CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Table of Contents Table of Contents...........................................................................................................3 Introduction ....................................................................................................................5 Core Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Key Features ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Supported Device Families ............................................................................................................................ 6 Core Version .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Supported Interfaces ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Utilization and Performance .......................................................................................................................... 7 Tool Flows ......................................................................................................................9 SmartDesign .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Example System .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Simulation .................................................................................................................................................... 11 Synthesis in Libero SoC .............................................................................................................................. 12 Place-and-Route in Libero SoC ................................................................................................................... 12 Connecting to External Memories .............................................................................. 13 Registers ...................................................................................................................... 21 Memory Map ................................................................................................................. 22 Interface Descriptions ................................................................................................. 23 Parameters/Generics ................................................................................................................................... 23 Ports ............................................................................................................................................................ 26 Waveforms ................................................................................................................... 27 Ordering Information ................................................................................................... 29 Ordering Codes ........................................................................................................................................... 29 List of Changes ............................................................................................................ 31 Product Support........................................................................................................... 33 Customer Service ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Customer Technical Support Center ........................................................................................................... 33 Technical Support ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Website ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 Contacting the Customer Technical Support Center ................................................................................... 33 ITAR Technical Support .............................................................................................................................. 34 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 3 Introduction Core Overview CoreMemCtrl is an advanced high-performance bus (AHB) slave component that interfaces to external flash and SRAM memory devices. Both synchronous and asynchronous SRAM are supported. The core is suitable for connection to either the CoreAHB or CoreAHBLite bus. CoreMemCtrl uses 256 MB of address space on the AHB or AHB-Lite bus to which it is connected. This address space is evenly split between flash and SRAM memory, so that up to 128 MB of each type of memory can be accessed. The core has a REMAP input, which can be used to swap the positions of flash and SRAM in the memory map. Various configuration options exist on the core to allow a variety of different memory devices to be supported. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of CoreMemCtrl. Note: CoreMemCtrl v2.1 is not pin compatible with previous versions of the core. CoreMemCtrl v2.1 has only a single AHB interface, whereas earlier versions had two AHB interfaces. A new REMAP input is also present on CoreMemCtrl v2.1. Figure 1 CoreMemCtrl Block Diagram Key Features CoreMemCtrl has the following features: • • • • • • Provides an AHB interface to external memory devices. Configurable external memory interface. Interfaces to external flash and either synchronous or asynchronous external SRAM. Supports 32-bit word, 16-bit halfword, and 8-bit byte accesses to SRAM. Supports 32-bit word accesses to flash; halfword and byte accesses to flash are not supported. The locations of flash and SRAM in the address space can be swapped by asserting the REMAP input. CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 5 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Supported Device Families • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ® IGLOO IGLOOe IGLOO PLUS ® ProASIC 3 ProASIC3E ProASIC3L Fusion ® Axcelerator RTAX-S RTSX-S EX ® SmartFusion 2 ® IGLOO 2 ™ RTG4 Core Version This Handbook applies to CoreMemCtrl version 2.1. Supported Interfaces CoreMemCtrl has an advanced microcontroller bus architecture (AMBA) AHB slave interface through which an AHB master can initiate read and write accesses to external memory. Note: CoreMemCtrl v2.1 is not pin compatible with previous versions of the core. CoreMemCtrl v2.1 has only a single AHB interface, whereas earlier versions had two AHB interfaces. A new REMAP input is also present on CoreMemCtrl v2.1 The core also has a group of ports for interfacing to external flash and SRAM memory devices. The design of the core assumes that the address bus and bidirectional data bus are common to both flash and SRAM devices. Aside from these busses, chip select, output enable, and write enable signals are provided for connection to the memory devices. It is possible, via the configuration window for the core, to choose to use common read and write enable signals for flash and SRAM. When this option is selected, the MEMREADN and MEMWRITEN signals can be connected to both flash and SRAM. This option can be useful when the number of pins available for interfacing to external memories is limited. 6 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Utilization and Performance Utilization and Performance Table 1 gives resource usage and performance figures for various configurations of CoreMemCtrl. Table 1 does not cover every possible configuration, but instead lists a range of configurations which should give a good indication of the expected resource usage and performance of the core. Frequency (MHz) Tiles SRAM_ADDR_SEL FLASH_ADDR_SEL SHARED_RW NUM_WS_SRAM_WRITE NUM_WS_SRAM_READ NUM_WS_FLASH_WRITE NUM_WS_FLASH_READ FLASH_16BIT SYNC_SRAM FLOW_THROUGH Table 1 CoreMemCtrl Device Utilization and Performance Parameters 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 391 137 1 0 0 3 3 1 1 0 2 2 393 137 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 384 136 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 400 137 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 391 137 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 419 139 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 391 137 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 448 71 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 476 124 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 553 62 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 352 154 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 364 163 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 0 2 2 349 161 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 443 154 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 376 163 Note: Data in this table were obtained for an A3P1000 device, speed grade -2. CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 7 Tool Flows SmartDesign CoreMemCtrl is available for download to the SmartDesign IP Catalog through the Libero® Integrated Design Environment (IDE) web repository. For information on using SmartDesign to instantiate, configure, connect, and generate cores, refer to the Libero IDE online help. In a typical system, the AHB slave interface of CoreMemCtrl is connected to one of the slave slots on CoreAHB or CoreAHBLite. CoreMemCtrl is often connected to slot 0 on the bus, so that the external memory appears at address 0x00000000 in the address map of a processor connected as a master in the system. The ports for connection to external memory devices should be routed to the top level of the design and assigned to appropriate pins for connection to the external memories. CoreMemCtrl is suitable for interfacing to a variety of flash and SRAM memories, but the core must be configured to suit the particular devices being used. Figure 2 shows the CoreMemCtrl configuration window, along with cross references to the corresponding top-level parameters. The parameters/generics of the core are fully described in Parameters/Generics. Figure 2 CoreMemCtrl Configuration Window CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 9 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook The configuration options for CoreMemCtrl are described in the following paragraphs. The CoreMemCtrl configuration window is used to adjust the values of the underlying parameters/generics in the RTL code for the core. Each configuration option presented in the configuration window corresponds directly to an actual parameter/generic in the RTL code for CoreMemCtrl. SRAM Type You can use the SYNC_SRAM parameter to set the interfaced SRAM to either synchronous or asynchronous. If this parameter is set to synchronous SRAM, the FLOW_THROUGH parameter must be set to match the mode of operation of the synchronous SRAM device. Some devices only operate in a flow-through manner (where the data appears in the clock cycle after the address), whereas others can be configured to operate in pipeline mode (with the data appearing in two cycles after the address). Flash Data Bus Width The core has a FLASH_16BIT parameter, which allows for the use of only a single 16-bit flash device, as opposed to using two flash devices to suit a 32-bit data bus. When FLASH_16BIT is set, the lower 16-bits of the memory data bus (MEMDATA[15:0]) must be connected to the 16-bit flash device. Note that, regardless of the setting of FLASH_16BIT, only 32-bit word accesses to flash are supported from the AHB (or AHB-Lite) master. Halfword and byte accesses to flash are not supported. When FLASH_16BIT is set, each 32-bit word access is transparently broken into two separate 16-bit accesses to the external flash device. The setting for the flash data bus width is ignored when the word address is used for flash accesses. It is assumed that there is a 32-bit data bus to external flash when the word address is used to address the flash. See “Address Bus Handling” for more information. Number of Wait States It is possible to adjust the number of wait states inserted during read and write access to flash and to asynchronous SRAM. Up to three wait states can be configured for each type of access. Increasing the number of wait states enables more clock cycles for signals to and from the memory device to stabilize. In systems where a relatively slow flash or asynchronous SRAM device is used, increasing the number of wait states enables the system clock speed to be increased while still respecting the timing requirements of the memory devices. However, there is a performance cost to increasing the number of wait states because several cycles will be required for each access to the external memory. The optimum balance between system clock frequency and the number of cycles required to access memory will depend on the system design and the performance required. Shared Read and Write Enables CoreMemCtrl generates read and write enable signals for both flash and SRAM. These signals are named FLASHOEN, FLASHWEN, SRAMOEN, and SRAMWEN. The core also generates two common read and write enable signals, MEMREADN and MEMWRITEN, which can be connected to both flash and SRAM devices when the SHARED_RW parameter is set. This option is intended for use in situations where the number of FPGA pins available for interfacing to external memory is limited. Address Bus Handling The final two configuration options for CoreMemCtrl are used to control how the address bus connecting to the external memory devices relates to the AHB or AHB-Lite address bus, HADDR. For both flash and SRAM accesses, it is possible to drive the memory address bus (MEMADDR) with the byte, halfword, or word address. This essentially translates into driving the least significant bit of the memory address bus with HADDR[0], HADDR[1], or HADDR[2]. These address-related configuration options are provided to allow flexibility in how memory systems can be constructed and to accommodate devices which use different approaches to addressing. For example, some flash devices only use their A0 pin when operating in 8-bit mode, whereas other flash devices always make use of their A0 pin irrespective of the operating mode. When the memory address bus is driven by the word address for flash accesses (by selecting the "0, 0, HADDR[27:2]" option for flash addressing), the setting for the flash data bus width, which can be 16-bit or 32-bit, is ignored. It is assumed that there is a 32-bit data bus connection to external flash when the word address is used for flash accesses. 10 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Example System Example System A typical system that includes CoreMemCtrl is shown in the Figure 3. AHB/AHB-Lite bus interfaces can be autoconnected in SmartDesign using the Auto Connect menu option. Figure 3 Example System Including CoreMemCtrl Simulation CoreMemCtrl comes with a simple user testbench, which can be invoked from the Libero IDE Project Manager. To run the testbench, use the configuration window to set the testbench configurable option for CoreMemCtrl to User before generating a CoreMemCtrl design. After the design has been generated, click the Simulation button in the Libero IDE GUI to run the testbench automatically. Note: If CoreMemCtrl is included as a component within a larger design, then the CoreMemCtrl component must be set as the design root (from the right-click menu, select Set As Root), before running the user testbench. An overview of the CoreMemCtrl user testbench is shown in Figure 4. CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 11 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Figure 4 Overview of CoreMemCtrl Testbench The testbench is based around a bus functional model (BFM) which acts as an AHB-Lite master and is controlled by a command file, named corememctrl_usertb.bfm. Simple memory models are used to model external flash and SRAM devices. The BFM writes to and reads from the memory models through CoreMemCtrl. Each time the testbench is run, the corememctrl_usertb.bfm command file is processed by an executable to create corememctrl_usertb.vec. This instruction vectors file is read in by the BFM module in the testbench. The corememctrl_usertb.bfm file is a text file and can be edited to suit any specific needs. After generating a CoreMemCtrl design from SmartDesign, the file can be found in the <project>/simulation directory. Synthesis in Libero SoC To run synthesis on the core with the parameter settings selected in SmartDesign, set the design root appropriately, and click the Synthesis button in the Project Manager. The Synthesis window appears, displaying the Synplicity® project. To perform synthesis, click Run. Place-and-Route in Libero SoC After setting the design root appropriately and running synthesis, click Layout in the Project Manager to invoke Designer. CoreMemCtrl requires no special place-and-route settings. 12 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Place-and-Route in Libero SoC Connecting to External Memories This section includes a number of diagrams, which illustrate how to connect the external memory interface ports of CoreMemCtrl to SRAM and flash devices. In the diagrams, generic representations of SRAM and flash devices are used; these representations are intended to cover devices from a range of manufacturers. Some manufacturers label the pins of their devices differently from others. In the following diagrams, the pin names on the SRAM and flash memories should be interpreted as described in Table 2. Table 2 Lists the pin descriptions as used in the diagrams. Table 2 Pin Descriptions for Connection Diagrams Pin Name in Diagrams Description E# Chip enable/chip select G# Read or output enable W# Write enable BW# Byte write enable on SRAM LB# Lower byte enable on SRAM UB# Upper byte enable on SRAM BYTE# Byte (8 bit) mode operation on flash A0, A1, …, An Address bus pins. An is the most significant address bit. DQ[n:m] Bidirectional data bus CLK Clock input on synchronous SRAM ADV# Burst address advance on synchronous SRAM ADSP# Address status processor on synchronous SRAM ADSC# Address status controller on synchronous SRAM FT# Flow-through/pipeline mode operation on synchronous SRAM 16-bit flash devices are available from a number of manufacturers and normally have a BYTE# input which, when asserted Low, causes the device to operate in 8-bit mode. Only the lower half of the data bus (that is, DQ[7:0]) is used to carry data in 8-bit mode. Manufacturers of flash devices generally use one of two approaches to addressing: • The A0 pin is only used (for the least significant address bit) when in 8-bit mode. When operating in 16-bit mode, the A0 pin is not used; typically the A0 input buffer is turned off in this type of flash device when the BYTE# pin is High. The remaining address pins (A[n:1]) are always used for addressing. • All of the address pins, including A0, are used for addressing in both 8-bit and 16-bit mode. On this type of flash device, the upper data pin, DQ[15], is typically reused as the least significant address bit input when operating in 8-bit mode. Refer to the datasheet of the external flash device being used with CoreMemCtrl to check how the device handles addressing. The flash addressing configurable option should be set to suit the flash device(s) in use. Flash addressing must also be correctly set when interfacing to a single 16-bit flash device, that is, when the flash data bus width is set to 16 bit. Note: From the AHB or AHB-Lite master’s viewpoint, only 32-bit word accesses to flash are supported. Byte and halfword accesses to flash are not supported. Snippets from the CoreMemCtrl configuration window are included in each of the following connection diagrams to show the correspondence between the configuration options and the associated memory connections. Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, and Figure 8 show four different external memory systems. Figure 5 and Figure 7 illustrate flash devices which use addressing as described in the first addressing approach. The flash devices in Figure 6 and in Figure 8 use the approach to addressing described in the second addressing approach. Figure 5 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 13 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook and Figure 6 illustrate additional pin connections relevant to synchronous SRAM devices which are not shown in previous diagrams. Figure 5 Connecting to SRAM and Flash with 32-bit Flash Data Bus and Flash of Type 1 14 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Place-and-Route in Libero SoC Figure 6 Connecting to SRAM and Flash with 32-bit Flash Data Bus and Flash of Type 2 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 15 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Figure 7 Connecting to SRAM and Single Flash Device with 16-bit Flash Data Bus and Flash of Type 1 16 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Place-and-Route in Libero SoC Figure 8 Connecting to SRAM and Single Flash Device with 16-bit Flash Data Bus and Flash of Type 2 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 17 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Figure 9 Matching CoreMemCtrl Configuration to FT# Pin Level on Synchronous SRAM Devices with FT# Input 18 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Place-and-Route in Libero SoC Figure 10 Additional Connections for Synchronous SRAM Devices CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 19 Registers CoreMemCtrl does not contain any memory-mapped registers such as control or status registers. CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 21 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Memory Map CoreMemCtrl uses 256 MB of address space on the AHB or AHB-Lite bus to which it is connected. This address space is evenly divided between flash memory and SRAM memory, so that each memory type can be up to 128 MB in size. The REMAP input is used to control which memory type appears in which half of the 256 MB slot. Table 3 shows the relationship between the REMAP input and address offsets of flash and SRAM. Table 3 REMAP and Address Offset Relationship REMAP 0 1 22 Address Offset Memory Type 0x00000000 to 0x07FFFFFF Flash 0x08000000 to 0x0FFFFFFF SRAM 0x00000000 to 0x07FFFFFF SRAM 0x08000000 to 0x0FFFFFFF Flash CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Parameters/Generics Interface Descriptions Parameters/Generics Table 4 CoreMemCtrl Parameters/Generics Parameter Values Default Description Must be set to match the supported FPGA family. 9 – RTSX-S 10 – EX 11 – AX 12 – RTAX-S FAMILY 9, 10, 11, 15 – ProASIC3 12, 15, 16, 16 – ProASIC3E 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 17 17 – Fusion 19 – SmartFusion2 20 – IGLOO 21 – IGLOOe 22 – ProASIC3L 23 – IGLOO PLUS 24 – IGLOO2 25 – RTG4 Selects the type of external SRAM. SYNC_SRAM FLOW_THROUGH 0, 1 0, 1 1 0 0 = Interfacing to asynchronous SRAM 1 = Interfacing to synchronous SRAM This parameter is only relevant when SYNC_SRAM = 1 and should be set to match the operation of the external synchronous SRAM device. Some synchronous SRAM devices can be configured to operate in either pipeline or flowthrough mode. 0 = External synchronous SRAM device is operating in pipeline mode. 1 = External synchronous SRAM device is operating in flow-through mode. 0 = 32-bit data bus to external flash 1 = 16-bit data bus to external flash. This setting is intended to facilitate the use of a single 16-bit flash device. Note:Only (32-bit) word accesses to external flash FLASH_16BIT CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 0, 1 0 are supported from the AHB or AHB-Lite master. Halfword and byte accesses to flash are not supported. This is true even when FLASH_16BIT = 1, in which case each word access is transparently broken down into two separate halfword accesses to the actual flash device. 23 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 24 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Parameters/Generics Table 5 CoreMemCtrl Parameters/Generics (continued) Parameter Values Default Description NUM_WS_FLASH_READ 0 to 31 1 Number of wait states inserted during a read from flash. NUM_WS_FLASH_WRITE 1 to 31 1 Number of wait states inserted during a write to flash. NUM_WS_SRAM_READ 1 Number of wait states inserted during a read from asynchronous SRAM. 0 to 31 This parameter is only relevant when SYNC_SRAM = 0. NUM_WS_SRAM_WRITE 1 to 31 1 Number of wait states asynchronous SRAM. inserted during a write to This parameter is only relevant when SYNC_SRAM = 0. 0 = Separate read and write enable signals (that is, FLASHOEN, FLASHWEN, SRAMOEN and SRAMWEN) are used for flash and SRAM. SHARED_RW 0, 1 0 1 = Common read and write enable signals (that is, MEMREADN and MEMWRITEN) are used for both flash and SRAM. This setting is intended for use in cases where a limited number of pins are available for interfacing to external memory. This parameter is used to control how the address bus to flash relates to the AHB or AHB-Lite address for the transfer. 0 = Byte address is used. That is, MEMADDR[27:0] is driven by HADDR[27:0] during flash accesses. 1 = Halfword address is used. That is, MEMADDR[27:0] is driven by {0, HADDR[27:1]} FLASH_ADDR_SEL 0 to 2 2 during flash accesses. 2 = Word address is used. That is MEMADDR[27:0] is driven by {0, 0, HADDR[27:2]} during flash accesses. This parameter is used to control how the address bus to SRAM relates to the AHB or AHB-Lite address for the transfer. 0 = Byte address is used. That is, MEMADDR[27:0] is driven by HADDR[27:0] during SRAM accesses. SRAM_ADDR_SEL 0 to 2 2 1 = Halfword address is used. That is, MEMADDR[27:0] is driven by {0, HADDR[27:1]} during SRAM accesses. 2 = Word address is used. That is MEMADDR[27:0] is driven by {0, 0, HADDR[27:2]} during SRAM accesses. CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 25 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Ports Table 6 outlines the top-level signals for CoreMemCtrl. Table 6 CoreMemCtrl Ports Name Type Description AHB/AHB-Lite Bus Signals HCLK Input AHB system clock. Reference clock for all internal logic HRESETN Input AHB active Low asynchronous reset HSEL Input AHB slave select HWRITE Input AHB write/read indication HREADYIN Input AHB ready indication from bus HTRANS[1:0] Input AHB transfer type HSIZE[2:0] Input AHB size of transfer HWDATA[31:0] Input AHB write data HADDR[27:0] Input AHB address bus HRDATA[31:0] Output AHB read data HREADY Output AHB ready output to bus HRESP[1:0] Output AHB response HRDATA[31:0] Output AHB read data Remap Control REMAP Input Remap control. When asserted, flash and SRAM locations are swapped in the address map. External Memory Interface FLASHCSN Output Flash chip select, active Low FLASHOEN Output Flash output enable, active Low FLASHWEN Output Flash write enable, active Low SRAMCLK Output SRAM clock. This clock signal is the inverse of the AHB clock input, HCLK. SRAMCSN Output SRAM chip select, active Low SRAMOEN Output SRAM output enable, active Low SRAMWEN Output SRAM write enable, active Low SRAMBYTEN[3:0] Output SRAM byte enables, active Low MEMREADN Output Common read enable, active Low. Can be connected to both flash and SRAM when the SHARED_RW parameter is set. MEMWRITEN Output Common write enable, active Low. Can be connected to both flash and SRAM when the SHARED_RW parameter is set. MEMADDR[27:0] Output Common flash/SRAM address bus MEMDATA[31:0] Inout Common flash/SRAM data bus Note: Unless otherwise noted, all of the signals above are active High 26 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Waveforms The waveforms in this section show the timing of the CoreMemCtrl signals. Figure 11 Flash Access: Two Writes and Two Reads with One Wait State for Each Transfer Figure 12 Asynchronous SRAM Access: Two Writes and Two Reads with One Wait State for each Transfer CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 27 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Figure 13 Synchronous SRAM Access: Three Writes and Three Reads 28 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook Ordering Information Ordering Codes CoreMemCtrl can be ordered through the local sales representative. It should be ordered using the following number scheme: CoreMemCtrl-XX, where XX is listed in Table 7. Table 7 Ordering Codes XX Description OM Obfuscated RTL multi-use multi-site license RM RTL source multi-use multi-site license Note: CoreMemCtrl-OM is included free with a Libero IDE license CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 29 List of Changes The following table lists critical changes that were made in each revision of the document. Date Change Page February 2015 CoreMemCtrl v2.1 release. N/A March 2009 CoreMemCtrl v2.0 release. N/A CoreMemCtrl v2.1 Handbook 31 Product Support Microsemi SoC Products Group backs its products with various support services, including Customer Service, Customer Technical Support Center, a website, electronic mail, and worldwide sales offices. This appendix contains information about contacting Microsemi SoC Products Group and using these support services. Customer Service Contact Customer Service for non-technical product support, such as product pricing, product upgrades, update information, order status, and authorization. From North America, call 800.262.1060 From the rest of the world, call 650.318.4460 Fax, from anywhere in the world 650. 318.8044 Customer Technical Support Center Microsemi SoC Products Group staffs its Customer Technical Support Center with highly skilled engineers who can help answer your hardware, software, and design questions about Microsemi SoC Products. The Customer Technical Support Center spends a great deal of time creating application notes, answers to common design cycle questions, documentation of known issues and various FAQs. So, before you contact us, please visit our online resources. It is very likely we have already answered your questions. Technical Support For Microsemi SoC Products Support, visit http://www.microsemi.com/products/fpga-soc/design-support/fpga-socsupport. Website You can browse a variety of technical and non-technical information on the Microsemi SoC Products Group home page, at http://www.microsemi.com/soc/. Contacting the Customer Technical Support Center Highly skilled engineers staff the Technical Support Center. The Technical Support Center can be contacted by email or through the Microsemi SoC Products Group website. Email You can communicate your technical questions to our email address and receive answers back by email, fax, or phone. 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