Voltage vs. Temperature VDD = 15V VSS = 15V TA = 25°C 14 –25 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 16. IDD/ISS vs. Temperature 10 8 6 4 0.5 0 MIDSCALE ZERO-SCALE –0.5 0 7.00 7.25 7.50 IDD (mA) 7.75 8.00 –1.0 –1.0 –0.5 0 0.5 1.0 MON_OUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 17. Typical IDD Distribution Figure 20. (VOUTx − MON_OUT Voltage) vs. MON_OUT Current Rev. A | Page 13 of 28 05761-026 2 05761-020 NUMBER OF UNITS 05761-027 1.2 VSS = –12V VDD = +12V VREF = +3V AD5360/AD5361 TERMINOLOGY Integral Nonlinearity (INL) Integral nonlinearity, or relative accuracy, is a measure of the maximum deviation from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the DAC transfer function. It is measured after adjusting for zero-scale error and full-scale error and is expressed in least significant bits (LSB). Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) Differential nonlinearity is the difference between the measured change and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes. A specified differential nonlinearity of 1 LSB maximum ensures monotonicity. Zero-Scale Error Zero-scale error is the error in the DAC output voltage when all 0s are loaded into the DAC register. Zero-scale error is a measure of the difference between VOUT (actual) and VOUT (ideal), expressed in millivolts, when the channel is at its minimum value. Zero-scale error is mainly due to offsets in the output amplifier. Full-Scale Error Full-scale error is the error in DAC output voltage when all 1s are loaded into the DAC register. Full-scale error is a measure of the difference between VOUT (actual) and VOUT (ideal), expressed in millivolts, when the channel is at its maximum value. It does not include zeroscale error. Gain Error Gain error is the difference between full-scale error and zeroscale error. It is expressed in millivolts. Gain Error = Full-Scale Error − Zero-Scale Error VOUT Temperature Coefficient This includes output error contributions from linearity, offset, and gain drift. DC Output Impedance DC output impedance is the effective output source resistance. It is dominated by package lead resistance. Output Voltage Settling Time The amount of time it takes for the output of a DAC to settle to a specified level for a full-scale input change. Digital-to-Analog Glitch Energy This is the amount of energy injected into the analog output at the major code transition. It is specified as the area of the glitch in nV-s. It is measured by toggling the DAC register data between 0x7FFF and 0x8000 (AD5360) or 0x1FFF and 0x2000 (AD5361). Channel-to-Channel Isolation Channel-to-channel isolation refers to the proportion of input signal from the reference input of one DAC that appears at the output of another DAC operating from another reference. It is expressed in decibels and measured at midscale. DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk DAC-to-DAC crosstalk is the glitch impulse that appears at the output of one converter due to both the digital change and subsequent analog output change at another converter. It is specified in nV-s. Digital Crosstalk Digital crosstalk is defined as the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one converter due to a change in the DAC register code of another converter and is specified in nV-s. Digital Feedthrough When the device is not selected, high frequency logic activity on the device’s digital inputs can be capacitively coupled both across and through the device to show up as noise on the VOUTx pins. It can also be coupled along the supply and ground lines. This noise is digital feedthrough. Output Noise Spectral Density Output noise spectral density is a measure of internally generated random noise. Random noise is characterized as a spectral density (voltage per √Hz). It is measured by loading all DACs to midscale and measuring noise at the output. It is measured in nV/√Hz. DC Crosstalk The DAC outputs are buffered by op amps that share common VDD and VSS power supplies. If the dc load current changes in one channel (due to an update), this can result in a further dc change in one or more channel outputs. This effect is more significant at high load currents and reduces as the load currents are reduced. With high impedance loads, the effect is virtually immeasurable. Multiple VDD and VSS terminals are provided to minimize dc crosstalk. Rev. A | Page 14 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION DAC ARCHITECTURE CHANNEL GROUPS The AD5360/AD5361 contain 16 DAC channels and 16 output amplifiers in a single package. The architecture of a single DAC channel consists of a 16-bit resistor-string DAC in the case of the AD5360 and a 14-bit DAC in the case of the AD5361, followed by an output buffer amplifier. The resistor-string section is simply a string of resistors, of equal value, from VREF0 or VREF1 to AGND. This type of architecture guarantees DAC monotonicity. The 16-/14-bit binary digital code loaded to the DAC register determines at which node on the string the voltage is tapped off before being fed into the output amplifier. The output amplifier multiplies the DAC output voltage by 4. The nominal output span is 12 V with a 3 V reference and 20 V with a 5 V reference. The 16 DAC channels of the AD5360/AD5361 are arranged into two groups of eight channels. The eight DACs of Group 0 derive their reference voltage from VREF0. Group 1 derives its reference voltage from VREF1. Each group has its own signal ground pin. Table 6. AD5360/AD5361 Registers Register Name X1A (group) (channel) X1B (group) (channel) M (group) (channel) C (group) (channel) X2A (group) (channel) Word Length in Bits 16 (14) 16 (14) 16 (14) 16 (14) 16 (14) X2B (group) (channel) 16 (14) DAC (group) (channel) OFS0 OFS1 Control Monitor GPIO 14 14 5 6 2 Description Input Data Register A, one for each DAC channel. Input Data Register B, one for each DAC channel. Gain trim register, one for each DAC channel. Offset trim register, one for each DAC channel. Output Data Register A, one for each DAC channel. These registers store the final, calibrated DAC data after gain and offset trimming. They are not readable or directly writable. Output Data Register B, one for each DAC channel. These registers store the final, calibrated DAC data after gain and offset trimming. They are not readable or directly writable. Data registers from which the DACs take their final input data. The DAC registers are updated from the X2A or X2B registers. They are not readable or directly writable. Offset DAC 0 data register, sets offset for Group 0. Offset DAC 1 data register, sets offset for Group 1. Control register. Monitor enable and configuration register. GPIO configuration register. Table 7. AD5360/AD5361 Input Register Default Values Register Name X1A, X1B M C OFS0, OFS1 Control A/B Select 0 and A/B Select 1 AD5360 Default Value 0x8000 0xFFFF 0x8000 0x2000 0x00 0x00 Rev. A | Page 15 of 28 AD5361 Default Value 0x2000 0x3FFF 0x2000 0x2000 0x00 0x00 AD5360/AD5361 A/B REGISTERS GAIN/OFFSET ADJUSTMENT X2A REGISTER MUX X1B REGISTER MUX X2B REGISTER DAC REGISTER DAC 05761-023 M REGISTER C REGISTER Figure 21. Data Registers Associated with Each DAC Channel Each DAC channel also has a gain register (M) and an offset (C) register, which allow trimming out of the gain and offset errors of the entire signal chain. Data from the X1A register is operated on by a digital multiplier and adder by the contents of the M and C registers. The calibrated DAC data is then stored in the X2A register. Similarly, data from the X1B register is operated on by the multiplier and adder and stored in the X2B register. Although a multiplier and adder symbol are shown for each channel, there is only one multiplier and one adder in the device, which are shared among all channels. This has implications for the update speed when several channels are updated at once, as described in the Register Update Rates section. Each time data is written to the X1A register, or to the M or C register with the A/B control bit set to 0, the X2A data is recalculated and the X2A register is automatically updated. Similarly, X2B is updated each time data is written to X1B, or to M or C with A/B set to 1. The X2A and X2B registers are not readable or directly writable by the user. Data output from the X2A and X2B registers is routed to the final DAC register by a multiplexer. An 8-bit A/B select register associated with each group of eight DACs controls whether each individual DAC takes its data from the X2A or X2B register. If a bit in this register is 0, the DAC takes its data from the X2A register; if 1, the DAC takes its data from the X2B register (Bit 0 through Bit 7 control DAC 0 through DAC 7, respectively). OFFSET DACs In addition to the gain and offset trim for each DAC, there are two 14-bit offset DACs, one for Group 0, and one for Group 1. These allow the output range of all DACs connected to them to be offset within a defined range. Thus, subject to the limitations of headroom, it is possible to set the output range of Group 0 and/or Group 1 to be unipolar positive, unipolar negative, or bipolar (either symmetrical or asymmetrical) about 0 V. The DACs in the AD5360/AD5361 are factory trimmed with the offset DACs set at their default values. This gives the best offset and gain performance for the default output range and span. When the output range is adjusted by changing the value of the offset DAC, an extra offset is introduced due to the gain error of the offset DAC. The amount of offset is dependent on the magnitude of the reference and how much the offset DAC moves from its default value. This offset is shown in Table 1. The worst-case offset occurs when the offset DAC is at positive full scale or negative full scale. This value can be added to the offset present in the main DAC of a channel to give an indication of the overall offset for that channel. In most cases, the offset can be removed by programming the C register of the channel with an appropriate value. The extra offset caused by the offset DACs needs to be taken into account only when the offset DAC is changed from its default value. Figure 22 shows the allowable code range that can be loaded to the offset DAC, and this is dependent on the reference value used. Thus, for a 5 V reference, the offset DAC should not be programmed with a value greater than 8192 (0x2000). 5 RESERVED 4 Note that because there are 16 bits in two registers, it is possible to set up, on a per-channel basis, whether each DAC takes its data from the X2A register or X2B register. A global command is also provided that sets all bits in the A/B select registers to 0 or to 1. Rev. A | Page 16 of 28 3 2 1 0 0 4096 8192 OFFSET DAC CODE 12288 Figure 22. Offset DAC Code Range 16383 05761-005 X1A REGISTER All DACs in the AD5360/AD5361 can be updated simultaneously by taking LDAC low, when each DAC register is updated from either its X2A or X2B register, depending on the setting of the A/B select registers. The DAC register is not readable or directly writable by the user. VREF (V) Each DAC channel has seven data registers. The actual DAC data word can be written to either the X1A or X1B input register, depending on the setting of the A/B bit in the control register. If the A/B bit is 0, data is written to the X1A register. If the A/B bit is 1, data is written to the X1B register. Note that this single bit is a global control and affects every DAC channel in the device. It is not possible to set up the device on a perchannel basis so that some writes are to the X1A register and some writes are to the X1B register. AD5360/AD5361 OUTPUT AMPLIFIER Because the output amplifiers can swing to 1.4 V below the positive supply and 1.4 V above the negative supply, this limits how much the output can be offset for a given reference voltage. For example, it is not possible to have a unipolar output range of 20 V because the maximum supply voltage is ±16.5 V. OUTPUT R5 60kΩ R6 10kΩ S2 R4 60kΩ R3 20kΩ R2 20kΩ CLR DAC_CODE = INPUT_CODE × (M + 1)/214 + C − 213 CLR CLR R1 20kΩ AD5361 Transfer Function The input code is the value in the X1A or X1B register that is applied to DAC (X1A, X1B default code = 8192) S1 DAC CHANNEL OFFSET_CODE is the code loaded to the offset DAC. It is multiplied by 4 in the transfer function because this DAC is a 14-bit device. On power-up, the default code loaded to the offset DAC is 8192 (0x2000). With a 10 V reference, this gives a span of −10 V to +10 V. DAC output voltage S3 VOUT = 4 × VREF × (DAC_CODE − OFFSET_CODE)/214 + VSIGGND SIGGND 05761-006 SIGGND OFFSET DAC Figure 23. Output Amplifier and Offset DAC Figure 23 shows details of a DAC output amplifier and its connections to the offset DAC. On power-up, S1 is open, disconnecting the amplifier from the output. S3 is closed, so the output is pulled to SIGGND. S2 is also closed to prevent the output amplifier from being open-loop. If CLR is low at power-up, the output remains in this condition until CLR is taken high. The DAC registers can be programmed, and the outputs assume the programmed values when CLR is taken high. Even if CLR is high at power-up, the output remains in this condition until VDD > 6 V and VSS < −4 V and the initialization sequence has finished. The outputs then go to their power-on default values. OFFSET_CODE is the code loaded to the offset DAC. On power-up, the default code loaded to the offset DAC is 8192 (0x2000). With a 5 V reference, this gives a span of −10 V to +10 V. REFERENCE SELECTION TRANSFER FUNCTION The output voltage of a DAC in the AD5360/AD5361 is dependent on the value in the input register, the value of the M and C registers, and the value in the offset DAC. The transfer functions for the AD5360/AD5361 are shown in the following sections. AD5360 Transfer Function The input code is the value in the X1A or X1B register that is applied to DAC (X1A, X1B default code = 32,768) 16 DAC_CODE = INPUT_CODE × (M + 1)/2 + C − 2 15 DAC output voltage VOUT = 4 × VREF × (DAC_CODE − (OFFSET_CODE × 4))/ 216 + VSIGGND where: DAC_CODE should be within the range of 0 to 65,535. VREF = 3.0 V, for a 12 V span. VREF = 5.0 V, for a 20 V span. M = code in gain register − default code = 216 – 1. C = code in offset register − default code = 215. where: DAC_CODE should be within the range of 0 to 16,383. VREF = 3.0 V, for a 12 V span. VREF = 5.0 V, for a 20 V span. M = code in gain register − default code = 214 − 1. C = code in offset register − default code = 213. The AD5360/AD5361 have two reference input pins. The voltage applied to the reference pins determines the output voltage span on VOUT0 to VOUT15. VREF0 determines the voltage span for VOUT0 to VOUT7 (Group 0), and VREF1 determines the voltage span for VOUT8 to VOUT15 (Group 1). The reference voltage applied to each VREF pin can be different, if required, allowing each group of eight channels to have a different voltage span. The output voltage range and span can be adjusted by programming the offset register and gain register for each channel as well as programming the offset DAC. If the offset and gain features are not used (that is, the M and C registers are left at their default values), the required reference levels can be calculated as follows: VREF = (VOUTMAX − VOUTMIN)/4 If the offset and gain features of the AD5360/AD5361 are used, the required output range is slightly different. The chosen output range should take into account the system offset and gain errors that need to be trimmed out. Therefore, the chosen output range should be larger than the actual, required range. The required reference levels can be calculated as follows: 1. 2. 3. Rev. A | Page 17 of 28 Identify the nominal output range on VOUT. Identify the maximum offset span and the maximum gain required on the full output signal range. Calculate the new maximum output range on VOUT, including the expected maximum offset and gain errors. AD5360/AD5361 4. 5. Choose the new required VOUTMAX and VOUTMIN, keeping the VOUT limits centered on the nominal values. Note that VDD and VSS must provide sufficient headroom. Calculate the value of VREF as follows: VREF = (VOUTMAX − VOUTMIN)/4 Full-scale error can be reduced as follows: 1. 2. 3. Reference Selection Example 4. Nominal output range = 20 V (−10 V to +10 V) Offset error = ±100 mV Gain error = ±3% SIGGND = AGND = 0 V Measure the zero-scale error. Set the output to the highest possible value. Measure the actual output voltage and compare it with the required value. Add this error to the zero-scale error. This is the span error, which includes full-scale error. Calculate the number of LSBs equivalent to the span error and subtract it from the default value of the M register. Note that only positive full-scale error can be reduced. The M and C registers should not be programmed until both zero-scale errors and full-scale errors have been calculated. Gain error = ±3% Maximum positive gain error = +3% Output range including gain error = 20 + 0.03 (20) = 20.6 V AD5360 Calibration Example This example assumes that a −10 V to +10 V output is required. The DAC output is set to −10 V but is measured at −10.03 V. This gives a zero-scale error of −30 mV. Offset error = ±100 mV Maximum offset error span = 2 (100 mV) = 0.2 V Output range including gain error and offset error = 20.6 V + 0.2 V = 20.8 V 1 LSB = 20 V/65,536 = 305.176 μV 30 mV = 98 LSBs VREF calculation Actual output range = 20.6 V, that is, −10.3 V to +10.3 V (centered); VREF = (10.3 V + 10.3 V)/4 = 5.15 V The full-scale error can now be removed. The output is set to +10 V, and a value of +10.02 V is measured. The full-scale error is +20 mV. The span error is +20 mV − (−30 mV) = +50 mV. +50 mV = 164 LSBs If the solution yields an inconvenient reference level, the user can adopt one of the following approaches: The errors can now be removed. • 1. • • Use a resistor divider to divide down a convenient, higher reference level to the required level. Select a convenient reference level above VREF and modify the gain and offset registers to digitally downsize the reference. In this way, the user can use almost any convenient reference level but may reduce the performance by overcompaction of the transfer function. Use a combination of these two approaches. CALIBRATION The user can perform a system calibration on the AD5360 and AD5361 to reduce gain and offset errors to below 1 LSB. This is achieved by calculating new values for the M and C registers and reprogramming them. Reducing Zero-Scale and Full-Scale Error Zero-scale error can be reduced as follows: 1. 2. 3. Set the output to the lowest possible value. Measure the actual output voltage and compare it with the required value. This gives the zero-scale error. Calculate the number of LSBs equivalent to the error and add this from the default value of the C register. Note that only negative zero-scale error can be reduced. 2. 3. 4. 98 LSBs should be added to the default C register value; (32,768 + 98) = 32,866. 32,866 should be programmed to the C register. 164 LSBs should be subtracted from the default M register value; (65,535 − 164) = 65,371. 65,371 should be programmed to the M register. Additional Calibration The techniques described in the previous section are usually enough to reduce the zero-scale errors and full-scale errors in most applications. However, there are limitations whereby the errors may not be sufficiently removed. For example, the offset (C) register can only be used to reduce the offset caused by the negative zero-scale error. A positive offset cannot be reduced. Likewise, if the maximum voltage is below the ideal value, that is, a negative full-scale error, the gain (M) register cannot be used to increase the gain to compensate for the error. These limitations can be overcome by increasing the reference value. With a 2.5 V reference, a 10 V span is achieved. The ideal voltage range, for the AD5360 or AD5361, is −5 V to +5 V. Using a 2.6 V reference increases the range to −5.2 V to +5.2 V. Clearly, in this case, the offset and gain errors are insignificant and the M and C registers can be used to raise the negative voltage to −5 V and then reduce the maximum voltage down to +5 V to give the most accurate values possible. Rev. A | Page 18 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 RESET FUNCTION The reset function is initiated by the RESET pin. On the rising edge of RESET, the AD5360/AD5361 state machine initiates a reset sequence to reset the X, M, and C registers to their default values. This sequence typically takes 300 μs, and the user should not write to the part during this time. On power-up, it is recommended that the user bring RESET high as soon as possible to properly initialize the registers. When the reset sequence is complete (and provided that CLR is high), the DAC output is at a potential specified by the default register settings, which are equivalent to SIGGNDx. The DAC outputs remain at SIGGNDx until the X, M, or C register is updated and LDAC is taken low. The AD5360/AD5361 can be returned to the default state by pulsing RESET low for at least 30 ns. Note that, because the reset function is rising edge triggered, bringing RESET low has no effect on the operation of the AD5360/AD5361. high. Whenever the A/B select registers are written to, BUSY also goes low, for approximately 600 ns. The AD5360/AD5361 have flexible addressing that allows writing of data to a single channel, all channels in a group, the same channel in Group 0 and Group 1, or all channels in the device. This means that 1, 2, 8, or 16 DAC register values may need to be calculated and updated. Because there is only one multiplier shared among 16 channels, this task must be done sequentially, so the length of the BUSY pulse varies according to the number of channels being updated. Table 8. BUSY Pulse Widths Action Loading Input, C, or M to 1 Channel2 Loading Input, C, or M to 2 Channels Loading Input, C, or M to 8 Channels Loading Input, C, or M to 16 Channels 1 CLEAR FUNCTION 2 CLR is an active low input that should be high for normal operation. The CLR pin has an internal 500 kΩ pull-down resistor. When CLR is low, the input to each of the DAC output buffer stages (VOUT0 to VOUT15) is switched to the externally set potential on the relevant SIGGNDx pin. While CLR is low, all LDAC pulses are ignored. When CLR is taken high again, the DAC outputs return to their previous values. The contents of input registers and DAC Register 0 to DAC Register 15 are not affected by taking CLR low. To prevent glitches appearing on the outputs, CLR should be brought low whenever the output span is adjusted by writing to the offset DAC. BUSY AND LDAC FUNCTIONS The value of an X2 (A or B) register is calculated each time the user writes new data to the corresponding X1, C, or M register. During the calculation of X2, the BUSY output goes low. While BUSY is low, the user can continue writing new data to the X1, M, or C register (see the Register Update Rates section for more details), but no DAC output updates can take place. The BUSY pin is bidirectional and has a 50 kΩ internal pull-up resistor. When multiple AD5360 or AD5361 devices may be used in one system, the BUSY pins can be tied together. This is useful when it is required that no DAC in any device be updated until all other DACs are ready. When each device has finished updating the X2 (A or B) register, it releases the BUSY pin. If another device has not finished updating its X2 registers, it holds BUSY low, thus delaying the effect of LDAC going low. BUSY Pulse Width1 1.5 μs maximum 2.1 μs maximum 5.7 μs maximum 10.5 μs maximum BUSY pulse width = ((number of channels + 1) × 600 ns) + 300 ns. A single channel update is typically 1 μs. The AD5360/AD5361 contain an extra feature whereby a DAC register is not updated unless its X2A or X2B register has been written to since the last time LDAC was brought low. Normally, when LDAC is brought low, the DAC registers are filled with the contents of the X2A or X2B registers, depending on the setting of the A/B select register. However, the AD5360/ AD5361 update the DAC register only if the X2A or X2B data has changed, thereby removing unnecessary digital crosstalk. BIN/2SCOMP PIN The BIN/2SCOMP pin determines if the output data is presented as offset binary or twos complement. If this pin is low, the data is straight binary. If it is high, the data is twos complement. This affects only the X, C, and offset DAC registers; the M register and the control and command data are interpreted as straight binary. TEMPERATURE SENSOR The on-chip temperature sensor provides a voltage output at the TEMP_OUT pin that is linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature scale. The typical accuracy of the temperature sensor is ±1°C at +25°C and ±5°C over the −40°C to +85°C range. Its nominal output voltage is 1.46 V at +25°C, varying at 4.4 mV/°C. Its low output impedance, low selfheating, and linear output simplify interfacing to temperature control circuitry and analog-to-digital converters. The DAC outputs are updated by taking the LDAC input low. If LDAC goes low while BUSY is active, the LDAC event is stored and the DAC outputs update immediately after BUSY goes high. A user can also hold the LDAC input permanently low. In this case, the DAC outputs update immediately after BUSY goes Rev. A | Page 19 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 MONITOR FUNCTION POWER-DOWN MODE The AD5360/AD5361 contain a channel monitor function that consists of an analog multiplexer addressed via the serial interface, allowing any channel output to be routed to this pin for monitoring using an external ADC. In addition, two monitor inputs, MON_IN0 and MON_IN1, are provided, which can also be routed to MON_OUT. The monitor function is controlled by the monitor register, which allows the monitor output to be enabled or disabled, and selection of a DAC channel or one of the monitor pins. When disabled, the monitor output is high impedance, so several monitor outputs can be connected in parallel and only one enabled at a time. Table 9 shows the control register settings relevant to the monitor function. The AD5360/AD5361 can be powered down by setting Bit 0 in the control register to 1. This turns off the DACs, thus reducing the current consumption. The DAC outputs are connected to their respective SIGGND potentials. The power-down mode does not change the contents of the registers, and the DACs return to their previous voltage when the power-down bit is cleared to 0. Table 9. Control Register Monitor Functions F5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 F4 X X 0 0 0 1 1 F3 X X 0 0 1 0 0 F2 X X 0 0 1 0 0 F1 X X 0 0 1 0 0 F0 X X 0 1 1 0 1 Function MON_OUT disabled MON_OUT enabled MON_OUT = VOUT0 MON_OUT = VOUT1 MON_OUT = VOUT15 MON_OUT = MON_IN0 MON_OUT = MON_IN1 The multiplexer is implemented as a series of analog switches. Because this could conceivably cause a large amount of current to flow from the input of the multiplexer, that is, VOUTx or MON_INx to the output of the multiplexer, MON_OUT, care should taken to ensure that whatever is connected to the MON_OUT pin is of high enough impedance to prevent the continuous current limit specification from being exceeded. Because the MON_OUT pin is not buffered, the amount of current drawn from this pin creates a voltage drop across the switches, which in turn leads to an error in the voltage being monitored. Where accuracy is important, it is recommended that the MON_OUT pin be buffered. Figure 20 shows the typical error due to the MON_OUT current GPIO PIN The AD5360/AD5361 have a general-purpose I/O pin, GPIO. This can be configured as an input or an output and read back or programmed (when configured as an output) via the serial interface. Typical applications for this pin include monitoring the status of a logic signal, monitoring a limit switch, or controlling an external multiplexer. The GPIO pin is configured by writing to the GPIO register, which has the special function code of 001101 (see Table 14 and Table 15 ). When Bit F1 is set, the GPIO pin becomes an output and F0 determines whether the pin is high or low. The GPIO pin can be set as an input by writing 0 to both F1 and F0. The status of the GPIO pin can be determined by initiating a read operation using the appropriate bits in Table 16. The status of the pin is indicated by the LSB of the register read. THERMAL MONITORING FUNCTION The AD5360/AD5361 can be programmed to power down the DACs if the temperature on the die exceeds 130°C. Setting Bit 1 in the control register to 1 (see Table 15) enables this function. If the die temperature exceeds 130°C, the AD5360/AD5361 enter a temperature power-down mode, which is equivalent to setting the power-down bit in the control register. To indicate that the AD5360/AD5361 have entered temperature shutdown mode, Bit 4 of the control register is set to 1. The AD5360/AD5361 remain in temperature shutdown mode, even if the die temperature falls, until Bit 1 in the control register is cleared to 0. TOGGLE MODE The AD5360/AD5361 have two X2 registers per channel, X2A and X2B, which can be used to switch the DAC output between two levels with ease. This approach greatly reduces the overhead required by a microprocessor, which would otherwise have to write to each channel individually. When the user writes to either the X1A, X2A, M, or C register, the calculation engine takes a certain amount of time to calculate the appropriate X2A or X2B values. If the application only requires that the DAC output switch between two levels, such as a data generator, any method that reduces the amount of calculation time encountered is advantageous. For the data generator example, the user should set the high and low levels for each channel once, by writing to the X1A and X1B registers. The values of X2A and X2B are calculated and stored in their respective registers. The calculation delay, therefore, only happens during the setup phase, that is, when programming the initial values. To toggle a DAC output between the two levels, it is only required to write to the relevant A/B select register to set the MUX 2 register bit. Furthermore, because there are eight MUX 2 control bits per register, it is possible to update eight channels with a single write. Table 17 shows the bits that correspond to each DAC output. Rev. A | Page 20 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 SERIAL INTERFACE The AD5360/AD5361 contain a high speed SPI operating at clock frequencies up to 50 MHz (20 MHz for read operations). To minimize both the power consumption of the device and on-chip digital noise, the interface powers up fully only when the device is being written to, that is, on the falling edge of SYNC. The serial interface is 2.5 V LVTTL-compatible when operating from a 2.5 V to 3.6 V DVCC supply. It is controlled by four pins: SYNC (frame synchronization input), SDI (serial data input), SCLK (clocking of data in and out of the device), and SDO (serial data output for data readback). The serial interface works with both a continuous and a burst (gated) serial clock. Serial data applied to SDI is clocked into the AD5360/AD5361 by clock pulses applied to SCLK. The first falling edge of SYNC starts the write cycle. At least 24 falling clock edges must be applied to SCLK to clock in 24 bits of data, before SYNC is taken high again. If SYNC is taken high before the 24th falling clock edge, the write operation is aborted. If a continuous clock is used, SYNC must be taken high before the 25th falling clock edge. This inhibits the clock within the AD5360/AD5361. If more than 24 falling clock edges are applied before SYNC is taken high again, the input data is corrupted. If an externally gated clock of exactly 24 pulses is used, SYNC may be taken high any time after the 24th falling clock edge. SPI WRITE MODE The AD5360/AD5361 allow writing of data via the serial interface to every register directly accessible to the serial interface, which are all registers except the X2A, X2B, and DAC registers. The X2A and X2B registers are updated when writing to the X1A, X1B, M, and C registers, and the DAC registers are updated by LDAC. The serial word (see Table 10 or Table 11) is 24 bits long; 16 or 14 of these bits are data bits, six bits are address bits, and two bits are mode bits that determine what is done with the data. Two bits are reserved on the AD5361. The input register addressed is updated on the rising edge of SYNC. For another serial transfer to take place, SYNC must be taken low again. Table 10. AD5360 Serial Word Bit Assignation I23 M1 I22 M0 I21 A5 I20 A4 I19 A3 I18 A2 I17 A1 I16 A0 I15 D15 I14 D14 I13 D13 I12 D12 I11 D11 I10 D10 I14 D12 I13 D11 I12 D10 I11 D9 I10 D8 I9 D9 I8 D8 I7 D7 I6 D6 I5 D5 I4 D4 I3 D3 I2 D2 I1 D1 I0 D0 I8 D6 I7 D5 I6 D4 I5 D3 I4 D2 I3 D1 I2 D0 I1 1 0 I01 0 Table 11. AD5361 Serial Word Bit Assignation I23 M1 1 I22 M0 I21 A5 I20 A4 I19 A3 I18 A2 I17 A1 I16 A0 I15 D13 I9 D7 I1 and I0 are reserved for future use and should be 0 when writing the serial word. These bits read back as 0. Rev. A | Page 21 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 SPI READBACK MODE PACKET ERROR CHECKING The AD5360/AD5361 allow data readback via the serial interface from every register directly accessible to the serial interface, which is all registers except the X2A, X2B, and DAC data registers. To read back a register, it is first necessary to tell the AD5360/AD5361 which register is to be read. This is achieved by writing a word whose first two bits are the Special Function Code 00 to the device. The remaining bits then determine if the operation is a readback and which register is to be read back, or if it is a write to of the special function registers, such as the control register. To verify that data has been received correctly in noisy environments, the AD5360/AD5361 offer the option of error checking based on an 8-bit (CRC-8) cyclic redundancy check. The device controlling the AD5360/AD5361 should generate an 8-bit checksum using the polynomial C(x) = x8 + x2 + x1 +1. The checksum is added to the end of the data word, and 32 data bits are sent to the AD5360/AD5361 before taking SYNC high. If the AD5360/AD5361 see a 32-bit data frame, they perform the error check when SYNC goes high. If the checksum is valid, the data is written to the selected register. If the checksum is invalid, the data is ignored, the packet error check output (PEC) goes low, and Bit 3 of the control register is set. After reading the control register, the error flag is cleared automatically and PEC goes high again. UPDATE ON SYNC HIGH SYNC SCLK REGISTER UPDATE RATES MSB D23 The value of the X2A or X2B register is calculated each time the user writes new data to the corresponding X1, C, or M register. The calculation is performed by a three-stage process. The first two stages take approximately 600 ns each, and the third stage takes approximately 300 ns. When the write to a X1, C, or M register is complete, the calculation process begins. If the write operation involves the update of a single DAC channel, the user is free to write to another register provided that the write operation does not finish until the first stage calculation is complete, that is, 600 ns after the completion of the first write operation. If a group of channels is being updated by a single write operation, the first stage calculation is repeated for each channel, taking 600 ns per channel. In this case, the user should not complete the next write operation until this time has elapsed. LSB D0 24-BIT DATA SDI 24-BIT DATA TRANSFER—NO ERROR CHECKING UPDATE AFTER SYNC HIGH ONLY IF ERROR CHECK PASSED SYNC SCLK MSB D31 SDI PEC LSB D8 24-BIT DATA D7 D0 8-BIT CHECKSUM PEC GOES LOW IF ERROR CHECK FAILS 24-BIT DATA TRANSFER WITH ERROR CHECKING Figure 24. SPI Write with and Without Error Checking Rev. A | Page 22 of 28 05761-029 If a readback command is written to a special function register, data from the selected register is clocked out of the SDO pin during the next SPI operation. The SDO pin is normally threestated but becomes driven as soon as a read command is issued. The pin remains driven until the register’s data is clocked out. See Figure 5 for the read timing diagram. Note that, due to the timing requirements of t22 (25 ns), the maximum speed of the SPI interface during a read operation should not exceed 20 MHz. AD5360/AD5361 CHANNEL ADDRESSING AND SPECIAL MODES If the mode bits are not 00, then the data word D15 to D0 (AD5360) or D13 to D0 (AD5361) is written to the device. Address Bit A4 to Address Bit A0 determine which channel or channels is/are written to, while the mode bits determine to which register (X1A, X1B, C, or M) the data is written, as shown in Table 10 and Table 11. Data is to be written to the X1A when the A/B bit in the control register is 0 or to the X1B register when the bit is 1. The AD5360/AD5361 have very flexible addressing that allows writing of data to a single channel, all channels in a group, the same channel in Group 0 and Group 1 or all channels in the device. Table 13 shows all these address modes. It shows which group(s) and which channel(s) is/are addressed for every combination of Address Bit A4 to Address Bit A0. Table 12. Mode Bits M1 1 1 0 0 M0 1 0 1 0 Action Write DAC data (X) register Write DAC offset (C) register Write DAC gain (M) register Special function, used in combination with other bits of a word Table 13. Group and Channel Addressing Address Bit A2 to Address Bit A0 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 00 All groups, all channels Group 0, all channels Group 1, all channels Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Address Bit A4 to Address Bit A3 01 10 Group 0, Channel 0 Group 1, Channel 0 Group 0, Channel 1 Group 1, Channel 1 Group 0, Channel 2 Group 1, Channel 2 Group 0, Channel 3 Group 1, Channel 3 Group 0, Channel 4 Group 1, Channel 4 Group 0, Channel 5 Group 1, Channel 5 Group 0, Channel 6 Group 1, Channel 6 Group 0, Channel 7 Group 1, Channel 7 Rev. A | Page 23 of 28 11 Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused AD5360/AD5361 SPECIAL FUNCTION MODE data required for execution of the special function, for example the channel address for data readback. If the mode bits are 00, then the special function mode is selected, as shown in Table 14. Bits I21 to I16 of the serial data word select the special function, while the remaining bits are The codes for the special functions in Table 16 show the addresses for data readback. Table 14. Special Function Mode I23 0 I22 0 I21 S5 I20 S4 I19 S3 I18 S2 I17 S1 I16 S0 I15 F15 I14 F14 I13 F13 I12 F12 I11 F11 I10 F10 I9 F9 I8 F8 I7 F7 I6 F6 I5 F5 I4 F4 I3 F3 I2 F2 I1 F1 Table 15. Special Function Codes Special Function Code S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S0 0 1 Data (F15 to F0) 0000 0000 0000 0000 XXXX XXXX XXXX X [F2:F0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 XX [F13:F0] XX [F13:F0] Reserved See Table 16 XXXX XXXX [F7:F0] XXXX XXXX [F7:F0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Reserved Reserved Reserved XXXX XXXX [F7:F0] 0 0 1 1 0 0 XXXX XXXX XX [F5:F0] 0 0 1 1 0 1 XXXX XXXX XXXX XX [F1:F0] Action NOP. Write control register. F4 = 1: temperature over 130°C. F4 = 0: temperature under 130°C. Read-only bit. This bit should be 0 when writing to the control register. F3 = 1: PEC error. F3 = 0: No PEC error. Reserved. Read-only bit. This bit should be 0 when writing to the control register. F2 = 1: select Register X1B for input. F2 = 0: select Register X1A for input. F1 = 1: enable temperature shutdown. F1 = 0: disable temperature shutdown. F0 = 1: soft power-down. F0 = 0: soft power-up. Write data in F13 to F0 to OFS0 register. Write data in F13 to F0 to OFS1 register. Select register for readback. Write data in F7 to F0 to A/B Select Register 0. Write data in F7 to F0 to A/B Select Register 1. Block write A/B select registers. F7 to F0 = 0: write all 0s (all channels use X2A register). F7 to F0 = 1: write all 1s (all channels use X2B register). F5 = 1: monitor enable. F5 = 0: monitor disable. F4 = 1: monitor input pin selected by F0. F4 = 0: monitor DAC channel selected by F3:F0 (0000 = DAC0; 1111 = DAC15). F3 = not used if F4 = 1. F2 = not used if F4 = 1. F1 = not used. F0 = 0: MON_IN0 selected for monitoring (if F4 and F5 = 1). F0 = 1: MON_IN1 selected for monitoring (if F4 and F5 = 1). GPIO configure and write. F1 = 1: GPIO is an output. Data to output is written to F0. F1 = 0: GPIO is an input. Data can be read from F0 on readback. Rev. A | Page 24 of 28 I0 F0 AD5360/AD5361 Table 16. Address Codes for Data Readback 1 F15 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 F14 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 A/B Select Register 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Reserved Reserved Reserved GPIO Read (Data in F0) 2 1 2 F13 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 F12 F11 F10 F9 F8 Bit F12 to Bit F7 select channel to be read back, Channel 0 = 001000 to Channel 15 = 010111 F7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 Register Read X1A Register X1B Register C Register M Register Control Register OFS0 Data Register OFS1 Data Register Reserved A/B Select Register 0 F6 to F0 are don’t cares for the data readback function. F6 to F0 should be 0 for GPIO read. Table 17. DACs Selected by A/B Select Registers A/B Select Register 0 1 1 F7 DAC7 DAC15 F6 DAC6 DAC14 F5 DAC5 DAC13 F4 DAC4 DAC12 Bits 1 F3 DAC3 DAC11 F2 DAC2 DAC10 F1 DAC1 DAC9 F0 DAC0 DAC8 If the bit is 0, Register X2A is selected. If the bit is 1, Register X2B is selected. POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING In any circuit where accuracy is important, careful consideration of the power supply and ground return layout helps to ensure the rated performance. The printed circuit board on which the AD5360/AD5361 are mounted should be designed so that the analog and digital sections are separated and confined to certain areas of the board. If the AD5360/AD5361 are in a system where multiple devices require an AGND-to-DGND connection, the connection should be made at one point only. The star ground point should be established as close as possible to the device. For supplies with multiple pins (VSS, VDD, DVCC), it is recommended to tie these pins together and to decouple each supply once. The AD5360/AD5361 should have ample supply decoupling of 10 μF in parallel with 0.1 μF on each supply located as close to the package as possible, ideally right up against the device. The 10 μF capacitors are the tantalum bead type. The 0.1 μF capacitor should have low effective series resistance (ESR) and effective series inductance (ESI), such as the common ceramic types that provide a low impedance path to ground at high frequencies, to handle transient currents due to internal logic switching. Digital lines running under the device should be avoided because these couple noise onto the device. The analog ground plane should be allowed to run under the AD5360/AD5361 to avoid noise coupling. The power supply lines of the AD5360/ AD5361 should use as large a trace as possible to provide low impedance paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line. Fast switching digital signals should be shielded with digital ground to avoid radiating noise to other parts of the board and should never be run near the reference inputs. It is essential to minimize noise on all VREFx lines. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. Traces on opposite sides of the board should run at right angles to each other. This reduces the effects of feedthrough through the board. A microstrip technique is by far the best, but this is not always possible with a double-sided board. In this technique, the component side of the board is dedicated to the ground plane, while signal traces are placed on the solder side. As is the case for all thin packages, care must be taken to avoid flexing the package and to avoid a point load on the surface of this package during the assembly process. POWER SUPPLY SEQUENCING When the supplies are connected to the AD5360/AD5361, it is important that the AGND and DGND pins be connected to the relevant ground plane before the positive or negative supplies are applied. In most applications, this is not an issue because the ground pins for the power supplies are connected to the ground pins of the AD5360/AD5361 via ground planes. Where the AD5360/AD5361 are used in a hot-swap card, care should be taken to ensure that the ground pins are connected to the supply grounds before the positive or negative supplies are connected. This is required to prevent currents from flowing in directions other than toward an analog or digital ground. Rev. A | Page 25 of 28 AD5360/AD5361 INTERFACING EXAMPLES AD5360/ AD5361 SYNC SCK SCLK MOSI SDI MISO SDO PF10 RESET PF9 LDAC PF8 CLR PF7 BUSY ADSP-21065L 05761-024 ADSP-BF531 SPISELx The Analog Devices ADSP-21065L is a floating-point DSP with two serial ports (SPORTs). Figure 26 shows how one SPORT can be used to control the AD5360 or AD5361. In this example, the transmit frame synchronization (TFS) pin is connected to the receive frame synchronization (RFS) pin. Similarly, the transmit and receive clocks (TCLK and RCLK) are also connected together. The user can write to the AD5360 or AD5361 by writing to the transmit register. A read operation can be accomplished by first writing to the AD5360/AD5361 to tell the part that a read operation is required. A second write operation with a NOP instruction causes the data to be read from the AD5360/AD5361. The DSPs receive interrupt can be used to indicate when the read operation is complete. Figure 25. Interfacing to a Blackfin DSP AD5360/ AD5361 TFSx RFSx SYNC TCLKx RCLKx SCLK DTxA SDI DRxA SDO FLAG0 RESET FLAG1 LDAC FLAG2 CLR FLAG3 BUSY Figure 26. Interfacing to an ADSP-21065L DSP Rev. A | Page 26 of 28 05761-025 The SPI interface of the AD5360 and AD5361 is designed to allow the parts to be easily connected to industry standard DSPs and microcontrollers. Figure 25 shows how the AD5360/AD5361 can be connected to the Analog Devices, Inc., Blackfin® DSP. The Blackfin has an integrated SPI port that can be connected directly to the SPI pins of the AD5360 or AD5361, and programmable I/O pins that can be used to set or read the state of the digital input or output pins associated with the interface. AD5360/AD5361 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 0.75 0.60 0.45 12.20 12.00 SQ 11.80 1.60 MAX 52 40 39 1 PIN 1 10.20 10.00 SQ 9.80 TOP VIEW (PINS DOWN) 1.45 1.40 1.35 0.15 0.05 0.20 0.09 7° 3.5° 0° SEATING PLANE 13 27 14 0.10 COPLANARITY VIEW A VIEW A 26 0.38 0.32 0.22 0.65 BSC LEAD PITCH 051706-A ROTATED 90° CCW COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-026-BCC Figure 27. 52-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Package [LQFP] (ST-52) Dimensions shown in millimeters 8.00 BSC SQ 0.60 MAX 0.50 0.40 0.30 12° MAX SEATING PLANE 29 28 15 14 0.25 MIN 6.50 REF 0.80 MAX 0.65 TYP 0.50 BSC 6.25 6.10 SQ 5.95 EXPOSED PAD (BOTTOM VIEW) 7.75 BSC SQ 0.05 MAX 0.02 NOM COPLANARITY 0.08 0.20 REF COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VLLD-2 112805-0 TOP VIEW PIN 1 INDICATOR 56 1 43 42 PIN 1 INDICATOR 1.00 0.85 0.80 0.30 0.23 0.18 0.60 MAX Figure 28. 56-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ] 8 mm × 8 mm, Very Thin Quad (CP-56-1) Dimensions shown in millimeter ORDERING GUIDE Model AD5360BSTZ 1 AD5360BSTZ-REEL1 AD5360BCPZ1 AD5360BCPZ-REEL71 AD5361BSTZ1 AD5361BSTZ-REEL1 AD5361BCPZ1 AD5361BCPZ-REEL71 EVAL-AD5360EBZ1 EVAL-AD5361EBZ1 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C Package Description 52-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Pack [LQFP] 52-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Pack [LQFP] 56-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP _VQ] 56-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP _VQ] 52-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Pack [LQFP] 52-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Pack [LQFP] 56-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP _VQ] 56-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP _VQ] Evaluation Board Evaluation Board Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. A | Page 27 of 28 Package Option ST-52 ST-52 CP-56-1 CP-56-1 ST-52 ST-52 CP-56-1 CP-56-1 AD5360/AD5361 NOTES ©2007–2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D05761-0-2/08(A) Rev. A | Page 28 of 28