[AK8975/C] AK8975/AK8975C 3-axis Electronic Compass 1. Features A 3-axis electronic compass IC with high sensitive Hall sensor technology. Best adapted to pedestrian city navigation use for cell phone and other portable appliance. Functions: • 3-axis magnetometer device suitable for compass application • Built-in A to D Converter for magnetometer data out • 13 bit data out for each 3 axis magnetic components - Sensitivity: 0.3 µT / LSB typ. • Serial interface - I2C bus interface. Standard mode and Fast mode compliant with Philips I2C specification Ver.2.1 - 4-wire SPI • Operation mode: Power-down mode, Single Measurement mode, Self test mode and Fuse access mode. • DRDY function for measurement data ready • Magnetic sensor overflow monitor function • Built-in oscillator for internal clock source • Power on Reset circuit • Self test function with built-in internal magnetic source Operating temperatures: • -30°C to +85°C Operating supply voltage: • Analog power supply +2.4V to +3.6V • Digital Interface supply +1.65V to analog power supply voltage. Current consumption: • Power-down: 10 µA max. • Measurement: - Average power consumption at 8 Hz repetition rate: 350 µA typ. Package: AK8975 16-pin QFN package: AK8975C 14-pin WL-CSP (BGA): MS1187-E-02 4.0 mm × 4.0 mm × 0.75 mm 2.0 mm × 2.0 mm × 0.6 mm -1- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 2. Overview AK8975/C is 3-axis electronic compass IC with high sensitive Hall sensor technology. Small package of AK8975/C incorporates magnetic sensors for detecting terrestrial magnetism in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, a sensor driving circuit, signal amplifier chain, and an arithmetic circuit for processing the signal from each sensor. Self test function is also incorporated. From its compact foot print and thin package feature, it is suitable for map heading up purpose in GPS-equipped cell phone to realize pedestrian navigation function. AK8975/C has the following features: (1) Silicon monolithic Hall-effect magnetic sensor with magnetic concentrator realizes 3-axis magnetometer on a silicon chip. Analog circuit, digital logic, power block and interface block are also integrated on a chip. (2) Wide dynamic measurement range and high resolution with lower current consumption. Output data resolution: 13 bit (0.3 µT / LSB) Measurement range: ±1200 µT Average power consumption at 8Hz repetition rate: 350 µA typ. (3) Digital serial interface - I2C bus interface to control AK8975/C functions and to read out the measured data by external CPU. A dedicated power supply for I2C bus interface can work in low-voltage apply as low as 1.65V. - 4-wire SPI is also supported. A dedicated power supply for SPI can work in low-voltage apply as low as 1.65V. (4) DRDY pin and register inform to system that measurement is end and set of data in registers are ready to be read. (5) Device is worked by on-chip oscillator so no external clock source is necessary. (6) Self test function with internal magnetic source to confirm magnetic sensor operation on end products. MS1187-E-02 -2- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 3. Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. Features ....................................................................................................................................1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................2 Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................3 Circuit Configuration ..................................................................................................................5 4.1. Block Diagram ....................................................................................................................5 4.2. Block Function....................................................................................................................5 4.3. Pin Function .......................................................................................................................6 5. Overall Characteristics ..............................................................................................................7 5.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings................................................................................................7 5.2. Recommended Operating Conditions ................................................................................7 5.3. Electrical Characteristics ....................................................................................................7 5.3.1. DC Characteristics ......................................................................................................7 5.3.2. AC Characteristics ......................................................................................................8 5.3.3. Analog Circuit Characteristics .....................................................................................8 5.3.4. 4-wire SPI ...................................................................................................................9 5.3.5. I2C Bus Interface .......................................................................................................10 6. Functional Explanation ............................................................................................................ 11 6.1. Power States .................................................................................................................... 11 6.2. Reset Functions ............................................................................................................... 11 6.3. Operation Modes..............................................................................................................12 6.4. Description of Each Operation Mode................................................................................13 6.4.1. Power-down Mode ....................................................................................................13 6.4.2. Single Measurement Mode .......................................................................................13 6.4.2.1. Data Ready ........................................................................................................13 6.4.2.2. Data Error ..........................................................................................................14 6.4.2.3. Magnetic Sensor Overflow .................................................................................14 6.4.3. Self-test Mode ...........................................................................................................15 6.4.4. Fuse ROM Access Mode ..........................................................................................15 7. Serial Interface ........................................................................................................................16 7.1. 4-wire SPI.........................................................................................................................16 7.1.1. Writing Data ..............................................................................................................16 7.1.2. Reading Data ............................................................................................................17 7.2. I2C Bus Interface ..............................................................................................................18 7.2.1. Data Transfer ............................................................................................................18 7.2.1.1. Change of Data..................................................................................................18 7.2.1.2. Start/Stop Condition ...........................................................................................18 7.2.1.3. Acknowledge......................................................................................................19 7.2.1.4. Slave Address ....................................................................................................19 7.2.2. WRITE Instruction .....................................................................................................20 7.2.3. READ Instruction.......................................................................................................21 7.2.3.1. One Byte READ .................................................................................................21 7.2.3.2. Multiple Byte READ ...........................................................................................21 8. Registers .................................................................................................................................22 8.1. Description of Registers ...................................................................................................22 8.2. Register Map....................................................................................................................23 8.3. Detailed Description of Registers .....................................................................................24 8.3.1. WIA: Device ID..........................................................................................................24 8.3.2. INFO: Information......................................................................................................24 8.3.3. ST1: Status 1.............................................................................................................24 8.3.4. HXL to HZH: Measurement Data...............................................................................25 8.3.5. ST2: Status 2.............................................................................................................26 8.3.6. CNTL: Control ...........................................................................................................26 8.3.7. RSV: Reserved .........................................................................................................27 8.3.8. ASTC: Self Test Control ............................................................................................27 8.3.9. TS1, TS2: Test 1, 2 ...................................................................................................27 8.3.10. I2CDIS: I2C Disable...................................................................................................27 8.3.11. ASAX, ASAY, ASAZ: Sensitivity Adjustment values...................................................28 MS1187-E-02 -3- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 9. Example of Recommended External Connection ....................................................................29 9.1. I2C Bus Interface ..............................................................................................................29 9.2. 4-wire SPI.........................................................................................................................30 10. Package ..................................................................................................................................31 10.1. Marking ............................................................................................................................31 10.2. Pin Assignment ................................................................................................................31 10.3. Outline Dimensions ..........................................................................................................32 10.4. Recommended Foot Print Pattern ....................................................................................33 11. Relationship between the Magnetic Field and Output Code....................................................34 MS1187-E-02 -4- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 4. Circuit Configuration 4.1. Block Diagram 3-axis Hall sensor Chopper SW PreAMP Integrator ADC MUX OSC1 HE-Drive Magnetic source Interface, Logic & Register Timing Control Voltage Reference SCL/SK SDA/SI CSB SO DRDY POR CAD0 4.2. CAD1 TST1 TST2 RSV TST6 VSS VDD FUSE ROM VID Block Function Block 3-axis Hall sensor MUX Chopper SW HE-Drive Pre-AMP Integrator & ADC OSC1 POR Interface Logic Timing Control Magnetic Source FUSE ROM MS1187-E-02 Function Monolithic Hall elements. Multiplexer for selecting Hall elements. Performs chopping. Magnetic sensor drive circuit for constant-current driving of sensor Variable-gain differential amplifier used to amplify the magnetic sensor signal. Integrates and amplifies pre-AMP output and performs analog-to-digital conversion. Generates an operating clock for sensor measurement. 6.144MHz(typ.) Power On Reset circuit. Generates reset signal on rising edge of VDD. Exchanges data with an external CPU. DRDY pin indicates sensor measurement end and data is ready to be read. I2C bus interface using two pins, namely, SCL and SDA. Standard mode and Fast mode are supported. The low-voltage specification can be supported by applying 1.65V to the VID pin. 4-wire SPI is also supported by SK, SI, SO and CSB pins. 4-wire SPI works in VID pin voltage down to 1.65V, too. Generates a timing signal required for internal operation from a clock generated by the OSC1. Generates magnetic field for self test of magnetic sensor. Fuse for adjustment -5- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 4.3. Pin Function Pin No. Pin Power I/O supply Type 75 75C name 1 A1 TST1 O VDD ANALOG 2 A2 CSB I VID CMOS 3 A4 RSV I VID CMOS Function system Test pin. Hi-Z output. Keep this pin electrically nonconnected. Chip select pin for 4-wire SPI. 2 “L” active. Connect to VID when selecting I C bus interface. Reserved pin. Keep this pin electrically nonconnected or connect to VSS. 2 When the I C bus interface is selected (CSB pin is connected to VID) SCL 4 A3 I VID CMOS SCL: Control data clock input pin Input: Schmidt trigger When the 4-wire SPI is selected SK SK: Serial clock input pin 2 When the I C bus interface is selected (CSB pin is connected to VID) SDA 5 I/O D4 SDA: Control data input/output pin VID SI CMOS Input: Schmidt trigger, Output: Open drain When the 4-wire SPI is selected I SI: Serial data input pin 2 When the I C bus interface is selected (CSB pin is connected to VID) 6 B4 SO O VID CMOS Hi-Z output. Keep this pin electrically nonconnected. When the 4-wire SPI is selected Serial data output pin 7 C4 VID 8 - NC1 9 B3 TST6 - - Power Digital interface positive power supply pin. Non-contact pin. Keep this pin electrically nonconnected. Test pin. O VID CMOS Vss output. Keep this pin electrically nonconnected or connect to VSS.. Data ready signal output pin. 10 C3 DRDY O VID CMOS Active “H”. Informs measurement ended and data is ready to be read. 2 When the I C bus interface is selected (CSB pin is connected to VID) CAD1: Slave address 1 input pin 11 D2 CAD1 I VDD CMOS Connect to VSS or VDD. When the 4-wire serial interface is selected Connect to VSS. 12 - NC2 Non-contact pin. Keep this pin electrically nonconnected. 2 When the I C bus interface is selected (CSB pin is connected to VID) CAD0: Slave address 0 input pin 13 D1 CAD0 I VDD CMOS Connect to VSS or VDD. When the 4-wire serial interface is selected Connect to VSS. Test pin. 14 C2 TST2 O VDD ANALOG 15 C1 VSS - - Power Ground pin. 16 B1 VDD - - Power Analog Power supply pin. MS1187-E-02 Hi-Z output. Keep this pin electrically nonconnected. -6- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 5. Overall Characteristics 5.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Vss=0V Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit V+ -0.3 +6.5 Power supply voltage V (Vdd, Vid) VIN -0.3 (V+)+0.3 Input voltage V IIN mA Input current ±10 TST -40 +125 Storage temperature °C (Note 1) If the device is used in conditions exceeding these values, the device may be destroyed. Normal operations are not guaranteed in such exceeding conditions. 5.2. Recommended Operating Conditions Vss=0V Parameter Operating temperature Power supply voltage 5.3. Remark VDD pin voltage VID pin voltage Symbol Ta Vdd Vid Min. -30 2.4 1.65 Typ. 3.0 Max. +85 3.6 Vdd Unit °C V V Electrical Characteristics The following conditions apply unless otherwise noted: Vdd=2.4V to 3.6V, Vid=1.65V to Vdd, Temperature range=-30°C to 85°C 5.3.1. DC Characteristics Parameter High level input voltage 1 Symbol VIH1 Low level input voltage 1 High level input voltage 2 Low level input voltage 2 High level input voltage 3 Low level input voltage 3 Input current VIL1 VIH2 VIL2 VIH3 VIL3 IIN Hysteresis input voltage (Note 2) VHS High level output voltage 1 Low level output voltage 1 Low level output voltage 2 (Note 3)(Note 4) Current consumption VOH1 VOL1 VOL2 SO DRDY SDA IDD1 VDD VID IDD2 IDD3 (Note 6) Pin CSB SK SI SCL SDA CAD0 CAD1 SCL SK SDA SI CSB SCL SDA Condition Min. 70%Vid Typ. Max. Unit V 30%Vid 30%Vdd +10 V V V V V μA 3 20%Vid 0.4 20%Vid 10 V V V V V V μA 6 10 mA 10.3 15 mA 70%Vid 30%Vid 70%Vdd Vin=Vss or Vid Vid≥2V Vid<2V IOH≥-100µA (Note 5) IOL≤+100µA (Note 5) IOL≤3mA Vid≥2V IOL≤3mA Vid<2V Power-down mode Vdd=Vid=3.0V When magnetic sensor is driven Self-test mode -10 5%Vid 10%Vid 80%Vid (Note 2) Schmitt trigger input (reference value for design) (Note 3) Maximum load capacitance: 400pF (capacitive load of each bus line applied to the I2C bus interface) (Note 4) Output is open-drain. Connect a pull-up resistor externally. (Note 5) Load capacitance: 20pF (Note 6) Reference value for design. MS1187-E-02 -7- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 5.3.2. AC Characteristics Parameter Power supply rise time (Note 7) Symbol tPUP Power-down mode transit time (Note 7) Wait time before mode setting Pin VDD VDD Condition Period of time from 10%Vdd to 90%Vdd (Note 8) Period of time from 90%Vdd at power-on to Power-down mode Twat Min. 100 Typ. Max. 200 Unit µs 100 µs μs (Note 7) Reference value for design (Note 8) Only when VDD meets this condition, POR circuit starts and resets AK8975/C. After reset, all registers are initialized and AK8975/C transits to Power-down mode. tPUP 90%Vdd 10%Vdd 5.3.3. Analog Circuit Characteristics Parameter Symbol Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit DBIT 13 bit Measurement data output bit TSM Single measurement mode 7.3 9 ms Time for measurement BSE 0.285 0.3 0.315 μT/LSB Magnetic sensor sensitivity Tc=25°C (Note 9) BRG Tc=25°C (Note 9) ±1229 Magnetic sensor measurement μT range (Note 10) Tc=25°C -1000 +1000 LSB Magnetic sensor initial offset (Note 11) (Note 9) Value after sensitivity is adjusted using sensitivity fine adjustment data stored in Fuse ROM. (Refer to 8.3.11 for how to adjust.) (Note 10) Reference value for design (Note 11) Value of measurement data register on shipment without applying magnetic field on purpose. MS1187-E-02 -8- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 5.3.4. 4-wire SPI 4-wire SPI is compliant with mode 3 Parameter Symbol CSB setup time Tcs Data setup time Ts Data hold time Th SK high time Twh SK low time Twl Condition Vid≥2.5V 2.5V>Vid≥1.65V Vid≥2.5V 2.5V>Vid≥1.65V SK setup time Tsd SK to SO delay time Tdd (Note 12) CSB to SO delay time Tcd (Note 12) SK rise time (Note 13) Tr SK fall time (Note 13) Tf CSB high time Tch (Note 12) SO load capacitance: 20pF (Note 13) Reference value for design. Min. 50 50 50 100 150 100 150 50 Typ. Max. 50 Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 50 ns 100 100 ns ns ns 150 [4-wire SPI] Tch Tcs Tsd CSB Ts Th Tdd Twh Tcd Twl SK SI Hi-Z Hi-Z SO [Rise time and fall time] Tr Tf 0.9Vid 0.1Vid SK MS1187-E-02 -9- 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 5.3.5. I2C Bus Interface CSB pin = “H” I2C bus interface is compliant with Standard mode and Fast mode. Standard/Fast mode is selected automatically by fSCL. (1) Standard mode fSCL≤100kHz 1.65V≤Vid≤Vdd Symbol Parameter fSCL SCL clock frequency tHIGH SCL clock "High" time tLOW SCL clock "Low" time tR SDA and SCL rise time tF SDA and SCL fall time tHD:STA Start Condition hold time tSU:STA Start Condition setup time tHD:DAT SDA hold time (vs. SCL falling edge) tSU:DAT SDA setup time (vs. SCL rising edge) tSU:STO Stop Condition setup time tBUF Bus free time Min. Typ. Max. 100 Unit kHz μs μs μs μs μs μs μs ns μs μs 4.0 4.7 1.0 0.3 4.0 4.7 0 250 4.0 4.7 (2) Fast mode 100kHz<fSCL≤400kHz 1.65V≤Vid≤Vdd Symbol Parameter fSCL SCL clock frequency tHIGH SCL clock "High" time tLOW SCL clock "Low" time tR SDA and SCL rise time tF SDA and SCL fall time tHD:STA Start Condition hold time tSU:STA Start Condition setup time tHD:DAT SDA hold time (vs. SCL falling edge) tSU:DAT SDA setup time (vs. SCL rising edge) tSU:STO Stop Condition setup time tBUF Bus free time tSP Noise suppression pulse width Min. Typ. Max. 400 Unit kHz μs μs μs μs μs μs μs ns μs μs ns 0.6 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0 100 0.6 1.3 50 [I2C bus interface timing] 1/fSCL VIH3 SCL VIL3 VIH3 SDA VIL3 tLOW tBUF tR tHIGH tF tSP VIH3 SCL VIL3 tHD:STA Stop Start MS1187-E-02 tHD:DAT tSU:DAT tSU:STA tSU:STO Start Stop - 10 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 6. Functional Explanation 6.1. Power States When VDD and VID are turned on from Vdd=OFF (0V) and Vid=OFF (0V), all registers in AK8975/C are initialized by POR circuit and AK8975/C transits to Power-down mode. All the states in the table below can be set, although the transition from state 2 to state 3 and the transition from state 3 to state 2 are prohibited. States 1 6.2. VDD OFF (0V) 2 3 OFF (0V) 2.4V to 3.6V 4 2.4V to 3.6V VID OFF (0V) Power states OFF (0V). SCL, SDA should be fixed to the voltage that does not exceed 3.6V. Other digital pins should be fixed to L(0V). 1.65V to 3.6V OFF (0V). It doesn’t affect external interface. OFF (0V) OFF (0V). It consumes current same as Power-down mode. SCL, SDA should be fixed to the voltage that does not exceed 3.6V. Other digital pins should be fixed to L (0V). 1.65V to Vdd ON Table 6.1 Reset Functions AK8975/C has two types of reset; (1) Power on reset (POR) When Vdd reaches approximately 2V (reference value for design), POR circuit operates, and AK8975/C is reset. (2) VID monitor When Vid is turned OFF (0V), AK8975/C is reset. When AK8975/C is reset, all registers are initialized and AK8975/C transits to Power-down mode. MS1187-E-02 - 11 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 6.3. Operation Modes AK8975/C has following four operation modes: (1) Power-down mode (2) Single measurement mode (3) Self-test mode (4) Fuse ROM access mode By setting CNTL register MODE[3:0] bits, the operation set for each mode is started. A transition from one mode to another is shown below. Power-down MOD E[3:0]=“0001” mode Single m easurement mode Sensor is measured for one time and data is output. Transit s to Power-down m ode automatically after measurement ended. Transits automatically MOD E[3:0]=“0000” MOD E[3:0]=“1000” Self-test m ode Sensor is self-tested and the result is output. Transits to Power-down m ode automatically. Transits automatically MOD E[3:0]=“0000” MODE[3:0]=“1111” MODE[3:0]=“0000” Fuse R OM access m ode Turn on the circuit needed to read out Fuse ROM. Transits to Power-down mode by writing MODE[3:0]=“0000”. Figure 6.1 Operation modes When power is turned ON, AK8975/C is in power-down mode. When MODE[3:0] is set, AK8975/C transits to the specified mode and starts operation. When user wants to change operation mode, transit to power-down mode first and then transit to other modes. After power-down mode is set, at least 100μs(Twat) is needed before setting another mode. MS1187-E-02 - 12 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 6.4. Description of Each Operation Mode 6.4.1. Power-down Mode Power to all internal circuits is turned off. All registers except fuse ROM are accessible in power-down mode. Data stored in read/write registers are remained. 6.4.2. Single Measurement Mode When single measurement mode (MODE[3:0]=“0001”) is set, sensor is measured, and after sensor measurement and signal processing is finished, measurement data is stored to measurement data registers (HXL to HZH), then AK8975/C transits to power-down mode automatically. On transition to power-down mode, MODE[3:0] turns to “0000”. At the same time, DRDY bit in ST1 register turns to “1”. This is called “Data Ready”. When any of measurement data register (HXL to HZH) or ST2 register is read, or operation mode is changed from power-down mode to other mode, DRDY bit turns to “0”. DRDY pin is in the same state as DRDY bit. Operation Mode: Power-down Single measuremnet (1) (2) (3) IndefiniteData(2) IndefiniteData(3) Measurement period Measurement Data Register Last Data IndefiniteMeasurement Data (1) DRDY Register Read Register Write Data Register Data Register MODE[3:0]="0001" MODE[3:0]="0001" MODE[3:0]="0001" Figure 6.2 Single measurement mode 6.4.2.1. Data Ready When measurement data is stored and ready to be read, DRDY bit in ST1 register turns to “1”. This is called “Data Ready”. DRDY pin is in the same state as DRDY bit. When measurement is performed correctly, AK8975/C becomes Data Ready on transition to Power-down mode (PD) after measurement. The period from the end of Nth measurement to the start of (N+1)th measurement is called “Data Readable Period”. Stored measurement data should be read during Data Readable Period. (N-1)th PD Nth Measurement (N+1)th Measurement PD PD Data Readable Period Data Readable Period Figure 6.3 Data Readable Period MS1187-E-02 - 13 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 6.4.2.2. Data Error When data reading is started out of data readable period, read data is not correct. In this case, DERR bit of ST2 register turns to “1” so that read data can be checked at the end of data reading. DERR turns to “0” when ST2 register is read. (N-1)th PD Nth Measurement (N+1)th Measurement PD Data Readable Period Measurement Data Register (N-1)th Indefinite Nth PD Data Readable Period Indefinite (N+1)th Ind DRDY DERR Register Read ST1 Data ST2 Register ST1 Data ST2 Register ST1 Data ST2 Register Figure 6.4 Data Error 6.4.2.3. Magnetic Sensor Overflow AK8975/C has the limitation for measurement range that the sum of absolute values of each axis should be smaller than 2400μT. |X|+|Y|+|Z| < 2400μT When the magnetic field exceeded this limitation, data stored at measurement data are not correct. This is called Magnetic Sensor Overflow. When magnetic sensor overlow occurs, HOFL bit turns to “1”. When the next measurement starts, it returns to “0”. MS1187-E-02 - 14 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 6.4.3. Self-test Mode Self-test mode is used to check if the sensor is working normally. When self-test mode (MODE[3:0]=“1000”) is set, magnetic field is generated by the internal magnetic source and sensor is measured. Measurement data is stored to measurement data registers (HXL to HZH), then AK8975/C transits to power-down mode automatically. Before setting self-test mode, write “1” to SELF bit of ASTC register. Data read sequence and functions of read-only registers in self-test mode is the same as single measurement mode. When self-test is end, write “0” to SELF bit then proceed to other operation. <Self-test Sequence> (1) Set Power-down mode (2) Write “1” to SELF bit of ASTC register (3) Set Self-test Mode (4) Check Data Ready or not by any of the following method. - Polling DRDY bit of ST1 register - Monitor DRDY pin When Data Ready, proceed to the next step. (5) Read measurement data (HXL to HZH) (6) Write “0” to SELF bit of ASTC register <Self-test Judgement> When measurement data read by the above sequence is in the range of following table after sensitivity adjustment (refer to 8.3.11), AK8975/C is working normally. Criteria HX[15:0] HY[15:0] HZ[15:0] -100≤X≤+100 -100≤Y≤+100 -1000≤Z≤-300 6.4.4. Fuse ROM Access Mode Fuse ROM access mode is used to read Fuse ROM data.Sensitivity adjustment data for each axis is stored in fuse ROM. These data are used in calculation of direction by the external CPU. When Fuse ROM mode (MODE[3:0]=“1111”) is set, circuits reauired for reading fuse ROM are turned on. After reading fuse ROM data, set power-down mode (MODE[3:0]=“0000”). MS1187-E-02 - 15 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 7. Serial Interface AK8975/C supports I2C bus interface and 4-wire SPI. A selection is made by CSB pin. When used as 3-wire SPI, set SI pin and SO pin wired-OR externally. CSB pin=“L”: 4-wire SPI CSB pin=“H”: I2C bus interface 7.1. 4-wire SPI The 4-wire SPI consists of four digital signal lines: SK, SI, SO, and CSB. It is compliant with sequencial read operation. Data consists of Read/Write control bit (R/W), register address (7bits) and control data (8bits). CSB pin is low active. Input data is taken in on the rising edge of SK pin, and output data is changed on the falling edge of SK pin. (SPI MODE3) Communication starts when CSB pin transits to “L” and stops when CSB pin transits to “H”. SK pin must be “H” during CSB pin is in transition. Also, it is prohibited to change SI pin during CSB pin is “H” and SK pin is “H”. 7.1.1. Writing Data Input 16 bits data on SI pin in synchronous with the 16-bit serial clock input on SK pin. Out of 16 bits input data, the first 8 bits specify the R/W control bit (R/W=“0” when writing) and register address (7bits), and the latter 8 bits are control data (8bits). When any of addresses listed on Table 8.1 is input, AK8975/C recognizes that it is selected and takes in latter 8 bits as setting data. If the number of clock pulses is less than 16, no data is written. If the number of clock pulses is more than 16, data after the 16th clock pulse on SI pin are ignored. It is not compliant with sereal write operation for multiple addresses. CSB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SK SI RW D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 (INPUT) SO Hi-Z (OUTPUT) Figure 7.1 4-wire SPI Writing Data MS1187-E-02 - 16 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 7.1.2. Reading Data Input the R/W control bit (R/W=“1”) and 7 bit register address on SI pin in synchronous with the first 8 bits of the 16 bits of a serial clock input on SK pin. Then AK8975/C outputs the data held in the specified register with MSB first from SO pin. When clocks are input continuously after one byte of data is read, the address is incremented and data in the next address is output. Accordingly, after the falling edge of the 15th clock and CSB pin is “L”, the data in the next address is output on SO pin. When CSB pin is driven “L” to “H”, SO pin is placed in the high-impedance state. AK8975/C has two incrementation lines; 00H to 0CH and 10H to 12H. For example, data is read as follows: 00H -> 01H ... -> 0BH -> 0CH -> 00H -> 01H ..., and 10H -> 11H -> 12H -> 10H … When specified address is other than 00H to 12H, AK8975/C recognizes that it is not selected and keeps SO pin in high-impedance state. Therefore, user can use other addresses for other devices. CSB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RW A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SK SI (INPUT) SO (OUTPUT) Hi-Z Hi-Z D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Figure 7.2 4-wire SPI Reading Data MS1187-E-02 - 17 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 7.2. I2C Bus Interface The I2C bus interface of AK8975/C supports the standard mode (100 kHz max.) and the fast mode (400 kHz max.). 7.2.1. Data Transfer To access AK8975/C on the bus, generate a start condition first. Next, transmit a one-byte slave address including a device address. At this time, AK8975/C compares the slave address with its own address. If these addresses match, AK8975/C generates an acknowledgement, and then executes READ or WRITE instruction. At the end of instruction execution, generate a stop condition. 7.2.1.1. Change of Data A change of data on the SDA line must be made during "Low" period of the clock on the SCL line. When the clock signal on the SCL line is "High", the state of the SDA line must be stable. (Data on the SDA line can be changed only when the clock signal on the SCL line is "Low".) During the SCL line is "High", the state of data on the SDA line is changed only when a start condition or a stop condition is generated. SCL SDA DATA LINE STABLE : DATA VALID CHANGE OF DATA ALLOWED Figure 7.3 Data Change 7.2.1.2. Start/Stop Condition If the SDA line is driven to "Low" from "High" when the SCL line is "High", a start condition is generated. Any instruction starts with a start condition. If the SDA line is driven to "High" from "Low" when the SCL line is "High", a stop condition is generated. Any instruction stops with a stop condition. SCL SDA START CONDITION STOP CONDITION Figure 7.4 Start and Stop Conditions MS1187-E-02 - 18 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 7.2.1.3. Acknowledge The IC that is transmitting data releases the SDA line (in the "High" state) after sending 1-byte data. The IC that receives the data drives the SDA line to "Low" on the next clock pulse. This operation is referred to acknowledge. With this operation, whether data has been transferred successfully can be checked. AK8975/C generates an acknowledge after reception of a start condition and slave address. When a WRITE instruction is executed, AK8975/C generates an acknowledge after every byte is received. When a READ instruction is executed, AK8975/C generates an acknowledge then transfers the data stored at the specified address. Next, AK8975/C releases the SDA line then monitors the SDA line. If a master IC generates an acknowledge instead of a stop condition, AK8975/C transmits the 8bit data stored at the next address. If no acknowledge is generated, AK8975/C stops data transmission. Clock pulse for acknowledge SCL FROM MASTER 1 8 9 DATA OUTPUT BY TRANSMITTER not acknowledge DATA OUTPUT BY RECEIVER START CONDITION acknowledge Figure 7.5 Generation of Acknowledge 7.2.1.4. Slave Address The slave address of AK8975/C can be selected from the following list by setting CAD0/1 pin. When CAD pin is fixed to VSS, the corresponding slave address bit is “0”. When CAD pin is fixed to VDD, the corresponding slave address bit is “1”. CAD1 CAD0 Slave Address 0 0 0CH 0 1 0DH 1 0 0EH 1 1 0FH Table 7.1 Slave Address and CAD0/1 pin The first byte including a slave address is transmitted after a start condition, and an IC to be accessed is selected from the ICs on the bus according to the slave address. When a slave address is transferred, the IC whose device address matches the transferred slave address generates an acknowledge then executes an instruction. The 8th bit (least significant bit) of the first byte is a R/W bit. When the R/W bit is set to "1", READ instruction is executed. When the R/W bit is set to "0", WRITE instruction is executed. MSB 0 LSB 0 0 1 1 CAD1 CAD0 R/W Figure 7.6 Slave Address MS1187-E-02 - 19 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 7.2.2. WRITE Instruction When the R/W bit is set to "0", AK8975/C performs write operation. In write operation, AK8975/C generates an acknowledge after receiving a start condition and the first byte (slave address) then receives the second byte. The second byte is used to specify the address of an internal control register and is based on the MSB-first configuration. MSB A7 LSB A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 Figure 7.7 Register Address After receiving the second byte (register address), AK8975/C generates an acknowledge then receives the third byte. The third and the following bytes represent control data. Control data consists of 8 bits and is based on the MSB-first configuration. AK8975/C generates an acknowledge after every byte is received. Data transfer always stops with a stop condition generated by the master. MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Figure 7.8 Control Data AK8975/C can write multiple bytes of data at a time. After reception of the third byte (control data), AK8975/C generates an acknowledge then receives the next data. If additional data is received instead of a stop condition after receiving one byte of data, the address counter inside the LSI chip is automatically incremented and the data is written at the next address. The address is incremented from 00H to 0CH or from 10H to12H. When the address is in the range from 00H to 0CH, the address goes back to 00H after 0CH. When the address is in the range from 10H to 12H, the address goes back to 10H after 12H. Actual data is written only to Read/Write registers (0AH to 0FH). S T A R T SDA S S T O P R/W="0" Slave Address Register Address(n) A C K Data(n+1) Data(n) A C K A C K Data(n+x) A C K A C K P A C K Figure 7.9 WRITE Instruction MS1187-E-02 - 20 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 7.2.3. READ Instruction When the R/W bit is set to "1", AK8975/C performs read operation. If a master IC generates an acknowledge instead of a stop condition after AK8975/C transfers the data at a specified address, the data at the next address can be read. Address can be from 00H to 0CH and/or from 10H to 12H.When address is counted up to 0CH in the range of 00H to 0CH, the next address returns to 00H. When address is counted up to 12H in the range of 10H to 12H, the next address returns to 10H. AK8975/C supports one byte read and multiple byte read. 7.2.3.1. One Byte READ AK8975/C has an address counter inside the LSI chip. In current address read operation, the data at an address specified by this counter is read. The internal address counter holds the next address of the most recently accessed address. For example, if the address most recently accessed (for READ instruction) is address "n", and a current address read operation is attempted, the data at address "n+1" is read. In one byte read operation, AK8975/C generates an acknowledge after receiving a slave address for the READ instruction (R/W bit="1"). Next, AK8975/C transfers the data specified by the internal address counter starting with the next clock pulse, then increments the internal counter by one. If the master IC generates a stop condition instead of an acknowledge after AK8975/C transmits one byte of data, the read operation stops. S T A R T SDA S S T O P R/W="1" Slave Address Data(n) A C K Data(n+1) A C K Data(n+x) Data(n+2) A C K A C K P A C K Figure 7.10 One Byte READ 7.2.3.2. Multiple Byte READ By multiple byte read operation, data at an arbitrary address can be read. The multiple byte read operation requires to execute WRITE instruction as dummy before a slave address for the READ instruction (R/W bit="1") is transmitted. In random read operation, a start condition is first generated then a slave address for the WRITE instruction (R/W bit="0") and a read address are transmitted sequentially. After AK8975/C generates an acknowledge in response to this address transmission, a start condition and a slave address for the READ instruction (R/W bit="1") are generated again. AK8975/C generates an acknowledge in response to this slave address transmission. Next, AK8975/C transfers the data at the specified address then increments the internal address counter by one. If the master IC generates a stop condition instead of an acknowledge after data is transferred, the read operation stops. S T A R T SDA S S T A R T R/W="0" Slave Address Register Address(n) A C K S A C K S T O P R/W="1" Slave Address A C K Data(n+x) Data(n+1) Data(n) A C K A C K P A C K Figure 7.11 Multiple Byte READ MS1187-E-02 - 21 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 8. Registers 8.1. Description of Registers AK8975/C has registers of 19 addresses as indicated in Table 8.1. Every address consists of 8 bits data. Data is transferred to or received from the external CPU via the serial interface described previously. Name Address WIA INFO ST1 HXL HXH HYL HYH HZL HZH ST2 CNTL 00H 01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H 07H 08H 09H 0AH RSV 0BH ASTC 0CH TS1 0DH TS2 0EH I2CDIS 0FH ASAX ASAY ASAZ 10H 11H 12H READ/ WRITE READ READ READ READ READ READ/ WRITE READ/ WRITE READ/ WRITE READ/ WRITE READ/ WRITE READ/ WRITE READ READ READ Status 2 Control Bit width 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Reserved 8 Self-test 8 Test 1 8 DO NOT ACCESS Test 2 8 DO NOT ACCESS I2C disable 8 X-axis sensitivity adjustment value Y-axis sensitivity adjustment value Z-axis sensitivity adjustment value Table 8.1 Register Table 8 8 8 Description Device ID Information Status 1 Measurement data Explanation Data status X-axis data Y-axis data Z-axis data Data status DO NOT ACCESS Fuse ROM Fuse ROM Fuse ROM Addresses from 00H to 0CH and from 10H to 12H are compliant with automatic increment function of serial interface respectively. Values of addresses from 10H to 12H can be read only in Fuse access mode. In other modes, read data is not correct. MS1187-E-02 - 22 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 8.2. Register Map Register D7 Name Read-only Register 00H WIA 0 01H INFO INFO7 02H ST1 0 03H HXL HX7 04H HXH HX15 05H HYL HY7 06H HYH HY15 07H HZL HZ7 08H HZH HZ15 09H ST2 0 Write/read Register 0AH CNTL 0 0BH RSV 0CH ASTC 0DH TS1 0EH TS2 0FH I2CDIS Read-only Register 10H ASAX COEFX7 11H ASAY COEFY7 12H ASAZ COEFZ7 Addr D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 INFO6 0 HX6 HX14 HY6 HY14 HZ6 HZ14 0 0 INFO5 0 HX5 HX13 HY5 HY13 HZ5 HZ13 0 0 INFO4 0 HX4 HX12 HY4 HY12 HZ4 HZ12 0 1 INFO3 0 HX3 HX11 HY3 HY11 HZ3 HZ11 HOFL 0 INFO2 0 HX2 HX10 HY2 HY10 HZ2 HZ10 DERR 0 INFO1 0 HX1 HX9 HY1 HY9 HZ1 HZ9 0 0 INFO0 DRDY HX0 HX8 HY0 HY8 HZ0 HZ8 0 0 SELF - 0 - 0 - MODE3 - MODE2 - COEFX6 COEFY6 COEFZ6 COEFX5 COEFX4 COEFY5 COEFY4 COEFZ5 COEFZ4 Table 8.2 Register Map MODE1 MODE0 I2CDIS COEFX3 COEFX2 COEFX1 COEFX0 COEFY3 COEFY2 COEFY1 COEFY0 COEFZ3 COEFZ2 COEFZ1 COEFZ0 When VDD is turned ON, POR function works and all registers of AK8975/C are initialized regardless of VID status. To write data to or to read data from register, VID must be ON. TS1 and TS2 are test registers for shipment test. Do not use these registers. RSV is reserved register. Do not use this register. MS1187-E-02 - 23 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 8.3. Detailed Description of Registers 8.3.1. WIA: Device ID Register Addr name Read-only register 00H WIA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Device ID of AKM. It is described in one byte and fixed value. 48H: fixed 8.3.2. INFO: Information Register Addr D7 name Read-only register 01H INFO INFO7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 INFO6 INFO5 INFO4 INFO3 INFO2 INFO1 INFO0 INFO[7:0]: Device information for AKM. 8.3.3. ST1: Status 1 Register Addr name Read-only register 02H ST1 Reset D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DRDY 0 DRDY: Data Ready "0": Normal "1": Data is ready DRDY bit turns to “1” when data is ready in single measurement mode or self-test mode. It returns to “0” when any one of ST2 register or measurement data register (HXL to HZH) is read. MS1187-E-02 - 24 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 8.3.4. HXL to HZH: Measurement Data Addr Register name D7 D6 Read-only register 03H HXL HX7 HX6 04H HXH HX15 HX14 05H HYL HY7 HY6 06H HYH HY15 HY14 07H HZL HZ7 HZ6 08H HZH HZ15 HZ14 Reset 0 0 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 HX5 HX13 HY5 HY13 HZ5 HZ13 0 HX4 HX12 HY4 HY12 HZ4 HZ12 0 HX3 HX11 HY3 HY11 HZ3 HZ11 0 HX2 HX10 HY2 HY10 HZ2 HZ10 0 HX1 HX9 HY1 HY9 HZ1 HZ9 0 HX0 HX8 HY0 HY8 HZ0 HZ8 0 Measurement data of magnetic sensor X-axis/Y-axis/Z-axis HXL[7:0]: X-axis measurement data lower 8bit HXH[15:8]: X-axis measurement data higher 8bit HYL[7:0]: Y-axis measurement data lower 8bit HYH[15:8]: Y-axis measurement data higher 8bit HZL[7:0]: Z-axis measurement data lower 8bit HZH[15:8]: Z-axis measurement data higher 8bit Measuremnet data is stored in two’s complement and Little Endian format. Measurement range of each axis is from -4096 to +4095 in decimal. Measurement data (each axis) [15:0] Two’s complement Hex Decimal 0000 1111 1111 1111 0FFF 4095 | | | 0000 0000 0000 0001 0001 1 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 1111 1111 1111 1111 FFFF -1 | | | 1111 0000 0000 0000 F000 -4096 Table 8.3 Measurement data format MS1187-E-02 - 25 - Magnetic flux density [µT] 1229(max.) | 0.3 0 -0.3 | -1229(min.) 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 8.3.5. ST2: Status 2 Register Addr name Read-only register 09H ST2 Reset D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HOFL 0 DERR 0 0 0 0 0 DERR: Data Error "0": Normal "1": Data read error occurred When data reading is started out of data readable period, the read data are not correct. In this case, data read error occurs and DERR bit turns to 1 . When ST2 register is read, it returns to 0 . HOFL: Magnetic sensor overflow "0": Normal "1": Magnetic sensor overflow occurred In single measurement mode and self-test mode, magnetic sensor may overflow even though measurement data regiseter is not saturated. In this case, measurement data is not correct and HOFL bit turns to “1”. When next measurement stars, it returns to “0”. Refer to 6.4.2.3 for detailed information. 8.3.6. CNTL: Control Addr Register name Read-only register 0AH CNTL Reset D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MODE3 0 MODE2 0 MODE1 0 MODE0 0 MODE[3:0]: Operation mode setting "0000": Power-down mode "0001": Single measurement mode "1000": Self-test mode "1111": Fuse ROM access mode Other code settings are prohibited When each mode is set, AK8975/C transits to set mode. Refer to 6.3 for detailed information. When CNTL register is accessed to be written, registers from 02H to 09H are initialized. MS1187-E-02 - 26 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 8.3.7. RSV: Reserved Addr Register name Read-only register 0BH RSV Reset D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RSV register is reserved. Do not use this register. 8.3.8. ASTC: Self Test Control Addr Register name D7 Write/read register 0CH ASTC Reset 0 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 SELF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SELF: Self test control "0": Normal "1": Generate magnetic field for self-test Do not write “1” to any bit other than SELF bit in ASTC register. If “1” is written to any bit other than SELF bit, normal measurement can not be done. 8.3.9. TS1, TS2: Test 1, 2 Addr Register name D7 Write/read register 0DH TS1 0EH TS2 Reset 0 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TS1 and TS2 registers are test registers for shipment test. Do not use these registers. 8.3.10. I2CDIS: I2C Disable Addr Register name D7 D6 Write/read register 0FH I2CDIS Reset 0 0 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 0 I2CDIS 0 This register disables I2C bus interface. I2C bus interface is enabled in default. To disable I2C bus interface, write “00011011” to I2CDIS register. Then I2CDIS bit turns to “1” and I2C bus interface is disabled. Once I2CDIS is turned to “1” and I2C bus interface is disabled, re-setting I2CDIST to “0” is prohibited. To enable I2C bus interface, reset AK8975/C by turning VDD or VID to OFF (0V) once. MS1187-E-02 - 27 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 8.3.11. ASAX, ASAY, ASAZ: Sensitivity Adjustment values Register Addr D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 name Read-only register 10H ASAX COEFX7 COEFX6 COEFX5 COEFX4 COEFX3 COEFX2 COEFX1 COEFX0 11H ASAY COEFY7 COEFY6 COEFY5 COEFY4 COEFY3 COEFY2 COEFY1 COEFY0 12H ASAZ COEFZ7 COEFZ6 COEFZ5 COEFZ4 COEFZ3 COEFZ2 COEFZ1 COEFZ0 Reset Sensitivity adjustment data for each axis is stored to fuse ROM on shipment. ASAX[7:0]: Magnetic sensor X-axis sensitivity adjustment value ASAY[7:0]: Magnetic sensor Y-axis sensitivity adjustment value ASAZ[7:0]: Magnetic sensor Z-axis sensitivity adjustment value <How to adjust sensitivity> The sensitivity adjustment is done by the equation below; ⎛ ( ASA − 128) × 0.5 ⎞ Hadj = H × ⎜ + 1⎟ , 128 ⎝ ⎠ where H is the measurement data read out from the measurement data register, ASA is the sensitivity adjustment value, and Hadj is the adjusted measurement data. MS1187-E-02 - 28 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 9. Example of Recommended External Connection 9.1. 2 I C Bus Interface <AK8975> VDD POWER 2.4V~3.6V VID POWER 1.65V~Vdd Slave address select CAD1 CAD0 address VSS VSS 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 R/W VSS VDD 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 R/W VDD VSS 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 R/W VDD VDD 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 R/W Host CPU Interrupt 11 NC1 TST2 VSS VID (Top View) SO 3 8 open 7 6 SCL/SK 2 RSV CSB 1 open 0.1µF AK8975 VDD TST1 0.1µF TST6 16 DRDY 15 9 CAD0 14 open 10 CAD1 NC2 13 open open 12 SDA/SI open 5 I2C i/f 4 open or VSS Power for i/f <AK8975C> Same as AK8975 MS1187-E-02 - 29 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 9.2. 4-wire SPI <AK8975> VDD POWER 2.4V~3.6V VID POWER 1.65V~Vdd Host CPU Interrupt 11 NC1 AK8975 TST2 VID SCL/SK VDD 2 RSV CSB 1 3 8 open 7 SO 6 (Top View) VSS TST1 0.1µF TST6 16 DRDY 15 9 CAD0 14 open 10 CAD1 NC2 13 open open 12 SDA/SI 5 4-wireSPI i/f 4 open 0.1µF Power for i/f open or VSS <AK8975C> Same as AK8975 MS1187-E-02 - 30 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 10. Package 10.1. Marking <AK8975> • Company logo: AKM • Product name: 8975 • Date code: X1X2X3X4X5 = ID X1 = Year code X2 X3X4 = Week code = Lot X5 <AK8975C> • Product name: 8975C • Date code: X1X2X3X4X5 = ID X1 = Year code X2 X3X4 = Week code = Lot X5 8975C AKM 8975 X1X2X3X4X5 X1X2X3X4X5 <Top view> <Top view> 10.2. Pin Assignment <AK8975C> <AK8975> NC2 CAD1 DRDY TST6 12 11 10 9 CAD0 13 AKM 8975 XXXXX TST2 14 VSS 15 VDD 16 3 4 RSV SCL/SK TST1 2 CSB 1 4 3 D SDA /SI VID C VID 6 SO B SO TST6 5 SDA/SI A RSV SCL /SK 8 NC1 7 2 CAD1 1 CAD0 8975C XXXXX DRDY TST2 VSS VDD CSB TST1 <Top view> <Top view> MS1187-E-02 - 31 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 10.3. Outline Dimensions <AK8975> [mm] 4.00±0.10 2.6±0.10 B 13 16 9 AKM 8975 XXXXX 9 12 0.30 REF. 8 8 13 2.6±0.10 4.00±0.10 12 A C0.30. 5 16 5 0.40±0.10 1 4 4 1 0.65 REF. 0.30±0.05 16X 0.10 M C A B 0.75±0.05 0.08 C <AK8975C> [mm] 1.96 1.5 4 3 2 1 1 D B 3 4 D 8975C XXXXX 0.5 C 1.5 1.96 C 2 B A A 0.27±0.03 0.40 0.5 0.65 max. 0.19 0.075 C C MS1187-E-02 - 32 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 10.4. Recommended Foot Print Pattern <AK8975> [mm] <AK8975C> [mm] 4 3 2 1 D 0.5 C B A 0.5 0.25 MS1187-E-02 - 33 - 2010/05 [AK8975/C] 11. Relationship between the Magnetic Field and Output Code The measurement data increases as the magnetic flux density increases in the arrow directions. <AK8975> <AK8975C> Y X AKM 897 XXX 5 XX Z Y 897 5C XXX XX X Z Important Notice • These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. When you consider any use or application of these products, please make inquiries the sales office of Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation (AKM) or authorized distributors as to current status of the products. • AKM assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other rights in the application or use of any information contained herein. • Any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange, or strategic materials. • AKM products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical componentsNote1) in any safety, life support, or other hazard related device or systemNote2), and AKM assumes no responsibility for such use, except for the use approved with the express written consent by Representative Director of AKM. As used here: Note1) A critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability. Note2) A hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property. • It is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of AKM products, who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise places the product with a third party, to notify such third party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold AKM harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification MS1187-E-02 - 34 - 2010/05