DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 MAS6510 Capacitive Sensor Signal Interface IC • • • • • • • • Single or Dual Capacitance Sensors Very Low Power Consumption 1.8V Operation On Chip Temperature Sensor VDD Level Monitoring 24-Bit Ratiometric ∆Σ CDC EEPROM Calibration Memory SPI or I2C Bus with programmable I2C device address DESCRIPTION MAS6510 capacitive sensor signal Interface IC can interface both single and dual capacitance sensors. capacitance difference (CS-CR) or to capacitance ratio (CS-CR)/CS. It uses a 24-bit Capacitance-to-Digital Converter (CDC), which employs a delta-sigma (∆Σ) conversion technique. The output data from the high order ∆Σ-modulator is processed by an on-chip decimator filter, producing a high resolution conversion result. The converter is run by an internal clock oscillator making an external converter clock unnecessary. The IC is designed especially to meet the requirement for low power consumption, thus making it an ideal choice for battery powered systems. Current consumption values of 47.9 µA with high resolution or 3.3 µA with low resolution, at a conversion rate of one conversion per second, can be achieved. In addition to measuring capacitance the device has an internal temperature sensor for temperature measurement and temperature compensation purposes. The VDD level monitoring feature is useful especially in battery operated systems. The 256-bit EEPROM memory stores trimming and calibration coefficients on chip. The converter input range is programmable to meet various sensor offset and changing capacitance values. Maximum sensor capacitance is 40pF but higher maximum value can be reached by using slower conversion speed or scaling the signal by using an external series capacitor. A serial interface, compatible with a bi-directional 2wire I2C bus and 4-wire SPI bus, is used for conversion setup, starting a conversion and reading the conversion result. The measurement resolution depends on the programmed capacitance range and over sampling ratio (OSR) selections. MAS6510 supports two capacitance measurement modes. The output can be proportional either to FEATURES • • • • • • • • • • • • . Sensor Offset and Gain Adjustment • Changing Capacitance Range ∆C 2pF…30pF • Internal Offset Capacitance Matrix 0pF…22pF • External Capacitance up to 40pF (or higher using external clock) Resolution 17.5 bit Internal Clock Oscillator On Chip Temperature Sensor -40°C...+85°C VDD Level Monitoring Low Voltage Operation 1.8 V…3.6 V Low Supply Current: 3.3 µA...47.9 µA Conversion Time 5.8ms...82.6ms (12Hz...173Hz) Internal 256-bit EEPROM Calibration Memory Internal Clock Oscillator I2C and SPI Compatible Serial Interface QFN-16 Package APPLICATIONS • • • • • • • • • • Capacitive Pressure Sensors Humidity Sensors Medical Devices Flow Meters Sport Watches Altimeter and Barometer Systems Mobile and Battery Powered Systems Low Frequency Measurement applications Current/Power Consumption Critical Systems Industrial and Process Control applications in noisy environments 1 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 BLOCK DIAGRAM VDD OSC VDD MISO MUX CS CLK OSC I2C / SDA/MOSI SCL/SCLK SPI CC CONTROL XCS XSPI CR EOC ∆Σ XCLR VREG TEMP EEPROM VREG TEST1 TEST TEST2 GND GND Figure 1. MAS6510 block diagram FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION MAS6510 can interface both single and dual capacitance sensors. Single capacitance sensors should be connected between the CS and the CC inputs. The second capacitor of a dual capacitance sensor should be connected between the CR and the CC inputs. A Capacitance-to-Digital Converter (CDC) converts the input capacitances into a 24-bit output word (code). The converter front-end can be configured either for capacitance difference (CS-CR) or capacitance ratio (CS-CR)/CS measurement mode. The ratio mode offers pre-linearization for sensor signals CS(x) being proportional to ~1/x such as pressure sensor signals (x=pressure). Converter resolution is selected by the over sampling ratio (OSR) setting. Higher OSR corresponds to higher resolution but also longer conversion time. There are two internal 22pF capacitance matrices connected to the CS and the CR inputs. These matrices are used for sensor offset calibration and are programmable in 8-bit steps (86fF/step). The gain is programmable with 8-bits resolution and sets the input range for sensor changing capacitance ∆C=CS MAX-CS_MIN. MAS6510 includes an internal temperature sensor for temperature compensation purposes. A multiplexer in the front-end is used to select the external capacitive sensor, the internal temperature sensor or an internal band gap reference voltage in the VDD level monitoring mode. . Trim and calibration coefficients can be stored in the 256-bit EEPROM memory. In normal mode the stored trim values for the oscillator frequency, offset capacitance and gain are automatically read from the EEPROM memory in the beginning of each conversion. However by using Trimming control Register it is also possible to choose taking trimming values from the trimming registers instead of EEPROM. To avoid modification of the EEPROM by mistake there is an EEPROM write enable bit in the EEPROM Control Register which needs to be set high (1) before any changes can be done to the EEPROM. MAS6510 has an internal clock oscillator making an external clock unnecessary. To save power it’s turned on only when a conversion is running. The frequency is factory trimmed to 200 kHz using a 6bit register. An external clock, connected to the OSC pin, can however be used when a specific test mode is chosen. This may be necessary when measuring larger capacitances which require a slower clock frequency. In temperature measurement mode it is necessary to always use a regulated supply voltage. This is achieved by enabling an internal 1.8V voltage regulator. When enabled the internal regulator is automatically turned on during conversion and off when conversion has been finished. Note that the internal regulator should be enabled only in the temperature measurement mode but kept disabled during capacitance and VDD monitoring modes. 2 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION In battery operated applications the VDD of the MAS6510 can vary along with battery capacity. In such case the VDD level monitoring feature can be useful to indicate battery level, help choosing between different power modes in the system or even using measured VDD level for compensating VDD dependencies. In the VDD level monitoring mode the on-chip regulator has to be disabled. Communication with MAS6510 is handled by the serial interface compatible with either a bidirectional 2-wire I2C bus or a 4-wire SPI bus. The XSPI pin is for selecting which bus type is used. Note: The 2-wire I2C bus of MAS6510 supports only basic I2C bus communication protocol but not for example 10-bit addressing, arbitration and clock stretching features of the I2C bus specification. The XCLR pin can be used to hard reset the device including the serial communication. However device reset is possible also via serial bus using the reset register. Despite of on chip power on reset (POR) circuit it is recommended to reset the device manually after every power up to guarantee proper register settings after any VDD rise conditions. The EOC pin indicates if a conversion has finished and the result is ready to be read from the memory via the serial interface. Using the EOC signal is not necessary since it is alternatively possible to wait at least maximum conversion time period before reading out the result. 3 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS All Voltages with Respect to Ground Parameter Symbol Supply Voltage Voltage Range for All Pins Latchup Current Limit VDD Junction Temperature Storage Temperature TJmax TS ILUT Conditions For all pins, test according to JESD78A. Note 1 Min Max Unit -0.3 -0.3 -100 5.0 VDD + 0.3 +100 V V mA - 55 + 150 +125 °C °C Note 1: See EEPROM memory data retention at hot temperature. Storage or bake at hot temperatures will reduce the wafer level trimming and calibration data retention time. Note: The absolute maximum rating values are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at conditions between maximum operating conditions and absolute maximum ratings is not implied and EEPROM contents may be corrupted. Exposure to these conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability (e.g. hot carrier degradation, oxide breakdown). Applying conditions above absolute maximum ratings may be destructive to the devices. Note: This is a CMOS device and therefore it should be handled carefully to avoid any damage by static voltages (ESD). RECOMMENDED OPERATION CONDITIONS Parameter Symbol Supply Voltage Operating Temperature Conditions VDD TA Min Typ Max Unit 1.8 -40 2.7 +25 3.6 +85 V °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VDD = 2.7 V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, typical values at TA = +27°C, unless otherwise specified. Parameter Internal regulator voltage Standby current Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VREG Temp mode regulator enabled Note 1. All inputs at VDD, no load. Note 2. During conversion Cap. Dif. Reg OFF Cap. Ratio Reg OFF Temp Reg ON VDD Mon. Reg OFF 1 conversion/s Cap. Dif. Reg OFF OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Note 3. Note 4. 1.75 1.8 1.85 V 0.01 0.1 µA ISTBY Conversion current consumption IDD_CONV Average current consumption IDD_AVG VDD rise time for proper power on reset (POR) tVDD_RISE 580 510 455 455 µA 47.9 24.1 12.2 6.3 3.3 µA 1 ms Note 1. Internal regulator need to be enabled only in temperature mode and should be disabled in capacitance and VDD monitoring modes. Note 2. Leakage current may increase if digital input voltages are not close to VDD (logic level high) or GND (logic level low). Also setting XCS low activates the EEPROM memory regardless of the XSPI setting and the device consumes 20µA …30µA current. To minimize current consumption XCS should be set low only during time periods when the device is used during SPI communication. Note 3. Average current consumption in other measurement modes can be calculated by scaling these current consumption values with corresponding conversion current ratios. Example: IDD_AVG(Temp Reg ON, OSR=256)=3.3µA*(455µA /580µA)=2.6µA. Note 4. Resetting the device using the XCLR pin or reset register is necessary in case the VDD rise time is longer than specified here. However it is recommended to reset the device manually either by XCLR pin or using reset register after every power up (VDD rise). 4 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VDD = 2.7 V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, typical values at TA = +27°C, unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conversion time Symbol Conditions tCONV Normal clock (SOSC=00) OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Normal clock (SOSC=00) Division by 2 (SOSC=01) Division by 4 (SOSC=10) Division by 8 (SOSC=11) Note 1. Normal clock (SOSC=00) Division by 2 (SOSC=01) Division by 4 (SOSC=10) Division by 8 (SOSC=11) Internal system clock oscillator frequency fSYS_CLK Sensor excitation frequency MCLK Min Typ Max 82.6 41.6 21.1 10.9 5.8 200 100 50 25 Unit ms kHz 50 25 12.5 6.25 kHz Internal offset capacitor matrix selection Changing capacitance range in capacitance difference mode CR_OS, CS_OS COS_STEP ∆CDIFF Maximum allowed sensor capacitance in capacitance difference mode CS_MAX Changing capacitance range in capacitance ratio mode Maximum allowed sensor capacitance in capacitance ratio mode Internal temperature sensor ∆CRATIO Normal clock (SOSC=00) Division by 2 (SOSC=01) Division by 4 (SOSC=10) Division by 8 (SOSC=11) Normal clock (SOSC=00) Division by 2 (SOSC=01) Division by 4 (SOSC=10) Division by 8 (SOSC=11) Note 2. Note 3. CS_MAX Note 3. Linearity Note 4. ±0.4 °C Gain OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Non-calibrated, note 4. 65056 65038 65002 8116 1012 LSB/ °C -4.5 +3.5 % Non-calibrated, note 4. -12 +17 °C Offset RMS temperature resolution 0 22 pF 20 30 TBD TBD 20 40 80 160 pF 0.086 Temp mode, TEMPREGEN=1, OSR=256 2 2 2 2 2 0.034 pF 20 pF 20 >20 pF °C TBD = To Be Defined Note 1. The clock oscillator is factory calibrated. Calibration stored in the Oscillator frequency trim data EEPROM address (C6/46HEX). Note 2. In capacitance difference mode the maximum allowed sensor and reference capacitor values can be extended using lower external oscillator frequency than which is available by SOSC division options; CS_MAX=20pF*200kHz/f OSC_EXT. Note 3. In capacitance ratio mode also larger capacitances are possible depending on sensor characteristics. Please contact Micro Analog Systems to check sensor suitability. Note 4. Guaranteed by design. By first order calibration of offset and gain errors an overall temperature accuracy close to the linearity accuracy can be achieved. Further accuracy can be achieved by second order calibration to reduce non-linearity errors. Minimum and maximum values of temperature sensor gain and offset are guaranteed by design. 5 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VDD = 2.7 V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, typical values at TA = +27°C, unless otherwise specified. Parameter RMS voltage resolution RMS capacitance resolution @ ∆CLIN=1.8pF RMS capacitance resolution @ ∆CLIN=4pF RMS capacitance resolution @ ∆CLIN=20pF RMS capacitance resolution @ ∆CLIN=1.8pF RMS capacitance resolution@ ∆CLIN=4pF RMS capacitance resolution @ ∆CLIN=20pF Symbol Conditions Min VDD level monitoring TEMPREGEN=0. Note 1. OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Difference mode TEMPREGEN=0, ∆CLIN=1.8pF OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Note 2. Difference mode TEMPREGEN=0, ∆CLIN=4pF OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Difference mode TEMPREGEN=0, ∆CLIN=20pF OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Ratio mode TEMPREGEN=0, ∆CLIN=1.8pF OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Ratio mode TEMPREGEN=0, ∆CLIN=4pF OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Ratio mode TEMPREGEN=0, ∆CLIN=20pF OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 EEPROM size EEPROM data retention TA = +85 °C TA = +125 °C 10 Typ Max Unit 63 72 77 82 99 µVRMS 17.2 (15) 16.8 (19) 16.5 (25) 15.8 (39) 15.4 (53) bit (aF) 17.5 (28) 16.9 (42) 16.1 (69) 15.7 (92) 15.1 (138) bit (aF) 16.8 (217) 16.2 (337) 15.9 (417) 15.5 (546) 14.6 (1010) bit (aF) 14.3 (115) 14.1 (133) 13.5 (196) 13.0 (276) 12.6 (364) bit (aF) 15.2 (130) 14.7 (193) 14.4 (227) 14.0 (296) 13.3 (495) bit (aF) 16.0 (371) 15.7 (468) 15.6 (513) 15.2 (673) 14.6 (1004) 256 bit (aF) 24 1 years bit Note 1. In case of noisy power supply the VDD level monitoring resolution can be further limited by supply noise. Note 2. Resolution in bits is calculated as follows: CN_BIT=log(∆CFS/CN)/log(2)= log(CODEFS/CODEN)/log(2) where ∆CFS and CODEFS are full scale changing capacitance (∆CFS=∆CLIN /0.8) and code range respectively, CN and CODEN are RMS noise in capacitance and code respectively. 6 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VDD = 2.7 V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, typical values at TA = +27°C, unless otherwise specified. Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Linear output code range values (10%...90% of full scale output code range) Full scale output code range values CODELIN OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 1467187 1466368 1464730 182682 22733 13204685 13197312 13182566 1644134 204595 CODEFS 0 0 0 0 0 14671872 14663680 14647296 1826816 227328 VDD sensitivity of capacitance measurement VDDSENSCAP VDD sensitivity of temperature measurement VDDSENSTEMP OSR=4096 OSR=2048 OSR=1024 OSR=512 OSR=256 Difference mode, ∆CLIN=4pF, TEMPREGEN=0, VDD=1.8V ⇒ 3.6V Note 1. TEMPREGEN=1, VDD=1.9V ⇒ 3.6V Note 1. Unit +0.03 %FS/V -0.04 %FS/V Note 1. VDD sensitivity in %FS/V calculated as follows: VDDSENS =100%*(CODE(VDD=3.6V) –CODE(VDD=1.9V))/CODEFS/(3.6V-1.9V) Digital inputs TA = -40oC to +85oC, VDD = 1.8V to 3.6V, Typ TA = 27oC, Typ VDD = 2.7 V, RP = 4.7kΩ (I2C bus pull up) unless otherwise noted Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Input High Voltage VIH 80% VDD 100% VDD V Input Low Voltage VIL 0% VDD 20% VDD V Serial Bus Clock Frequency XCLR Reset Pulse Length Wait time after reset fSCL 400 2 XCLR Pin Pull Up Current tXCLR I2C bus SPI bus XCLR low pulse 200 kHz MHz ns tRESET_WAIT Note 1. 20 µs IPULL_UP XCLR=0V -8 µA Note 1. This is the necessary wait time after reset to allow MAS6510 reading the programmable I2C device address from the EEPROM Digital outputs TA = -40oC to +85oC, VDD = 1.8V to 3.6V, Typ TA = 27oC, Typ VDD = 2.7 V, RP = 4.7kΩ (I2C bus pull up) unless otherwise noted PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS Output high voltage Output low voltage VOH VOL ISource=0.6mA ISink=0.6mA Signal rise time (from 10% to 90%) Signal fall time (from 90% to 10%) tr EOC pin, CL=50pF SDA pin, CB=50pF EOC pin, CL=50pF SDA pin, CB=50pF tf MIN TYP 80% VDD 0% VDD 14 550 11 11 MAX UNIT 100% VDD 20% VDD V V ns ns 7 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 OPERATING MODES MAS6510 has two capacitance measurement modes, a temperature measurement mode and a VDD level monitoring mode. In capacitance measurement mode the output is proportional to either capacitance difference (CS-CR) or to capacitance ratio (CS-CR)/CS. In temperature measurement mode the output is proportional to the absolute temperature. The VDD level monitoring mode allows measuring supply voltage which can be useful especially in battery operated systems. Measurement mode configuration and start of conversion is done by writing 8-bit configuration data to the Measurement control register (address E2HEX). See further details in the Measurement control register chapter. MAS6510 includes a 256-bit EEPROM memory for storing trim and calibration data on chip. Five bytes (40 bits) of EEPROM are reserved for trim values and programmable I2C device address but the remaining 27 bytes (216 bits) are free for storing sensor calibration and other data. The stored trim data consists of capacitive front-end offset and gain setting data that are automatically read from EEPROM memory in the beginning of each conversion (in normal operating mode). The programmable I2C device address is read from EEPROM memory only during power on reset or by manual reset using XCLR or the reset register. The stored calibration data should comprise of calibration and temperature compensation coefficients that can be used to calculate accurate sensor and temperature measurement results from the non-calibrated measurement readings. All calculations need to be done in an external micro controller unit (MCU) which controls the MAS6510. A calibrated MAS6510 sensor system should be operated as illustrated in figure 2. Connecting VDD triggers power-on-reset (POR) but to make sure the device is reset an additional reset should be given using the XCLR pin or writing any data on the reset register E0/60HEX via the serial bus. The calibration and compensation coefficients are necessary to be read to the MCU memory only once. From each pair of sensor and temperature measurement readings and using the calibration coefficients the accurate sensor and temperature values can then be calculated in the external MCU. All communication with MAS6510 is done using either the I2C bus or the SPI bus. Starting an A/D conversion, reading the conversion result and reading and writing data from and to the EEPROM memory are all accomplished via serial bus communication. In addition to the serial buses the digital interface includes also end-of-conversion (EOC) and master reset (XCLR) pins. See A/D Conversion in the Serial Data Interface (I2C Bus) Control chapter. POWER UP / RESET Reset device by XCLR or by writing any data to the reset register E0/60HEX READ EEPROM CALIBRATION DATA MEASURE SENSOR MEASURE TEMPERATURE CALCULATE CALIBRATED TEMPERATURE CALCULATE TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED SENSOR VALUE Figure 2. Flow chart for a calibrated MAS6510 sensor system 8 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 REGISTER AND EEPROM DATA ADDRESSES Table 1. Register and EEPROM data addresses A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 I2C BUS HEX SPI BUS HEX W=write R=read W: 40…41 R: C0…C1 W: 42 R: C2 W: 43 R: C3 W: 44 R: C4 W: 45 R: C5 W: 46 R: C6 W: 47 R: C7 W: 48…4F R: C8…CF W: 50…5F R: D0…DF W: 60 R: E0 W: 61 R: E1 W: 62 R: E2 W: 63 R: E3 W: 64 R: E4 W: 65 R: E5 W: 66 R: E6 W: 68 R: E8 W: 69 R: E9 W: 6A R: EA W: 6B R: EB W: 6C R: EC W: 6D R: ED W: 6E R: EE A7 1 0 0 0 0 0 X C0…C1 A7 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 C2 A7 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 C3 A7 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 C4 A7 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 C5 A7 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 C6 A7 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 C7 A7 1 0 0 1 X X X C8…CF A7 1 0 1 X X X X D0…DF A7 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 E0 A7 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 E1 A7 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 E2 A7 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 E3 A7 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 E4 A7 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 E5 A7 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 E6 A7 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 E8 A7 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 E9 A7 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 EA A7 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 EB A7 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 EC A7 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED A7 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 EE Description EEPROM; free for any data Programmable I2C Device Address EEPROM; CS capacitor matrix trim data EEPROM; CR capacitor matrix trim data EEPROM; Gain trim data EEPROM; Oscillator frequency trim data EEPROM; free for any data EEPROM; free for any data EEPROM; free for any data Reset register; no data, only addressed for reset Test register Measurement control register CS capacitor matrix register CR capacitor matrix register Gain register Oscillator frequency control register EEPROM data input register EEPROM write enable register 1st (MSB) byte of the conversion result 2nd (Middle) byte of the conversion result 3rd (LSB) byte of the conversion result Status register for EEPROM Trimming control register Note E E E+T E+T E+T E+T E E E R R R R+T R+T R+T R+T R R R R R R R X = Don’t care, E = EEPROM, R= Register, T = Trim data Note: When using the SPI serial interface the register address bit A7 is also used for selecting write (A7= 0) or read (A7=1) operation. For the I2C interface address bit A7 = 1. Note: The programmable I2C device address register C2HEX has been factory programmed to value EC HEX (%11101100) which is the same as the hard wired device address of MAS6510. When unique device address is needed it can be programmed to this register. 9 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 REGISTER AND EEPROM DATA ADDRESSES MAS6510 includes a 32 bytes (256 bits) EEPROM data memory and fourteen registers. Five bytes (40 bits) of EEPROM are reserved for trim values and programmable I2C device address but the remaining 27 bytes (216 bits) are free for storing sensor calibration and other data. See table 1 on the previous page for register and EEPROM data addresses. The Measurement control register (E2/62HEX) is used for configuring and starting an A/D conversion. In the SPI serial bus the address bit A7 selects between write (A7=0) and read (A7=1) operation. In the I2C serial bus A7 is always high (A7=1) and selection between write and read operation is done with the LSB bit of the I2C device address. See table 11 in chapter SERIAL DATA INTERFACE CONTROL. The MAS6510 has both hard wired and programmable I2C device addresses. The programmable device address is factory programmed to value EC HEX (%11101100) which is the same as the hard wired device address of MAS6510. When unique device address is needed it can be programmed to the Programmable I2C Device Address register (C2HEX). The MAS6510 will respond to both hard wired and programmed I2C device addresses. The Gain register (E5/65HEX) controls the gain of the CDC front-end. Together with the CS and CR values the gain determines the input capacitance conversion range. MAS6510 has four trim registers: CS capacitor matrix register (E3/63HEX), CR capacitor matrix register (E4/64HEX), Gain register (E5/65HEX) and Oscillator frequency register (E6/66HEX). These are marked with “R+T” in table 1. Each of these registers has a corresponding EEPROM byte where trim values can be permanently stored. These are marked with “E+T” in table 1. Trim values are automatically read from EEPROM in the beginning of each conversion when this feature is enabled in the trimming control register (EE/6EHEX). When disabled it is possible to test different trim data in the trim registers before final trimming values are found and stored in the EEPROM. Reset register (E0/60HEX) does not contain any data. Any dummy data written to this register forces a reset. A reset initializes all control registers (addresses E1HEX…EEHEX) to a zero value. Test register (E1/61HEX) is mainly used for testing and trimming purposes. See table 2 in chapter TEST REGISTER. If an external clock signal is used the test register is needed for selecting the external clock signal. The CS (E3/63HEX) and the CR (E4/64HEX) capacitor matrix registers select internal capacitors which are connected from the CS and the CR pins respectively to the CC pin. Both capacitor values can be chosen independently between 0pF and 22pF in 86fF steps. The Oscillator frequency control register (E6/66HEX) is used only during internal clock oscillator trimming. During trimming there is searched register value which gives closest to the nominal 200 kHz oscillator frequency. However the internal clock oscillator frequency is trimmed by MAS during wafer level testing and the trimming value is stored into the Oscillator frequency trim data EEPROM address (C6/46HEX). Thus there is no need to adjust the factory stored clock oscillator trimming value. In normal operation the trim value is automatically read from the EEPROM memory in the beginning of each conversion. EEPROM write enable register (E9/69HEX) is used for enabling EEPROM write since by default the EEPROM is write protected. The 24-bit A/D conversion result (capacitance or temperature) is stored into three registers EAHEX (MSB, most significant byte), EBHEX (ISB, intermediate significant byte), ECHEX (LSB, least significant byte). The EEPROM status register (ED/6DHEX) reflects the EEPROM error correction status. This register can be used to verify that the EEPROM operation has finished without errors. The Trimming control register (EE/6EHEX) defines whether the trim data in the EEPROM or in the registers are used during operation. The default setting is that all trim data is automatically read from the EEPROM memory in the beginning of each conversion. See the Trimming control register description for details. 10 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 RESET REGISTER (E0/60HEX) This register is used to reset all control registers (addresses E1H…EEH) to a zero value. There are no data bits in this register. However it is necessary to write dummy data to this register to make a reset. The reset will take place immediately after any data has been written to the address E0/60HEX via the I2C or SPI interface. TEST REGISTER (E1/61HEX) In normal operation the Test register value is 00HEX and the internal clock oscillator frequency 200 kHz is used for all the measurements. FOSC can be used to force the internal oscillator to be on all the time. This is for internal oscillator trimming purpose only. Normally (FOSC=0) the internal oscillator is turned on only during the measurements to save power and the OSC pin output is at logic low. To get the internal 200 kHz clock signal out from OSC pin it is necessary to set FOSC=1. The SEL_EXTCLK bit selects between internal clock oscillator (OSC pin as digital output) and external clock signal (OSC pin as digital input). External clock selection may come necessary if the sensor capacitance is too high to be used with the internal 200 kHz or divided clock frequency options (see SOSC bits in table 2). The maximum external clock frequency depends on maximum sensor capacitance; fEXT=200kHz*20pF/CS_MAX. Note that if SEL_EXTCLK=1 is selected the internal oscillator is disabled and OSC pin acts as digital input despite of FOSC selection. Table 2. MAS6510 test register (E1/61HEX) description Bit Bit Name Description Number 7 6 FOSC 5 SEL_EXTCLK 4-2 STEST 1-0 SOSC The STEST bits are used for connecting different internal signals to the TEST1 and TEST2 pins. In STEST=101 test setup TEST1 and TEST2 operate as positive and negative voltage inputs respectively which are connected to the differential input of the ∆Σ-ADC. By setting the SOSC bit it is possible to optionally divide the internal system clock frequency by 2, 4 or 8. The undivided 200 kHz system clock frequency allows measuring capacitances up to around 20pF but with the maximum division option 8 capacitances up to 160pF. However note that only sensor base capacitance scales up this much by clock frequency but the maximum changing capacitance range is smaller (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS tables). Note that the frequency division selection SOSC does not apply to OSC pin clock signals. The internal 200 kHz clock signal from OSC pin and the external clock signal applied to OSC pin are not affected by the SOSC divider options. Value Function Not used Forces the oscillator on without conversion Selects external clock X 0 1 0 1 TEST1 and TEST2 signal selection 000…100 OSC is on only during conversion OSC is forced on Internal clock, OSC output (default) An external clock (OSC input) can be connected to OSC and the internal oscillator is disabled Reserved for internal testing purpose (TEST1 and TEST2 are outputs) Select system clock frequency 101 TEST1 and TEST2 as inputs 110…111 00 01 10 11 No function f SYS_CLK = 200 kHz f SYS_CLK = 100 kHz (div by 2) f SYS_CLK = 50 kHz (div by 4) f SYS_CLK = 25 kHz (div by 8) X = Don’t care 11 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 MEASUREMENT CONTROL REGISTER (E2/62HEX) This register is used to configure and initiate a measurement. See table 3 below. A new conversion is started simply by writing 8-bit configuration data having SCO=1 to the measurement control register (E2/62HEX). Table 3. Measurement control register (E2/62HEX) description Bit Number Bit Name Description Value 7-5 OSRS Over Sampling Ratio (OSR) Selection 4 TEMPREGEN 3 SCO Temperature Mode Regulator Enable Start Conversion 2-1 SEL Capacitive/ VDD Monitoring / Temperature Selection 0 XRC Front end function selector The OSRS over sampling ratio selection bits choose between five different OSR values. High OSR value corresponds to high resolution but also longer conversion time. See Electrical characteristics for further details. The TEMPREGEN bit enables/disables the internal temperature mode voltage regulator. The regulator need to be enabled (TEMPREGEN=1) only in temperature mode and it should be disabled (TEMPREGEN=0) in capacitance and VDD monitoring modes. When enabled the regulator is turned on during conversions and automatically turned off after each conversion to save power. Note also that if in Test register FOSC=1 and if TEMPREGEN=1 the regulator is forced on all the time even when measurement is not running. 000 001 010 011 100 0 1 0 1 00 01 10 11 0 1 Function OSR = 256 OSR = 512 OSR = 1024 OSR = 2048 OSR = 4096 Voltage regulator disabled Voltage regulator enabled No conversion Start conversion External capacitive sensor VDD level monitoring Internal temperature sensor Ratio converter Difference converter The SCO Start conversion bit needs to be set 1 for every new measurement. It is automatically reset to 0 after each measurement. The SEL sensor selection bits control the front-end multiplexer. It connects either the external capacitive sensor (SEL=00), VDD level monitoring voltage (SEL=01) or the internal temperature sensor (SEL=10) to the ∆Σ-converter. The XRC bit selects between two external capacitive sensor measurement modes. The XRC bit selection does not have any effect on temperature or VDD level monitoring measurements. In Ratio converter mode the output will be proportional to capacitance ratio (CS-CR)/CS. In Difference converter mode the output will be proportional to capacitance difference (CS-CR). 12 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 CS AND CR CAPACITOR MATRIX REGISTERS (E3/63HEX AND E4/64HEX) There are two internal capacitor matrices that add capacitance in parallel to the sensor capacitor (CS) and the reference capacitor (CR). These offset capacitances are used to adjust the sensor signal to an optimal range. Each capacitor matrix has a selectable capacitance from 0pF up to 22pF in typical 86fF steps. The three sigma process variation of the capacitor matrix capacitance is ±10%.The CS capacitor matrix register (E3/63HEX) has a corresponding EEPROM byte (C3/43HEX) for storing the trim value. Also the CR capacitor matrix register (E4/64HEX) has corresponding EEPROM byte (C4/44HEX) for storing the trim value. After finding suitable CS and CR capacitor matrix register values the trim values can be stored in the corresponding non-volatile EEPROM addresses. In normal operating mode these trim values are automatically read from the EEPROM during each conversion start. See also table 10 Trimming control Register (EE/6EHEX) for other operating modes. Table 4. CS capacitor matrix register (E3/63HEX), EEPROM (C3/43HEX) Bit Number Bit Name Description Value 7-0 OCDACS CDAC control bits 0HEX…FFHEX Table 5. CR capacitor matrix register (E4/64HEX), EEPROM (C4/44HEX) Bit Number Bit Name Description Value 7-0 OCDACR CDAC control bits 0HEX…FFHEX Function CS offset trimming Function CR offset trimming GAIN REGISTER (E5/65HEX) The gain register sets the excitation signal level for the capacitive sensor. The eight bits (GRDAC) can be programmed to values between 0 and 255. Together with the CS and the CR capacitor matrix trim parameters it’s used to adjust the sensor signal to an optimal range. The goal is to get a maximum dynamic range and keep the signal within linear input range of the ∆Σ-modulator. This condition is met when the signal minimum and maximum covers the whole linear input range. The output of MAS6510 has the relationship to the ∆Σ-modulator output: following VS= (VDD/1.8V)*(33mV+GRDAC*2.88mV) VR = (VDD/1.8V)*144mV CS = External sensor + CS matrix capacitance CR = External reference + CR capacitance CREF = 6pF, three sigma variation ±10% In case of capacitance ratio measurement mode; C V QAVE = 1 − R ∗ R CS VS In this mode the gain register value GRDAC sets the VS level. CODE = QAVE ⋅ CODEFS QAVE is the average measurement result (from the over sampling) of the ∆Σ-modulator and varies from 0 to 1. The CODEFS is the maximum output code which depends on OSR. See page 5 Full output code range specification in the Electrical characteristics table. The linear signal range of the modulator is from QAVE=10% to QAVE =90%. In case of capacitance difference measurement mode; QAVE = In this mode the gain register value GRDAC sets the VS level. 1 CS − C R V + ∗ S 2 CREF 2 ∗ VR VS = (VDD/1.8V)*GRDAC*0.52mV VR= (VDD/1.8V)*100.8mV CS = External sensor + CS matrix capacitance CR = External reference + CR capacitance The gain register (E5/65HEX) has a corresponding EEPROM byte (C5/45HEX). After finding a suitable gain register value it can be stored in the EEPROM memory. In normal operating mode the gain trim value is read automatically from the EEPROM during each conversion start. Table 6. Gain register (E5/65HEX), EEPROM (C5/45HEX) Bit Number Bit Name Description Value 7-0 GRDAC RDAC control bits 0HEX…FFHEX Function Gain control by sensor excitation signal level control 13 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY CONTROL REGISTER (E6/66HEX) Note that the internal clock oscillator frequency has been factory trimmed and the trim value has been stored in the EEPROM (C6/46HEX). It is recommended not to change the factory programmed value! The oscillator frequency control register (E6/66HEX) is for trimming the internal clock oscillator to 200 kHz frequency. This 200 kHz can be measured at the OSC pin. The six LSB bits adjust the oscillator period in 104ns steps. The period increases when the trim value increases. Typically a register value of 28HEX corresponds to the nominal 200 kHz clock oscillator frequency. After finding a suitable trim value it can be stored to the EEPROM (C6/46HEX). Table 7. Oscillator frequency control register (E6/66HEX) Bit Number Bit Name Description 5-0 OSCF Oscillator frequency control bits Value Function 0HEX…3FHEX Oscillator frequency control EEPROM DATA INPUT REGISTER (E8/68HEX) This register can be ignored by user. It is related to internal EEPROM operations and updated automatically during every EEPROM write operation. EEPROM WRITE ENABLE REGISTER (E9/69HEX) The EEPROM is normally write protected. To enable write the EEPROM write enable register should be set to %00000100 (04HEX). To disable write the register should be set to %00000000 (00HEX) which is the register default value after power-on-rest or manual reset by XCLR or reset register. Note: don’t use any other EEPROM write enable register values than these two since other register bits are reserved for internal testing purpose only. Table 8. EEPROM write enable register (E9/69HEX) Bit Number Bit Name Description 7-3 2 EWE EEPROM write enable 1-0 Value Function 00000 Reserved. Keep these bits always 0. EEPROM write disabled EEPROM write enabled Reserved. Keep these bits always 0. 0 1 00 After a power-on-reset and in normal operation the EEPROM write enable register has the default value 00HEX. 14 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 CONVERSION RESULT REGISTERS (EA…ECHEX) After measuring capacitance, temperature or supply voltage the 24-bit conversion result is stored into three register addresses EA…ECHEX. The MSB (most significant byte) is at EAHEX, ISB (intermediate significant byte) at EBHEX and LSB (least significant byte) at ECHEX. EEPROM STATUS REGISTER (ED/6DHEX) The EEPROM status register (ED/6DHEX) indicates if the stored EEPROM byte is corrupted. The register is updated after each EEPROM data byte read command. See table 9 below. The ERROR bit tells whether a data error has been detected or not. The DED bit tells whether two or more bit errors have been detected. The EEPROM can correct internally only single bit errors i.e. when ERROR=1 and DED=0. The read EEPROM data byte is corrupted if ERROR=DED=1. Table 9. MAS6510 EEPROM status register (ED/6DHEX). Only bits (7:6) are used. Bit Number Bit Name Description Value 7 ERROR 6 DED EEPROM error detection EEPROM double error detection 5-0 0 1 0 1 000000 Function No errors Error detected No errors 2 (or more) data errors - TRIMMING CONTROL REGISTER (EE/6EHEX) The Trimming control register (EE/6EHEX) is used to select between different trimming operating modes. See table 10 showing the functions of the Trimming control register. After a power-up reset, master reset via XCLR or a software reset via serial bus the Trimming control register (EE/6EHEX) gets the value %00000000 (00HEX). This is the normal operating mode for a trimmed MAS6510 device. In this mode the capacitive front-end trim values to use (CS, CR and Gain) are automatically read from the EEPROM memory in the beginning of each conversion start. When calibrating a sensor there is an operating mode in which only the factory calibrated internal Table 10. Trimming control Register (EE/6EHEX) Bit Bit Name Description Number 7-0 REGEE<7:0> EEPROM control bits oscillator (OSC) clock trim data is read from the EEPROM memory. This mode is selected by writing %10101010 (AAHEX) to the Trimming control register. In this mode it is possible to run conversion tests for different front-end trim register values before suitable values are found and programmed to the EEPROM. There is also a trimming mode in which all trim data including the internal oscillator trim data is taken from the trim registers rather than from the EEPROM. This mode is selected by writing %11111111 (FFHEX) to the Trimming control register. Value Function 00000000 All trim data from EEPROM (normal operating mode) Only OSC from EEPROM All trim data from registers All trim data from EEPROM 10101010 11111111 OTHER 15 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 EEPROM WRITE PROCEDURE START POWER UP DEVICE Connect supply voltage VDD INITIAL CONDITIONS Reset device by XCLR or by writing any data to the reset register E0/60HEX ENABLE EEPROM WRITE Write 04HEX to the EEPROM write enable register E9/69HEX WRITE DATA TO EEPROM Write data byte (8-bit) to selected EEPROM memory address WAIT Wait minimum 16ms after writing byte (8-bit) to EEPROM VERIFY WRITTEN DATA Read the written data byte (8-bit) from the EEPROM memory address yes Write more data? no DISABLE EEPROM WRITE Write 00HEX to the EEPROM write enable register E9/69HEX STOP Figure 3. Flow chart for MAS6510 EEPROM write Important note: Before EEPROM programming make sure that in the Test register (E1/61HEX) the SOSC=00 is selected. That selects 200 kHz system clock frequency which is required for the proper EEPROM programming pulses. This condition is guaranteed by making device reset either using the reset register (E0/60HEX) or the XCLR pin. Note: In the “VERIFY WRITTEN DATA” step it could be also additionally checked that the EEPROM status register (ED/6DHEX) does not indicate read errors. 16 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 EEPROM WRITE PROCEDURE This chapter gives instructions for writing data to the EEPROM memory. This selects 200 kHz clock which is required in the EEPROM programming. The MAS6510 24 bit Capacitance-to-Digital Converter (CDC) has a 256 bit (32 bytes) EEPROM memory. 8 bits (1 byte) has been reserved for storing internal clock oscillator trimming data and other 8 bits (1 byte) for the programmable I2C device address. There are also 24 bits (3 bytes) for trimming the capacitive sensor front-end. The remaining 216 bits (27 bytes) are free for storing sensor calibration data and other use. EEPROM write is enabled by writing value 04HEX to the EEPROM write enable register (E9/69HEX). The default register value after power on is 00HEX. See figure 3 on previous page showing the EEPROM write procedure. Make sure in the beginning of the EEPROM write procedure that the MAS6510 initial conditions are met. Connecting VDD triggers power-on-reset (POR) but to make sure the device is reset an additional reset should be given using the XCLR pin or writing any data on the reset register E0/60HEX via the serial bus. The device reset will guarantee that SOSC=0 is selected in the test register (E1/61HEX). Next the data can be written to the EEPROM memory one byte (8-bit) at a time. It is necessary to have a delay of minimum 16ms after programming each byte (8-bit). The success of each write can be verified by reading back the data (8-bit) and comparing it to the original byte (8-bit). Additionally it is also possible to check the EEPROM status register (ED/6DHEX) value after each read back. The EEPROM status register value should be 00HEX when the read EEPROM data byte is free of errors. After all data bytes are written the EEPROM memory can be protected from write by writing 00HEX to the EEPROM write enable register (E9/69HEX). See table 1 showing the MAS6510 register and EEPROM data addresses. 17 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 SERIAL DATA INTERFACE CONTROL Serial Interface MAS6510 can be operated either via 2-wire serial I2C bus or via 4-wire serial SPI bus. Selection between I2C and SPI communication is done by XSPI pin. XSPI=high selects I2C and XSPI=low selects SPI communication. Digital interface includes also end of conversion (EOC) and master reset (XCLR) pins. Rising edge in the EOC pin indicates that the conversion is ready and the result can be read out through serial interface. 2-wire serial I2C bus type interface comprises of serial clock input (SCL) and bi-directional serial data (SDA) input/output. I2C bus is used to write configuration data to sensor interface IC and read the measurement result when A/D conversion has been finished. The interface is also used for reading the calibration EEPROM memory. XCLR is used to reset the MAS6510. A reset initializes registers (set to value 00HEX), counters and the serial communication bus. Alternatively device can be reset via serial bus by writing any data to Reset register (address E0/60HEX). The Reset register bits don’t have any function. Reading from the reset register is not possible. Note: The 2-wire I2C bus of MAS6510 supports only basic I2C bus communication protocol but not for example 10-bit addressing, arbitration and clock stretching features of the I2C bus specification. After connecting the supply voltage to MAS6510, and before starting operating the device via the serial bus, it is required to reset the device if the supply voltage rise time has been longer than 1ms. However it is recommended to reset the device manually after every power up to guarantee proper register settings after any VDD rise conditions The alternative 4-wire serial SPI bus type interface comprises of serial clock input (SCLK), serial data input (MOSI), serial data output (MISO) and chip select input (XCS). I2C Bus Communication In MAS6510 the I2C bus communication is selected by setting XSPI pin high. The I2C bus standard makes it possible to connect several devices on same bus. The devices are distinguished from each other by unique device addresses. In MAS6510 there is both a hard wired and programmable device address. Both hard wired and programmable addresses can be used to address MAS6510. The MAS6510 hard wired device address is shown in the following table. The LSB bit of the device address defines whether the bus is configured to Read (1) or Write (0) operation. The programmable device address is located in the EEPROM register C2HEX which has been factory programmed to value ECHEX (%11101100) which is the same as the fixed device address of MAS6510. When unique device address is needed it can be programmed to this register. The programmable I2C device address is read from EEPROM memory only during power on reset or manual reset situations. To guarantee that the programmable address is read from EEPROM the device can be reset manually by using XCLR pin or Reset register (E0/60HEX). Table 11. MAS6510 hard wired I2C bus device address (EC/EDHEX) A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 W/R 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0/1 I2C Bus Protocol Definitions Data transfer is initiated with a Start bit (S) when SDA is pulled low while SCL stays high. Then, SDA sets the transferred bit while SCL is low and the data is sampled (received) when SCL rises. When the transfer is complete, a Stop bit (P) is sent by releasing the data line to allow it to be pulled up while SCL is constantly high. when SCL is high. Data at the SDA pin can change value only when SCL is low. Each SDA line byte transfer must contain 8-bits where the most significant bit (MSB) always comes first. Each byte has to be followed by an acknowledge bit (see further below). The number of bytes transmitted per transfer is unrestricted. Figure 4 shows the start (S) and stop (P) bits and a data bit. Data must be held stable at the SDA pin 18 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 2-WIRE SERIAL DATA INTERFACE (I2C BUS) S SDA SCL 1 0 P Figure 4. I2C bus protocol definitions Bus communication includes Acknowledge (A) and not Acknowledge (N) messages. To send an acknowledge the receiver device pulls the SDA low for one SCL clock cycle. For not acknowledge (N) Abbreviations: A= Acknowledge by Receiver N = Not Acknowledge by Receiver S = Start Sr = Repeated Start the receiver device leaves the SDA high for one SCL clock cycle in which case the master can then generate either a Stop (P) bit to abort the transfer, or a repeated Start (Sr) bit to start a new transfer. P = Stop = from Master (MCU) to Slave (MAS6510) = from Slave (MAS6510) to Master (MCU) Conversion Starting – Write Sequence Conversion is started by writing configuration bits into the Measurement control register (address E2HEX). The write sequence is illustrated in Table 12. Table 12. MAS6510 I2C bus write sequence of Measurement control register S AW A MC A DC A P Abbreviations: AW = Device Write Address ECHEX (%1110 1100) AR = Device Read Address EDHEX (%1110 1101) MC = Meas. control register 62HEX (%0110 0010) Ax = Conversion Result Registers’ Addresses; MSB (x=M, 6AHEX %0110 1010), ISB (x=I, 6BHEX %0110 1011) or LSB (x=L, 6CHEX %0110 1100) Each serial bus operation, like write, starts with the start (S) bit (see figure 4). After start (S) the MAS6510 device address with write bit (AW, see table 11) is sent followed by an Acknowledge (A). After this the Measurement control register address (see table 1) is sent and followed by an Acknowledge (A). Next the Measurement control DC = Measurement Control Register Data Dx = Conversion Result Register Data; MSB (x=M), ISB (x=I) or LSB (x=L) register data (DC, see table 3) is written and followed by an Acknowledge (A). Finally the serial bus operation is ended with stop (P) command (see figure 4). A new A/D conversion starts right after Measurement control register bits containing SCO=1 are received. A/D Conversion After power on reset or external reset (XCLR) the EOC output is high. After an A/D conversion is started the EOC output is set low until the conversion is finished and the EOC goes back high, indicating that the conversion is done and data is ready for reading. The EOC is set low only by starting a new conversion. To save power the internal oscillator runs only during conversion. During an A/D conversion the input signal is sampled continuously leading to an output conversion result that is a weighted average of the samples taken. 19 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 2-WIRE SERIAL DATA INTERFACE (I2C BUS) Conversion Result – Read Sequence Table 13 presents a general control sequence for a single register data read. Table 13. MAS6510 I2C bus single register (address Ax) read sequence bits S AW A Ax A Sr AR A Dx N P Table 14 shows the control sequence for reading the 24-bit A/D conversion result from the Conversion result registers. The ISB (DI) and LSB (DL) register data read can follow right after the MSB register data (DM) read since if the read sequence is continued (not ended by a Stop bit P) the register address is automatically incremented to point to the next register. Table 14. MAS6510 I2C bus MSB (first), MID (second) and LSB (third) A/D conversion result read sequence S AW A AM A Sr AR A DM A DI A DL N P 4-WIRE SERIAL DATA INTERFACE (SPI BUS) SPI bus communication is selected by setting XSPI pin low. “Register and EEPROM data addresses”). In write access bit A7 cleared (0) and in read access it is set (1). SPI communication differs from I2C bus in the following way. It requires four wires for bi-directional communication since each line operates in one direction only. Device selection is done by using separate chip select XCS control lines instead of using device address. Each SPI bus device has its own XCS control line and a device is selected by pulling its XCS line low (see figure 5 below). The fourth wire in the SPI bus is the serial clock line, SCLK. Data is transferred at rising edges of the serial clock during which the data line should be stable. Figure 5 illustrates write access communication. MAS6510 has an auto increment function which means that if there are more than one data byte transferred the additional data bytes are delivered to following register addresses. In write communication the MISO line is high impedance. In SPI bus communication it is good to note that setting XCS low activates the EEPROM memory regardless of the XSPI setting and the device consumes 20µA …30µA current. To minimize current consumption XCS should be set low only during time periods when the device is used during SPI communication. The selection between write or read access is done by register address MSB bit A7 (see table 1 XCS SCLK SCK MOSI SDA MISO MSB Register Address Byte LSB MSB Data Byte LSB High Z Figure 5. SPI Protocol – Write Access (register address MSB bit A7=0) 20 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 4-WIRE SERIAL DATA INTERFACE (SPI BUS) Figure 6 illustrates read access communication. The auto increment function can be utilized also in read access and if there are more than one data XCS byte read the additional data bytes are delivered from following register addresses. SCK SCLK SDA MOSI MISO MSB Register Address Byte High Z Ignored LSB MSB Data Byte LSB Figure 6. SPI Protocol – Read Access (register address MSB bit A7=1) 21 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 TRIMMING FOR SENSOR CAPACITANCE MAS6510 has two different capacitance measurement modes. The output can be proportional either to capacitance difference (CS-CR) or to capacitance ratio (CS-CR)/CS. range minimum and maximum limits the average of the ∆Σ-modulator output is 10% and 90% respectively. In the following trimming equations we denote these by For trimming it is necessary to know the sensor capacitance CS range CS MIN…CS MAX. For optimal utilization of the MAS6510 input range the trimming is based on selecting the minimum linear range capacitance same as CS MIN and maximum linear range capacitance same as CS MAX. At the linear DMIN = 0.1 DMAX = 0.9 In the capacitance measurement the internal regulator should be disabled (TEMPREGEN=0) and the external capacitive sensor selected (SEL=00). MAS6510 in capacitance difference mode The reference capacitor value CR is calculated from CR = [CS MIN*(DMAX-0.5)-CS MAX*(DMIN-0.5)] / (DMAX-DMIN) If an external CR is used, it is connected between pins CR and CC. If an internal CR is used, the trim code for CR is calculated from REGE4HEX = (CR/CR MAX)*255 where CR MAX is nominally 22pF, but subject to ±10 % (±3 sigma) process variation. The reference voltage, VS, can be calculated using the following equation: VS = [144mV*(DMAX-DMIN)*2*CREF] / (CS MAX-CS MIN) where CREF is nominally 6 pF, but also has ±10 % variation. The gain register trim value is calculated from REGE5HEX = [(VS-33 mV) / 734mV]*255 REGE4HEX and REGE5HEX are 8-bit values, so they range from 0 to 255. When their values are found, the same values can be written to corresponding EEPROM addresses C4HEX and C5HEX. However, with SPI bus, the address MSB in write operation is 0, so the addresses are actually 44HEX and 45HEX. Example: Single capacitance sensor CS MIN=8pF CS MAX=12pF CR = [8pF*(0.9-0.5)-12pF*(0.1-0.5)]/(0.9-0.1) = 10pF REGE4HEX = (10pF/22pF)*255 = 115.9 ~ 116 VS = [144mV*(0.9-0.1)*2*6pF] / (12pF-8pF) = 345.6mV REGE5HEX = [(345.6-33 mV) / 734mV]*255 = 108.6 ~109 REGE3HEX = 0 (no internal CS capacitor matrix used) 22 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 TRIMMING FOR SENSOR CAPACITANCE MAS6510 in capacitance ratio mode The reference capacitor CR is calculated from CR = [CS MIN*CS MAX*(DMAX-DMIN)] / (CS MAX*DMAX-CS MIN*DMIN) If an external CR is used, it is connected between pins CR and CC. If an internal CR is used, the trim code for CR is calculated from REGE4HEX = (CR/CR MAX)*255 where CR MAX is nominally 22pF, but subject to ±10 % (±3 sigma) process variation. The reference voltage, VS, can be calculated using the following equation: VS = 100.8mV * (CS MAX-CS MIN) / (CS MAX*DMAX-CS MIN*DMIN) The gain register trim value is calculated from REGE5HEX = (VS / 133.3mV)*255 REGE4HEX and REGE5HEX are 8-bit values, so they range from 0 to 255. When their values are found, the same values can be written to corresponding EEPROM addresses C4HEX and C5HEX. However, with SPI bus, the address MSB in write operation is 0, so the addresses are actually 44HEX and 45HEX. Example: Single capacitance sensor CS MIN=8pF CS MAX=12pF CR = [8pF*12pF*(0.9-0.1)] / (12pF*0.9-8pF*0.1) = 7.68pF REGE4HEX = (7.68pF/22pF)*255 = 89.0 ~ 89 VS = 100.8mV*)/(12pF-8pF)/(12pF*0.9-8pF*0.1)=40.32mV REGE5HEX = (40.32mV/133.3mV)*255 = 77.1 ~ 77 REGE3HEX = 0 (no internal CS capacitor matrix used) 23 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 TEMPERATURE MODE The MAS6510 has an internal temperature sensor for temperature measurement. The temperature sensor output is proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT). The temperature information is needed for temperature indication and temperature compensation. already the smallest over sampling ratio (OSR) selection 256 offers sufficient resolution for the temperature measurement. The internal temperature sensor has offset and gain variation but small non-linearity (see Electrical Characteristics table). Depending on temperature measurement accuracy requirement the offset, the gain and the non-linearity all can be compensated by external calculations. In low precision the offset and gain calibration is sufficient but in high precision the second order non-linearity calibration can be included. The temperature measurement is started by writing configuration data to the measurement control register (E2/62HEX). In the temperature measurement the internal regulator has to be enabled (TEMPREGEN=1) and the internal temperature sensor selected (SEL=10). The ratio and difference converter bit (XRC) selection does not have any influence on the result. Typically Linear temperature sensor model The linear temperature measurement model for output code is following. CODE = CODEFS ⋅ (a + b ⋅ (T − TREF )) The OSR selects full scale output code range value CODEFS. See Electrical Characteristics for CODEFSDIFF at different OSR values. If the temperature T is presented in °C and referenced to TREF=0°C then the typical linearized temperature sensor model parameter values a and b are as follows. a=0.38944 b=4.4329e-3 However it should be noted that the sensor has significant offset (parameter a) variation and also the gain (parameter b) has some variation and that the above values represent only typical values. The non-linearity temperature error after offset and gain calibration (best fit line) is typically <±0.5°C in the temperature range 40°C…+85°C. 2nd order temperature sensor model nd For higher precision the 2 order temperature measurement model for output code is following ( 2 CODE = CODEFS ⋅ a + b ⋅ (T − TREF ) + c ⋅ (T − TREF ) ) nd If the temperature T is presented in °C and referenced to TREF=0°C then the typical 2 order temperature sensor model parameter values a, b and c are as follows. a=0.38826 b=4.3967e-3 c=8.1098e-7 Above sensor model parameters are typical values which are subject to variations. The temperature error after nd offset, gain and 2 order non-linearity calibration is typically <±0.1°C in the temperature range -40°C…+85°C. 24 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 VDD LEVEL MONITORING MODE The MAS6510 has VDD level monitoring feature to measure supply voltage level which is useful especially in battery operated systems. In systems in which VDD can vary the VDD level monitoring could be also used to compensate VDD dependency. monitoring mode the regulator has to be disabled (TEMPREGEN=0) and VDD level monitoring selected (SEL=01). The ratio and difference converter bit (XRC) selection does not have any influence on the result. Typically the smallest over sampling ratio (OSR) selection 256 offers sufficient resolution for the VDD level monitoring. The VDD level monitoring measurement is started by writing configuration data to the measurement control register (E2/62HEX). In the VDD level VDD level monitoring model The VDD level monitoring model for output code is following. b CODE = CODEFS ⋅ a − VDD The output has inverse relationship to supply voltage VDD. The OSR selects full scale output code range value CODEFS. See Electrical Characteristics for CODEFS at different OSR values. The typical VDD level monitoring model parameter values a and b are as follows. a=1.6375 b=2.6942 Note that these parameter values are subject to about two percent variations. The supply voltage VDD can be solved from the output result as follows. VDD = b CODE a− CODEFS Figure 7 presents typical output code as function of supply voltage at OSR=256 (CODEFS=227328). Figure 8 present supply voltage as function of output code at OSR=256 (CODEFS=227328). 210000 3.6 3.4 180000 3.2 3.0 VDD [V] CODE [LSB] 150000 120000 90000 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 60000 2.0 30000 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 VDD [V] Figure 7. CODE(VDD) at VDD level monitoring 3.6 1.8 30000 60000 90000 120000 150000 180000 210000 CODE [LSB] Figure 8. VDD(CODE) at VDD level monitoring 25 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 APPLICATION INFORMATION VDD 100n VDD GND OSC MUX CS VDD 4k7 MISO CLK OSC I2C / MCU SCL/SCLK Cs SPI CC XCS CONTROL VDD XSPI Cr optional 4k7 SDA/MOSI CR ∆Σ VREG TEMP EEPROM EOC optional XCLR optional VREG TEST1 TEST TEST2 GND GND GND NOTE: It is recommended to use the XCLR reset feature to solve unexpected error state conditions. The XCLR pin can be left unconnected if not used. It has internal pull up to VDD. Figure 9. MAS6510 configured for I2C bus communication Note: MAS6510 has an effective ESD clamp protection structure that can be triggered if the VDD rises too fast. For this reason it’s recommended to use a supply decoupling capacitor having a value of 100nF or higher to slow down the VDD rise time. Note: The voltage regulator output VREG does not require external capacitor as shown in figure 9. However if an output capacitor is wanted to be used for extra filtering the capacitor value should not be higher than 6.8nF. Accuracy Improvement – Averaging An averaging technique can be used to remove conversion errors caused by noise and thus improve measurement accuracy. By doing several A/D conversions and calculating the average result it’s possible to average out noise. Theoretically the noise is reduced by a factor N where N is the number of averaged samples. A/D converter nonlinearities cannot be removed by averaging. 26 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 9 CR 10 CC 11 CS 12 GND MAS6510 IN QFN-16 4x4x0.75 PACKAGE TEST1 15 XCS 1 EOC 16 8 VREG 7 XCLR 6 SCL_SCLK 5 SDA_MOSI VDD 4 TEST2 14 MISO 3 OSCOUT 13 XSPI 2 MAS6510 CA1 YYWW XXXXX Top Marking Information: MAS6510 = Product Number, CA1 = Version Number YYWW = Year Week XXXXX = Lot Number QFN-16 4x4x0.75 PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Name Pin Type XCS XSPI 1 2 DI DI MISO VDD SDA_MOSI 3 4 5 DO P DI/O SCL_SLCK XCLR VREG CR CC CS GND OSC TEST2 TEST1 EOC 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DI DI AO AI AI AI G DI/DO AI/O DO DO Function Chip Select (SPI) SPI / I2C Bus Selection SPI: XSPI=low I2C: XSPI=high Master Input Slave Output (SPI) Power Supply Voltage Serial Bus Data (I2C) Master Output Salve Input (SPI) Serial Bus Clock (I2C / SPI) Master Reset Voltage Regulator Output 1.8V Reference Capacitance Pin Common Capacitance Pin Sensing Capacitance Pin Power Supply Ground Oscillator Input / Output Test pin 2 Test pin 1 End of Conversion Note 1 P = Power, G = Ground, DO = Digital Output, , DI = Digital Input, AO = Analog Output, AI = Analog Input Note 1: The XCLR pin has internal pull up to VDD. If not used the XCLR pin can be left unconnected. Note: The exposed pad of the QFN package should be connected to the GND. 27 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 PACKAGE (QFN-16 4X4x0.75) OUTLINE D D/2 E/2 TOP VIEW A3 A PIN 1 MARK AREA SIDE VIEW DETAIL A A1 SEATING PLANE Package Center Line X or Y D2 b D2/2 L e BOTTOM VIEW EXPOSED PAD DETAIL A Symbol Terminal Tip e/2 E2 E2/2 SHAPE OF PIN #1 IDENTIFICATION IS OPTIONAL Min Nom Max PACKAGE DIMENSIONS A 0.700 0.750 0.800 A1 0.000 0.020 0.050 A3 0.203 REF b 0.250 --0.350 D 3.950 4.000 4.050 D2 (Exposed.pad) 2.700 --2.900 E 3.950 4.000 4.050 E2 (Exposed.pad) 2.700 --2.900 e 0.650 BSC L 0.350 --0.450 Dimensions do not include mold or interlead flash, protrusions or gate burrs. Unit mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm 28 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 SOLDERING INFORMATION ◆ For Lead-Free / Green QFN 4mm x 4mm Resistance to Soldering Heat Maximum Temperature Maximum Number of Reflow Cycles Reflow profile According to RSH test IEC 68-2-58/20 260°C 3 Thermal profile parameters stated in IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 should not be exceeded. http://www.jedec.org Solder plate 7.62 - 25.4 µm, material Matte Tin Lead Finish EMBOSSED TAPE SPECIFICATIONS P2 PO P1 D0 T X E F W B0 R 0.25 typ K0 X A0 User Direction of Feed Orientation on tape Dimension Ao Bo Do E F Ko Po P1 P2 T W Min/Max 4.30 ±0.10 4.30 ±0.10 1.50 +0.1/-0.0 1.75 5.50 ±0.05 1.10 ±0.10 4.0 8.0 ±0.10 2.0 ±0.05 0.3 ±0.05 12.00 ±0.3 All dimensions in millimeters Unit mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm 29 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 REEL SPECIFICATIONS W2 A D C Tape Slot for Tape Start N B W1 Carrier Tape Cover Tape End Start Trailer Dimension A B C D N W 1 (measured at hub) W 2 (measured at hub) Trailer Leader Components Min Leader Max 330 1.5 12.80 20.2 100 12.4 13.50 14.4 18.4 160 390, of which minimum 160 mm of empty carrier tape sealed with cover tape Unit mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Reel Material: Conductive, Plastic Antistatic or Static Dissipative Carrier Tape Material: Conductive Cover Tape Material: Static Dissipative 30 (31) DA6510.005 5 November, 2013 ORDERING INFORMATION Product Code Product Description MAS6510CA1WA100 Capacitive Sensor Signal Interface IC Capacitive Sensor Signal Interface IC Capacitive Sensor Signal Interface IC EWS-tested wafer, thickness 480 µm MAS6510CA1WA105 MAS6510CA1Q1706 Dies on waffle pack, thickness 480 µm QFN-16 4x4x0.75 Package, Pb-free, RoHS compliant, Tape & Reel, 1000 / 3000 pcs components on reel Contact Micro Analog Systems Oy for other wafer thickness options. LOCAL DISTRIBUTOR MICRO ANALOG SYSTEMS OY CONTACTS Micro Analog Systems Oy Kutomotie 16 FI-00380 Helsinki, FINLAND Tel. +358 10 835 1100 Fax +358 10 835 1119 http://www.mas-oy.com NOTICE Micro Analog Systems Oy (MAS) reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this data sheet in order to improve the design or performance and to supply the best possible products. MAS assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits shown in this data sheet, conveys no license under any patent or other rights unless otherwise specified in this data sheet, and makes no claim that the circuits are free from patent infringement. Applications for any devices shown in this data sheet are for illustration only and MAS makes no claim or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the use specified without further testing or modification. MAS products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the MAS product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safetyrelated requirements concerning their products and any use of MAS products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by MAS. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify MAS and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of MAS products in such safety-critical applications. MAS products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of MAS products which MAS has not designated as military-grade is solely at the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use. MAS products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated products in automotive applications, MAS will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements. 31 (31)