HT45F56 - Holtek

Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
HT45F56
Revision: V1.00
Date: ����������������
January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Table of Contents
Features............................................................................................................. 5
CPU Features.......................................................................................................................... 5
Peripheral Features.................................................................................................................. 5
General Description.......................................................................................... 6
Block Diagram................................................................................................... 6
Pin Assignment................................................................................................. 6
Pin Descriptions............................................................................................... 7
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................................. 8
D.C. Characteristics.......................................................................................... 8
A.C. Characteristics.......................................................................................... 9
LVR Electrical Characteristics....................................................................... 10
Comparator Electrical Characteristics......................................................... 10
R-2R D/A Converter Electrical Characteristics............................................ 10
Shock Sensor Amplifier Electrical Characteristics..................................... 10
Debounce Circuit Electrical Characteristics.................................................11
Power-on Reset Characteristics.....................................................................11
System Architecture....................................................................................... 12
Clocking and Pipelining.......................................................................................................... 12
Program Counter.................................................................................................................... 13
Stack...................................................................................................................................... 14
Arithmetic and Logic Unit – ALU............................................................................................ 14
Flash Program Memory.................................................................................. 15
Structure................................................................................................................................. 15
Special Vectors...................................................................................................................... 15
Look-up Table......................................................................................................................... 15
Table Program Example......................................................................................................... 16
In Circuit Programming – ICP................................................................................................ 17
On-Chip Debug Support – OCDS.......................................................................................... 18
Data Memory................................................................................................... 18
Structure................................................................................................................................. 18
General Purpose Data Memory............................................................................................. 19
Special Purpose Data Memory.............................................................................................. 19
Special Function Register Description......................................................... 20
Indirect Addressing Registers – IAR0, IAR1.......................................................................... 20
Memory Pointers – MP0, MP1............................................................................................... 20
Bank Pointer – BP.................................................................................................................. 21
Accumulator – ACC................................................................................................................ 21
Program Counter Low Register – PCL................................................................................... 21
Look-up Table Registers – TBLP, TBLH................................................................................. 21
Status Register – STATUS..................................................................................................... 22
Rev. 1.00
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
EEPROM Data Memory................................................................................... 24
EEPROM Data Memory Structure......................................................................................... 24
EEPROM Registers............................................................................................................... 24
Reading Data from the EEPROM.......................................................................................... 26
Writing Data to the EEPROM................................................................................................. 26
Write Protection...................................................................................................................... 26
EEPROM Interrupt................................................................................................................. 26
Programming Considerations................................................................................................. 27
Oscillator......................................................................................................... 28
Oscillator Overview................................................................................................................ 28
System Clock Configurations................................................................................................. 28
Internal High Speed RC Oscillator – HIRC............................................................................ 29
Internal 32kHz Oscillator – LIRC............................................................................................ 29
Supplementary Oscillators..................................................................................................... 29
Operating Modes and System Clocks.......................................................... 29
System Clocks....................................................................................................................... 29
System Operation Modes....................................................................................................... 30
Control Registers................................................................................................................... 31
Operating Mode Switching..................................................................................................... 33
Standby Current Considerations............................................................................................ 37
Wake-up................................................................................................................................. 37
Watchdog Timer.............................................................................................. 38
Watchdog Timer Clock Source............................................................................................... 38
Watchdog Timer Control Register.......................................................................................... 38
Watchdog Timer Operation.................................................................................................... 39
Reset and Initialisation................................................................................... 40
Reset Functions..................................................................................................................... 40
Reset Initial Conditions.......................................................................................................... 45
Input/Output Ports.......................................................................................... 47
Pull-high Resistors................................................................................................................. 47
Port A Wake-up...................................................................................................................... 48
I/O Port Control Register........................................................................................................ 48
Pin-shared Functions............................................................................................................. 48
I/O Pin Structures................................................................................................................... 49
Programming Considerations................................................................................................. 50
Compact Type Timer Module – CTM............................................................. 51
Compact TM Operation.......................................................................................................... 52
Compact Type TM Register Description................................................................................ 52
Compact Type TM Operation Modes..................................................................................... 56
Programming Considerations................................................................................................. 62
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Digital to Analog Converter........................................................................... 63
Operational Amplifier..................................................................................... 64
Comparators................................................................................................... 65
Comparator Operation........................................................................................................... 65
Comparator Registers............................................................................................................ 65
Interrupts......................................................................................................... 67
Interrupt Registers.................................................................................................................. 67
Interrupt Operation................................................................................................................. 69
Comparator Interrupt.............................................................................................................. 70
Debounce Interrupt................................................................................................................ 71
Time Base Interrupt................................................................................................................ 71
EEPROM Interrupt................................................................................................................. 72
TM Interrupts.......................................................................................................................... 72
Interrupt Wake-up Function.................................................................................................... 73
Programming Considerations................................................................................................. 73
Application Circuits........................................................................................ 74
Sense Magnetic Sensor Module Signal by SEN Pin.............................................................. 74
Instruction Set................................................................................................. 75
Introduction............................................................................................................................ 75
Instruction Timing................................................................................................................... 75
Moving and Transferring Data................................................................................................ 75
Arithmetic Operations............................................................................................................. 75
Logical and Rotate Operation................................................................................................ 76
Branches and Control Transfer.............................................................................................. 76
Bit Operations........................................................................................................................ 76
Table Read Operations.......................................................................................................... 76
Other Operations.................................................................................................................... 76
Instruction Set Summary............................................................................... 77
Table Conventions.................................................................................................................. 77
Instruction Definition...................................................................................... 79
Package Information...................................................................................... 88
8-pin SOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions................................................................................ 89
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Note that 8-pin MCU package types are not marketed in the following
countries: USA, UK, Germany, The Netherlands, France and Italy.
Features
CPU Features
• Operating Voltage: fSYS= 8MHz: 2.2V~5.5V
• Up to 0.5μs instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock at VDD=5V
• Power down and wake-up functions to reduce power consumption
• Oscillator Types
♦♦
Internal High Speed RC – HIRC
♦♦
Internal 32kHz RC – LIRC
• Fully integrated internal 8MHz oscillator requires no external components
• Multi-mode operation: NORMAL, SLOW, IDLE and SLEEP
• All instructions executed in one to three instruction cycles
• Table read instructions
• 63 powerful instructions
• 2-level subroutine nesting
• Bit manipulation instruction
Peripheral Features
• Program Memory: 1K×14
• Data Memory: 32×8
• EEPROM Memory: 32×8
• Watchdog Timer function
• 6 bidirectional I/O lines
• Multiple Timer Modules for time measure, input capture, compare match output, PWM output
function or single pulse output function
• One comparator with hysteresis control and interrupt generation
• One operational amplifier with gain control
• One 6-bit D/A converter
• Debounce circuit for comparator output with interrupt generation
• Dual Time-Base functions for generation of fixed time interrupt signals
• Low voltage reset function
• Flash program memory can be re-programmed up to 100,000 times
• Flash program memory data retention > 10 years
• EEPROM data memory can be re-programmed up to 1,000,000 times
• EEPROM data memory data retention > 10 years
• Package types: 8-pin SOP
Rev. 1.00
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
General Description
The device is a Flash Memory type 8-bit high performance RISC architecture microcontroller with
fully integrated Shock Sensor which is designed for various product applications. Offering users the
convenience of Flash memory multi-programming features, the dvice also includes a wide range of
functions amd features. In addition to the flash program memory, other memory includes areas of
RAM Data memory and EEPROM Data memory.
Analog features include a 6-bit DAC, a comparator and an Operational Amplifier. Multiple and
extremely flexible Timer Modules provide timing, pulse generation and PWM generation functions.
The inclusion of flexible I/O programming features, Time Base functions together with many other
features further enhance device functionality. Protective features such as an internal Watchdog Timer
and Low Voltage Reset coupled with excellent noise immunity and ESD protection ensure that
reliable operation is maintained in hostile electrical environments.
A full choice of HIRC and LIRC oscillator functions are provided including a fully integrated system
oscillator. The ability to operate and switch dynamically between a range of operating modes using
different clock sources gives users the ability to optimise microcontroller operation and minimise
power consumption.
Block Diagram
Reset
Ci�c�it
Flash/EEPROM
P�og�amming
Ci�c�it��
EEPROM
Data
Memo��
Flash
P�og�am
Memo��
Watchdog
Time�
Low
Voltage
Reset
RAM
Data
Memo��
Time
Base
8-bit
RISC
MCU
Co�e
Inte���pt
Cont�olle�
Inte�nal HIRC
Oscillato�
Inte�nal
LIRC
Oscillato�
6-bit D/A
Conve�te�
Time�
Mod�les
I/O
H.W.
Debo�nce
Ope�ational
Amplifie�
Compa�ato�
Pin Assignment
VSS
1
8
PA�/CTCK/ICPCK
PA7/RES
�
7
VDD
PA0/CTP/ICPDA
3
6
PA1/AD1
PA�/SEN
4
�
PA6/AD�
VSS
1
16
VDD
PA�/CTCK/ICPCK
�
1�
PA0/CTP/ICPDA
PA1/AD1
PA7/RES
3
14
PA�/SEN
4
13
PA6/AD�
NC
�
1�
NC
NC
6
11
NC
NC
7
10
NC
OCDSCK
8
9
OCDSDA
HT45V56
16 NSOP-A
HT45F56
8 SOP-A
Note: The OCDSDA and OCDSCK pins are the OCDS dedicated pins and only available for the HT45V56 device
which is the OCDS EV chip for the HT45F56 device.
Rev. 1.00
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Pin Descriptions
With the exception of the power pins and some relevant transformer control pins, all pins on these
devices can be referenced by their Port name, e.g. PA.0, PA.1 etc, which refer to the digital I/O
function of the pins. However these Port pins are also shared with other function such as the Analog
to Digital Converter, Timer Module pins etc. The function of each pin is listed in the following table,
however the details behind how each pin is configured is contained in other sections of the datasheet.
Pad Name
PA0/CTP/ICPDA
PA1/AD1
PA2/CTCK/ICPCK
PA5/SEN
PA6/AD2
PA7/RES
Function
OPT
I/T
O/T
PA0
PAWU
PAPU
PSEL
ST
CMOS
Description
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and
wake-up.
CTP
PSEL
—
CMOS CTM output
ICPDA
—
ST
CMOS ICP Data/Address pin
PA1
PAWU
PAPU
PSEL
ST
CMOS
AD1
PSEL
AN
—
PA2
PAWU
PAPU
PSEL
ST
CMOS
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and
wake-up.
Threshold adjustment input
CTCK
—
ST
ICPCK
—
ST
CMOS ICP Clock pin
PA5
PAWU
PAPU
PSEL
ST
CMOS
SEN
PSEL
AN
—
PA6
PAWU
PAPU
PSEL
ST
CMOS
AD2
PSEL
AN
—
PA7
PAPU
PSEL
ST
CMOS
RES
RSTC
ST
OCDSDA
OCDSDA
—
ST
OCDSCK
—
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and
wake-up.
CTM clock input
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and
wake-up.
Shock sensor analog input
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and
wake-up.
Threshold adjustment input
—
General purpose I/O. Register enabled pull-up and
wake-up.
External reset input
CMOS OCDS Data/Address pin, for EV chip only.
OCDSCK
—
ST
—
OCDS Clock pin, for EV chip only.
VDD
VDD
—
PWR
—
Positive power supply
VSS
VSS
—
PWR
—
Negative power supply, ground.
Legend: I/T: Input type
O/T: Output type
OPT: Optional by configuration option (CO) or register option
ST: Schmitt Trigger input
CMOS: CMOS output
AN: Analog input
PWR: Power
Rev. 1.00
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage.................................................................................................VSS−0.3V to VSS+6.0V
Input Voltage...................................................................................................VSS−0.3V to VDD+0.3V
Storage Temperature.....................................................................................................-50˚C to 125˚C
Operating Temperature...................................................................................................-40˚C to 85˚C
IOL Total...................................................................................................................................... 80mA
IOH Total.....................................................................................................................................-80mA
Total Power Dissipation.......................................................................................................... 500mW
Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under "Absolute Maximum
Ratings" may cause substantial damage to these devices. Functional operation of these devices at
other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to
extreme conditions may affect devices reliability.
D.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Symbol
VDD
Parameter
Operating Voltage (HIRC)
fSYS=8MHz
Typ.
Max.
Unit
─
5.5
V
─
1.1
1.7
μA
─
2.9
4.4
mA
3V fSYS=fH/2
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
1.1
1.6
mA
─
1.8
3.0
mA
3V fSYS=fH/4
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
1.0
1.6
mA
─
1.7
2.8
mA
3V fSYS=fH/8
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
1.0
1.5
mA
─
1.5
2.5
mA
3V fSYS=fH/16
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
0.9
1.4
mA
─
1.4
2.2
mA
3V fSYS=fH/32
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
0.8
1.2
mA
─
1.3
2.0
mA
3V fSYS=fH/64
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
0.8
1.1
mA
─
1.1
1.7
mA
Operating Current (LIRC)
3V fSYS=fSUB=fLIRC=32kHz
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
40
60
μA
─
90
135
μA
Standby Current (IDLE0 Mode)
3V fSYS off, fSUB on
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
3
5
μA
─
5
10
μA
Standby Current (IDLE1 Mode)
3V fSYS=fHIRC=8MHz on, fSUB on
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
0.8
1.6
mA
─
1.0
2.0
mA
Standby Current (SLEEP0 Mode)
3V LIRC off, WDT disable
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
0.1
1.0
μA
─
0.3
2.0
μA
Standby Current (SLEEP1 Mode)
3V LIRC on, WDT enable
5V No load, all peripherals off
─
1.3
5.0
μA
─
2.2
10.0
μA
Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports or
Input Pins except RES pin
5V
0
─
1.5
V
─
─
0
─
0.2VDD
V
Input Low Voltage for RES pin
─
─
0
─
0.4VDD
V
ISTB
─
Min.
VLVR
IDD
Rev. 1.00
Conditions
VDD
3V fSYS=fH=8MHz
5V No load, all peripherals off
Operating Current (HIRC)
VIL
Test Conditions
─
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Symbol
VIH
IOL
Parameter
Test Conditions
Conditions
VDD
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Input High Voltage for I/O Ports or 5V
Input Pins except RES pin
─
─
3.5
─
5.0
V
─
0.8VDD
─
VDD
V
Input High Voltage for RES pin
─
0.9VDD
─
VDD
V
8
16
─
mA
Sink Current for I/O Port
IOH
Source Current for I/O Port
RPH
Pull-high Resistance for I/O Ports
─
3V
5V
3V
5V
VOL = 0.1VDD
VOH = 0.9VDD
16
32
─
mA
-4.0
-8.0
─
mA
-8.0
-16.0
─
mA
3V
─
20
60
100
kΩ
5V
─
10
30
50
kΩ
A.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Symbol
fSYS
Parameter
Test Condition
Typ.
Max.
Unit
MHz
2.2~5.5V
fSYS=fHIRC=8MHz
─
8
─
System Clock (LIRC)
2.2~5.5V
fSYS=fLIRC=32kHz
─
32
─
kHz
-2%
8
+2%
MHz
3V/5V
Ta=25°C
3V/5V
Ta=0°C ~ 70°C
-5%
8
+5%
MHz
2.2V~5.5V Ta=0°C ~ 70°C
-8%
8
+8%
MHz
2.2V~5.5V Ta= -40°C to 85°C
-12%
8
+12%
MHz
2.2V~5.5V Ta= -40°C to 85°C
4
32
80
kHz
─
0.3
─
─
μs
─
10
─
─
μs
High Speed Internal RC Oscillator
(HIRC)
fLIRC
Low Speed Internal RC Oscillator
(LIRC)
tTCK
CTCK pin Minimum Input Pulse
Width
─
tRES
External Reset Minimum Input Pulse
Width
─
tRSTD
Min.
System Clock (HIRC)
fHIRC
tSST
Condition
VDD
System Start-up Timer Period
(Wake-up from Power Down Mode
and fSYS off)
─
fSYS=fH=fHIRC
16
─
─
tHIRC
─
fSYS=fSUB=fLIRC
2
─
─
tLIRC
System Start-up Timer Period
(Wake-up from Power Down Mode
and fSYS on)
─
fSYS=fH=fHIRC
2
─
─
tH
─
fSYS=fSUB=fLIRC
2
─
─
tSUB
System Reset Delay Time
(Power-on Reset, LVR Hardware
Reset, WDTC/RSTC Software Reset)
─
─
25
50
150
ms
System Reset Delay Time
(RES Reset / WDT Hardware Reset)
─
─
8.3
16.7
50
ms
tEERD
EEPROM Read Time
─
─
─
─
4
tSYS
tEEWR
EEPROM Write Time
─
─
─
3
6
ms
Note: 1. tSYS= 1/fSYS.
2. To maintain the accuracy of the internal HIRC oscillator frequency, a 0.1μF decoupling capacitor should
be connected between VDD and VSS and located as close to the device as possible.
Rev. 1.00
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
LVR Electrical Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Symbol
Test Conditions
Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Conditions
VDD
VLVR
Low Voltage Reset Voltage
─
LVR enable, voltage select 2.1V - 5% 2.1 + 5%
V
tBGS
VBG Turn on Stable Time
─
No load
tLVR
Minimum Low Voltage Width to Reset
─
─
─
─
150
μs
120
240
625
μs
Comparator Electrical Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Symbol
VDD
Parameter
Operating Voltage
Test Conditions
VDD
Conditions
─
─
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
4.5
─
5.5
V
V
VCM
Common Mode Voltage
─
─
VSS
─
VDD1.4
VOS
Input Offset Voltage
─
─
-15
─
15
mV
ICMP
Additional Current Consumption
for Comparator Enabled
5V
─
─
100
130
μA
IPD
Power Down Current
─
Comparator disabled
─
─
0.1
μA
tRP
Response Time
5V
with 100mV overdrive, CLOAD=3pF
─
─
2
μs
R-2R D/A Converter Electrical Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Symbol
Parameter
Test Conditions
VDD
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
VDD
Operating Voltage
─
─
4.5
─
5.5
V
IDAC
Additional Current Consumption
for D/A Converter Enabled
5V
─
─
200
250
μA
DNL
Differential Non-Linearity
5V
─
─
─
±0.5
LSB
INL
Integral Non-Linearity
5V
─
─
─
±1
LSB
RO
R-2R Output Resistor
5V
─
─
20
─
kΩ
Shock Sensor Amplifier Electrical Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Symbol
Parameter
Test Conditions
Conditions
VDD
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
VDD
Operating Voltage
─
─
4.5
─
5.5
V
VIN
Inpuit Voltage
5V
─
─
─
±300
mV
RS
Sample Rate
5V
─
─
─
12
kHz
AV
DC Gain
5V
─
─
─
1.0
V/mV
fIN
Input Frequency
5V
─
0
─
1.6
kHz
IOPA
Additional Current Consumption
for Amplifier Enabled
5V
─
─
─
500
μA
IPD
Power Down Current
─
─
─
2
μA
Rev. 1.00
Amplifier disabled
10
January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Debounce Circuit Electrical Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Symbol
VDD
Parameter
Operating Voltage
Test Conditions
Min.
Conditions
VDD
─
─
Debounce Time
5V
Max.
Unit
4.5
─
5.5
V
0.0575
0.125
0.255
ms
DSTAG[2:0]=010B
0.12
0.25
0.505
ms
DSTAG[2:0]=011B
0.245
0.5
1.005
ms
DSTAG[2:0]=100B
0.495
1.0
2.005
ms
DSTAG[2:0]=101B
0.995
2.0
4.005
ms
DSTAG[2:0]=110B
1.995
4.0
8.005
ms
DSTAG[2:0]=111B
1.995
4.0
8.005
ms
DSTAG[2:0]=001B
tDEB
Typ.
Power-on Reset Characteristics
Ta = 25°C
Symbol
Test Conditions
Parameter
VDD
Conditions
Min.
Typ. Max. Unit
VPOR
VDD Start Voltage to Ensure Power-on Reset
─
─
─
─
100
mV
RRPOR
VDD Rising Rate to Ensure Power-on Reset
─
─
0.035
─
─
V/ms
tPOR
Minimum Time for VDD Stays at VPOR to
Ensure Power-on Reset
─
─
1
─
─
ms
Rev. 1.00
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January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
System Architecture
A key factor in the high-performance features of the Holtek range of microcontrollers is attributed
to their internal system architecture. The range of devices take advantage of the usual features found
within RISC microcontrollers providing increased speed of operation and enhanced performance.
The pipelining scheme is implemented in such a way that instruction fetching and instruction
execution are overlapped, hence instructions are effectively executed in one cycle, with the
exception of branch or call instructions. An 8-bit wide ALU is used in practically all instruction set
operations, which carries out arithmetic operations, logic operations, rotation, increment, decrement,
branch decisions, etc. The internal data path is simplified by moving data through the Accumulator
and the ALU. Certain internal registers are implemented in the Data Memory and can be directly
or indirectly addressed. The simple addressing methods of these registers along with additional
architectural features ensure that a minimum of external components is required to provide a
functional I/O and A/D control system with maximum reliability and flexibility. This makes these
devices suitable for low-cost, high-volume production for controller applications.
Clocking and Pipelining
The main system clock, derived from either a HIRC or LIRC oscillator is subdivided into four
internally generated non-overlapping clocks, T1~T4. The Program Counter is incremented at the
beginning of the T1 clock during which time a new instruction is fetched. The remaining T2~T4
clocks carry out the decoding and execution functions. In this way, one T1~T4 clock cycle forms
one instruction cycle. Although the fetching and execution of instructions takes place in consecutive
instruction cycles, the pipelining structure of the microcontroller ensures that instructions are
effectively executed in one instruction cycle. The exception to this are instructions where the
contents of the Program Counter are changed, such as subroutine calls or jumps, in which case the
instruction will take one more instruction cycle to execute.
For instructions involving branches, such as jump or call instructions, two machine cycles are
required to complete instruction execution. An extra cycle is required as the program takes one
cycle to first obtain the actual jump or call address and then another cycle to actually execute the
branch. The requirement for this extra cycle should be taken into account by programmers in timing
sensitive applications.
fSYS
(System Clock)
Phase Clock T1
Phase Clock T2
Phase Clock T3
Phase Clock T4
Program Counter
Pipelining
PC
PC+1
Fetch Inst. (PC)
Execute Inst. (PC-1)
Fetch Inst. (PC+1)
Execute Inst. (PC)
PC+2
Fetch Inst. (PC+2)
Execute Inst. (PC+1)
System Clocking and Pipelining
Rev. 1.00
12
January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
1
MOV A,[12H]
2
CALL DELAY
3
CPL [12H]
4
:
5
:
6 DELAY: NOP
Fetch Inst. 1
Execute Inst. 1
Fetch Inst. 2
Execute Inst. 2
Fetch Inst. 3
Flush Pipeline
Fetch Inst. 6
Execute Inst. 6
Fetch Inst. 7
Instruction Featching
Program Counter
During program execution, the Program Counter is used to keep track of the address of the
next instruction to be executed. It is automatically incremented by one each time an instruction
is executed except for instructions, such as “JMP” or “CALL” that demand a jump to a nonconsecutive Program Memory address. Only the lower 8 bits, known as the Program Counter Low
Register, are directly addressable by the application program.
When executing instructions requiring jumps to non-consecutive addresses such as a jump
instruction, a subroutine call, interrupt or reset, etc., the microcontroller manages program control
by loading the required address into the Program Counter. For conditional skip instructions, once
the condition has been met, the next instruction, which has already been fetched during the present
instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle takes its place while the correct instruction is
obtained.
Program Counter
High Byte
Low Byte (PCL)
PC9~PC8
PC7~PC0
Program Counter
The lower byte of the Program Counter, known as the Program Counter Low register or PCL, is
available for program control and is a readable and writeable register. By transferring data directly
into this register, a short program jump can be executed directly; however, as only this low byte
is available for manipulation, the jumps are limited to the present page of memory that is 256
locations. When such program jumps are executed it should also be noted that a dummy cycle
will be inserted. Manipulating the PCL register may cause program branching, so an extra cycle is
needed to pre-fetch.
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Stack
This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the Program Counter
only. The stack has multiple levels and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space,
and is neither readable nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the Stack Pointer, and is
neither readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the contents of
the Program Counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine,
signaled by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the Program Counter is restored to its previous value
from the stack. After a device reset, the Stack Pointer will point to the top of the stack.
If the stack is full and an enabled interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but
the acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the Stack Pointer is decremented, by RET or RETI,
the interrupt will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the programmer to use
the structure more easily. However, when the stack is full, a CALL subroutine instruction can still
be executed which will result in a stack overflow. Precautions should be taken to avoid such cases
which might cause unpredictable program branching.
If the stack is overflow, the first Program Counter save in the stack will be lost.
Program Counter
Top of Stack
Stack Level 1
Stack
Pointer
Stack Level 2
Program Memory
Bottom of Stack
Arithmetic and Logic Unit – ALU
The arithmetic-logic unit or ALU is a critical area of the microcontroller that carries out arithmetic
and logic operations of the instruction set. Connected to the main microcontroller data bus, the ALU
receives related instruction codes and performs the required arithmetic or logical operations after
which the result will be placed in the specified register. As these ALU calculation or operations may
result in carry, borrow or other status changes, the status register will be correspondingly updated to
reflect these changes. The ALU supports the following functions:
• Arithmetic operations:
ADD, ADDM, ADC, ADCM, SUB, SUBM, SBC, SBCM, DAA
• Logic operations:
AND, OR, XOR, ANDM, ORM, XORM, CPL, CPLA
• Rotation:
RRA, RR, RRCA, RRC, RLA, RL, RLCA, RLC
• Increment and Decrement:
INCA, INC, DECA, DEC
• Branch decision:
JMP, SZ, SZA, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ, SIZA, SDZA, CALL, RET, RETI
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Flash Program Memory
The Program Memory is the location where the user code or program is stored. For the device the
Program Memory is Flash type, which means it can be programmed and re-programmed a large
number of times, allowing the user the convenience of code modification on the same device.
By using the appropriate programming tools, these Flash devices offer users the flexibility to
conveniently debug and develop their applications while also offering a means of field programming
and updating.
Structure
The Program Memory has a capacity of 1K×14 bits. The Program Memory is addressed by the
Program Counter and also contains data, table information and interrupt entries. Table data, which
can be setup in any location within the Program Memory, is addressed by a separate table pointer
registers.
000H
Initialisation Vector
004H
Interrupt Vectors
01CH
020H
n00H
nFFH
3FFH
Look-up Table
14 bits
Program Memory Structure
Special Vectors
Within the Program Memory, certain locations are reserved for the reset and interrupts. The location
000H is reserved for use by these devices reset for program initialisation. After a device reset is
initiated, the program will jump to this location and begin execution.
Look-up Table
Any location within the Program Memory can be defined as a look-up table where programmers can
store fixed data. To use the look-up table, the table pointer must first be setup by placing the address
of the look up data to be retrieved in the table pointer register, TBLP and TBHP. These registers
define the total address of the look-up table.
After setting up the table pointer, the table data can be retrieved from the Program Memory using
the “TABRD [m]” or “TABRDL [m]” instructions respectively. When the instruction is executed,
the lower order table byte from the Program Memory will be transferred to the user defined
Data Memory register [m] as specified in the instruction. The higher order table data byte from
the Program Memory will be transferred to the TBLH special register. Any unused bits in this
transferred higher order byte will be read as “0”.
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
The accompanying diagram illustrates the addressing data flow of the look-up table.
Program Memory
Address
Last Page or
PC High Byte
TBLP Register
Data
14 bits
Register TBLH
User Selected
Register
High Byte
Low Byte
Table Program Example
The accompanying example shows how the table pointer and table data is defined and retrieved from
the device. This example uses raw table data located in the last page which is stored there using the
ORG statement. The value at this ORG statement is “300H” which refers to the start address of the
last page within the 1K Program Memory of the device. The table pointer low byte register is setup
here to have an initial value of “06H”. This will ensure that the first data read from the data table
will be at the Program Memory address “306H” or 6 locations after the start of the last page. Note
that the value for the table pointer is referenced to the first address of the present page if the “TABRD
[m]” instruction is being used. The high byte of the table data which in this case is equal to zero will
be transferred to the TBLH register automatically when the “TABRD [m] instruction is executed.
Because the TBLH register is a read-only register and cannot be restored, care should be taken
to ensure its protection if both the main routine and Interrupt Service Routine use table read
instructions. If using the table read instructions, the Interrupt Service Routines may change the
value of the TBLH and subsequently cause errors if used again by the main routine. As a rule it is
recommended that simultaneous use of the table read instructions should be avoided. However, in
situations where simultaneous use cannot be avoided, the interrupts should be disabled prior to the
execution of any main routine table-read instructions. Note that all table related instructions require
two instruction cycles to complete their operation.
Table Read Program Example
tempreg1 db ? ; temporary register #1
tempreg2 db ? ; temporary register #2
:
mov a,06h; initialise low table pointer - note that this address is referenced
mov tblp,a ; to the last page or current page
:
tabrd tempreg1 ; transfers value in table referenced by table pointer data at program
; memory address “306H” transferred to tempreg1 and TBLH
dec tblp ; reduce value of table pointer by one
tabrd tempreg2 ; transfers value in table referenced by table pointer data at program
; memory address “305H” transferred to tempreg2 and TBLH in this
; example the data “1AH” is transferred to tempreg1 and data “0FH” to
; register tempreg2
:
org 300h; sets initial address of program memory
dc 00Ah, 00Bh, 00Ch, 00Dh, 00Eh, 00Fh, 01Ah, 01Bh
:
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
In Circuit Programming – ICP
The provision of Flash type Program Memory provides the user with a means of convenient and
easy upgrades and modifications to their programs on the same device.
As an additional convenience, Holtek has provided a means of programming the microcontroller incircuit using a 4-pin interface. This provides manufacturers with the possibility of manufacturing
their circuit boards complete with a programmed or un-programmed microcontroller, and then
programming or upgrading the program at a later stage. This enables product manufacturers to easily
keep their manufactured products supplied with the latest program releases without removal and reinsertion of the device.
Holtek Writer Pins
MCU Programming Pins
Pin Description
ICPDA
PA0
Programming Serial Data/Address
ICPCK
PA2
Programming Clock
VDD
VDD
Power Supply
VSS
VSS
Ground
The Program Memory and EEPROM data memory can be programmed serially in-circuit using this
4-wire interface. Data is downloaded and uploaded serially on a single pin with an additional line
for the clock. Two additional lines are required for the power supply. The technical details regarding
the in-circuit programming of the device are beyond the scope of this document and will be supplied
in supplementary literature.
During the programming process, the user must take care of the ICPDA and ICPCK pins for data
and clock programming purposes to ensure that no other outputs are connected to these two pins.
W r ite r C o n n e c to r
S ig n a ls
M C U
W r ite r _ V D D
V D D
IC P D A
P A 0
IC P C K
P A 2
W r ite r _ V S S
V S S
*
P r o g r a m m in g
P in s
*
T o o th e r C ir c u it
Note: * may be resistor or capacitor. The resistance of * must be greater than 1k or the capacitance
of * must be less than 1nF.
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On-Chip Debug Support – OCDS
There is an EV chip named HT45V56 which is used to emulate the real MCU device named
HT45F56. The EV chip device also provides the “On-Chip Debug” function to debug the real MCU
device during development process. The EV chip and real MCU devices, HT45V56 and HT45F56,
are almost functional compatible except the “On-Chip Debug” function. Users can use the EV chip
device to emulate the real MCU device behaviors by connecting the OCDSDA and OCDSCK pins
to the Holtek HT-IDE development tools. The OCDSDA pin is the OCDS Data/Address input/output
pin while the OCDSCK pin is the OCDS clock input pin. For more detailed OCDS information,
refer to the corresponding document named “Holtek e-Link for 8-bit MCU OCDS User’s Guide”.
Holtek e-Link Pins
EV Chip OCDS Pins
OCDSDA
OCDSDA
On-Chip Debug Support Data/Address input/output
Pin Description
OCDSCK
OCDSCK
On-Chip Debug Support Clock input
VDD
VDD
Power Supply
VSS
VSS
Ground
Data Memory
The Data Memory is an 8-bit wide RAM internal memory and is the location where temporary
information is stored.
Structure
Divided into two types, the first of Data Memory is an area of RAM where special function registers
are located. These registers have fixed locations and are necessary for correct operation of the
device. Many of these registers can be read from and written to directly under program control,
however, some remain protected from user manipulation. The second area of Data Memory is
reserved for general purpose use. All locations within this area are read and write accessible under
program control.
The overall Data Memory is subdivided into two banks. The Special Purpose Data Memory registers
are accessible in all banks, with the exception of the EEC register at address 40H, which is only
accessible in Bank 1. Switching between the different Data Memory banks is achieved by setting the
Bank Pointer to the correct value. The start address of the Data Memory for all devices is the address
00H.
00H
Special
Purpose
Data Memory
3FH
40H
EEC@40H
in Bank 1
General
Purpose
Data Memory
5FH
Bank 0
Data Memory Structure
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General Purpose Data Memory
All microcontroller programs require an area of read/write memory where temporary data can be
stored and retrieved for use later. It is this area of RAM memory that is known as General Purpose
Data Memory. This area of Data Memory is fully accessible by the user programing for both reading
and writing operations. By using the bit operation instructions individual bits can be set or reset
under program control giving the user a large range of flexibility for bit manipulation in the Data
Memory.
Special Purpose Data Memory
This area of Data Memory is where registers, necessary for the correct operation of the
microcontroller, are stored. Most of the registers are both readable and writeable but some are
protected and are readable only, the details of which are located under the relevant Special Function
Register section. Note that for locations that are unused, any read instruction to these addresses will
return the value “00H”.
00H
01H
02H
03H
04H
05H
06H
07H
08H
09H
0AH
0BH
0CH
0DH
0EH
0FH
10H
11H
12H
13H
14H
15H
16H
17H
18H
19H
1AH
1BH
1CH
1DH
1EH
1FH
Bank 0 ~ Bank 1
IAR0
MP0
IAR1
MP1
BP
ACC
PCL
TBLP
TBLH
PA
PAC
PAPU
PAWU
20H
21H
22H
23H
24H
25H
26H
27H
28H
29H
2AH
2BH
2CH
2DH
2EH
2FH
30H
31H
32H
33H
34H
35H
36H
37H
WDTC
3FH
STATUS
SMOD
INTC0
INTC1
TBC
SMOD1
Bank 0 ~ Bank 1
40H
Bank 1
EEC
RSTC
CTMC0
CTMC1
CTMDL
CTMDH
CTMAL
CTMAH
DACR
CMPC
DEBC
MUXC
PSEL
OPAC
OPGA
: Unused, read as 00H
EEA
EED
Speciap Purpose Data Memory Structure
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Special Function Register Description
Most of the Special Function Register details will be described in the relevant functional section.
However, several registers require a separate description in this section.
Indirect Addressing Registers – IAR0, IAR1
The Indirect Addressing Registers, IAR0 and IAR1, although having their locations in normal RAM
register space, do not actually physically exist as normal registers. The method of indirect addressing
for RAM data manipulation uses these Indirect Addressing Registers and Memory Pointers, in
contrast to direct memory addressing, where the actual memory address is specified. Actions on
the IAR0 and IAR1 registers will result in no actual read or write operation to these registers but
rather to the memory location specified by their corresponding Memory Pointers, MP0 or MP1.
Acting as a pair, IAR0 and MP0 can together access data only from Bank 0 while the IAR1 register
together with MP1 register can access data from any Data Memory bank. As the Indirect Addressing
Registers are not physically implemented, reading the Indirect Addressing Registers indirectly will
return a result of “00H” and writing to the registers indirectly will result in no operation.
Memory Pointers – MP0, MP1
The Indirect Addressing Registers, IAR0 and IAR1, although having their locations in normal RAM
register space, do not actually physically exist as normal registers. The method of indirect addressing
for RAM data manipulation uses these Indirect Addressing Registers and Memory Pointers, in
contrast to direct memory addressing, where the actual memory address is specified. Actions on the
IAR0 and IAR1 registers will result in no actual read or write operation to these registers but rather
to the memory location specified by their corresponding Memory Pointers, MP0 or MP1. Acting as a
pair, IAR0 and MP0 can together access data from Bank 0 while the IAR1 and MP1 register pair can
access data from any bank. As the Indirect Addressing Registers are not physically implemented,
reading the Indirect Addressing Registers indirectly will return a result of “00H” and writing to the
registers indirectly will result in no operation.
Indirect Addressing Program Example
• Example 1
data .section ‘data’
adres1 db ?
adres2 db ?
adres3 db ?
adres4 db ?
block db ?
code .section at 0 code
org 00h
start:
mov a,04h ;
mov block,a
mov a,offset adres1 ;
mov mp0,a ;
loop:
clr IAR0 ;
inc mp0;
sdz block ;
jmp loop
continue:
:
setup size of block
Accumulator loaded with first RAM address
setup memory pointer with first RAM address
clear the data at address defined by MP0
increment memory pointer
check if last memory location has been cleared
The important point to note here is that in the example shown above, no reference is made to specific
RAM addresses.
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Bank Pointer – BP
The Data Memory is divided into two banks, Bank 0 and Bank 1. Selecting the required Data
Memory area is achieved using the Bank Pointer, BP. The Bank Pointer bit 0 is used to select Data
Memory Bank 0 or Bank 1.
The Data Memory initialised to Bank 0 after a reset except for a WDT tome-out reset in the Power
Down Mode in which case the Data Memory bank remains unaffected. It should be noted that the
Special Function Data Memory is not affected by the bank selection, which means that the Special
Function Registers can be accessed irrespective of the value of the Bank Pointer. Accessing data
from Bank 1 must be implemented using the Indirect Addressing.
BP Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
DMBP0
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
POR
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
Bit 7~1
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 0DMBP0: Data Memory Bank Point bit 0
0: Bank 0
1: Bank 1
Accumulator – ACC
The Accumulator is central to the operation of any microcontroller and is closely related with
operations carried out by the ALU. The Accumulator is the place where all intermediate results
from the ALU are stored. Without the Accumulator it would be necessary to write the result of
each calculation or logical operation such as addition, subtraction, shift, etc., to the Data Memory
resulting in higher programming and timing overheads. Data transfer operations usually involve
the temporary storage function of the Accumulator; for example, when transferring data between
one user-defined register and another, it is necessary to do this by passing the data through the
Accumulator as no direct transfer between two registers is permitted.
Program Counter Low Register – PCL
To provide additional program control functions, the low byte of the Program Counter is made
accessible to programmers by locating it within the Special Purpose area of the Data Memory. By
manipulating this register, direct jumps to other program locations are easily implemented. Loading
a value directly into this PCL register will cause a jump to the specified Program Memory location,
however, as the register is only 8-bit wide, only jumps within the current Program Memory page are
permitted. When such operations are used, note that a dummy cycle will be inserted.
Look-up Table Registers – TBLP, TBLH
These three special function registers are used to control operation of the look-up table which is
stored in the Program Memory. TBLP is the table pointer and indicates the location where the table
data is located. Their value must be setup before any table read commands are executed. Their value
can be changed, for example using the “INC” or “DEC” instructions, allowing for easy table data
pointing and reading. TBLH is the location where the high order byte of the table data is stored
after a table read data instruction has been executed. Note that the lower order table data byte is
transferred to a user defined location.
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Status Register – STATUS
This 8-bit register contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag
(OV), power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO). These arithmetic/logical operation
and system management flags are used to record the status and operation of the microcontroller.
With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions
like most other registers. Any data written into the status register will not change the TO or PDF flag.
In addition, operations related to the status register may give different results due to the different
instruction operations. The TO flag can be affected only by a system power-up, a WDT time-out or
by executing the “CLR WDT” or “HALT” instruction. The PDF flag is affected only by executing
the “HALT” or “CLR WDT” instruction or during a system power-up.
The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations.
• C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take
place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through
carry instruction.
• AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition, or no borrow from
the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is cleared.
• Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logical operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared.
• OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the
highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared.
• PDF is cleared by a system power-up or executing the “CLR WDT” instruction. PDF is set by
executing the “HALT” instruction.
• TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the “CLR WDT” or “HALT” instruction. TO is
set by a WDT time-out.
In addition, on entering an interrupt sequence or executing a subroutine call, the status register will
not be pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of the status registers are important and if
the subroutine can corrupt the status register, precautions must be taken to correctly save it.
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STATUS Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
TO
PDF
OV
Z
AC
C
R/W
—
—
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
—
—
0
0
x
x
x
x
“x”: unknown
Bit 7~6
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 5TO: Watchdog Time-out flag
0: After power up ow executing the “CLR WDT” or “HALT” instruction
1: A watchdog time-out occurred
Bit 4PDF: Power down flag
0: After power up ow executing the “CLR WDT” instruction
1: By executing the “HALT” instructin
Bit 3OV: Overflow flag
0: No overflow
1: An operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the
highest-order bit or vice versa
Bit 2Z: Zero flag
0: The result of an arithmetic or logical operation is not zero
1: The result of an arithmetic or logical operation is zero
Bit 1AC: Auxiliary flag
0: No auxiliary carry
1: An operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles, in addition, or no borrow
from the high nibble into the low nibble in substraction
Bit 0C: Carry flag
0: No carry-out
1: An operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does
not take place during a subtraction operation
The “C” flag is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction.
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EEPROM Data Memory
These devices contain an area of internal EEPROM Data Memory. EEPROM, which stands for
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, is by its nature a non-volatile form
of re-programmable memory, with data retention even when its power supply is removed. By
incorporating this kind of data memory, a whole new host of application possibilities are made
available to the designer. The availability of EEPROM storage allows information such as product
identification numbers, calibration values, specific user data, system setup data or other product
information to be stored directly within the product microcontroller. The process of reading and
writing data to the EEPROM memory has been reduced to a very trivial affair.
Capacity
Address
32 x 8
00H ~ 1FH
EEPROM Data Memory Structure
The EEPROM Data Memory capacity is 32×8 bits for the device. Unlike the Program Memory
and RAM Data Memory, the EEPROM Data Memory is not directly mapped into memory space
and is therefore not directly addressable in the same way as the other types of memory. Read and
Write operations to the EEPROM are carried out in single byte operations using an address and data
register in Bank 0 and a single control register in Bank 1.
EEPROM Registers
Three registers control the overall operation of the internal EEPROM Data Memory. These are the
address register, EEA, the data register, EED and a single control register, EEC. As both the EEA
and EED registers are located in sector 0, they can be directly accessed in the same was as any other
Special Function Register. The EEC register, however, being located in sector 1, can be read from
or written to indirectly using the MP1 Memory Pointer and Indirect Addressing Register, IAR1.
Because the EEC control register is located at address 40H in Bank 1, the Memory Pointer low byte
register, MP1, must first be set to the value 40H and the Bank Pointer register, BP, set to the value,
01H, before any operations on the EEC register are executed.
Bit
Register
Name
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EEA
—
—
—
EEA4
EEA3
EEA2
EEA1
EEA0
EED
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
EEC
—
—
—
—
WREN
WR
RDEN
RD
EEPROM Registers List
EEA Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
—
EEA4
EEA3
EEA2
EEA1
EEA0
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
—
—
—
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7~5
Unimplemented, read as 0.
Bit 4~0EEA4~EEA0: Data EEPROM address bit 4 ~ bit0
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EED Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7~0D7~D0: Data EEPROM data bit 7~bit0
EEC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
—
—
WREN
WR
RDEN
RD
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
0
Bit 7~4
Unimplemented, read as 0.
Bit 3WREN: Data EEPROM write enable
0: Disable
1: Enable
This is the Data EEPROM Write Enable Bit which must be set high before Data
EEPROM write operations are carried out. Clearing this bit to zero will inhibit Data
EEPROM write operations.
Bit 2WR: EEPROM write control
0: Write cycle has finished
1: Activate a write cycle
This is the Data EEPROM Write Control Bit and when set high by the application
program will activate a write cycle. This bit will be automatically reset to zero by the
hardware after the write cycle has finished. Setting this bit high will have no effect if
the WREN has not first been set high.
Bit 1RDEN: Data EEPROM read enable
0: Disable
1: Enable
This is the Data EEPROM Read Enable Bit which must be set high before Data
EEPROM read operations are carried out. Clearing this bit to zero will inhibit Data
EEPROM read operations.
Bit 0RD: EEPROM read control
0: Read cycle has finished
1: Activate a read cycle
This is the Data EEPROM Read Control Bit and when set high by the application
program will activate a read cycle. This bit will be automatically reset to zero by the
hardware after the read cycle has finished. Setting this bit high will have no effect if
the RDEN has not first been set high.
Note: The WREN, WR, RDEN and RD can not be set to “1” at the same time in one instruction. The
WR and RD can not be set to “1” at the same time.
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Reading Data from the EEPROM
To read data from the EEPROM, the read enable bit, RDEN, in the EEC register must first be set
high to enable the read function. The EEPROM address of the data to be read must then be placed
in the EEA register. If the RD bit in the EEC register is now set high, a read cycle will be initiated.
Setting the RD bit high will not initiate a read operation if the RDEN bit has not been set. When
the read cycle terminates, the RD bit will be automatically cleared to zero, after which the data can
be read from the EED register. The data will remain in the EED register until another read or write
operation is executed. The application program can poll the RD bit to determine when the data is
valid for reading.
Writing Data to the EEPROM
To write data to the EEPROM, the EEPROM address of the data to be written must first be placed
in the EEA register and the data placed in the EED register. Then the write enable bit, WREN,
in the EEC register must first be set high to enable the write function. After this, the WR bit in
the EEC register must be immediately set high to initiate a write cycle. These two instructions
must be executed consecutively. The global interrupt bit EMI should also first be cleared before
implementing any write operations, and then set again after the write cycle has started. Note that
setting the WR bit high will not initiate a write cycle if the WREN bit has not been set. As the
EEPROM write cycle is controlled using an internal timer whose operation is asynchronous to
microcontroller system clock, a certain time will elapse before the data will have been written into
the EEPROM. Detecting when the write cycle has finished can be implemented either by polling the
WR bit in the EEC register or by using the EEPROM interrupt. When the write cycle terminates,
the WR bit will be automatically cleared to zero by the microcontroller, informing the user that the
data has been written to the EEPROM. The application program can therefore poll the WR bit to
determine when the write cycle has ended.
Write Protection
Protection against inadvertent write operation is provided in several ways. After the device is
powered on, the Write Enable bit in the control register will be cleared preventing any write
operations. Also at power-on the Bank Pointer register, BP, will be reset to zero, which means that
Data Memory Bank 0 will be selected. As the EEPROM control register is located in Bank 1, this
adds a further measure of protection against spurious write operations. During normal program
operation, ensuring that the Write Enable bit in the control register is cleared will safeguard against
incorrect write operations.
EEPROM Interrupt
The EEPROM write interrupt is generated when an EEPROM write cycle has ended. The EEPROM
interrupt must first be enabled by setting the DEE bit in the relevant interrupt register. When an
EEPROM write cycle ends, the DEF request flag will be set. If the global, EEPROM interrupts are
enabled and the stack is not full, a subroutine call to the EEPROM Interrupt vector will take place.
When the interrupt is serviced, the EEPROM interrupt flag DEF will be automatically cleared. The
EMI bit will also be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
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Programming Considerations
Care must be taken that data is not inadvertently written to the EEPROM. Protection can be
Periodic by ensuring that the Write Enable bit is normally cleared to zero when not writing. Also
the Bank Pointer could be normally cleared to zero as this would inhibit access to Bank 1 where
the EEPROM control register exist. Although certainly not necessary, consideration might be given
in the application program to the checking of the validity of new write data by a simple read back
process. When writing data the WR bit must be set high immediately after the WREN bit has been
set high, to ensure the write cycle executes correctly. The global interrupt bit EMI should also be
cleared before a write cycle is executed and then re-enabled after the write cycle starts. Note that
the device should not enter the IDLE or SLEEP mode until the EEPROM read or write operation is
totally complete. Otherwise, the EEPROM read or write operation will fail.
Programming Example
• Reading data from the EEPROM – polling method
MOV A, EEPROM_ADRES MOV EEA, A
MOV A, 040H
MOV MP1, A
MOV A, 01H
MOV BP, A
SET IAR1.1
SET IAR1.0
BACK:
SZ IAR1.0
JMP BACK
CLR IAR1
CLR BP
MOV A, EED
MOV READ_DATA, A
; user defined address
; setup memory pointer MP1
; MP1 points to EEC register
; setup Bank Pointer BP
; set RDEN bit, enable read operations
; start Read Cycle - set RD bit
; check for read cycle end
; disable EEPROM write
; move read data to register
• Writing Data to the EEPROM – polling method
MOV A, EEPROM_ADRES
MOV EEA, A
MOV A, EEPROM_DATA
MOV EED, A
MOV A, 040H
MOV MP1, A
MOV A, 01H
MOV BP, A
CLR EMI
SET IAR1.3
SET IAR1.2
SET EMI
BACK:
SZ IAR1.2
JMP BACK
CLR IAR1
CLR BP
Rev. 1.00
; user defined address
; user defined data
; setup memory pointer MP1
; MP1L points to EEC register
; setup Bank Pointer BP
; set WREN bit, enable write operations
; start Write Cycle - set WR bit
; check for write cycle end
; disable EEPROM write
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Oscillator
Various oscillator types offer the user a wide range of functions according to their various application
requirements. The flexible features of the oscillator functions ensure that the best optimisation can
be achieved in terms of speed and power saving. Oscillator selections and operation are selected
through a combination of application program and relevant control registers.
Oscillator Overview
In addition to being the source of the main system clock the oscillators also provide clock sources
for the Watchdog Timer and Time Base Interrupts. External oscillators requiring some external
components as well as fully integrated internal oscillators, requiring no external components, are
provided to form a wide range of both fast and slow system oscillators. The higher frequency
oscillator provides higher performance but carries with it the disadvantage of higher power
requirements, while the opposite is of course true for the lower frequency oscillator. With the
capability of dynamically switching between fast and slow system clock, the device has the
flexibility to optimize the performance/power ratio, a feature especially important in power sensitive
portable applications.
Type
Name
Frequency
Internal High Speed RC
HIRC
8 MHz
Internal Low Speed RC
LIRC
32 kHz
Oscillator Types
System Clock Configurations
There are two methods of generating the system clock, one high speed oscillator and one low speed
oscillator. The high speed oscillator is the internal 8 MHz RC oscillator, HIRC. The low speed
oscillator is the internal 32 kHz RC oscillator, LIRC. Selecting whether the low or high speed
oscillator is used as the system oscillator is implemented using the HLCLK and CKS2~CKS0 bits
in the SMOD register and as the system clock can be dynamically selected. Note that two oscillator
selections must be made namely one high speed and one low speed system oscillators. It is not
possible to choose a no-oscillator selection for either the high or low speed oscillator.
fH
fH/�
High Speed
Oscillation
fH/4
fH/8
HIRC
P�escale�
fSYS
fH/16
fH/3�
fH/64
Low Speed
Oscillation
LIRC
fLIRC
fSUB
HLCLK�
CKS�~CKS0
fSUB
System Clock Configurations
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Internal High Speed RC Oscillator – HIRC
The internal RC oscillator is a fully integrated system oscillator requiring no external components.
The internal RC oscillator has a fixed frequency of 8 MHz. Device trimming during the
manufacturing process and the inclusion of internal frequency compensation circuits are used to
ensure that the influence of the power supply voltage, temperature and process variations on the
oscillation frequency are minimised. As a result, at a power supply of 5V and at a temperature of
25°C degrees, the fixed oscillation frequency of 8MHz will have a tolerance within 2%.
Internal 32kHz Oscillator – LIRC
The Internal 32 kHz System Oscillator is the low frequency oscillator choices and fully integrated
with a typical frequency of 32 kHz at 5V, requiring no external components for its implementation.
Device trimming during the manufacturing process and the inclusion of internal frequency
compensation circuits are used to ensure that the influence of the power supply voltage, temperature
and process variations on the oscillation frequency are minimised.
Supplementary Oscillators
The low speed oscillator, in addition to providing a system clock source is also used to provide
a clock source to two other device functions. These are the Watchdog Timer and the Time Base
Interrupts.
Operating Modes and System Clocks
Present day applications require that their microcontrollers have high performance but often still
demand that they consume as little power as possible, conflicting requirements that are especially
true in battery powered portable applications. The fast clocks required for high performance will
by their nature increase current consumption and of course vice-versa, lower speed clocks reduce
current consumption. As Holtek has provided these devices with both high and low speed clock
sources and the means to switch between them dynamically, the user can optimise the operation of
their microcontroller to achieve the best performance/power ratio.
System Clocks
The device has different clock sources for both the CPU and peripheral function operation. By
providing the user with a wide range of clock selections using register programming, a clock system
can be configured to obtain maximum application performance.
The main system clock can come from either a high frequency fH or low frequency fSUB source and
is selected using the HLCLK and CKS2~CKS0 bits in the SMOD register. The high speed system
clock is sourced from the HIRC oscillator while the low speed system clock source is sourced
from the internal clock fSUB. The other choice, which is a divided version of the high speed system
oscillator has a range of fH/2~fH/64.
There is one additional internal clock for the peripheral circuits, the Time Base clock, fTBC. The fTBC
clock is sourced from the LIRC oscillator and used as a source for the Time Base interrupt functions
and for the TM.
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fH
fH/2
High Speed
Oscillation
fH/4
fH/8
HIRC
Prescaler
fSYS
fH/16
fH/32
fH/64
Low Speed
Oscillation
LIRC
fLIRC
HLCLK,
CKS2~CKS0
fSUB
fSUB
WDT
fTBC
IDLEN
Time Base 0
fSYS/4
Time Base 1
TBCK
Device Clock Configurations
Note: When the system clock source fSYS is switched to fSUB from fH, the high speed oscillation can
be stopped to conserve the power. Therefore, there is no fH~fH/64 clock source for peripheral
circuit to use.
System Operation Modes
There are six different modes of operation for the microcontroller, each one with its own
special characteristics and which can be chosen according to the specific performance and
power requirements of the application. There are two modes allowing normal operation of the
microcontroller, the NORMAL Mode and SLOW Mode. The remaining four modes, the SLEEP0,
SPEEL1, IDLE0 and IDLE1 Modes are used when the microcontroller CPU is switched off to
conserve power.
Operation Mode
CPU
fSYS
fSUB
fTBC
NORMAL
On
fH~fH/64
On
On
SLOW
On
fSUB
On
On
IDLE0
Off
Off
On
On
IDLE1
Off
On
On
On
SLEEP0
Off
Off
Off
Off
SLEEP1
Off
Off
On
Off
NORMAL Mode
As the name suggests this is one of the main operating modes where the microcontroller has all of
its functions operational and where the system clock is provided by the high speed oscillators. This
mode operates allowing the microcontroller to operate normally with a clock source will come from
the high speed oscillators, HIRC. The high speed oscillator will however first be divided by a ratio
ranging from 1 to 64, the actual ratio being selected by the CKS2~CKS0 and HLCLK bits in the
SMOD register.Although a high speed oscillator is used, running the microcontroller at a divided
clock ratio reduces the operating current.
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SLOW Mode
This is also a mode where the microcontroller operates normally although now with a slower speed
clock source. The clock source used will be from fSUB. The fSUB clock is derived from the LIRC
oscillator. Running the microcontroller in this mode allows it to run with much lower operating
currents. In the SLOW mode, the fH is switched off.
SLEEP0 Mode
The SLEEP0 Mode is entered when an HALT instruction is executed and when the IDLEN bit is
low. In the SLEEP0 mode the CPU will be stopped and the fSUB clock will also be stopped as the
Watchdog Timer function is disabled.
SLEEP1 Mode
The SLEEP1 Mode is entered when an HALT instruction is executed and when the IDLEN bit is
low. In the SLEEP1 mode the CPU will be stopped. However, the fSUB clock will continue to run as
the Watchdog Timer function is enabled.
IDLE0 Mode
The IDLE0 Mode is entered when an HALT instruction is executed and when the IDLEN bit is high
and the FSYSON bit is low. In the IDLE0 Mode the system oscillator will be inhibited from driving
the CPU but some peripheral functions will remain operational such as the Watchdot Timer and
TMs. In the IDLE0 mode, the system oscillator will be stopped.
IDLE1 Mode
The IDLE1 Mode is entered when an HALT instruction is executed and when the IDLEN bit is high
and the FSYSON bit is high. In the IDLE1 Mode the system oscillator will be inhibited from driving
the CPU but may contimue to provide a clock source to keep some peripheral functions operational
such as the Watchdot Timer and TMs. In the IDLE1 mode, the system oscillator will continue to
run and this system oscillator mayt be high or low speed system oscillator. In IELD1 mode, the
Watchdog Timer clock, fSUB, will be switched on.
Control Registers
The register, SMOD, is used for overall control of the internal clocks within the device.
SMOD Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
—
LTO
HTO
IDLEN
HLCLK
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
R
R
R/W
R/W
POR
0
0
0
—
0
0
1
1
Bit 7~5CKS2~CKS0: System clock selection
000: fSUB
001: fSUB
010: fH/64
011: fH/32
100: fH/16
101: fH/8
110: fH/4
111: fH/2
These three bits are used to select which clock is used as the system clock source.
In addition to the system clock source, which can be the fSUB clock source, a divided
version of the high speed system oscillator can also be chosen as the system clock
source.
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Bit 4
Unimplemented, read as 0.
Bit 3LTO: Low speed system oscillator ready flag
0: Not ready
1: Ready
This is the low speed system oscillator ready flag which indicates when the low speed
system oscillator is stable after power on reset or a wake-up has occurred. The flag
will be low when in the SLEEP0 mode, but after a wake-up has occurred the flag will
change to a high level after 1~2 cycles as the LIRC oscillator is used.
Bit 2HTO: High speed system oscillator ready flag
0: Not ready
1: Ready
This is the high speed system oscillator ready flag which indicates when the high speed
system oscillator is stable. This flag is cleared to “0” by hardware when the device is
powered on and then changes to a high level after the high speed system oscillator is
stable. Therefore this flag will always be read as “1” by the application program after
device power-on.
Bit 1IDLEN: IDLE mode control
0: Disable
1: Enable
This is the IDLE mode control bit and determines what happens when the HALT
instruction is executed. If this bit is high, when a HALT instruction is executed the
device will enter the IDLE Mode. In the IDLE1 Mode, the CPU will stop running
but the system clock will continue to keep the peripheral functions operational, as the
FSYSON bit is high. If the FSYSON bit is low, the CPU and the system clock will all
stop in the IDLE0 mode. If this bit is low, the device will enter the SLEEP Mode when
a HALT instruction is executed.
Bit 0HLCLK: System clock selection
0: fH/2 ~ fH/64 or fSUB
1: fH
This bit is used to select if the fH clock, the fH/2 ~ fH/64 clock or the fSUB clock is used
as the system clock. When this bit is high, the fH clock will be selected and if low the
fH/2 ~ fH/64 or fSUB clock will be selected. When the system clock switches from the fH
clock to the fSUB clock and the fH clock will be automatically switched off to conserve
power.
SMOD1 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
FSYSON
—
—
—
RSTF
LVRF
—
WRF
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
POR
0
—
—
—
0
x
—
0
“x”: unknown
Bit 7FSYSON: fSYS control in IDLE mode
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 6~4
Unimplemented, read as 0.
Bit 3RSTF: Reset control register software reset flag
Described elsewhere.
Bit 2LVRF: LVR function reset flag
Described elsewhere.
Bit 1
Unimplemented, read as 0.
Bit 0WRF: WDT control register software reset flag
Described elsewhere.
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Operating Mode Switching
The devices can switch between operating modes dynamically allowing the user to select the best
performance/power ratio for the present task in hand. In this way microcontroller operations that
do not require high performance can be executed using slower clocks thus requiring less operating
current and prolonging battery life in portable applications. In simple terms, Mode Switching
between the NORMAL Mode and SLOW Mode is executed using the HLCLK bit and CKS2~CKS0
bits in the SMOD register while Mode Switching from the NORMAL/ SLOW Modes to the SLEEP/
IDLE Modes is executed via the HALT instruction. When a HALT instruction is executed, whether
the device enters the IDLE Mode or the SLEEP Mode is determined by the condition of the IDLEN
bit in the SMOD register and FSYSON in the SMOD1 register. When the HLCLK bit switches to
a low level, which implies that clock source is switched from the high speed clock source, fH, to
the clock source, fH/2~ fH/64 or fSUB. If the clock is from the fSUB, the high speed clock source will
stop running to conserve power. When this happens it must be noted that the fH/16 and fH/64 internal
clock sources will also stop running, which may affect the operation of other internal functions such
as the TMs.
NORMAL
fSYS=fH~fH/64
fH on
CPU run
fSYS on
fSUB on
SLOW
fSYS=fSUB
fSUB on
CPU run
fSYS on
fH off
SLEEP0
HALT instruction executed
fSYS off
CPU stop
IDLEN=0
fSUB off
WDT off
IDLE0
HALT instruction executed
CPU stop
IDLEN=1
FSYSON=0
fSYS off
fSUB on
SLEEP1
HALT instruction executed
fSYS off
CPU stop
IDLEN=0
fSUB on
WDT on
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IDLE1
HALT instruction executed
CPU stop
IDLEN=1
FSYSON=1
fSYS on
fSUB on
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
NORMAL Mode to SLOW Mode Switching
When running in the NORMAL Mode, which uses the high speed system oscillator, and therefore
consumes more power, the system clock can switch to run in the SLOW Mode by setting the
HLCLK bit to “0” and setting the CKS2~CKS0 bits to “000” or “001” in the SMOD register. This
will then use the low speed system oscillator which will consume less power. Users may decide to
do this for certain operations which do not require high performance and can subsequently reduce
power consumption.
The SLOW Mode is sourced from the LIRC oscillator and therefore requires this oscillator to be
stable before full mode switching occurs. This is monitored using the LTO bit in the SMOD register.
NORMAL Mode
CKS2~CKS0 = 00xB &
HLCLK = 0
SLOW Mode
IDLEN=0, WDT is off,
HALT instruction is executed
SLEEP0 Mode
IDLEN=0, WDT is on,
HALT instruction is executed
SLEEP1 Mode
IDLEN=1, FSYSON=0
HALT instruction is executed
IDLE0 Mode
IDLEN=1, FSYSON=1
HALT instruction is executed
IDLE1 Mode
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SLOW Mode to NORMAL Mode Switching
In SLOW mode the system clock is derived from fSUB. To switch back to the NORMAL Mode,
where the high speed system oscillator is used, the HLCLK bit should be set to “1” or HLCLK bit is
“0” but the CKS2~CKS0 field is set to “01x” or “1xx”. As a certain amount of time will be required
for the high frequency clock to stablise, the status of the HTO bit is checked.
SLOW Mode
CKS2~CKS0 ≠ 00x as HLCLK=0
or HLCLK=1
NORMAL Mode
IDLEN=0, WDT off
HALT instruction is executed
SLEEP0 Mode
IDLEN=0, WDT on
HALT instruction is executed
SLEEP1 Mode
IDLEN=1, FSYSON=0
HALT instruction is executed
IDLE0 Mode
IDLEN=1, FSYSON=1
HALT instruction is executed
IDLE1 Mode
Entering the SLEEP0 Mode
There is only one way for the device to enter the SLEEP0 Mode and that is to execute the “HALT”
instruction in the application program with the IDLEN bit in the SMOD register equal to “0” and the
WDT is off. When this instruction is executed under the conditions described above, the following
will occur:
• The system clock, WDT clock and Time Base clock will be stopped and the application program
will stop at the "HALT" instruction.
• The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain their present condition.
• The I/O ports will maintain their present conditions.
• In the status register, the Power Down flag PDF will be set, and WDT timeout flag TO will be
cleared.
• The WDT will be cleared and stopped as the WDT is disabled.
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Entering the SLEEP1 Mode
There is only one way for the device to enter the SLEEP1 Mode and that is to execute the “HALT”
instruction in the application program with the IDLEN bit in the SMOD register equal to “0” and the
WDT is on. When this instruction is executed under the conditions described above, the following
will occur:
• The system clock and Time Base clock will be stopped and the application program will stop at
the "HALT" instruction. However, the WDT clock will continue to run.
• The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain their present condition.
• The I/O ports will maintain their present conditions.
• In the status register, the Power Down flag PDF will be set, and WDT timeout flag TO will be
cleared.
• The WDT will be cleared and resume counting as the WDT is enabled.
Entering the IDLE0 Mode
There is only one way for the device to enter the IDLE0 Mode and that is to execute the “HALT”
instruction in the application program with the IDLEN bit in the SMODE register equal to “1” and
the FSYSON bit in the SMOD1 register equal to “0”. When this instruction is executed under the
conditions described above, the following will occur:
• The system clock will be stopped and the application program will stop at the “HALT”
instruction, but the Time Base clock will be on.
• The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain their present condition.
• The I/O ports will maintain their present conditions.
• In the status register, the Power Down flag PDF will be set, and WDT timeout flag TO will be
cleared.
• The WDT will be cleared and resume counting if the WDT function is enabled.
Entering the IDLE1 Mode
There is only one way for the device to enter the IDLE1 Mode and that is to execute the “HALT”
instruction in the application program with IDLEN bit in the SMODE register equal to “1” and
the FSYSON bit in the SMOD1 register equal to “1”. When this instruction is executed under the
conditions described above, the following will occur:
• The system clock and Time Base clock will be on but the application program will stop at the
“HALT” instruction.
• The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain their present condition.
• The I/O ports will maintain their present conditions.
• In the status register, the Power Down flag PDF will be set, and WDT timeout flag TO will be
cleared.
• The WDT will be cleared and resume counting if the WDT function is enabled.
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Standby Current Considerations
As the main reason for entering the SLEEP or IDLE Mode is to keep the current consumption of the
device to as low a value as possible, perhaps only in the order of several micro-amps except in the
IDLE1 Mode, there are other considerations which must also be taken into account by the circuit
designer if the power consumption is to be minimised. Special attention must be made to the I/O pins
on the device. All high-impedance input pins must be connected to either a fixed high or low level as
any floating input pins could create internal oscillations and result in increased current consumption.
This also applies to devices which have different package types, as there may be unbonbed pins.
These must either be setup as outputs or if setup as inputs must have pull-high resistors connected.
Care must also be taken with the loads, which are connected to I/O pins, which are setup as outputs.
These should be placed in a condition in which minimum current is drawn or connected only to
external circuits that do not draw current, such as other CMOS inputs. In the IDLE1 Mode the
systen oscillator is on, if the peripheral function clock source is derived from the high speed system
oscillator, the additional standby current will also be perhaps in the order of several hundred microamps.
Wake-up
To minimise power consumption the device can enter the SLEEP or any IDLE Mode, where the
CPU will be switched off. However, when the device is woken up again, it will take a considerable
time for the original system oscillator to restart, stablise and allow normal operation to resume.
After the system enters the SLEEP or IDLE Mode, it can be woken up from one of various sources
listed as follows:
• An external reset
• An external falling edge on Port A
• A system interrupt
• A WDT overflow
If the system is woken up by an external reset, the device will experience a full system reset.
However, if the device is woken up by a WDT overflow, a Watchdog Timer reset will be initiated.
Although both of these wake-up methods will initiate a reset operation, the actual source of the
wake-up can be determined by examining the TO and PDF flags. The PDF flag is cleared by a
system power-up or executing the clear Watchdog Timer instructions and is set when executing the
“HALT” instruction. The TO flag is set if a WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only
resets the Program Counter and Stack Pointer, the other flags remain in their original status.
Each pin on Port A can be setup using the PAWU register to permit a negative transition on the pin
to wake up the system. When a Port A pin wake-up occurs, the program will resume execution at
the instruction following the “HALT” instruction. If the system is woken up by an interrupt, then
two possible situations may occur. The first is where the related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt
is enabled but the stack is full, in which case the program will resume execution at the instruction
following the “HALT” instruction. In this situation, the interrupt which woke up the device will not
be immediately serviced, but will rather be serviced later when the related interrupt is finally enabled
or when a stack level becomes free. The other situation is where the related interrupt is enabled and
the stack is not full, in which case the regular interrupt response takes place. If an interrupt request
flag is set high before entering the SLEEP or IDLE Mode, the wake-up function of the related
interrupt will be disabled.
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Watchdog Timer
The Watchdog Timer is provided to prevent program malfunctions or sequences from jumping to
unknown locations, due to certain uncontrollable external events such as electrical noise.
Watchdog Timer Clock Source
The Watchdog Timer clock source is provided by the internal fSUB clock derived from the LIRC
oscillator. The LIRC internal oscillator has an approximate frequency of 32 kHz and this specified
internal clock period can vary with VDD, temperature and process variations. The Watchdog Timer
source clock is then subdivided by a ratio of 28 to 215 to give longer timeouts, the actual value being
chosen using the WS2~WS0 bits in the WDTC register.
Watchdog Timer Control Register
A single register, WDTC, controls the required timeout period as well as the enable/disable
operation. This register controls the overall operation of the Watchdog Timer. The WRF software
reset flag is used to indicate whether the WDT control register software reset occurs or not.
WDTC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
WE4
WE3
WE2
WE1
WE0
WS2
WS1
WS0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
Bit 7~3WE4~WE0: WDT function enable control
10101: Disabled
01010: Enabled
Other values: Reset MCU
If these bits are changed due to adverse environmental conditions, the microcontroller
will be reset. The reset operation will be activated after 2~3 LIRC clock cycles and the
WRF bit in the SMOD1 register will be set to 1.
Bit 2~0WS2~WS0: WDT time-out period selection
000: 28/fSUB
001: 29/fSUB
010: 210/fSUB
011: 211/fSUB
100: 212/fSUB
101: 213/fSUB
110: 214/fSUB
111: 215/fSUB
These three bits determine the division ratio of the watchdog timer source clock,
which in turn determines the time-out period.
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SMOD1 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
FSYSON
—
—
—
RSTF
LVRF
—
WRF
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
POR
0
—
—
—
0
x
—
0
“x”: unknown
Bit 7FSYSON: fSYS control in IDLE mode
Described elsewhere.
Bit 6~4
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 3RSTF: Reset control register software reset flag
Described elsewhere.
Bit 2LVRF: LVR function reset flag
Described elsewhere.
Bit 1
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 0WRF: WDT control register software reset flag
0: Not occurred
1: Occurred
This bit is set to 1 by the WDT control register software reset and cleared by the
application program. Note that this bit can only be cleared to 0 by the application program.
Watchdog Timer Operation
The Watchdog Timer operates by providing a device reset when its timer overflows. This means
that in the application program and during normal operation the user has to strategically clear the
Watchdog Timer before it overflows to prevent the Watchdog Timer from executing a reset. This is
done using the clear watchdog instruction. If the program malfunctions for whatever reason, jumps
to an unknown location, or enters an endless loop, the clear instruction will not be executed in the
correct manner, in which case the Watchdog Timer will overflow and reset the device. With regard to
the Watchdog Timer enable/disable function, there are five bits, WE4~WE0, in the WDTC register
to offer the enable/disable control and reset control of the Watchdog Timer. The WDT function will
be disabled when the WE4~WE0 bits are set to a value of 10101B while the WDT function will
be enabled if the WE4~WE0 bits are equal to 01010B. If the WE4~WE0 bits are set to any other
values, other than 01010B and 10101B, it will reset the device after 2~3 fLIRC clock cycles. After
power on these bits will have a value of 01010B.
WE4 ~ WE0 Bits
WDT Function
10101B
Disable
01010B
Enable
Any other value
Reset MCU
Watchdog Timer Enable/Disable Control
Under normal program operation, a Watchdog Timer time-out will initialise a device reset and set
the status bit TO. However, if the system is in the SLEEP or IDLE Mode, when a Watchdog Timer
time-out occurs, the TO bit in the status register will be set and only the Program Counter and Stack
Pointer will be reset. Four methods can be adopted to clear the contents of the Watchdog Timer.
The first is a WDT reset, which means a certain value except 01010B and 10101B written into the
WE4~WE0 field, the second is using the Watchdog Timer software clear instruction, the third is
using a HALT instruction and the fourth is an external hardware reset.
There is only one method of using software instruction to clear the Watchdog Timer. That is to use
the single “CLR WDT” instruction to clear the WDT contents.
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The maximum time out period is when the 215 division ratio is selected. As an example, with a 32
kHz LIRC oscillator as its source clock, this will give a maximum watchdog period of around 1
second for the 215 division ratio and a minimum timeout of 7.8ms for the 28 division ration.
WDTC WE4~WE0 bits
Registe�
Reset MCU
RES pin �eset
“HALT”Inst��ction
“CLR WDT”Inst��ction
fSUB
CLR
8-stage Divide�
fSUB/�8
WS�~WS0
(fSUB/�8 ~ fSUB/�1�)
WDT P�escale�
8-to-1 MUX
WDT Time-o�t
(�8/fSUB ~ �1�/fSUB)
Watchdog Timer
Reset and Initialisation
A reset function is a fundamental part of any microcontroller ensuring that the devices can be set
to some predetermined condition irrespective of outside parameters. The most important reset
condition is after power is first applied to the microcontroller. In this case, internal circuitry will
ensure that the microcontroller, after a short delay, will be in a well defined state and ready to
execute the first program instruction. After this power-on reset, certain important internal registers
will be set to defined states before the program commences. One of these registers is the Program
Counter, which will be reset to zero forcing the microcontroller to begin program execution from the
lowest Program Memory address.
In addition to the power-on reset, situations may arise where it is necessary to forcefully apply
a reset condition when the microcontroller is running. One example of this is where after power
has been applied and the microcontroller is already running, the RES line is forcefully pulled low.
In such a case, known as a normal operation reset, some of the microcontroller registers remain
unchanged allowing the microcontroller to proceed with normal operation after the reset line is
allowed to return high.
Another type of reset is when the Watchdog Timer overflows and resets the microcontroller. All
types of reset operations result in different register conditions being setup. Another reset exists in the
form of a Low Voltage Reset, LVR, where a full reset is implemented in situations where the power
supply voltage falls below a certain threshold.
Reset Functions
There are five ways in which a microcontroller reset can occur, through events occurring both
internally and externally.
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Power-on Reset
The most fundamental and unavoidable reset is the one that occurs after power is first applied to
the microcontroller. As well as ensuring that the Program Memory begins execution from the first
memory address, a power-on reset also ensures that certain other registers are preset to known
conditions. All the I/O port and port control registers will power up in a high condition ensuring
that all pins will be first set to inputs.
VDD
Powe�-on Reset
tRSTD
SST Time-o�t
Note: tRSTD is power-on delay with typical time = 50 ms
Power-On Reset Timing Chart
RES Pin Reset
Although the microcontroller has an internal RC reset function, if the VDD power supply rise time is
not fast enough or does not stabilise quickly at power-on, the internal reset function may be incapable
of providing proper reset operation. For this reason it is recommended that an external RC network
is connected to the RES pin, whose additional time delay will ensure that the RES pin remains low for
an extended period to allow the power supply to stabilise. During this time delay, normal operation
of the microcontroller will be inhibited. After the RES line reaches a certain voltage value, the reset
delay time tRSTD is invoked to provide an extra delay time after which the microcontroller will begin
normal operation. The abbreviation SST in the figures stands for System Start-up Timer.
For most applications a resistor connected between VDD and the RES pin and a capacitor connected
between VSS and the RES pin will provide a suitable external reset circuit. Any wiring connected
to the RES pin should be kept as short as possible to minimize any stray noise interference. For
applications that operate within an environment where more noise is present the Enhanced Reset
Circuit shown is recommended.
More information regarding external reset circuits is located in Application Note HA0075E on the
Holtek website.
VDD
1N4148*
0.01µF**
0.1µF~1µF
VDD
10kO~
100kO
300O*
RES
VSS
Note: “*” It is recommended that this component is added for added ESD protection.
“**” It is recommended that this component is added in environments where power line noise
is significant.
External RES Circuit
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Pulling the RES Pin low using external hardware will also execute a device reset. In this case, as in
the case of other resets, the Program Counter will reset to zero and program execution initiated from
this point.
0.9VDD
0.4VDD
RES
tRSTD+tSST
Inte�nal Reset
Note: tRSTD is power-on delay with typical time = 16.7 ms
RES Reset Timing Chart
There is an internal reset control register, RSTC, which is used to provide a reset when the device
operates abnormally due to the environmental noise interference. If the content of the RSTC register
is set to any value other than 01010101B or 10101010B, it will reset the device after 2~3 fLIRC clock
cycles. After power on the register will have a value of 01010101B.
RSTC7 ~ RSTC0 Bits
Reset Function
01010101B
I/O or other functions
10101010B
RES function
Any other value
Reset MCU
Reset Function Control
• RSTC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
RSTC7
RSTC6
RSTC5
RSTC4
RSTC3
RSTC2
RSTC1
RSTC0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Bit 7~0RSTC7~RSTC0: Reset function control
01010101: I/O or other functions
10101010: RES function
Other values: Reset MCU
If these bits are changed due to adverse environmental conditions, the microcontroller
will be reset. The reset operation will be activated after 2~3 LIRC clock cycles and
the RSTF bit in the SMOD1 register will be set to 1. All reset will reset this register as
POR value except the WDT time-out reset.
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• SMOD1 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
FSYSON
—
—
—
RSTF
LVRF
—
WRF
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
POR
0
—
—
—
0
x
—
0
“x”: unknown
Bit 7FSYSON: fSYS control in IDLE mode
Described elsewhere.
Bit 6~4
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 3RSTF: Reset control register software reset flag
0: Not occurred
1: Occurred
This bit is set to 1 by the RSTC control register software reset and cleared by the
application program. Note that this bit can only be cleared to 0 by the application program.
Bit 2LVRF: LVR function reset flag
Described elsewhere.
Bit 1
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 0WRF: WDT control register software reset flag
Described elsewhere.
Low Voltage Reset – LVR
The microcontroller contains a low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the
device. The LVR function is always enabled with a specific LVR voltage, VLVR. If the supply voltage
of the device drops to within a range of 0.9V~VLVR such as might occur when changing the battery,
the LVR will automatically reset the device internally and the LVRF bit in the SMOD1 register will
also be set to 1. For a valid LVR signal, a low supply voltage, i.e., a voltage in the range between
0.9V~ VLVR must exist for a time greater than that specified by tLVR in the LVR characteristics. If
the low supply voltage state does not exceed this value, the LVR will ignore the low supply voltage
and will not perform a reset function. The actual VLVR value is 2.1V and the LVR circuit will reset
the device when the supply voltage is less than 2.1V for more than the tLVR time. Note that the LVR
function will be automatically disabled when the device enters the power down mode.
LVR
tRSTD + tSST
Inte�nal Reset
Note: tRSTD is power-on delay with typical time = 50 ms
Low Voltage Reset Timing Chart
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• SMOD1 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
FSYSON
—
—
—
RSTF
LVRF
—
WRF
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
POR
0
—
—
—
0
x
—
0
“x”: unknown
Bit 7FSYSON: fSYS control in IDLE mode
Described elsewhere.
Bit 6~4
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 3RSTF: Reset control register software reset flag
Described elsewhere.
Bit 2LVRF: LVR function reset flag
0: Not occurred
1: Occurred
This bit is set to 1 when a specific low voltage reset condition occurs. Note that this bit
can only be cleared to 0 by the application program.
Bit 1
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 0WRF: WDT control register software reset flag
Described elsewhere.
Watchdog Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
The Watchdog time-out Reset during normal operation is the same as the hardware Low Voltage
Reset except that the Watchdog time-out flag TO will be set to “1”.
WDT Time-o�t
tRSTD + tSST
Inte�nal Reset
Note: tRSTD is power-on delay with typical time = 16.7 ms
WDT Time-out Reset during NORMAL Operation Timing Chart
Watchdog Time-out Reset during SLEEP or IDLE Mode
The Watchdog time-out Reset during SLEEP or IDLE Mode is a little different from other kinds
of reset. Most of the conditions remain unchanged except that the Program Counter and the Stack
Pointer will be cleared to “0” and the TO flag will be set to “1”. Refer to the A.C. Characteristics for
tSST details.
WDT Time-o�t
tSST
Inte�nal Reset
WDT Time-out Reset during SLEEP or IDLE Mode Timing Chart
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Reset Initial Conditions
The different types of reset described affect the reset flags in different ways. These flags, known
as PDF and TO are located in the status register and are controlled by various microcontroller
operations, such as the SLEEP or IDLE Mode function or Watchdog Timer. The reset flags are
shown in the table:
TO
PDF
Reset Function
0
0
Power-on reset
u
u
RES LVR reset during NORMAL or SLOW Mode operation
1
u
WDT time-out reset during NORMAL or SLOW Mode operation
1
1
WDT time-out reset during IDLE or SLEEP Mode operation
“u” stands for unchanged
The following table indicates the way in which the various components of the microcontroller are
affected after a power-on reset occurs.
Item
Reset Function
Program Counter
Reset to zero
Interrupts
All interrupts will be disabled
WDT, Time Base
Clear after reset, WDT begins counting
Timer Modules
Timer Modules will be turned off
Input/Output Ports
I/O ports will be setup as inputs
Stack pointer
Stack pointer will point to the top of the stack
The different kinds of resets all affect the internal registers of the microcontroller in different ways.
To ensure reliable continuation of normal program execution after a reset occurs, it is important to
know what condition the microcontroller is in after a particular reset occurs. The following table
describes how each type of reset affects the microcontroller internal registers.
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Register
Reset
(Power On)
RES Reset
LVR Reset
WDT Time-out
WDT Time-out
(Normal Operation) (Normal Operation) (Normal Operation) (IDLE or SLEEP)*
IAR0
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
MP0
1000 0000
1000 0000
1000 0000
1000 0000
1 uuu uuuu
IAR1
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
MP1
1000 0000
1000 0000
1000 0000
1000 0000
1 uuu uuuu
BP
---- ---0
---- ---0
---- ---0
---- ---0
---- ---0
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
PCL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLH
--xx xxxx
- - uu uuuu
- - uu uuuu
- - uu uuuu
- - uu uuuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
- - uu uuuu
- - uu uuuu
- - 1 u uuuu
- - 1 1 uuuu
SMOD
0 0 0 - 0 0 11
0 0 0 - 0 0 11
0 0 0 - 0 0 11
0 0 0 - 0 0 11
uuu - uuuu
INTC0
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
- uuu uuuu
INTC1
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
PA
111 - - 111
111 - - 111
111 - - 111
111 - - 111
uuu - - uuu
PAC
111 - - 111
111 - - 111
111 - - 111
111 - - 111
uuu - - uuu
PAPU
000- -000
000- -000
000- -000
000- -000
uuu - - uuu
PAWU
000- -000
000- -000
000- -000
000- -000
uuu - - uuu
WDTC
0 1 0 1 0 0 11
0 1 0 1 0 0 11
0 1 0 1 0 0 11
0 1 0 1 0 0 11
uuuu uuuu
TBC
0 0 11 - 111
0 0 11 - 111
0 0 11 - 111
0 0 11 - 111
uuuu - uuu
SMOD1
0--- 0x-0
0 - - - uu - u
0--- u1-u
0 - - - uu - u
u - - - uu - u
EEA
---0 0000
---0 0000
---0 0000
---0 0000
- - - u uuuu
EED
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
RSTC
0101 0101
0101 0101
0101 0101
0101 0101
uuuu uuuu
CTMC0
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
CTMC1
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
CTMDL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
CTMDH
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
- - - - - - uu
CTMAL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
CTMAH
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
- - - - - - uu
EEC
---- 0000
---- 0000
---- 0000
---- 0000
- - - - uuuu
DACR
0-00 0000
0-00 0000
0-00 0000
0-00 0000
u - uu uuuu
CMPC
x-00 ---1
x-00 ---1
x-00 ---1
x-00 ---1
u - uu - - - u
DEBC
---- -000
---- -000
---- -000
---- -000
- - - - - uuu
MUXC
--00 --00
--00 --00
--00 --00
--00 --00
- - uu - - uu
PSEL
- - 0 0 0 111
- - 0 0 0 111
- - 0 0 0 111
- - 0 0 0 111
- - uu uuuu
OPAC
-1-- --00
-1-- --00
-1-- --00
-1-- --00
- u - - - - uu
OPGA
- - - - 1111
- - - - 1111
- - - - 1111
- - - - 1111
- - - - uuuu
Note: “u” stands for unchanged
“x” stands for “unknown”
“-“ stands for unimplemented
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Input/Output Ports
Holtek microcontrollers offer considerable flexibility on their I/O ports. With the input or output
designation of every pin fully under user program control, pull-high selections for all ports and
wake-up selections on certain pins, the user is provided with an I/O structure to meet the needs of a
wide range of application possibilities.
The device providea bidirectional input/output lines labeled with port name PA. These I/O ports
are mapped to the RAM Data Memory with specific addresses as shown in the Special Purpose
Data Memory table. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output operations. For input
operation, these ports are non-latching, which means the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge
of instruction “MOV A, [m]”, where m denotes the port address. For output operation, all the data is
latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten.
Bit
Register
Name
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PA
PA7
PA6
PA5
—
—
PA2
PA1
PA0
PAC
PAC7
PAC6
PAC5
—
—
PAC2
PAC1
PAC0
PAPU
PAPU7
PAPU6
PAPU5
—
—
PAPU2
PAPU1
PAPU0
PAWU
PAWU7
PAWU6
PAWU5
—
—
PAWU2
PAWU1
PAWU0
I/O Registers List
“—”: Unimplemented, read as “0”.
PAn: Port A Data bit
0: Data 0
1: Data 1
PACn: Port A Pin type selection
0: Output
1: Input
PAPUn: Port A Pin pull-high function control
0: Disable
1: Enable
PAWUn: Port A Pin wake-up function control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Pull-high Resistors
Many product applications require pull-high resistors for their switch inputs usually requiring the
use of an external resistor. To eliminate the need for these external resistors, all I/O pins, when
configured as an input have the capability of being connected to an internal pull-high resistor. These
pull-high resistors are selected using the relevant pull-high control registers and are implemented
using weak PMOS transistors.
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Port A Wake-up
The HALT instruction forces the microcontroller into the SLEEP or IDLE Mode which preserves
power, a feature that is important for battery and other low-power applications. Various methods
exist to wake-up the microcontroller, one of which is to change the logic condition on one of the Port
A pins from high to low. This function is especially suitable for applications that can be woken up
via external switches. Each pin on Port A can be selected individually to have this wake-up feature
using the PAWU register.
I/O Port Control Register
Each Port has its own control register, known as PAC, which controls the input/output configuration.
With this control register, each I/O pin with or without pull-high resistors can be reconfigured
dynamically under software control. For the I/O pin to function as an input, the corresponding bit of
the control register must be written as a “1”. This will then allow the logic state of the input pin to
be directly read by instructions. When the corresponding bit of the control register is written as a “0”,
the I/O pin will be setup as a CMOS output. If the pin is currently setup as an output, instructions
can still be used to read the output register.
However, it should be noted that the program will in fact only read the status of the output data latch
and not the actual logic status of the output pin.
Pin-shared Functions
The flexibility of the microcontroller range is greatly enhanced by the use of pins that have more
than one function. Limited numbers of pins can force serious design constraints on designers but by
supplying pins with multi-functions, many of these difficulties can be overcome. For these pins, the
desired function of the multi-function I/O pins is selected by a register via the application program
control.
Pin-shared Function Selection Registers
The limited number of supplied pins in a package can impose restrictions on the amount of functions
a certain device can contain. However by allowing the same pins to share several different functions
and providing a means of function selection, a wide range of different functions can be incorporated
into even relatively small package sizes. This device includes pin-shared function selection register,
labeled as PSEL, which can select the desired functions of the multi-function pin-shared pins.
The most important point to note is to make sure that the desired pin-shared function is properly
selected and also deselected. To select the desired pin-shared function, the pin-shared function
should first be correctly selected using the corresponding pin-shared control register. After that the
corresponding peripheral functional setting should be configured and then the peripheral function
can be enabled. To correctly deselect the pin-shared function, the peripheral function should first be
disabled and then the corresponding pin-shared function control register can be modified to select
other pin-shared functions.
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• PSEL Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
PSEL5
PSEL4
PSEL3
PSEL2
PSEL1
PSEL0
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
—
—
0
0
0
1
1
1
Bit 7~6
Unimplemented, read as 0
Bit 5PSEL5: PA7 output type
0: CMOS type
1: Open drain type
Bit 4PSEL4: PA2 output type
0: CMOS type
1: Open drain type
Bit 3PSEL3: PA0 pin function selection
0: PA0
1: CTP
Bit 2PSEL2: PA6 pin function selection
0: PA6
1: AD2
Bit 1PSEL1: PA5 pin function selection
0: PA5
1: SEN
Bit 0PSEL0: PA1 pin function selection
0: PA1
1: AD1
I/O Pin Structures
The accompanying diagrams illustrate the internal structures of some generic I/O pin types. As
the exact logical construction of the I/O pin will differ from these drawings, they are supplied as a
guide only to assist with the functional understanding of the I/O pins. The wide range of pin-shared
structures does not permit all types to be shown.
   
   Generic Input/Output Structure
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Programming Considerations
Within the user program, one of the things first to consider is port initialisation. After a reset, all
of the I/O data and port control registers will be set to high. This means that all I/O pins will be
defaulted to an input state, the level of which depends on the other connected circuitry and whether
pull-high selections have been chosen. If the port control registers are then programmed to setup
some pins as outputs, these output pins will have an initial high output value unless the associated
port data registers are first programmed. Selecting which pins are inputs and which are outputs can
be achieved byte-wide by loading the correct values into the appropriate port control register or
by programming individual bits in the port control register using the “SET [m].i” and “CLR [m].i”
instructions. Note that when using these bit control instructions, a read-modify-write operation takes
place. The microcontroller must first read in the data on the entire port, modify it to the required new
bit values and then rewrite this data back to the output ports.
Port A has the additional capability of providing wake-up functions. When the device is in the
SLEEP or IDLE Mode, various methods are available to wake the device up. One of these is a high
to low transition of any of the Port A pins. Single or multiple pins on Port A can be setup to have this
function.
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Compact Type Timer Module – CTM
One of the most fundamental functions in any microcontroller devices is the ability to control
and measure time. To implement time related functions the device includes one Timer Module,
generally abbreviated to the name TM. This TM is the simplest type of the TMs which contains a
multi-purpose timing unit. Although the simplest form of the TM types, the Compact TM type still
contains three operating modes, which are Compare Match Output, Timer/Event Counter and PWM
Output modes. The Compact TM can also be controlled with an external input pin and can drive one
external output pin.
The key to understanding how the TM operates is to see it in terms of a free running count-up
counter whose value is then compared with the value of pre-programmed internal comparators.
When the free running count-up counter has the same value as the pre-programmed comparator,
known as a compare match situation, a TM interrupt signal will be generated which can clear the
counter and perhaps also change the condition of the TM output pin. The CTM has two interrupts,
one for each of the internal comparator A or comparator P, which generate a TM interrupt when
a compare match condition occurs. When a TM interrupt is generated, it can be used to clear the
counter and also to change the state of the TM output pin.
The internal TM counter is driven by a user selectable clock source, which can be an internal
clock or an external pin. The selection of the required clock source is implemented using the
CTCK2~CTCK0 bits in the CTM control registers. The clock source can be a ratio of the system
clock, fSYS, or the internal high clock, fH, the fSUB clock source or the external CTCK pin. The CTCK
pin clock source is used to allow an external signal to drive the TM as an external clock source for
event counting.
The TM output pin can be selected using the corresponding pin-shared function selection bits
described in the Pin-shared Function section. When the TM is in the Compare Match Output Mode,
these pins can be controlled by the TM to switch to a high or low level or to toggle when a compare
match situation occurs. The external CTP output pin is also the pin where the TM generates the
PWM output waveform. As the TM output pins are pin-shared with other functions, the TM output
function must first be setup using relevant pin-shared function selection register.
CTM Core
CTM Input Pin
CTM Output Pin
10-bit CTM
CTCK
CTP
CCRP
fSYS/4
fSYS
fH/16
fH/64
fSUB
fSUB
3-bit Comparator P
000
001
011
10-bit Count-up Counter
100
101
111
CTON
CTPAU
Counter Clear
0
1
CTCCLR
b0~b9
10-bit Comparator A
CTMPF Interrupt
CTOC
b7~b9
010
110
CTCK
Comparator P Match
Comparator A Match
Output
Control
Polarity
Control
Pin
Control
CTM1, CTM0
CTIO1, CTIO0
CTPOL
Pin-shared
control bit
CTP
CTMAF Interrupt
CTCK2~CTCK0
CCRA
Compact Type TM Block Diagram
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Compact TM Operation
The Compact TM core is a 10-bit count-up counter which is driven by a user selectable internal or
external clock source. There are also two internal comparators with the names, Comparator A and
Comparator P. These comparators will compare the value in the counter with CCRP and CCRA
registers. The CCRP is three-bit wide whose value is compared with the highest three bits in the
counter while the CCRA is ten-bit wide and therefore compares with all counter bits.
The only way of changing the value of the 10-bit counter using the application program, is to
clear the counter by changing the CTON bit from low to high. The counter will also be cleared
automatically by a counter overflow or a compare match with one of its associated comparators.
When these conditions occur, a TM interrupt signal will also usually be generated. The Compact
Type TM can operate in a number of different operational modes, can be driven by different clock
sources including an input pin and can also control an output pin. All operating setup conditions are
selected using relevant internal registers.
Compact Type TM Register Description
Overall operation of the Compact TM is controlled using a series of registers. A read only register
pair exists to store the internal counter 16-bit value, while a read/write register pair exists to store
the internal 10-bit CCRA value. The remaining two registers are control registers which setup the
different operating and control modes and as well as the three CCRP bits.
Bit
Register
Name
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CTMC0
CTPAU
CTCK2
CTCK1
CTCK0
CTON
CTRP2
CTRP1
CTRP0
CTMC1
CTM1
CTM0
CTIO1
CTIO0
CTOC
CTPOL
CTDPX
CTCCLR
CTMDL
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
CTMDH
—
—
—
—
—
—
D9
D8
CTMAL
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
CTMAH
—
—
—
—
—
—
D9
D8
10-bit Compact TM Registers List
CTMDL Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
POR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7~0
CTM Counter Low Byte Register bit 7 ~ bit 0
CTM 10-bit Counter bit 7 ~ bit 0
CTMDH Register
Rev. 1.00
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
—
—
—
—
D9
D8
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
R
R
POR
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
0
Bit 7~2
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 1~0
CTM Counter High Byte Register bit 1 ~ bit 0
CTM 10-bit Counter bit 9 ~ bit 8
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CTMAL Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7~0
CTM CCRA Low Byte Register bit 7 ~ bit 0
CTM 10-bit CCRA bit 7 ~ bit 0
CTMAH Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
—
—
—
—
D9
D8
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
POR
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
0
Bit 7~2
Bit 1~0
Unimplemented, read as “0”
CTM CCRA High Byte Register bit 1 ~ bit 0
CTM 10-bit CCRA bit 9 ~ bit 8
CTMC0 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
CTPAU
CTCK2
CTCK1
CTCK0
CTON
CTRP2
CTRP1
CTRP0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7CTPAU: CTM Counter Pause control
0: Run
1: Pause
The counter can be paused by setting this bit high. Clearing the bit to zero restores
normal counter operation. When in a Pause condition the CTM will remain powered
up and continue to consume power. The counter will retain its residual value when
this bit changes from low to high and resume counting from this value when the bit
changes to a low value again.
Bit 6~4CTCK2~CTCK0: Select CTM Counter clock
000: fSYS/4
001: fSYS
010: fH/16
011: fH/64
100: fSUB
101: fSUB
110: CTCK rising edge clock
111: CTCK falling edge clock
These three bits are used to select the clock source for the CTM. The external pin
clock source can be chosen to be active on the rising or falling edge. The clock source
fSYS is the system clock, while fH and fSUB are other internal clocks, the details of which
can be found in the oscillator section.
Bit 3CTON: CTM Counter On/Off control
0: Off
1: On
This bit controls the overall on/off function of the CTM. Setting the bit high enables
the counter to run while clearing the bit disables the CTM. Clearing this bit to zero
will stop the counter from counting and turn off the CTM which will reduce its power
consumption. When the bit changes state from low to high the internal counter value
will be reset to zero, however when the bit changes from high to low, the internal
counter will retain its residual value until the bit returns high again. If the CTM is in
the Compare Match Output Mode then the CTM output pin will be reset to its initial
condition, as specified by the CTOC bit, when the CTON bit changes from low to high.
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Bit 2~0
CTRP2~CTRP0: CTM CCRP 3-bit register, compared with the CTM Counter bit 9 ~ bit 7
000: 1024 CTM clocks
001: 128 CTM clocks
010: 256 CTM clocks
011: 384 CTM clocks
100: 512 CTM clocks
101: 640 CTM clocks
110: 768 CTM clocks
111: 896 CTM clocks
These three bits are used to setup the value on the internal CCRP 3-bit register, which
are then compared with the internal counter’s highest three bits. The result of this
comparison can be selected to clear the internal counter if the CTCCLR bit is set to
zero. Setting the CTCCLR bit to zero ensures that a compare match with the CCRP
values will reset the internal counter. As the CCRP bits are only compared with the
highest three counter bits, the compare values exist in 128 clock cycle multiples.
Clearing all three bits to zero is in effect allowing the counter to overflow at its
maximum value.
CTMC1 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
CTM1
CTM0
CTIO1
CTIO0
CTOC
CTPOL
CTDPX
CTCCLR
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7~6CTM1~CTM0: Select CTM Operating Mode
00: Compare Match Output Mode
01: Undefined
10: PWM Mode
11: Timer/Counter Mode
These bits setup the required operating mode for the CTM. To ensure reliable
operation the CTM should be switched off before any changes are made to the CTM1
and CTM0 bits. In the Timer/Counter Mode, the CTM output pin control will be
disabled.
Bit 5~4CTIO1~CTIO0: Select CTM external pin (CTP) function
Compare Match Output Mode
00: No change
01: Output low
10: Output high
11: Toggle output
PWM Output Mode
00: PWM output inactive state
01: PWM output active state
10: PWM output
11: Undefined
Timer/Counter Mode
Unused
These two bits are used to determine how the CTM output pin changes state when a
certain condition is reached. The function that these bits select depends upon in which
mode the CTM is running.
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In the Compare Match Output Mode, the CTIO1 and CTIO0 bits determine how the
CTM output pin changes state when a compare match occurs from the Comparator A.
The CTM output pin can be setup to switch high, switch low or to toggle its present
state when a compare match occurs from the Comparator A. When the bits are both
zero, then no change will take place on the output. The initial value of the CTM output
pin should be setup using the CTOC bit in the CTMC1 register. Note that the output
level requested by the CTIO1 and CTIO0 bits must be different from the initial value
setup using the CTOC bit otherwise no change will occur on the CTM output pin when
a compare match occurs. After the CTM output pin changes state, it can be reset to its
initial level by changing the level of the CTON bit from low to high.
In the PWM Mode, the CTIO1 and CTIO0 bits determine how the CTM output pin
changes state when a certain compare match condition occurs. The PWM output
function is modified by changing these two bits. It is necessary to only change the
values of the CTIO1 and CTIO0 bits only after the CTM has been switched off.
Unpredictable PWM outputs will occur if the CTIO1 and CTIO0 bits are changed
when the CTM is running.
Bit 3CTOC: CTP Output control
Compare Match Output Mode
0: Initial low
1: Initial high
PWM Output Mode
0: Active low
1: Active high
This is the output control bit for the CTM output pin. Its operation depends upon
whether CTM is being used in the Compare Match Output Mode or in the PWM
Mode. It has no effect if the CTM is in the Timer/Counter Mode. In the Compare
Match Output Mode it determines the logic level of the CTM output pin before a
compare match occurs. In the PWM Mode it determines if the PWM signal is active
high or active low.
Bit 2CTPOL: CTP Output polarity control
0: Non-inverted
1: Inverted
This bit controls the polarity of the CTP output pin. When the bit is set high the CTM
output pin will be inverted and not inverted when the bit is zero. It has no effect if the
CTM is in the Timer/Counter Mode.
Bit 1CTDPX: CTM PWM duty/period control
0: CCRP – period; CCRA – duty
1: CCRP – duty; CCRA – period
This bit determines which of the CCRA and CCRP registers are used for period and
duty control of the PWM waveform.
Bit 0CTCCLR: CTM Counter Clear condition selection
0: CTMn Comparator P match
1: CTMn Comparator A match
This bit is used to select the method which clears the counter. Remember that the
Compact TM contains two comparators, Comparator A and Comparator P, either of
which can be selected to clear the internal counter. With the CTCCLR bit set high,
the counter will be cleared when a compare match occurs from the Comparator A.
When the bit is low, the counter will be cleared when a compare match occurs from
the Comparator P or with a counter overflow. A counter overflow clearing method can
only be implemented if the CCRP bits are all cleared to zero. The CTCCLR bit is not
used in the PWM Mode.
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Compact Type TM Operation Modes
The Compact Type TM can operate in one of three operating modes, Compare Match Output Mode,
PWM Mode or Timer/Counter Mode. The operating mode is selected using the CTM1 and CTM0
bits in the CTMC1 register.
Compare Match Output Mode
To select this mode, bits CTM1 and CTM0 in the CTMC1 register, should be set to “00”
respectively. In this mode once the counter is enabled and running it can be cleared by three
methods. These are a counter overflow, a compare match from Comparator A and a compare match
from Comparator P. When the CTCCLR bit is low, there are two ways in which the counter can be
cleared. One is when a compare match occurs from Comparator P, the other is when the CCRP bits
are all zero which allows the counter to overflow. Here both CTMAF and CTMPF interrupt request
flags for the Comparator A and Comparator P respectively, will both be generated.
If the CTCCLR bit in the CTMC1 register is high then the counter will be cleared when a compare
match occurs from Comparator A. However, here only the CTMAF interrupt request flag will be
generated even if the value of the CCRP bits is less than that of the CCRA registers. Therefore when
CTCCLR is high no CTMPF interrupt request flag will be generated. If the CCRA bits are all zero,
the counter will overflow when its reaches its maximum 10-bit, 3FF Hex, value, however here the
CTMAF interrupt request flag will not be generated.
As the name of the mode suggests, after a comparison is made, the CTM output pin will change
state. The CTM output pin condition however only changes state when a CTMAF interrupt request
flag is generated after a compare match occurs from Comparator A. The CTMPF interrupt request
flag, generated from a compare match occurs from Comparator P, will have no effect on the CTM
output pin. The way in which the CTM output pin changes state are determined by the condition of
the CTIO1 and CTIO0 bits in the CTMC1 register. The CTM output pin can be selected using the
CTIO1 and CTIO0 bits to go high, to go low or to toggle from its present condition when a compare
match occurs from Comparator A. The initial condition of the CTM output pin, which is setup after
the CTON bit changes from low to high, is setup using the CTOC bit. Note that if the CTIO1 and
CTIO0 bits are zero then no pin change will take place.
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Counter Value
Counter overflow
CCRP=0
0x3FF
CTCCLR = 0; CTM [1:0] = 00
CCRP > 0
Counter cleared by CCRP value
CCRP > 0
Counter
Restart
Resume
CCRP
Pause
CCRA
Stop
Time
CTON
CTPAU
CTPOL
CCRP Int. flag
CTMPF
CCRA Int. flag
CTMAF
CTM O/P Pin
Output pin set to
initial Level Low
if CTOC=0
Output not affected by CTMAF
flag. Remains High until reset by
CTON bit
Output Toggle with
CTMAF flag
Here CTIO [1:0] = 11
Toggle Output select
Note CTIO [1:0] = 10
Active High Output select
Output Inverts
when CTPOL is high
Output Pin
Reset to Initial value
Output controlled by
other pin-shared function
Compare Match Output Mode – CTCCLR = 0
Note: 1. With CTCCLR = 0, a Comparator P match will clear the counter
2. The CTM output pin controlled only by CTMAF flag
3. The output pin is reset to its initial state by CTON bit rising edge
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Counter Value
CTCCLR = 1; CTM [1:0] = 00
CCRA = 0
Counter overflow
CCRA > 0 Counter cleared by CCRA value
0x3FF
Resume
CCRA
Pause
CCRA=0
Stop
Counter Restart
CCRP
Time
CTON
CTPAU
CTPOL
No CTMAF flag
generated on
CCRA overflow
CCRA Int. flag
CTMAF
CCRP Int. flag
CTMPF
CTM O/P Pin
CTMPF not
generated
Output pin set to
initial Level Low
if CTOC=0
Output does
not change
Output not affected by
CTMAF flag. Remains High
until reset by CTON bit
Output Toggle with
CTMAF flag
Here CTIO [1:0] = 11
Toggle Output select
Note CTIO [1:0] = 10
Active High Output select
Output Inverts
when CTPOL is high
Output Pin
Reset to Initial value
Output controlled by
other pin-shared function
Compare Match Output Mode – CTCCLR = 1
Note: 1. With CTCCLR = 1, a Comparator A match will clear the counter
2. The CTM output pin is controlled only by CTMAF flag
3. The CTM output pin is reset to initial state by CTON rising edge
4. The CTMPF flags is not generated when CTCCLR = 1
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Timer/Counter Mode
To select this mode, bits CTM1 and CTM0 in the CTMC1 register should be set to 11 respectively.
The Timer/Counter Mode operates in an identical way to the Compare Match Output Mode
generating the same interrupt flags. The exception is that in the Timer/Counter Mode the CTM
output pin is not used. Therefore the above description and Timing Diagrams for the Compare
Match Output Mode can be used to understand its function. As the CTM output pin is not used in
this mode, the pin can be used as a normal I/O pin or other pin-shared function.
PWM Output Mode
To select this mode, bits CTM1 and CTM0 in the CTMC1 register should be set to 10 respectively.
The PWM function within the CTM is useful for applications which require functions such as motor
control, heating control, illumination control etc. By providing a signal of fixed frequency but of
varying duty cycle on the CTM output pin, a square wave AC waveform can be generated with
varying equivalent DC RMS values.
As both the period and duty cycle of the PWM waveform can be controlled, the choice of generated
waveform is extremely flexible. In the PWM mode, the CTCCLR bit has no effect on the PWM
operation. Both of the CCRA and CCRP registers are used to generate the PWM waveform, one
register is used to clear the internal counter and thus control the PWM waveform frequency, while
the other one is used to control the duty cycle. Which register is used to control either frequency
or duty cycle is determined using the CTDPX bit in the CTMC1 register. The PWM waveform
frequency and duty cycle can therefore be controlled by the values in the CCRA and CCRP registers.
An interrupt flag, one for each of the CCRA and CCRP, will be generated when a compare match
occurs from either Comparator A or Comparator P. The CTOC bit in the CTMC1 register is used to
select the required polarity of the PWM waveform while the two CTIO1 and CTIO0 bits are used to
enable the PWM output or to force the TM output pin to a fixed high or low level. The CTPOL bit is
used to reverse the polarity of the PWM output waveform.
• 10-bit CTM, PWM Mode, Edge-aligned Mode, CTDPX=0
CCRP
001b
011b
011b
100b
101b
110b
111b
000b
Period
128
256
384
512
640
768
896
1024
Duty
CCRA
If fSYS = 8MHz, CTM clock source is fSYS/4, CCRP = 2 and CCRA = 128,
The CTM PWM output frequency = (fSYS/4) / (2x256) = fSYS/2048 = 4 kHz, duty = 128/(2x256)= 25%.
If the Duty value defined by the CCRA register is equal to or greater than the Period value, then the
PWM output duty is 100%.
• 10-bit CTM, PWM Mode, Edge-aligned Mode, CTDPX=1
CCRP
001b
011b
011b
100b
Period
Duty
101b
110b
111b
000b
768
896
1024
CCRA
128
256
384
512
640
The PWM output period is determined by the CCRA register value together with the CTM clock
while the PWM duty cycle is defined by the CCRP register value.
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Counter Value
CTDPX = 0; CTM [1:0] = 10
Counter cleared
by CCRP
Counter Reset when
CTON returns high
CCRP
Pause Resume
CCRA
Counter Stop if
CTON bit low
Time
CTON
CTPAU
CTPOL
CCRA Int. flag
CTMAF
CCRP Int. flag
CTMPF
CTM O/P Pin
(CTOC=1)
CTM O/P Pin
(CTOC=0)
PWM Duty Cycle
set by CCRA
PWM Period
set by CCRP
PWM resumes
operation
Output controlled by
Output Inverts
other pin-shared function
when CTPOL = 1
PWM Output Mode – CTDXP = 0
Note: 1. Here CTDPX = 0 – Counter cleared by CCRP
2. A counter clear sets PWM Period
3. The internal PWM function continues even when CTIO1, CTIO0 = 00 or 01
4. The CTCCLR bit has no influence on PWM operation
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Counter Value
CTDPX = 1; CTM [1:0] = 10
Counter cleared
by CCRA
Counter Reset when
CTON returns high
CCRA
Pause Resume
CCRP
Counter Stop if
CTON bit low
Time
CTON
CTPAU
CTPOL
CCRP Int.
flag CTMPF
CCRA Int.
flag CTMAF
CTM O/P Pin
(CTOC=1)
CTM O/P Pin
(CTOC=0)
PWM Duty Cycle
set by CCRP
PWM Period
set by CCRA
PWM resumes
operation
Output controlled by
Output Inverts
other pin-shared function
when CTPOL = 1
PWM Output Mode – CTDXP = 1
Note: 1. Here CTDPX = 1 – Counter cleared by CCRA
2. A counter clear sets PWM Period
3. The internal PWM function continues even when CTIO [1:0] = 00 or 01
4. The CTCCLR bit has no influence on PWM operation
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Programming Considerations
The TM Counter Registers and the Capture/Compare CCRA registers, all have a low and high byte
structure. The high bytes can be directly accessed, but as the low bytes can only be accessed via an
internal 8-bit buffer, reading or writing to these register pairs must be carried out in a specific way.
The important point to note is that data transfer to and from the 8-bit buffer and its related low byte
only takes place when a write or read operation to its corresponding high byte is executed.
As the CCRA registers is implemented in the way shown in the following diagram and accessing
these register pairs is carried out in a specific way as described above, it is recommended to use the
“MOV” instruction to access the CCRA low byte registers, named CTMAL, using the following
access procedures. Accessing the CCRA low byte registers without following these access
procedures will result in unpredictable values.
CTM Co�nte� Registe�
(Read onl�)
CTMDL
CTMDH
8-bit B�ffe�
CTMAL
CTMAH
CTM CCRA Registe�
(Read/W�ite)
Data
B�s
The following steps show the read and write procedures:
• Writing Data to CCRA
♦♦
Step 1. Write data to Low Byte CTMAL
––note that here data is only written to the 8-bit buffer.
♦♦
Step 2. Write data to High Byte CTMAH
––here data is written directly to the high byte registers and simultaneously data is latched
from the 8-bit buffer to the Low Byte registers.
• Reading Data from the Counter Registers and CCRA
Rev. 1.00
♦♦
Step 1. Read data from the High Byte CTMDH or CTMAH
––here data is read directly from the High Byte registers and simultaneously data is latched
from the Low Byte register into the 8-bit buffer.
♦♦
Step 2. Read data from the Low Byte CTMDL or CTMAL
––this step reads data from the 8-bit buffer.
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Digital to Analog Converter
There is a 6-bit R-2R Digital to Analog converter integrated in this device. The digital data to be
converted is stored in the DACR register. The D/A converter output can be used as the reference
voltage applied on the negative input of the comparator. The DACEN bit is used to control the D/A
converter function.
Bit
Register
Name
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DACR
DACEN
—
DA5
DA4
DA3
DA2
DA1
DA0
OPAC
—
OPAEN
—
—
—
—
CKS1
CKS0
Digital to Analog Converter Registers List
DACR Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
DACEN
—
DA5
DA4
DA3
DA2
DA1
DA0
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
—
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7DACEN: D/A converter Enable control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 6
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 5~0DA5~DA0: D/A converter digital data bit 5 ~ bit 0
D/A output voltage =
[DA5 ~ DA0] × VDD
64
OPAC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
OPAEN
—
—
—
—
CKS1
CKS0
R/W
—
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
POR
—
1
—
—
—
—
0
0
Bit 7
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 6OPAEN: Operational Amplifier Enable control
Described elsewhere.
Bit 5~2
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 1~0CKS1~CKS0: D/A converter clock source selection
00: fLIRC/4
01~11: Reserved, can not be used.
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Operational Amplifier
This device contains an operational amplifier with programmable gain selections, which is used
to amplify the small analog input signal. After amplification the output signal can be sent to the
comparator positive input to compare with the negative input signal. The overall function is
controlled by the OPAC and OPGA registers.
Bit
Register
Name
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OPAC
—
OPAEN
—
—
—
—
CKS1
CKS0
OPGA
—
—
—
—
GAS3
GAS2
GAS1
GAS0
Operational Amplifier Registers List
OPAC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
OPAEN
—
—
—
—
CKS1
CKS0
R/W
—
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
POR
—
1
—
—
—
—
0
0
Bit 7
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 6OPAEN: Operational Amplifier Enable control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 5~2
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 1~0CKS1~CKS0: D/A converter clock source selection
Described elsewhere.
OPGA Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
—
—
GAS3
GAS2
GAS1
GAS0
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
—
—
—
—
1
1
1
1
Bit 7~4
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 3~0GAS3~GAS0: Operational Amplifier gain selection
Rev. 1.00
0000: Gain = 1
0100: Gain = 10
1000: Gain = 15
1100: Gain = 25
0001: Gain = 10
0101: Gain = 100
1001: Gain = 150
1101: Gain = 250
0010: Gain = 30
0110: Gain = 300
1010: Gain = 450
1110: Gain = 750
0011: Gain = 40
0111: Gain = 400
1011: Gain = 600
1111: Gain = 1000
64
January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Comparators
The device contains an analog comparator which operates with the 6-bit R-2R D/A converter and
operational amplifier in applications. These functions offer flexibility via the corresponding registers
controlled features such as power-down, hysteresis, etc. In sharing their pins with normal I/O pins
the comparator does not waste precious I/O pins if their functions are otherwise unused.
DA[5:0]
6-bit
D/A
M
U
X
AD1
AD2
CMPHY[1:0]
−
Pin-shared
select
CNSEL[1:0]
OPAEN
Debounce
Circuit
+
M
U
X
OPA
SEN
CMPOP
CMPEN
Debounce Interrupt
DSTAG[2:0]
Comparator Interrupt
GAS[3:0]
CPSEL[1:0]
Comparator Block Diagram
Comparator Operation
The comparator functions are used to compare two analog voltages and provide an output based on
their input difference. Any pull-high resistors connected to the shared comparator input pins will be
automatically disconnected when the corresponding comparator functional pins are selected. As the
comparator inputs approach their switching level, some spurious output signals may be generated
on the comparator output due to the slow rising or falling nature of the input signals. This can be
minimised by the hysteresis function. Ideally the comparator should switch at the point where the
positive and negative inputs signals are at the same voltage level. However, unavoidable input
offsets introduce some uncertainties here. The hysteresis function, if enabled, will also increase the
switching offset value. The hysteresis window will be changed for different selections.
An interrupt will be generated when the comparator output changes state from low to high. Another
interrupt will be generated when the comparator output rising edge transition occurs and keeps more
than a certain debounce time determined by the DSTAG2~DSTAG0 bits. If the comparator output
rising edge transition occurs but does not keep more than the specific debounce time, the debounce
circuit interrupt will not be generated.
Comparator Registers
Full control over the internal comparator is provided via the control registers, CMPC, MUXC and
DEBC. The comparator output is recorded via a bit in the respective control register. The comparator
power down control bit, CMPEN, is used to control the overall comparator function.
Bit
Register
Name
7
6
3
2
1
0
CMPC
CMPOP
—
CMPHY1 CMPHY0
—
—
—
CMPEN
MUXC
—
—
CNSEL1
CNSEL0
—
—
CPSEL1
CPSEL0
DEBC
—
—
—
—
—
DSTAG2
DSTAG1
DSTAG0
5
4
Comparator Registers List
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
CMPC Register
Bit
7
6
Name
CMPOP
—
5
R/W
R
—
R/W
POR
x
—
0
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
CMPEN
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
0
—
—
—
1
CMPHY1 CMPHY0
“x”: unknown
Bit 7CMPOP: Comparator output status
0: Positive input voltage < Negative input voltage
1: Positive input voltage > Negative input voltage
This bit is read-only and used to store compatarot output status.
Bit 6
Unimplemented, read as “0”.
Bit 5~4CMPHY1~CMPHY0: Comparator hysteresis selection
00: ±0mV
01: ±25mV
10: ±50mV
11: ±75mV
Bit 3~1
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 0CMPEN: Comparator Enable control
0: Disable
1: Enable
MUXC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
CNSEL1
CNSEL0
—
—
CPSEL1
CPSEL0
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
POR
—
—
0
0
—
—
0
0
“x”: unknown
Bit 7~6
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 5~4CNSEL1~CNSEL0: Comparator negative input selection
00: AD2
01: AD1
1x: DAC output
Bit 3~2
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 1~0CPSEL1~CPSEL0: Comparator positive input selection
00: OPA output
01: AD1
1x: AD2
DEBC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
—
—
—
—
DSTAG2
DSTAG1
DSTAG0
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
—
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
Bit 7~3
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 2~0DSTAG2~DSTAG0: Debounce time selection
000: No debounce
001: 4 fLIRC clock cycles
010: 8 fLIRC clock cycles
011: 16 fLIRC clock cycles
100: 32 fLIRC clock cycles
101: 64 fLIRC clock cycles
110: 128 fLIRC clock cycles
111: 128 fLIRC clock cycles
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Interrupts
Interrupts are an important part of any microcontroller system. When an external event or an
internal function such as a Timer Module or an A/D converter requires microcontroller attention,
their corresponding interrupt will enforce a temporary suspension of the main program allowing the
microcontroller to direct attention to their respective needs. These devices contain several external
interrupt and internal interrupts functions. The external interrupts are generated by the action of
the external INT0 and INT1 pins, while the internal interrupts are generated by various internal
functions such as the TMs, Time Base, EEPROM, Comparator and debounce circuit.
Interrupt Registers
Overall interrupt control, which basically means the setting of request flags when certain
microcontroller conditions occur and the setting of interrupt enable bits by the application program,
is controlled by a series of registers, located in the Special Purpose Data Memory, as shown in
the accompanying table. These registers are the INTC0~INTC2 registers which setup the primary
interrupts.
Each register contains a number of enable bits to enable or disable individual interrupts as well
as interrupt flags to indicate the presence of an interrupt request. The naming convention of these
follows a specific pattern. First is listed an abbreviated interrupt type, then the (optional) number of
that interrupt followed by either an “E” for enable/disable bit or “F” for request flag.
Enable Bit
Request Flag
Notes
Global
Function
EMI
—
—
Comparator
CPE
CPF
—
Debounce
DEBE
DEBF
—
Time Base
TBnE
TBnF
n=0~1
—
EEPROM write operation
CTM
DEE
DEF
CTMPE
CTMPF
CTMAE
CTMAF
—
Interrupt Register Bit Naming Conventions
Bit
Register
Name
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
INTC0
—
TB0F
DEBF
CPF
TB0E
DEBE
CPE
EMI
INTC1
TB1F
DEF
CTMAF
CTMPF
TB1E
DEE
CTMAE
CTMPE
Interrupt Registers List
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
INTC0 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
—
TB0F
DEBF
CPF
TB0E
DEBE
CPE
EMI
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
—
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7
Unimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 6TB0F: Time Base 0 interrupt request flag
0: no request
1: interrupt request
Bit 5DEBF: Debounce circuit interrupt request flag
0: no request
1: interrupt request
Bit 4CPF: Comparator interrupt request flag
0: no request
1: interrupt request
Bit 3TB0E: Time Base 0 interrupt control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 2DEBE: Debounce circuit interrupt control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 1CPE: Comparator interrupt control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 0EMI: Global interrupt control
0: Disable
1: Enable
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
INTC1 Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
TB1F
DEF
CTMAF
CTMPF
TB1E
DEE
CTMAE
CTMPE
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 7TB1F: Time Base 1 interrupt request flag
0: No request
1: Interrupt request
Bit 6DEF: Data EEPROM Interrupt request flag
0: No request
1: Interrupt request
Bit 5CTMAF: CTM Comparator A match Interrupt request flag
0: No request
1: Interrupt request
Bit 4CTMPF: CTM Comparator P match Interrupt request flag
0: No request
1: Interrupt request
Bit 3TB1E: Time Base 1 interrupt control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 2DEE: Data EEPROM Interrupt control
0: disable
1: enable
Bit 1CTMAE: CTM Comparator A match Interrupt control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 0CTMPE: CTM Comparator P match Interrupt control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Interrupt Operation
When the conditions for an interrupt event occur, such as a TM Comparator P or Comparator A or
Comparator output transition, etc, the relevant interrupt request flag will be set. Whether the request
flag actually generates a program jump to the relevant interrupt vector is determined by the condition
of the interrupt enable bit. If the enable bit is set high then the program will jump to its relevant
vector; if the enable bit is zero then although the interrupt request flag is set an actual interrupt will
not be generated and the program will not jump to the relevant interrupt vector. The global interrupt
enable bit, if cleared to zero, will disable all interrupts.
When an interrupt is generated, the Program Counter, which stores the address of the next instruction
to be executed, will be transferred onto the stack. The Program Counter will then be loaded with a
new address which will be the value of the corresponding interrupt vector. The microcontroller will
then fetch its next instruction from this interrupt vector. The instruction at this vector will usually
be a JMP which will jump to another section of program which is known as the interrupt service
routine. Here is located the code to control the appropriate interrupt. The interrupt service routine
must be terminated with a RETI, which retrieves the original Program Counter address from the
stack and allows the microcontroller to continue with normal execution at the point where the
interrupt occurred.
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
The various interrupt enable bits, together with their associated request flags, are shown in the
accompanying diagrams with their order of priority. Some interrupt sources have their own
individual vector while others share the same multi-function interrupt vector. Once an interrupt
subroutine is serviced, all other interrupts will be blocked, as the global interrupt enable bit, EMI
bit will be cleared automatically. This will prevent any further interrupt nesting from occurring.
However, if other interrupt requests occur during this interval, although the interrupt will not be
immediately serviced, the request flag will still be recorded.
If an interrupt requires immediate servicing while the program is already in another interrupt service
routine, the EMI bit should be set after entering the routine to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack
is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until
the Stack Pointer is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must be prevented from
becoming full. In case of simultaneous requests, the accompanying diagram shows the priority that
is applied. All of the interrupt request flags when set will wake up the device if it is in SLEEP or
IDLE Mode, however to prevent a wake-up from occurring the corresponding flag should be set
before the device is in SLEEP or IDLE Mode.
xxF
Legend
Req�est Flag� a�to �eset in ISR
xxE
Enable Bits
EMI a�to disabled in ISR
Inte���pt Name
Req�est
Flags
Enable Bits
Maste�
Enable
Vector
P�io�it�
Compa�ato�
CPF
CPE
EMI
04H
High
Debo�nce
DEBF
DEBE
EMI
08H
Time Base 0
TB0F
TB0E
EMI
0CH
CTM P
CTMPF
CTMPE
EMI
10H
CTM A
CTMAF
CTMAE
EMI
14H
EEPROM
DEF
DEE
EMI
18H
Time Base 1
TB1F
TB1E
EMI
1CH
Low
Interrupt Structure
Comparator Interrupt
The Comparator Interrupt is controlled by the Comparator output transition. A Comparator Interrupt
request will take place when the Comparator Interrupt request flag, CPF, is set, which occurs when
the Comparator output changes state. To allow the program to branch to its respective interrupt
vector address, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI, and Comparator Interrupt enable bit, CPE, must
first be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the Comparator output transition
occurs, a subroutine call to the Comparator Interrupt vector will take place. When the interrupt is
serviced, the Comparator Interrupt flag, CPF, will be automatically cleared. The EMI bit will also be
automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Debounce Interrupt
The Debounce Interrupt is controlled by the Debounce circuit output transition. A Debounce
Interrupt request will take place when the Debounce Interrupt request flag, DEBF, is set, which
occurs when the Debounce circuit output changes state. To allow the program to branch to its
respective interrupt vector address, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI, and Comparator Interrupt
enable bit, DEBE, must first be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the
Debounce circuit output transition occurs, a subroutine call to the Debounce Interrupt vector will
take place. When the interrupt is serviced, the Debounce Interrupt flag, DEBF, will be automatically
cleared. The EMI bit will also be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
Time Base Interrupt
The function of the Time Base Interrupt is to provide regular time signal in the form of an internal
interrupt. It is controlled by the overflow signal from its internal timer. When this happens its
interrupt request flag, TBnF, will be set. To allow the program to branch to its respective interrupt
vector addresses, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI and Time Base enable bit, TBnE, must first be
set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the Time Base overflows, a subroutine call
to its respective vector location will take place. When the interrupt is serviced, the interrupt request
flag, TBnF, will be automatically reset and the EMI bit will be cleared to disable other interrupts.
The purpose of the Time Base Interrupt is to provide an interrupt signal at fixed time periods. Its
clock source, fTB, originates from the internal clock source fSYS/4 or fTBC and then passes through
a divider, the division ratio of which is selected by programming the appropriate bits in the TBC
register to obtain longer interrupt periods whose value ranges. The clock source which in turn
controls the Time Base interrupt period is selected using the TBCK bit in the TBC register.
1/�8~1/�1�
fSYS/4
fTBC
M
U
X
fTB
Time Base 0 Inte���pt
TB0[�:0]
1/�1�~1/�1�
TBCK
Time Base 1 Inte���pt
TB1[1:0]
Time Base Interrupts
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
TBC Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
TBON
TBCK
TB11
TB10
—
TB02
TB01
TB00
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
POR
0
0
1
1
—
1
1
1
Bit 7TBON: Time Base Function Enable Control
0: Disable
1: Enable
Bit 6TBCK: Time Base clock source fTB selection
0: fTBC
1: fSYS/4
Bit 5~4TB11~TB10: Time Base 1 time-out period selection
00: 212/fTB
01: 213/fTB
10: 214/fTB
11: 215/fTB
Bit 3
Uimplemented, read as “0”
Bit 2~0TB02~TB00: Time Base 0 time-out period selection
000: 28/fTB
001: 29/fTB
010: 210/fTB
011: 211/fTB
100: 212/fTB
101: 213/fTB
110: 214/fTB
111: 215/fTB
EEPROM Interrupt
The EEPROM Write Interrupt is controlled by the EEPROM Write operation completion. An
EEPROM Write Interrupt request will take place when the EEPROM Write Interrupt request flag,
DEF, is set, which occurs when an EEPROM Write cycle ends. To allow the program to branch to
its respective interrupt vector address, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI, and EEPROM Write
Interrupt enable bit, DEE, must first be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and an
EEPROM Write cycle ends, a subroutine call to the respective EEPROM Write Interrupt vector will
take place. When the EEPROM Write Interrupt is serviced, the Comparator Interrupt flag, DEF, will
be automatically cleared. The EMI bit will also be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
TM Interrupts
The Compact TMs have two interrupts, one comes from the comparator A match situation and the
other comes from the comparator P match situation. A TM interrupt request will take place when
any of the TM request flags are set, a situation which occurs when a TM comparator P or A match
situation happens.
To allow the program to branch to its respective interrupt vector address, the global interrupt enable
bit, EMI, and respective TM Interrupt enable bit, must first be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the
stack is not full and a TM comparator match situation occurs, a subroutine call to the relevant CTM
Interrupt vector locations, will take place. When the TM interrupt is serviced, the corresponding
CTM interrupt request flag will be automatically cleared. The EMI bit will also be automatically
cleared to disable other interrupts.
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Interrupt Wake-up Function
Each of the interrupt functions has the capability of waking up the microcontroller when in the
SLEEP or IDLE Mode. A wake-up is generated when an interrupt request flag changes from low
to high and is independent of whether the interrupt is enabled or not. Therefore, even though these
devices are in the SLEEP or IDLE Mode and its system oscillator stopped, situations such as
external edge transitions on the external interrupt pins, a low power supply voltage or comparator
input change may cause their respective interrupt flag to be set high and consequently generate
an interrupt. Care must therefore be taken if spurious wake-up situations are to be avoided. If an
interrupt wake-up function is to be disabled then the corresponding interrupt request flag should be
set high before the device enters the SLEEP or IDLE Mode. The interrupt enable bits have no effect
on the interrupt wake-up function.
Programming Considerations
By disabling the relevant interrupt enable bits, a requested interrupt can be prevented from being
serviced, however, once an interrupt request flag is set, it will remain in this condition in the
interrupt register until the corresponding interrupt is serviced or until the request flag is cleared by
the application program.
It is recommended that programs do not use the “CALL” instruction within the interrupt service
subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately.
If only one stack is left and the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be
damaged once a CALL subroutine is executed in the interrupt subroutine.
Every interrupt has the capability of waking up the microcontroller when it is in the SLEEP or IDLE
Mode, the wake up being generated when the interrupt request flag changes from low to high. If it is
required to prevent a certain interrupt from waking up the microcontroller then its respective request
flag should be first set high before enter SLEEP or IDLE Mode.
As only the Program Counter is pushed onto the stack, then when the interrupt is serviced, if the
contents of the accumulator, status register or other registers are altered by the interrupt service
program, their contents should be saved to the memory at the beginning of the interrupt service
routine.
To return from an interrupt subroutine, either a RET or RETI instruction may be executed. The RETI
instruction in addition to executing a return to the main program also automatically sets the EMI
bit high to allow further interrupts. The RET instruction however only executes a return to the main
program leaving the EMI bit in its present zero state and therefore disabling the execution of further
interrupts.
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HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Application Circuits
Sense Magnetic Sensor Module Signal by SEN Pin
VDD
VDD
PA0
PA7/RES
PA�
0.1µF
VSS
HT45F56
Magnet Senso�
S
PA�/SEN
N
PA1/AD1
PA6/AD�
0.1µF
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Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Instruction Set
Introduction
Central to the successful operation of any microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of
program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to perform certain operations. In the case
of Holtek microcontroller, a comprehensive and flexible set of over 60 instructions is provided to
enable programmers to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads.
For easier understanding of the various instruction codes, they have been subdivided into several
functional groupings.
Instruction Timing
Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch,
call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are required. One instruction cycle is
equal to 4 system clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system oscillator, most instructions
would be implemented within 0.5μs and branch or call instructions would be implemented within
1μs. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited to
the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other
instructions which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low register or PCL will also take
one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the PCL will imply a
direct jump to that new address, one more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions
would be "CLR PCL" or "MOV PCL, A". For the case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if
the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then this will also take one more cycle, if no
skip is involved then only one cycle is required.
Moving and Transferring Data
The transfer of data within the microcontroller program is one of the most frequently used
operations. Making use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be transferred from registers to
the Accumulator and vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into
the Accumulator. One of the most important data transfer applications is to receive data from the
input ports and transfer data to the output ports.
Arithmetic Operations
The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and data manipulation is a necessary feature of
most microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set are a range of
add and subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary arithmetic to be carried out. Care
must be taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for
addition and less than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions INC, INCA, DEC
and DECA provide a simple means of increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values in the
destination specified.
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Logical and Rotate Operation
The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR and CPL all have their own instruction
within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most instructions involving
data manipulation, data must pass through the Accumulator which may involve additional
programming steps. In all logical data operations, the zero flag may be set if the result of the
operation is zero. Another form of logical data manipulation comes from the rotate instructions such
as RR, RL, RRC and RLC which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or left. Different
rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for serial
port programming applications where data can be rotated from an internal register into the Carry
bit from where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit set high or low. Another application
which rotate data operations are used is to implement multiplication and division calculations.
Branches and Control Transfer
Program branching takes the form of either jumps to specified locations using the JMP instruction
or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the sense that in the case of a
subroutine call, the program must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has
been carried out. This is done by placing a return instruction "RET" in the subroutine which will
cause the program to jump back to the address right after the CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP
instruction, the program simply jumps to the desired location. There is no requirement to jump back
to the original jumping off point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special and extremely
useful set of branch instructions are the conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding
the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the
program will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and jump to the following instruction.
These instructions are the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps
determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits.
Bit Operations
The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all
Holtek microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for output port bit programming where
individual bits or port pins can be directly set high or low using either the "SET [m].i" or "CLR [m].
i" instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the 8-bit
output port, manipulate the input data to ensure that other bits are not changed and then output the
port with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when
these bit operation instructions are used.
Table Read Operations
Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large
amounts of fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in
the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an area of Program
Memory to be set as a table where data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions
provides the means by which this fixed data can be referenced and retrieved from the Program
Memory.
Other Operations
In addition to the above functional instructions, a range of other instructions also exist such as
the "HALT" instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to control the operation of
the Watchdog Timer for reliable program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic
environments. For their relevant operations, refer to the functional related sections.
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Instruction Set Summary
The following table depicts a summary of the instruction set categorised according to function and
can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions.
Table Conventions
x: Bits immediate data
m: Data Memory address
A: Accumulator
i: 0~7 number of bits
addr: Program memory address
Mnemonic
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
Add Data Memory to ACC
Add ACC to Data Memory
Add immediate data to ACC
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Add ACC to Data memory with Carry
Subtract immediate data from the ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory
Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1Note
1Note
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
C
1
1
1
1Note
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment Data Memory
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Decrement Data Memory
1
1Note
1
1Note
Z
Z
Z
Z
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
None
None
C
C
None
None
C
C
Arithmetic
ADD A,[m]
ADDM A,[m]
ADD A,x
ADC A,[m]
ADCM A,[m]
SUB A,x
SUB A,[m]
SUBM A,[m]
SBC A,[m]
SBCM A,[m]
DAA [m]
Logic Operation
AND A,[m]
OR A,[m]
XOR A,[m]
ANDM A,[m]
ORM A,[m]
XORM A,[m]
AND A,x
OR A,x
XOR A,x
CPL [m]
CPLA [m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Logical AND immediate Data to ACC
Logical OR immediate Data to ACC
Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC
Complement Data Memory
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment & Decrement
INCA [m]
INC [m]
DECA [m]
DEC [m]
Rotate
RRA [m]
RR [m]
RRCA [m]
RRC [m]
RLA [m]
RL [m]
RLCA [m]
RLC [m]
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Mnemonic
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
Move Data Memory to ACC
Move ACC to Data Memory
Move immediate data to ACC
1
1Note
1
None
None
None
Clear bit of Data Memory
Set bit of Data Memory
1Note
1Note
None
None
Jump unconditionally
Skip if Data Memory is zero
Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Return from interrupt
2
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
2
2
2
2
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Read table (specific page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
2Note
2Note
2Note
None
None
None
No operation
Clear Data Memory
Set Data Memory
Clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Enter power down mode
1
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
1
None
None
None
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
None
None
TO, PDF
Data Move
MOV A,[m]
MOV [m],A
MOV A,x
Bit Operation
CLR [m].i
SET [m].i
Branch Operation
JMP addr
SZ [m]
SZA [m]
SZ [m].i
SNZ [m].i
SIZ [m]
SDZ [m]
SIZA [m]
SDZA [m]
CALL addr
RET
RET A,x
RETI
Table Read Operation
TABRD [m]
TABRDC [m]
TABRDL [m]
Miscellaneous
NOP
CLR [m]
SET [m]
CLR WDT
CLR WDT1
CLR WDT2
SWAP [m]
SWAPA [m]
HALT
Note: 1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required, if no
skip takes place only one cycle is required.
2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution.
3. For the “CLR WDT1” and “CLR WDT2” instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by the
execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both “CLR WDT1” and “CLR WDT2”
instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged.
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Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added.
The result is stored in the Accumulator.
ACC ← ACC + [m] + C
OV, Z, AC, C
ADCM A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory.
[m] ← ACC + [m] + C
OV, Z, AC, C
Add Data Memory to ACC
ADD A,[m]
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added.
The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
Affected flag(s)
ACC ← ACC + [m]
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,x
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Add immediate data to ACC
The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
ACC ← ACC + x
OV, Z, AC, C
ADDM A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Add ACC to Data Memory
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory.
[m] ← ACC + [m]
OV, Z, AC, C
AND A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
ACC ← ACC ″AND″ [m]
Z
AND A,x
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical AND immediate data to ACC
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bit wise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
ACC ← ACC ″AND″ x
Z
ANDM A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND
operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
[m] ← ACC ″AND″ [m]
Z
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CALL addr
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Subroutine call
Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then
increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the
stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this
new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction.
Stack ← Program Counter + 1
Program Counter ← addr
None
CLR [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Clear Data Memory
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
[m] ← 00H
None
CLR [m].i
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Clear bit of Data Memory
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
[m].i ← 0
None
CLR WDT
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Clear Watchdog Timer
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared.
WDT cleared
TO ← 0
PDF ← 0
TO, PDF
CLR WDT1
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in
conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have
effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will
have no effect.
WDT cleared
TO ← 0
PDF ← 0
TO, PDF
CLR WDT2
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction
with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect.
Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no
effect.
WDT cleared
TO ← 0
PDF ← 0
TO, PDF
CPL [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Complement Data Memory
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1′s complement). Bits which
previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa.
[m] ← [m]
Z
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CPLA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1′s complement). Bits which
previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result is stored in
the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
ACC ← [m]
Z
DAA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory
Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) value
resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9
or if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble
remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of 6
will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding
00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C flag
may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is greater than
100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition.
[m] ← ACC + 00H or
[m] ← ACC + 06H or [m] ← ACC + 60H or
[m] ← ACC + 66H
C
DEC [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Decrement Data Memory
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1.
[m] ← [m] − 1
Z
DECA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the
Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
ACC ← [m] − 1
Z
HALT
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Enter power down mode
This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power
down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared.
TO ← 0
PDF ← 1
TO, PDF
INC [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Increment Data Memory
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1.
[m] ← [m] + 1
Z
INCA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
ACC ← [m] + 1
Z
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JMP addr
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Jump unconditionally
The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program
execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy
instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction.
Program Counter ← addr
None
MOV A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Move Data Memory to ACC
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator.
ACC ← [m]
None
MOV A,x
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Move immediate data to ACC
The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator.
ACC ← x
None
MOV [m],A
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Move ACC to Data Memory
The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory.
[m] ← ACC
None
NOP
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
No operation
No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.
No operation
None
OR A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise
logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
ACC ← ACC ″OR″ [m]
Z
OR A,x
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical OR immediate data to ACC
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
ACC ← ACC ″OR″ x
Z
ORM A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
[m] ← ACC ″OR″ [m]
Z
RET
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Return from subroutine
The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored
address.
Program Counter ← Stack
None
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RET A,x
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Program Counter ← Stack
ACC ← x
None
RETI
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Return from interrupt
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the
EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program.
Program Counter ← Stack
EMI ← 1
None
RL [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Rotate Data Memory left
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0.
[m].(i+1) ← [m].i; (i=0~6)
[m].0 ← [m].7
None
RLA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0.
The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain
unchanged.
ACC.(i+1) ← [m].i; (i=0~6)
ACC.0 ← [m].7
None
RLC [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0.
[m].(i+1) ← [m].i; (i=0~6)
[m].0 ← C
C ← [m].7
C
RLCA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the
Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the
Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
ACC.(i+1) ← [m].i; (i=0~6)
ACC.0 ← C
C ← [m].7
C
RR [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Rotate Data Memory right
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7.
[m].i ← [m].(i+1); (i=0~6)
[m].7 ← [m].0
None
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RRA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0
rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the
Data Memory remain unchanged.
ACC.i ← [m].(i+1); (i=0~6)
ACC.7 ← [m].0
None
RRC [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7.
[m].i ← [m].(i+1); (i=0~6)
[m].7 ← C
C ← [m].0
C
RRCA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
ACC.i ← [m].(i+1); (i=0~6)
ACC.7 ← C
C ← [m].0
C
SBC A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are
subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is
positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
ACC ← ACC − [m] − C
OV, Z, AC, C
SBCM A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
[m] ← ACC − [m] − C
OV, Z, AC, C
SDZ [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
[m] ← [m] − 1
Skip if [m]=0
None
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SDZA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy
instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0,
the program proceeds with the following instruction.
ACC ← [m] − 1
Skip if ACC=0
None
SET [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Set Data Memory
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
[m] ← FFH
None
SET [m].i
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Set bit of Data Memory
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
[m].i ← 1
None
SIZ [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Skip if increment Data Memory is 0
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
[m] ← [m] + 1
Skip if [m]=0
None
SIZA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy
instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
ACC ← [m] + 1
Skip if ACC=0
None
SNZ [m].i
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this
requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Skip if [m].i ≠ 0
None
SUB A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
ACC ← ACC − [m]
OV, Z, AC, C
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SUBM A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
[m] ← ACC − [m]
OV, Z, AC, C
SUB A,x
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Subtract immediate data from ACC
The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
ACC ← ACC − x
OV, Z, AC, C
SWAP [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.
[m].3~[m].0 ↔ [m].7~[m].4
None
SWAPA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
ACC.3~ACC.0 ← [m].7~[m].4
ACC.7~ACC.4 ← [m].3~[m].0
None
SZ [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Skip if Data Memory is 0
If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Skip if [m]=0
None
SZA [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
ACC ← [m]
Skip if [m]=0
None
SZ [m].i
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires
the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle
instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Skip if [m].i=0
None
Rev. 1.00
86
January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
TABRD [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Read table (specific page) to TBLH and Data Memory
The low byte of the program code (specific page) addressed by the table pointer pair (TBHP and TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
[m] ← program code (low byte)
TBLH ← program code (high byte)
None
TABRDC [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
[m] ← program code (low byte)
TBLH ← program code (high byte)
None
TABRDL [m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
[m] ← program code (low byte)
TBLH ← program code (high byte)
None
XOR A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
ACC ← ACC ″XOR″ [m]
Z
XORM A,[m]
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
[m] ← ACC ″XOR″ [m]
Z
XOR A,x
Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
Logical XOR immediate data to ACC
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
ACC ← ACC ″XOR″ x
Z
Rev. 1.00
87
January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Package Information
Note that the package information provided here is for consultation purposes only. As this
information may be updated at regular intervals users are reminded to consult the Holtek website for
the latest version of the package information.
Additional supplementary information with regard to packaging is listed below. Click on the relevant
section to be transferred to the relevant website page.
• Further Package Information (include Outline Dimensions, Product Tape and Reel Specifications)
• Packing Meterials Information
• Carton information
Rev. 1.00
88
January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
8-pin SOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
Symbol
Dimensions in inch
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
—
0.236 BSC
—
B
—
0.154 BSC
—
0.020
C
0.012
—
C’
—
0.193 BSC
—
D
—
—
0.069
E
—
0.050 BSC
—
F
0.004
—
0.010
G
0.016
—
0.050
H
0.004
—
0.010
α
0°
—
8°
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.00
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
—
6 BSC
—
B
—
3.9 BSC
—
C
0.31
—
0.51
C’
—
4.9 BSC
—
D
—
—
1.75
E
—
1.27 BSC
—
F
0.10
—
0.25
G
0.40
—
1.27
H
0.10
—
0.25
α
0°
—
8°
89
January 21, 2015
HT45F56
Shock Detector 8-bit Flash MCU
Copyright© 2015 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time
of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of
the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely
for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that
such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends
the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to
malfunction or otherwise. Holtek's products are not authorized for use as critical
components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter
its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please
visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Rev. 1.00
90
January 21, 2015