Data Sheet

HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Cost-Effective A/D Type 8-Bit MCU
Technical Document
· Tools Information
· FAQs
· Application Note
- HA0003E Communicating between the HT48 & HT46 Series MCUs and the HT93LC46 EEPROM
- HA0049E Read and Write Control of the HT1380
- HA0051E Li Battery Charger Demo Board - Using the HT46R47
- HA0052E Microcontroller Application - Battery Charger
- HA0075E MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note
- HA0083E Li Battery Charger Demo Board - Using the HT46R46
Features
· Operating voltage:
· Up to 0.5ms instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock
fSYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V
fSYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V
at VDD=5V
· 4 or 6-level subroutine nesting
· 13 to 23 bidirectional I/O lines
· 4 channels 8 or 9-bit resolution A/D converter
· External interrupt input shared with an I/O line
· 1 or 2 channel 8-bit PWM output shared with I/O lines
· 8-bit programmable Timer/Event Counter with over-
· Bit manipulation instruction
flow interrupt and 7-stage prescaler
· Table read instructions
· On-chip crystal and RC oscillator
· 63 powerful instructions
· Watchdog Timer function
· All instructions executed in one or two machine
· PFD for audio frequency generation
cycles
· Power down and wake-up functions to reduce power
· Low voltage reset function
consumption
· Range of packaging types
General Description
The benefits of integrated A/D and PWM functions, in
addition to low power consumption, high performance,
I/O flexibility and low-cost, provide these devices with
the versatility to suit a wide range of application possibilities such as sensor signal processing, motor driving, industrial control, consumer products, subsystem
controllers, etc. Many features are common to all devices, however, they differ in areas such as I/O pin
count, Program Memory capacity, A/D resolution, stack
capacity and package types.
The Cost-Effective A/D Type MCU Devices are a series
of 8-bit high performance RISC architecture
microcontrollers, designed especially for applications
that interface directly to analog signals, such as those
from sensors. All devices include an integrated
multi-channel Analog to Digital Converter in addition to
one or two Pulse Width Modulation outputs. The usual
Holtek MCU features such as power down and wake-up
functions, oscillator options, programmable frequency
divider, etc. combine to ensure user applications require
a minimum of external components.
Rev. 1.41
1
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Device Types
Devices which have the letter ²R² within their part number, indicate that they are OTP devices offering the advantages
of easy and effective program updates, using the Holtek range of development and programming tools. These devices
provide the designer with the means for fast and low-cost product development cycles. Devices which have the letter
²C² within their part number indicate that they are mask version devices. These devices offer a complementary device
for applications that are at a mature state in their design process and have high volume and low cost demands.
Fully pin and functionally compatible with their OTP sister devices, the mask version devices provide the ideal substitute for products which have gone beyond their development cycle and are facing cost-down demands.
In this datasheet, for convenience, when describing device functions, only the OTP types are mentioned by name,
however the same described functions also apply to the Mask type devices.
Selection Table
Most features are common to all devices, the main feature distinguishing them are Program Memory capacity, I/O
count, A/D resolution, stack capacity and package types. The following table summarises the main features of each device.
Program
Data
I/O
Memory Memory
Timer
Int.
64´8
13
8-bit´1
3
2K´14
64´8
13
8-bit´1
HT46R48A 2.2V~
HT46C48A 5.5V
2K´14
88´8
19
2.2V~
5.5V
4K´15
128´8
23
Part No.
VDD
HT46R46
HT46C46
2.2V~
5.5V
1K´14
HT46R47
HT46C47
2.2V~
5.5V
HT46R49
Note:
A/D
PWM
Stack
Package Types
8-bit´4 8-bit´1
4
16NSOP, 18DIP/SOP,
20SSOP
3
9-bit´4 8-bit´1
6
16NSOP, 18DIP/SOP,
20SSOP
8-bit´1
3
9-bit´4 8-bit´1
6
20DIP/SOP,
24SKDIP/SOP/SSOP
8-bit´1
3
9-bit´4 8-bit´2
6
20DIP/SOP,
24/28SKDIP/SOP
Part numbers including ²C² are mask version devices, ²R² are OTP devices.
For devices that exist in two package formats, the table reflects the situation for the larger package.
Block Diagram
T im in g
G e n e ra to r
D a ta
M e m o ry
A d d re s s D e c o d e r
W D T
O s c illa to r
M
In s tr u c tio n
D e c o d e r
U
In s tr u c tio n
R e g is te r
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
Note:
R e s e t &
L V R
S ta c k
S ta c k P o in te r
A C C
M U X
X
M e m o ry
P o in te r
L o o k -u p
T a b le
R e g is te r
A L U
S h ifte r
A /D
C o n v e rte r
P ro g ra m
C o u n te r
A d d re s s D e c o d e r
S y s te m R C /
X 't a l O s c illa t o r
C o n fig .
R e g is te r
P W M
C o n fig .
R e g is te r
T im e r /
C o u n te r
P F D
C o n fig .
R e g is te r
L o o k -u p
T a b le
P o in te r
In te rru p t
C ir c u it
T o P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
C o n fig u r a tio n
O p tio n
C o n fig .
I/O
R e g is te r P o r ts
D e v ic e
P r o g r a m m in g
C ir c u itr y
This block diagram represents the OTP devices, for the mask devices there is no Device Programming
Circuitry.
Rev. 1.41
2
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Pin Assignment
P A 3 /P F D
1
1 8
P A 4 /T M R
P A 3 /P F D
1
2 0
P A 4 /T M R
P A 2
2
1 9
P A 5 /IN T
P B 4
1
2 0
P B 5
P A 3 /P F D
2
1 9
P A 4 /T M R
P A 3 /P F D
1
1 6
P A 4 /T M R
P A 2
2
1 7
P A 5 /IN T
P A 1
3
1 8
P A 6
P A 2
3
1 8
P A 5 /IN T
P A 2
2
1 5
P A 5 /IN T
P A 1
3
1 6
P A 6
P A 0
4
1 7
P A 7
P A 1
4
1 7
P A 6
P A 0
P B 3 /A N 3
4
1 5
5
1 6
O S C 2
P A 0
5
1 6
P A 7
1 4
P A 7
O S C 2
P B 3 /A N 3
5
N C
6
1 5
O S C 1
P B 3 /A N 3
6
1 5
O S C 2
P A 1
3
1 4
P A 6
P A 0
P B 1 /A N 1
4
1 3
5
1 2
P A 7
O S C 2
P B 0 /A N 0
V S S
6
1 1
O S C 1
7
1 0
8
9
P D 0 /P W M
P B 2 /A N 2
6
1 3
O S C 1
P B 2 /A N 2
7
1 4
V D D
P B 2 /A N 2
7
1 4
O S C 1
7
1 2
V D D
P B 1 /A N 1
8
1 3
R E S
P B 1 /A N 1
8
1 3
V D D
V D D
P B 1 /A N 1
P B 0 /A N 0
8
1 1
R E S
P B 0 /A N 0
9
1 2
P D 0 /P W M
P B 0 /A N 0
9
1 2
R E S
R E S
V S S
9
1 0
P D 0 /P W M
1 0
1 1
N C
1 0
1 1
P D 0 /P W M
H T 4 6 R 4 6 /H T 4 6 C 4 6
H T 4 6 R 4 7 /H T 4 6 C 4 7
1 6 N S O P -A
V S S
H T 4 6 R 4 6 /H T 4 6 C 4 6
H T 4 6 R 4 7 /H T 4 6 C 4 7
1 8 D IP -A /S O P -A
H T 4 6 R 4 6 /H T 4 6 C 4 6
H T 4 6 R 4 7 /H T 4 6 C 4 7
2 0 S S O P -A
V S S
H T 4 6 R 4 8 A /H T 4 6 C 4 8 A
2 0 D IP -A /S O P -A
P B 5
1
2 8
P B 6
P B 4
2
2 7
P B 7
P B 5
1
2 4
P B 6
P B 5
1
2 4
P B 6
P A 3 /P F D
3
2 6
P A 4 /T M R
P B 4
2
2 3
P B 7
P B 4
2
P B 7
P A 2
4
2 5
P A 5 /IN T
P A 3 /P F D
3
2 2
P A 4 /T M R
P A 3 /P F D
1
2 0
P A 4 /T M R
2 3
P A 3 /P F D
3
P A 4 /T M R
P A 1
5
2 4
P A 6
4
2 1
P A 5 /IN T
P A 2
2
1 9
P A 5 /IN T
2 2
P A 2
P A 2
4
P A 5 /IN T
P A 0
6
2 3
P A 7
P A 1
5
2 0
P A 6
P A 1
3
1 8
P A 6
2 1
P A 1
5
P A 6
P B 3 /A N 3
7
2 2
O S C 2
P A 0
6
1 9
P A 7
P A 0
4
1 7
P A 7
2 0
P A 0
6
P A 7
P B 2 /A N 2
8
2 1
O S C 1
P B 3 /A N 3
7
1 8
O S C 2
P B 3 /A N 3
5
1 6
O S C 2
1 9
P B 3 /A N 3
7
1 8
O S C 2
P B 1 /A N 1
9
2 0
V D D
P B 2 /A N 2
8
1 7
O S C 1
P B 2 /A N 2
6
1 5
O S C 1
P B 2 /A N 2
8
1 7
O S C 1
P B 0 /A N 0
1 0
1 9
R E S
P B 1 /A N 1
9
1 6
V D D
P B 1 /A N 1
7
1 4
V D D
P B 1 /A N 1
9
1 6
V D D
V S S
1 1
1 8
P D 1 /P W M 1
P B 0 /A N 0
1 0
1 5
R E S
P B 0 /A N 0
8
1 3
R E S
P B 0 /A N 0
1 0
1 5
R E S
P C 0
1 2
1 7
P D 0 /P W M 0
V S S
1 1
1 4
P D 0 /P W M
V S S
9
1 2
P D 1 /P W M 1
V S S
1 1
1 4
P D 1 /P W M 1
P C 1
1 3
1 6
P C 4
P C 0
1 2
1 3
P C 1
P C 0
1 0
1 1
P D 0 /P W M 0
P C 0
1 2
1 3
P D 0 /P W M 0
P C 2
1 4
1 5
P C 3
H T 4 6 R 4 9
2 0 D IP -A /S O P -A
H T 4 6 R 4 8 A /H T 4 6 C 4 8 A
2 4 S K D IP -A /S O P -A /S S O P -A
H T 4 6 R 4 9
2 4 S K D IP -B /S O P -B
H T 4 6 R 4 9
2 8 S K D IP -A /S O P -A
Pin Description
HT46R46, HT46R47
Pin Name I/O
PA0~PA2
PA3/PFD
PA4/TMR
PA5/INT
PA6~PA7
PB0/AN0
PB1/AN1
PB2/AN2
PB3/AN3
I/O
I/O
PD0/PWM I/O
Configuration
Option
Description
Pull-high
Wake-up
PA3 or PFD
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each individual pin on this port can be configured as a wake-up input by a configuration option. Software instructions determine
if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. Pins PA3, PA4 and PA5 are
pin-shared with PFD, TMR and INT, respectively.
Pull-high
Bidirectional 4-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins
on the port have pull-high resistors. PB is pin-shared with the A/D input pins. The
A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D input,
the I/O function and pull-high resistor options are disabled automatically.
Bidirectional 1-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
Pull-high
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input.
PD0 or PWM A configuration option determines if this pin has a pull-high resistor. The PWM output is pin-shared with pin PD0 selected via a configuration option.
OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal, determined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. If the RC system clock option is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to measure the system clock at 1/4 frequency.
OSC1
OSC2
I
O
Crystal
or RC
RES
I
¾
Schmitt Trigger reset input. Active low.
VDD
¾
¾
Positive power supply
VSS
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
Note:
1. Each pin on PA can be programmed through a configuration option to have a wake-up function.
2. Individual pins can be selected to have a pull-high resistor.
3. Pins PB2/AN2~PB3/AN3 exist but are not bonded out on the 16-pin package.
4. unbonded pins should be setup as outputs or as inputs with pull-high resistors to conserve power.
Rev. 1.41
3
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
HT46R48A
Pin Name I/O
PA0~PA2
PA3/PFD
PA4/TMR
PA5/INT
PA6~PA7
I/O
Configuration
Option
Description
Pull-high
Wake-up
PA3 or PFD
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each individual pin on this port can be configured as a wake-up input by a configuration option. Software instructions determine
if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. Pins PA3, PA4 and PA5 are
pin-shared with PFD, TMR and INT, respectively.
PB0/AN0
PB1/AN1
PB2/AN2
PB3/AN3
PB4~PB7
I/O
Pull-high
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins
on the port have pull-high resistors. PB is pin-shared with the A/D input pins. The
A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D input,
the I/O function and pull-high resistor options are disabled automatically.
PC0~PC1
I/O
Pull-high
Bidirectional 2-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which pins
on the port have pull-high resistors.
Pull-high
I/O or PWM
Bidirectional 1-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration option determines if this pin
has a pull-high resistor. The PWM output is pin-shared with pin PD0 selected via a
configuration option.
PD0/PWM I/O
OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal, determined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. If the RC system clock
Crystal or RC
option is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to measure the system clock at 1/4 frequency.
OSC1
OSC2
I
O
RES
I
¾
Schmitt Trigger reset input. Active low.
VDD
¾
¾
Positive power supply
VSS
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
Note:
1. Each pin on PA can be programmed through a configuration option to have a wake-up function.
2. Individual pins can be selected to have a pull-high resistor.
3. Pins PB4~PB7 exist but are not bonded out on the 20-pin package.
4. Unbonded pins should be setup as outputs or as inputs with pull-high resistors to conserve power.
Rev. 1.41
4
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
HT46R49
Pin Name
PA0~PA2
PA3/PFD
PA4/TMR
PA5/INT
PA6~PA7
I/O
Configuration
Option
Description
I/O
Pull-high
Wake-up
PA3 or PFD
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each individual pin on this port can be configured as a wake-up input by a configuration option. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options
determine which pins on the port have pull-high resistors. Pins PA3, PA4 and PA5
are pin-shared with PFD, TMR and INT, respectively.
PB0/AN0
PB1/AN1
PB2/AN2
PB3/AN3
PB4~PB7
I/O
Pull-high
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which
pins on the port have pull-high resistors. PB is pin-shared with the A/D input pins.
The A/D inputs are selected via software instructions. Once selected as an A/D input, the I/O function and pull-high resistor options are disabled automatically.
PC0~PC4
I/O
Pull-high
Bidirectional 5-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine which
pins on the port have pull-high resistors.
Pull-high
I/O or PWM
Bidirectional 2-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration option determines if this pin
has a pull-high resistor. The PWM output are pin-shared with pins PD0 and PD1
selected via a configuration option.
PD0/PWM0
I/O
PD1/PWM1
OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal, determined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. If the RC system
Crystal or RC
clock option is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to measure the system clock at
1/4 frequency.
OSC1
OSC2
I
O
RES
I
¾
Schmitt Trigger reset input. Active low.
VDD
¾
¾
Positive power supply
VSS
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
Note:
1. Each pin on PA can be programmed through a configuration option to have a wake-up function.
2. Individual pins can be selected to have a pull-high resistor.
3. Pins PC1~PC4 exist but are not bonded out on the 20-pin and 24-pin package.
Pins PB4~PB7 exist but are not bonded out on the 20-pin package.
4. Unbonded pins should be setup as outputs or as inputs with pull-high resistors to conserve power.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V
Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C
Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
IOL Total ..............................................................150mA
Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW
Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C
IOH Total............................................................-100mA
Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may
cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed
in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability.
Rev. 1.41
5
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
D.C. Characteristics
Symbol
VDD
IDD1
IDD2
Parameter
Operating Voltage
Operating Current
(Crystal OSC)
Operating Current
(RC OSC)
IDD3
Operating Current
(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)
ISTB1
Standby Current
(WDT Enabled)
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Conditions
VDD
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
¾
fSYS=4MHz
2.2
¾
5.5
V
¾
fSYS=8MHz
3.3
¾
5.5
V
3V
No load, fSYS=4MHz
ADC disable
¾
0.6
1.5
mA
¾
2
4
mA
¾
0.8
1.5
mA
¾
2.5
4
mA
¾
4
8
mA
¾
¾
5
mA
¾
¾
10
mA
¾
¾
1
mA
¾
¾
2
mA
5V
3V
5V
5V
3V
5V
3V
No load, fSYS=4MHz
ADC disable
No load, fSYS=8MHz
ADC disable
No load,
system HALT
No load,
system HALT
Standby Current
(WDT Disabled)
5V
VIL1
Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports,
TMR and INT
¾
¾
0
¾
0.3VDD
V
VIH1
Input High Voltage for I/O Ports,
TMR and INT
¾
¾
0.7VDD
¾
VDD
V
VIL2
Input Low Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0
¾
0.4VDD
V
VIH2
Input High Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0.9VDD
¾
VDD
V
VLVR
Low Voltage Reset
¾
¾
2.7
3.0
3.3
V
IOL
3V
VOL=0.1VDD
4
8
¾
mA
I/O Port Sink Current
5V
VOL=0.1VDD
10
20
¾
mA
3V
VOH=0.9VDD
-2
-4
¾
mA
5V
VOH=0.9VDD
-5
-10
¾
mA
ISTB2
IOH
RPH
I/O Port Source Current
3V
¾
20
60
100
kW
5V
¾
10
30
50
kW
Pull-high Resistance
VAD
A/D Input Voltage
¾
¾
0
¾
VDD
V
EAD
A/D Conversion Error
¾
¾
¾
±0.5
±1
LSB
IADC
Additional Power Consumption
if A/D Converter is Used
3V
¾
0.5
1
mA
¾
1.5
3
mA
Rev. 1.41
¾
5V
6
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
A.C. Characteristics
Symbol
fSYS
fTIMER
tWDTOSC
Parameter
System Clock
Timer I/P Frequency
(TMR)
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Conditions
VDD
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
¾
2.2V~5.5V
400
¾
4000
kHz
¾
3.3V~5.5V
400
¾
8000
kHz
¾
2.2V~5.5V
0
¾
4000
kHz
¾
3.3V~5.5V
0
¾
8000
kHz
3V
¾
45
90
180
ms
5V
¾
32
65
130
ms
Watchdog Oscillator Period
tWDT1
Watchdog Time-out Period
(RC)
¾
¾
215
¾
216
tWDTOSC
tWDT2
Watchdog Time-out Period
(System Clock)
¾
¾
217
¾
218
tSYS
tRES
External Reset Low Pulse Width
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
tSST
System Start-up Timer Period
¾
Wake-up from HALT
¾
1024
¾
*tSYS
tLVR
Low Voltage Reset Time
¾
¾
0.25
1
2
ms
tINT
Interrupt Pulse Width
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
tAD1
A/D Clock Period HT46R46
¾
¾
0.5
¾
¾
ms
tAD2
A/D Clock Period HT46R47/HT46R48A/HT46R49
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
tADC1
A/D Conversion Time HT46R46
¾
¾
¾
64
¾
tAD1
tADC2
A/D Conversion Time HT46R47/HT46R48A/HT46R49
¾
¾
¾
76
¾
tAD2
tADCS1
A/D Sampling Time HT46R46
¾
¾
¾
32
¾
tAD1
tADCS2
A/D Sampling Time HT46R47/HT46R48A/HT46R49
¾
¾
¾
32
¾
tAD2
Note: *tSYS=1/fSYS
Rev. 1.41
7
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
System Architecture
Clocking and Pipelining
A key factor in the high-performance features of the
H o l t e k r a n g e o f C o s t - E ff e c t i v e A / D Ty p e
microcontrollers is attributed to the internal system architecture. The range of devices take advantage of the
usual features found within RISC microcontrollers providing increased speed of operation and enhanced performance. The pipelining scheme is implemented in
such a way that instruction fetching and instruction execution are overlapped, hence instructions are effectively
executed in one cycle, with the exception of branch or
call instructions. An 8-bit wide ALU is used in practically
all operations of the instruction set. It carries out arithmetic operations, logic operations, rotation, increment,
decrement, branch decisions, etc. The internal data
path is simplified by moving data through the Accumulator and the ALU. Certain internal registers are implemented in the Data Memory and can be directly or
indirectly addressed. The simple addressing methods of
these registers along with additional architectural features ensure that a minimum of external components is
required to provide a functional I/O and A/D control system with maximum reliability and flexibility. This makes
these devices suitable for low-cost, high-volume production for controller applications requiring from 1K up
to 4K words of Program Memory and 64 to 128 bytes of
Data Memory storage.
The main system clock, derived from either a Crystal/Resonator or RC oscillator is subdivided into four internally generated non-overlapping clocks, T1~T4. The
Program Counter is incremented at the beginning of the
T1 clock during which time a new instruction is fetched.
The remaining T2~T4 clocks carry out the decoding and
execution functions. In this way, one T1~T4 clock cycle
forms one instruction cycle. Although the fetching and
execution of instructions takes place in consecutive instruction cycles, the pipelining structure of the
microcontroller ensures that instructions are effectively
executed in one instruction cycle. The exception to this
are instructions where the contents of the Program
Counter are changed, such as subroutine calls or
jumps, in which case the instruction will take one more
instruction cycle to execute.
When the RC oscillator is used, OSC2 is freed for use as
a T1 phase clock synchronizing pin. This T1 phase clock
has a frequency of fSYS/4 with a 1:3 high/low duty cycle.
For instructions involving branches, such as jump or call
instructions, two machine cycles are required to complete instruction execution. An extra cycle is required as
the program takes one cycle to first obtain the actual
jump or call address and then another cycle to actually
execute the branch. The requirement for this extra cycle
should be taken into account by programmers in timing
sensitive applications
O s c illa to r C lo c k
( S y s te m C lo c k )
P h a s e C lo c k T 1
P h a s e C lo c k T 2
P h a s e C lo c k T 3
P h a s e C lo c k T 4
P ro g ra m
C o u n te r
P ip e lin in g
P C
P C + 1
F e tc h In s t. (P C )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C -1 )
P C + 2
F e tc h In s t. (P C + 1 )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C )
F e tc h In s t. (P C + 2 )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C + 1 )
System Clocking and Pipelining
1
M O V A ,[1 2 H ]
2
C A L L D E L A Y
3
C P L [1 2 H ]
:
5
:
D E L A Y :
E x e c u te In s t. 1
F e tc h In s t. 2
E x e c u te In s t. 2
F e tc h In s t. 3
F lu s h P ip e lin e
F e tc h In s t. 6
4
6
F e tc h In s t. 1
E x e c u te In s t. 6
F e tc h In s t. 7
N O P
Instruction Fetching
Rev. 1.41
8
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Program Counter
met, the next instruction, which has already been
fetched during the present instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle takes its place while the correct instruction is obtained.
During program execution, the Program Counter is used
to keep track of the address of the next instruction to be
executed. It is automatically incremented by one each
time an instruction is executed except for instructions,
such as ²JMP² or ²CALL² that demand a jump to a
non-consecutive Program Memory address. For the
Cost-Effective A/D Type series of microcontrollers, note
that the Program Counter width varies with the Program
Memory capacity depending upon which device is selected. However, it must be noted that only the lower 8
bits, known as the Program Counter Low Register, are
directly addressable by user.
The lower byte of the Program Counter, known as the
Program Counter Low register or PCL, is available for
program control and is a readable and writable register.
By transferring data directly into this register, a short
program jump can be executed directly, however, as
only this low byte is available for manipulation, the
jumps are limited to the present page of memory, that is
256 locations. When such program jumps are executed
it should also be noted that a dummy cycle will be inserted.
When executing instructions requiring jumps to
non-consecutive addresses such as a jump instruction,
a subroutine call, interrupt or reset, etc., the
microcontroller manages program control by loading the
required address into the Program Counter. For conditional skip instructions, once the condition has been
The lower byte of the Program Counter is fully accessible under program control. Manipulating the PCL might
cause program branching, so an extra cycle is needed
to pre-fetch. Further information on the PCL register can
be found in the Special Function Register section.
Program Counter Bits
Mode
b11
b10
b9
b8
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
Initial Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
External Interrupt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Timer/Event
Overflow
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
Counter
A/D Converter Interrupt
Skip
Program Counter + 2
Loading PCL
PC11 PC10
PC9
PC8
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
Jump, Call Branch
#11
#10
#9
#8
#7
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
#1
#0
Return from Subroutine
S11
S10
S9
S8
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
Program Counter
Note:
PC11~PC8: Current Program Counter bits
@7~@0: PCL bits
#11~#0: Instruction code address bits
S11~S0: Stack register bits
For the HT46R49, the Program Counter is 12 bits wide, i.e. from b11~b0.
For the HT46R47 and HT46R48A, the Program Counter is 11 bits wide, i.e. From
b10~b0, therefore the b11 column in the table is not applicable.
For the HT46R46, the Program Counter is 10 bits wide, i.e. from b9~b0, therefore the b11 and
b10 the columns in the table are not applicable.
Rev. 1.41
9
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Stack
· Rotation RRA, RR, RRCA, RRC, RLA, RL, RLCA,
RLC
This is a special part of the memory which is used to
save the contents of the Program Counter only. The
stack can have either 4 or 6 levels depending upon
which device is selected and is neither part of the data
nor part of the program space, and is neither readable
nor writable. The activated level is indexed by the Stack
Pointer, SP, and is neither readable nor writable. At a
subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the contents of the Program Counter are pushed onto the stack.
At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the Program
Counter is restored to its previous value from the stack.
After a device reset, the Stack Pointer will point to the
top of the stack.
P ro g ra m
T o p o f S ta c k
· Increment and Decrement INCA, INC, DECA, DEC
· Branch decision, JMP, SZ, SZA, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ,
SIZA, SDZA, CALL, RET, RETI
Program Memory
The Program Memory is the location where the user code
or program is stored. For microcontrollers, two types of
Program Memory are usually supplied. The first type is
the One-Time Programmable, OTP, memory where users can program their application code into the device.
Devices with OTP memory are denoted by having an ²R²
within their device name. By using the appropriate programming tools, OTP devices offer users the flexibility to
freely develop their applications which may be useful
during debug or for products requiring frequent upgrades
or program changes. OTP devices are also applicable for
use in applications that require low or medium volume
production runs. The other type of memory is the mask
ROM memory, denoted by having a ²C² within the device
name. These devices offer the most cost effective solutions for high volume products.
C o u n te r
S ta c k L e v e l 1
S ta c k L e v e l 2
S ta c k
P o in te r
B o tto m
S ta c k L e v e l 3
o f S ta c k
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
S ta c k L e v e l N
Structure
If the stack is full and an enabled interrupt takes place,
the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the Stack
Pointer is decremented, by RET or RETI, the interrupt
will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily.
However, when the stack is full, a CALL subroutine instruction can still be executed which will result in a stack
overflow. Precautions should be taken to avoid such
cases which might cause unpredictable program
branching.
Note:
The Program Memory has a capacity of 1K by 14, 2K by
14 or 4K by 15 bits depending upon which device is selected. The Program Memory is addressed by the Program Counter and also contains data, table information
and interrupt entries. Table data, which can be setup in
any location within the Program Memory, is addressed
by separate table pointer registers.
Special Vectors
Within the Program Memory, certain locations are reserved for special usage such as reset and interrupts.
For the HT46R46, 4 levels of stack are available
and for the HT46R47,HT46R48A and
HT46R49, 6 levels of stack are available.
· Location 000H
This vector is reserved for use by the device reset for
program initialisation. After a device reset is initiated, the
program will jump to this location and begin execution.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU
· Location 004H
The arithmetic-logic unit or ALU is a critical area of the
microcontroller that carries out arithmetic and logic operations of the instruction set. Connected to the main
microcontroller data bus, the ALU receives related instruction codes and performs the required arithmetic or
logical operations after which the result will be placed in
the specified register. As these ALU calculation or operations may result in carry, borrow or other status
changes, the status register will be correspondingly updated to reflect these changes. The ALU supports the
following functions:
This vector is used by the external interrupt. If the external interrupt pin on the device goes low, the program will jump to this location and begin execution if
the external interrupt is enabled and the stack is not
full.
· Location 008H
This internal vector is used by the Timer/Event Counter. If a counter overflow occurs, the program will jump
to this location and begin execution if the timer/event
counter interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full.
· Location 00CH
· Arithmetic operations: ADD, ADDM, ADC, ADCM,
This internal vector is used by the A/D converter.
When an A/D conversion cycle is complete, the program will jump to this location and begin execution if
the A/D interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full.
SUB, SUBM, SBC, SBCM, DAA
· Logic operations: AND, OR, XOR, ANDM, ORM,
XORM, CPL, CPLA
Rev. 1.41
10
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
H T 4 6 R 4 6
H T 4 6 R 4 7
H T 4 6 R 4 8 A
In itia lis a tio n
V e c to r
In itia lis a tio n
V e c to r
In itia lis a tio n
V e c to r
E x te rn a l
In te rru p t V e c to r
E x te rn a l
In te rru p t V e c to r
E x te rn a l
In te rru p t V e c to r
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
In te rru p t V e c to r
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
In te rru p t V e c to r
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
In te rru p t V e c to r
A /D C o n v e rte r
In te rru p t V e c to r
A /D C o n v e rte r
In te rru p t V e c to r
A /D C o n v e rte r
In te rru p t V e c to r
1 4 b its
1 4 b its
1 5 b its
0 0 0 H
0 0 4 H
0 0 8 H
0 0 C H
H T 4 6 R 4 9
0 1 0 H
0 1 4 H
3 0 0 H
3 F F H
4 0 0 H
7 F F H
8 0 0 H
N o t Im p le m e n te d
F F F H
Program Memory Structure
Look-up Table
Table Program Example
Any location within the Program Memory can be defined
as a look-up table where programmers can store fixed
data. To use the look-up table, the table pointer must
first be setup by placing the lower order address of the
look up data to be retrieved in the table pointer register,
TBLP. This register defines the lower 8-bit address of
the look-up table.
The following example shows how the table pointer and
table data is defined and retrieved from the HT46R47
microcontroller. This example uses raw table data located in the last page which is stored there using the
ORG statement. The value at this ORG statement is
²700H² which refers to the start address of the last page
within the 2K Program Memory of the HT46R47
microcontroller. The table pointer is setup here to have
an initial value of ²06H². This will ensure that the first
data read from the data table will be at the Program
Memory address ²706H² or 6 locations after the start of
the last page. Note that the value for the table pointer is
referenced to the first address of the present page if the
²TABRDC [m]² instruction is being used. The high byte
of the table data which in this case is equal to zero will
be transferred to the TBLH register automatically when
the ²TABRDL [m]² instruction is executed.
After setting up the table pointer, the table data can be
retrieved from the current Program Memory page or last
Program Memory page using the ²TABRDC[m]² or
²TABRDL [m]² instructions, respectively. When these instructions are executed, the lower order table byte from
the Program Memory will be transferred to the user defined Data Memory register [m] as specified in the instruction. The higher order table data byte from the
Program Memory will be transferred to the TBLH special
register. Any unused bits in this transferred higher order
byte will be read as ²0².
The following diagram illustrates the addressing/data
flow of the look-up table:
P ro g ra m C o u n te r
H ig h B y te
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
T B L P
T B L H
T a b le C o n te n ts H ig h B y te
Rev. 1.41
S p e c ifie d b y [m ]
T a b le C o n te n ts L o w B y te
11
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
tempreg1 db
tempreg2 db
:
:
?
?
; temporary register #1
; temporary register #2
mov
a,06h
; initialise table pointer - note that this address
; is referenced
mov
tblp,a
:
:
; to the last page or present page
tabrdl
tempreg1
;
;
;
;
dec
tblp
; reduce value of table pointer by one
tabrdl
tempreg2
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
to tempregl
data at prog. memory address ²706H² transferred to
tempreg1 and TBLH
transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
to tempreg2
data at prog.memory address ²705H² transferred to
tempreg2 and TBLH
in this example the data ²1AH² is transferred to
tempreg1 and data ²0FH² to register tempreg2
the value ²00H² will be transferred to the high byte
register TBLH
:
:
org
700h
; sets initial address of last page (for HT46R47)
Dc
00Ah, 00Bh, 00Ch, 00Dh, 00Eh, 00Fh, 01Ah, 01Bh
:
:
Data Memory
Because the TBLH register is a read-only register and
cannot be restored, care should be taken to ensure its
protection if both the main routine and Interrupt Service
Routine use table read instructions. If using the table
read instructions, the Interrupt Service Routines may
change the value of the TBLH and subsequently cause
errors if used again by the main routine. As a rule it is
recommended that simultaneous use of the table read
instructions should be avoided. However, in situations
where simultaneous use cannot be avoided, the interrupts should be disabled prior to the execution of any
main routine table-read instructions. Note that all table
related instructions require two instruction cycles to
complete their operation.
Instruction
Table Location Bits
b11
TABRDC [m] PC11
TABRDL [m]
The Data Memory is a volatile area of 8-bit wide RAM
internal memory and is the location where temporary information is stored. Divided into two sections, the first of
these is an area of RAM where special function registers
are located. These registers have fixed locations and
are necessary for correct operation of the device. Many
of these registers can be read from and written to directly under program control, however, some remain
protected from user manipulation. The second area of
Data Memory is reserved for general purpose use. All
locations within this area are read and write accessible
under program control.
1
b10
b9
b8
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
PC10
PC9
PC8
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
1
1
1
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
Table Location
Note:
PC11~PC8: Current Program Counter bits
@7~@0: Table Pointer TBLP bits
For the HT46R49 the Table address location is 12 bits, i.e. from b11~b0.
For the HT46R47 and HT46R48A, the Table address location is 11 bits, i.e. from b10~b0.
For the HT46R46, the Table address location is 10 bits, i.e. from b9~b0.
Rev. 1.41
12
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
0 0 H
0 0 H
S p e c ia l P u r p o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
3 F H
4 0 H
0 0 H
S p e c ia l P u r p o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
2 7 H
2 8 H
S p e c ia l P u r p o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
3 F H
4 0 H
G e n e ra l P u rp o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
G e n e ra l P u rp o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
G e n e ra l P u rp o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
7 F H
7 F H
H T 4 6 R 4 6 a n d H T 4 6 R 4 7
H T 4 6 R 4 8 A
B F H
H T 4 6 R 4 9
Data Memory Structure
Note:
Most of the Data Memory bits can be directly manipulated using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² with the exception of a few dedicated bits. The Data Memory can also be accessed through the memory pointer register MP.
Structure
of internal functions such as timers, interrupts, etc., as
well as external functions such as I/O data control and
A/D converter operation. The location of these registers
within the Data Memory begins at the address 00H. Any
unused Data Memory locations between these special
function registers and the point where the General Purpose Memory begins is reserved for future expansion
purposes, attempting to read data from these locations
will return a value of 00H.
The two sections of Data Memory, the Special Purpose
and General Purpose Data Memory are located at consecutive locations. All are implemented in RAM and are
8 bits wide but the length of each memory section is dictated by the type of microcontroller chosen. The start
address of the Data Memory for all devices is the address ²00H². Registers which are common to all
microcontrollers, such as ACC, PCL, etc., have the
same Data Memory address.
Indirect Addressing Register - IAR
General Purpose Data Memory
All microcontroller programs require an area of
read/write memory where temporary data can be stored
and retrieved for use later. It is this area of RAM memory
that is known as General Purpose Data Memory. This
area of Data Memory is fully accessible by the user program for both read and write operations. By using the
²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions individual bits
can be set or reset under program control giving the
user a large range of flexibility for bit manipulation in the
Data Memory.
The IAR register, located at Data Memory address
²00H², is not physically implemented. This special register allows what is known as indirect addressing, which
permits data manipulation using Memory Pointers instead of the usual direct memory addressing method
where the actual memory address is defined. Any actions on the IAR register will result in corresponding
read/write operations to the memory location specified
by the Memory Pointer MP. Reading the IAR register indirectly will return a result of ²00H² and writing to the
register indirectly will result in no operation.
Special Purpose Data Memory
Memory Pointer - MP
This area of Data Memory is where registers, necessary
for the correct operation of the microcontroller, are
stored. Most of the registers are both readable and
writable but some are protected and are readable only,
the details of which are located under the relevant Special Function Register section. Note that for locations
that are unused, any read instruction to these addresses
will return the value ²00H².
One Memory Pointer, known as MP, is physically implemented in Data Memory. The Memory Pointer can be
written to and manipulated in the same way as normal
registers providing an easy way of addressing and
tracking data. When using any operation on the indirect
addressing register IAR, it is actually the address specified by the Memory Pointer that the microcontroller will
be directed to.
For devices with 64 or 88 bytes of RAM Data Memory,
bit 7 of the Memory Pointer is not implemented. However, it must be noted that when the Memory Pointer for
these devices is read, bit 7 will be read as high.
Special Function Registers
To ensure successful operation of the microcontroller,
certain internal registers are implemented in the Data
Memory area. These registers ensure correct operation
Rev. 1.41
13
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
0 0
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 8
0 9
0 A
0 B
0 C
0 D
0 E
0 F
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
1 A
1 B
1 C
1 D
1 E
1 F
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
H
H
H
H
H
H
H T 4 6 R 4 6
IA R
M P
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
A C
P C
T B
T B
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L
L P
L H
A C
P C
T B
T B
C
H T 4 6 R 4 8 A
IA R
M P
A C
P C
T B
T B
L
L P
L H
C
L
L P
L H
H T 4 6 R 4 9
IA R
M P
A C
P C
T B
T B
C
L
L P
L H
S T A T U S
IN T C
S T A T U S
IN T C
S T A T U S
IN T C
S T A T U S
IN T C
T M R
T M R C
T M R
T M R C
T M R
T M R C
T M R
T M R C
P
P A
P
P B
P
P C
P
P D
P W
P W
P
P A
P
P B
A
P D
P D C
P W M
P D
P D C
P W M
P
P A
P
P B
P
P C
P
P D
P W
A D R
A D C R
A C S R
A D
A D
A D
A C
A D
A D
A D
A C
P
P A
P
P B
H
C
H T 4 6 R 4 7
IA R
M P
B
A
C
C
B
C
C
R L
R H
C R
S R
A
B
C
D
C
C
C
C
M
R L
R H
C R
S R
A D
A D
A D
A C
A
B
C
C
C
C
D
C
M 0
M 1
R L
R H
C R
S R
: U n u s e d , re a d a s "0 0 "
Special Purpose Data Memory
The following example shows how to clear a section of four RAM locations already defined as locations adres1 to
adres4.
data .section ¢data¢
adres1
db ?
adres2
db ?
adres3
db ?
adres4
db ?
block
db ?
code .section at 0 ¢code¢
org 00h
start:
mov
mov
mov
mov
a,04h
block,a
a,offset adres1
mp,a
; setup size of block
loop:
clr
inc
sdz
jmp
IAR
mp
block
loop
; clear the data at address defined by MP
; increment memory pointer
; check if last memory location has been cleared
; Accumulator loaded with first RAM address
; setup memory pointer with first RAM address
continue:
The important point to note here is that in the example shown above, no reference is made to specific RAM addresses.
Rev. 1.41
14
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Accumulator - ACC
Status Register - STATUS
The Accumulator is central to the operation of any
microcontroller and is closely related with operations
carried out by the ALU. The Accumulator is the place
where all intermediate results from the ALU are stored.
Without the Accumulator it would be necessary to write
the result of each calculation or logical operation such
as addition, subtraction, shift, etc., to the Data Memory
resulting in higher programming and timing overheads.
Data transfer operations usually involve the temporary
storage function of the Accumulator; for example, when
transferring data between one user defined register and
another, it is necessary to do this by passing the data
through the Accumulator as no direct transfer between
two registers is permitted.
This 8-bit register contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag
(C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power
down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO).
These arithmetic/logical operation and system management flags are used to record the status and operation of
the microcontroller.
With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the
status register can be altered by instructions like most
other registers. Any data written into the status register
will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addition, operations related to the status register may give different results due to the different instruction operations. The TO
flag can be affected only by a system power-up, a WDT
time-out or by executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. The PDF flag is affected only by executing the
²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or during a system
power-up.
Program Counter Low Register - PCL
To provide additional program control functions, the low
byte of the Program Counter is made accessible to programmers by locating it within the Special Purpose area
of the Data Memory. By manipulating this register, direct
jumps to other program locations are easily implemented. Loading a value directly into this PCL register
will cause a jump to the specified Program Memory location, however, as the register is only 8-bit wide, only
jumps within the current Program Memory page are permitted. When such operations are used, note that a
dummy cycle will be inserted.
The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of
the latest operations.
¨
C is set if an operation results in a carry during an
addition operation or if a borrow does not take place
during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is
cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry
instruction.
¨
AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the
low nibbles in addition, or no borrow from the high
nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise
AC is cleared.
¨
Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logical operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared.
¨
OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the
highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared.
¨
PDF is cleared by a system power-up or executing
the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing
the ²HALT² instruction.
¨
TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing
the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by
a WDT time-out.
Look-up Table Registers - TBLP, TBLH
These two special function registers are used to control
operation of the look-up table which is stored in the Program Memory. TBLP is the table pointer and indicates
the location where the table data is located. Its value
must be setup before any table read commands are executed. Its value can be changed, for example using the
²INC² or ²DEC² instructions, allowing for easy table data
pointing and reading. TBLH is the location where the
high order byte of the table data is stored after a table
read data instruction has been executed. Note that the
lower order table data byte is transferred to a user defined location.
b 7
b 0
T O
P D F
O V
Z
A C
C
S T A T U S R e g is te r
A r
C a
A u
Z e
O v
ith m e
r r y fla
x ilia r y
r o fla g
e r flo w
g
tic /L o g ic O p e r a tio n F la g s
c a r r y fla g
S y s te m M
P o w e r d o w
W a tc h d o g
N o t im p le m
fla g
a n
n
tim
e
a g e m e n t F la g s
fla g
e - o u t fla g
n te d , re a d a s "0 "
Status Register
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HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
In addition, on entering an interrupt sequence or executing a subroutine call, the status register will not be
pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of
the status registers are important and if the subroutine
can corrupt the status register, precautions must be
taken to correctly save it.
trol register must be set high, for an output it must be set
low. During program initialization, it is important to first
setup the control registers to specify which pins are outputs and which are inputs before reading data from or
writing data to the I/O ports. One flexible feature of these
registers is the ability to directly program single bits using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions. The
ability to change I/O pins from output to input and vice
versa by manipulating specific bits of the I/O control registers during normal program operation is a useful feature of these devices.
Interrupt Control Register - INTC
This 8-bit register, known as the INTC register, controls
the operation of both external and internal timer interrupts. By setting various bits within this register using
standard bit manipulation instructions, the enable/disable
function of each interrupt can be independently controlled. A master interrupt bit within this register, the EMI
bit, acts like a global enable/disable and is used to set all
of the interrupt enable bits on or off. This bit is cleared
when an interrupt routine is entered to disable further interrupt and is set by executing the ²RETI² instruction.
Pulse Width Modulator Registers PWM, PWM0, PWM1
E a c h d e v i c e i n t h e C o s t - E ff e c t i v e A / D Ty p e
microcontroller range contains either one or two Pulse
Width Modulators. Each one has its own related independent control register. For devices with a single PWM
function this is register is known as PWM, while for devices with two PWM functions, their control register
names are PWM0 and PWM1. The 8-bit contents of
these registers, defines the duty cycle value for the
modulation cycle of the corresponding Pulse Width
Modulator.
Timer/Event Counter Registers - TMR, TMRC
All devices possess a single internal 8-bit count-up
timer. An associated register known as TMR is the location where the timer¢s 8-bit value is located. This register
can also be preloaded with fixed data to allow different
time intervals to be setup. An associated control register, known as TMRC, contains the setup information for
this timer, which determines in what mode the timer is to
be used as well as containing the timer on/off control
function.
A/D Converter Registers ADR, ADRL, ADRH, ADCR, ACSR
E a c h d e v i c e i n t h e C o s t - E ff e c t i v e A / D Ty p e
microcontroller range contains a 4-channel 8-bit or 9-bit
A/D converter. The correct operation of the A/D requires
the use of one or two data registers, a control register
and a clock source register. For the HT46R46 device,
which has an 8-bit A/D converter, there is a single data
register, known as ADR. For the other devices, which
contain a 9-bit A/D converter, there are two data registers, a high byte data register known as ADRH, and a
low byte data register known as ADRL. These are the
register locations where the digital value is placed after
the completion of an analog to digital conversion cycle.
The channel selection and configuration of the A/D converter is setup via the control register ADCR while the
A/D clock frequency is defined by the clock source register, ACSR.
Input/Output Ports and Control Registers
Within the area of Special Function Registers, the I/O
registers and their associated control registers play a
prominent role. All I/O ports have a designated register
correspondingly labeled as PA, PB, PC and PD. These
labeled I/O registers are mapped to specific addresses
within the Data Memory as shown in the Data Memory
table, which are used to transfer the appropriate output
or input data on that port. With each I/O port there is an
associated control register labeled PAC, PBC, PCC and
PDC, also mapped to specific addresses with the Data
Memory. The control register specifies which pins of that
port are set as inputs and which are set as outputs. To
setup a pin as an input, the corresponding bit of the con-
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Input/Output Ports
of the I/O ports is directly mapped to a bit in its associated port control register. For the I/O pin to function as
an input, the corresponding bit of the control register
must be written as a ²1². This will then allow the logic
state of the input pin to be directly read by instructions.
When the corresponding bit of the control register is
written as a ²0², the I/O pin will be setup as a CMOS output. If the pin is currently setup as an output, instructions
can still be used to read the output register. However, it
should be noted that the program will in fact only read
the status of the output data latch and not the actual
logic status of the output pin.
Holtek microcontrollers offer considerable flexibility on
their I/O ports. With the input or output designation of every pin fully under user program control, pull-high options for all ports and wake-up options on certain pins,
the user is provided with an I/O structure to meet the
needs of a wide range of application possibilities.
Depending upon which device or package is chosen,
the microcontroller range provides from 13 to 23
bidirectional input/output lines labeled with port names
PA, PB, PC and PD. These I/O ports are mapped to the
RAM Data Memory with specific addresses as shown in
the Special Purpose Data Memory table. All of these I/O
ports can be used for input and output operations. For
input operation, these ports are non-latching, which
means the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of
instruction ²MOV A,[m]², where m denotes the port address. For output operation, all the data is latched and
remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten.
Pin-shared Functions
The flexibility of the microcontroller range is greatly enhanced by the use of pins that have more than one function. Limited numbers of pins can force serious design
constraints on designers but by supplying pins with
multi-functions, many of these difficulties can be overcome. For some pins, the chosen function of the
multi-function I/O pins is set by configuration options
while for others the function is set by application program control.
Pull-high Resistors
Many product applications require pull-high resistors for
their switch inputs usually requiring the use of an external resistor. To eliminate the need for these external resistors, all I/O pins, when configured as an input have
the capability of being connected to an internal pull-high
resistor. These pull-high resistors are selectable via
configuration options and are implemented using a
weak PMOS transistor.
· External Interrupt Input
The external interrupt pin INT is pin-shared with the
I/O pin PA5. For applications not requiring an external
interrupt input, the pin-shared external interrupt pin
can be used as a normal I/O pin, however to do this,
the external interrupt enable bits in the INTC register
must be disabled.
Port A Wake-up
· External Timer Clock Input
Each device has a HALT instruction enabling the
microcontroller to enter a Power Down Mode and preserve power, a feature that is important for battery and
other low-power applications. Various methods exist to
wake-up the microcontroller, one of which is to change
the logic condition on one of the Port A pins from high to
low. After a ²HALT² instruction forces the microcontroller
into entering a HALT condition, the processor will remain idle or in a low-power state until the logic condition
of the selected wake-up pin on Port A changes from high
to low. This function is especially suitable for applications that can be woken up via external switches. Note
that each pin on Port A can be selected individually to
have this wake-up feature.
The external timer pin TMR is pin-shared with the I/O
pin PA4. To configure it to operate as a timer input, the
corresponding control bits in the timer control register
must be correctly set. For applications that do not require an external timer input, the pin can be used as a
normal I/O pin. Note that if used as a normal I/O pin
the timer mode control bits in the timer control register
must select the timer mode, which has an internal
clock source, to prevent the input pin from interfering
with the timer operation.
· PFD Output
Each device contains a PFD function whose single
output is pin-shared with PA3. The output function of
this pin is chosen via a configuration option and remains fixed after the device is programmed. Note that
the corresponding bit of the port control register,
PAC.3, must setup the pin as an output to enable the
PFD output. If the PAC port control register has setup
the pin as an input, then the pin will function as a normal logic input with the usual pull-high option, even if
the PFD configuration option has been selected.
I/O Port Control Registers
Each I/O port has its own control register PAC, PBC,
PCC and PDC, to control the input/output configuration.
With this control register, each CMOS output or input
with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically under software control. Each pin
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· PWM Outputs
· A/D Inputs
All devices contain one or two PWM outputs pin
shared with pins PD0 and PD1. The PWM output
functions are chosen via configuration options and remain fixed after the device is programmed. Note that
the corresponding bit or bits of the port control register, PDC, must setup the pin as an output to enable
the PWM output. If the PDC port control register has
setup the pin as an input, then the pin will function as a
normal logic input with the usual pull-high option, even
if the PWM configuration option has been selected.
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
Each device has four A/D converter inputs. All of
these analog inputs are pin-shared with I/O pins on
Port B. If these pins are to be used as A/D inputs and
not as normal I/O pins then the corresponding bits in
the A/D Converter Control Register, ADCR, must be
properly set. There are no configuration options associated with the A/D function. If used as I/O pins, then
full pull-high resistor configuration options remain,
however if used as A/D inputs then any pull-high resistor options associated with these pins will be automatically disconnected.
V
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
D D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
S
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
I/O
C K
Q
S
M
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r
S y s te m
P in
D a ta B it
Q
D
U
X
W a k e -u p
W a k e - u p O p tio n
P A o n ly
Non-pin-shared Function Input/Output Ports
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
V
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
D D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
S
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
P A 4 /T M R
P A 5 /IN T
D a ta B it
Q
D
C K
S
Q
M
R e a d
IN
T M
S y
D a ta
T fo r
R fo r
s te m
R e
P A
P A
W a
g is te r
5 o n ly
4 o n ly
k e -u p
U
X
W a k e - u p O p tio n
PA4/PA5 Input/Output Ports
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V
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
D D
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
S
C h ip R e s e t
P A 3 /P F D
P D 0 /P W M
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
D a ta B it
Q
D
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
C K
P D 0 /P W M 0
( H T 4 6 R 4 9 2 8 - p in p a c k a g e o n ly )
P D 1 /P W M 1
Q
S
M
P F D
o r P W M
W a v e fo rm
M
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r
U
U
X
P F D /P W M
O p tio n
X
PA3/PFD and PD/PWM Input/Output Ports
V
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
D D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
S
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
P B 0 /A N 0 ~ P B 3 /A N 3
D a ta B it
Q
D
C K
S
Q
M
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r
P C R 2
P C R 1
P C R 0
T o A /D
U
X
A n a lo g
In p u t
S e le c to r
C o n v e rte r
A C S 2 ~ A C S 0
PB Input/Output Ports
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I/O Pin Structures
The following diagrams illustrate the I/O pin internal
structures. As the exact logical construction of the I/O
pin may differ from these drawings, they are supplied as
a guide only to assist with the functional understanding
of the I/O pins.
If these pins are setup as inputs they may oscillate and
increase power consumption, especially notable if the
device is in the Power Down Mode. It is therefore recommended that any unbonded pins should be setup as outputs, or if setup as inputs, then they should be
connected to pull-high resistors.
Programming Considerations
Timer/Event Counters
Within the user program, one of the first things to consider is port initialization. After a reset, all of the I/O data
and port control registers will be set high. This means
that all I/O pins will default to an input state, the level of
which depends on the other connected circuitry and
whether pull-high options have been selected. If the port
control registers, PAC, PBC, PCC and PDC, are then
programmed to setup some pins as outputs, these output pins will have an initial high output value unless the
associated port data registers, PA, PB, PC and PD, are
first programmed. Selecting which pins are inputs and
which are outputs can be achieved byte-wide by loading
the correct values into the appropriate port control register or by programming individual bits in the port control
register using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions. Note that when using these bit control instructions, a read-modify-write operation takes place. The
microcontroller must first read in the data on the entire
port, modify it to the required new bit values and then rewrite this data back to the output ports.
The provision of timers form an important part of any
microcontroller giving the designer a means of carrying
out time related functions. Each device contains an internal 8-bit count-up timer. With three operating modes,
the timers can be configured to operate as a general
timer, external event counter or as a pulse width measurement device. The provision of an internal 8-stage
prescaler to the timer clock circuitry gives added range
to the timer.
T 1
S y s te m
T 2
T 3
T 4
T 1
T 2
T 3
There are two registers related to the Timer/Event
Counter, TMR and TMRC. The TMR register is the register that contains the actual timing value. Writing to
TMR places an initial starting value in the Timer/Event
Counter preload register while reading TMR retrieves
the contents of the Timer/Event Counter. The TMRC
register is a Timer/Event Counter control register, which
defines the timer options, and determines how the timer
is to be used. The timer clock source can be configured
to come from the internal system clock source or from
an external clock on shared pin PA4/TMR.
T 4
C lo c k
Configuring the Timer/Event Counter Input Clock
Source
P o rt D a ta
W r ite to P o r t
R e a d fro m
The internal timer¢s clock source can originate from either the system clock or from an external clock source.
The system clock input timer source is used when the
timer is in the timer mode or in the pulse width measurement mode. The internal timer clock also passes
through a prescaler, the value of which is conditioned by
the bits PSC0, PSC1 and PSC2.
P o rt
Read/Write Timing
Port A has the additional capability of providing wake-up
functions. When the device is in the Power Down Mode,
various methods are available to wake the device up.
One of these is a high to low transition of any of the Port
A pins. Single or multiple pins on Port A can be setup to
have this function.
An external clock source is used when the timer is in the
event counting mode, the clock source being provided
on pin-shared pin PA4/TMR. Depending upon the condition of the TE bit, each high to low, or low to high transition on the PA4/TMR pin will increment the counter by
one.
Note that some devices have different package types
which may result in some I/O pins not being bonded out.
D a ta B u s
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
P S C 2 ~ P S C 0
(1 /1 ~ 1 /1 2 8 )
fS
Y S
8 - S ta g e P r e s c a le r
T M 1
T M 0
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
M o d e C o n tro l
Rev. 1.41
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
T O N
P A 4 /T M R In p u t
T E
R e lo a d
8 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
¸ 2
P F D
8-bit Timer/Event Counter Structure
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Timer Register - TMR
Timer Control Register - TMRC
The TMR register is an 8-bit special function register location within the special purpose Data Memory where
the actual timer value is stored. The value in the timer
registers increases by one each time an internal clock
pulse is received or an external transition occurs on the
PA4/TMR pin. The timer will count from the initial value
loaded by the preload register to the full count value of
FFH at which point the timer overflows and an internal
interrupt signal generated. The timer value will then be
reset with the initial preload register value and continue
counting. For a maximum full range count of 00H to FFH
the preload register must first be cleared to 00H. It
should be noted that after power-on the preload register
will be in an unknown condition. Note that if the
Timer/Event Counter is not running and data is written to
its preload register, this data will be immediately written
into the actual counter. However, if the counter is enabled and counting, any new data written into the
preload register during this period will remain in the
preload register and will only be written into the actual
counter the next time an overflow occurs.
The flexible features of the Holtek microcontroller
Timer/Event Counters enable them to operate in three
different modes, the options of which are determined by
the contents of the Timer Control Register TMRC. Together with the TMR register, these two registers control
the full operation of the Timer/Event Counters. Before
the timer can be used, it is essential that the TMRC register is fully programmed with the right data to ensure its
correct operation, a process that is normally carried out
during program initialisation.
b 7
T M 1
To choose which of the three modes the timer is to operate in, the timer mode, the event counting mode or the
pulse width measurement mode, bits TM0 and TM1
must be set to the required logic levels. The timer-on bit
TON or bit 4 of the TMRC register provides the basic
on/off control of the timer, setting the bit high allows the
counter to run, clearing the bit stops the counter. Bits
0~2 of the TMRC register determine the division ratio of
the input clock prescaler. The prescaler bit settings have
no effect if an external clock source is used. If the timer
is in the event count or pulse width measurement mode
the active transition edge level type is selected by the
logic level of the TE or bit 3 of the TMRC register.
b 0
T M 0
T O N
T E
P S C 2 P S C 1 P S C 0
T M R C
R e g is te r
T im e r P
P S C 2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
E v e n t C
1 : c o u n
0 : c o u n
P u ls e W
1 : s ta rt
0 : s ta rt
r e s c a le r R a te S e le
P S C 0
P S C 1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
o u n te r A c tiv e E d g
t o n fa llin g e d g e
t o n r is in g e d g e
id th M e a s u r e m e n
c o u n tin g o n r is in g
c o u n tin g o n fa llin g
c t
T im e r
1 :1
1 :2
1 :4
1 :8
1 :1
1 :3
1 :6
1 :1
e S e le c t
R a te
6
2
4
2 8
t A c tiv e E d g e S e le c t
e d g e , s to p o n fa llin g e d g e
e d g e , s to p o n r is in g e d g e
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r C o u n tin g E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
O p e r a tin g M o d e S e
T M 1
T M 0
0
n o
0
0
e v
1
1
tim
0
1
p u
1
le c t
m o d
e n t c
e r m
ls e w
e a v a ila b le
o u n te r m o d e
o d e
id th m e a s u r e m e n t m o d e
Timer/Event Counter Control Register
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Configuring the Timer Mode
mode, the second is to ensure that the port control register configures the pin as an input. It should be noted that
a timer overflow is one of the wake-up sources. Also in
the Event Counting mode, the Timer/Event Counter will
continue to record externally changing logic events on
the timer input pin, even if the microcontroller is in the
Power Down Mode. As a result when the timer overflows it will generate a wake-up and if the interrupts are
enabled also generate a timer interrupt signal.
In this mode, the timer can be utilised to measure fixed
time intervals, providing an internal interrupt signal each
time the counter overflows. To operate in this mode, bits
TM1 and TM0 of the TMRC register must be set to 1 and
0 respectively. In this mode, the internal clock is used as
the timer clock. The input clock frequency to the timer is
fSYS divided by the value programmed into the timer
prescaler, the value of which is determined by bits
PSC0~PSC2 of the TMRC register. The timer-on bit,
TON must be set high to enable the timer to run. Each
time an internal clock high to low transition occurs, the
timer increments by one. When the timer is full and overflows, the timer will be reset to the value already loaded
into the preload register and continue counting. If the
timer interrupt is enabled, an interrupt signal will also be
generated. The timer interrupt can be disabled by ensuring that the ETI bit in the INTC register is cleared to zero.
It should be noted that a timer overflow is one of the
wake-up sources.
Configuring the Pulse Width Measurement Mode
In this mode, the width of external pulses applied to the
pin-shared external pin PA4/TMR can be measured. In
the Pulse Width Measurement Mode, the timer clock
source is supplied by the internal clock. For the timer to
operate in this mode, bits TM0 and TM1 must both be
set high. If the TE bit is low, once a high to low transition
has been received on the PA4/TMR pin, the timer will
start counting until the PA4/TMR pin returns to its original high level. At this point the TON bit will be automatically reset to zero and the timer will stop counting. If the
TE bit is high, the timer will begin counting once a low to
high transition has been received on the PA4/TMR pin
and stop counting when the PA4/TMR pin returns to its
original low level. As before, the TON bit will be automatically reset to zero and the timer will stop counting. It is
important to note that in the Pulse Width Measurement
Mode, the TON bit is automatically reset to zero when
the external control signal on the external timer pin returns to its original level, whereas in the other two
modes the TON bit can only be reset to zero under program control. The residual value in the timer, which can
now be read by the program, therefore represents the
length of the pulse received on pin PA4/TMR. As the
TON bit has now been reset any further transitions on
the PA4/TMR pin will be ignored. Not until the TON bit is
again set high by the program can the timer begin further pulse width measurements. In this way single shot
pulse measurements can be easily made. It should be
noted that in this mode the counter is controlled by logical transitions on the PA4/TMR pin and not by the logic
level.
Configuring the Event Counter Mode
In this mode, a number of externally changing logic
events, occurring on external pin PA4/TMR, can be recorded by the internal timer. For the timer to operate in
the event counting mode, bits TM1 and TM0 of the
TMRC register must be set to 0 and 1 respectively. The
timer-on bit, TON must be set high to enable the timer to
count. With TE low, the counter will increment each time
the PA4/TMR pin receives a low to high transition. If the
TE bit is high, the counter will increment each time TMR
receives a high to low transition. As in the case of the
other two modes, when the counter is full and overflows,
the timer will be reset to the value already loaded into
the preload register and continue counting. If the timer
interrupt is enabled, an interrupt signal will also be generated. The timer interrupt can be disabled by ensuring
that the ETI bit in the INTC register is cleared to zero. To
ensure that the external pin PA4/TMR is configured to
operate as an event counter input pin, two things have to
happen. The first is to ensure that the TM0 and TM1 bits
place the timer/event counter in the event counting
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o n tr o lle r
T im e r + 1
T im e r + 2
T im e r + N
T im e r + N + 1
Timer Mode Timing Chart
E x te rn a l E v e n t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o u n te r
T im e r + 1
T im e r + 2
T im e r + 3
Event Counter Mode Timing Chart
Rev. 1.41
22
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
bit PA3 is set to ²1². This output data bit is used as the
on/off control bit for the PFD output. Note that the PFD
output will be low if the PA3 output data bit is cleared to
²0².
As in the case of the other two modes, when the counter
is full and overflows, the timer will be reset to the value
already loaded into the preload register. If the timer interrupt is enabled, an interrupt signal will also be generated. To ensure that the external pin PA4/TMR is
configured to operate as a pulse width measuring input
pin, two things have to happen. The first is to ensure that
the TM0 and TM1 bits place the timer/event counter in
the pulse width measuring mode, the second is to ensure that the port control register configures the pin as
an input. It should be noted that a timer overflow is one
of the wake-up sources.
Using this method of frequency generation, and if a
crystal oscillator is used for the system clock, very precise values of frequency can be generated.
Prescaler
Bits PSC0~PSC2 of the TMRC register can be used to
define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock
sources of the Timer/Event Counter. The Timer/Event
Counter overflow signal can be used to generate signals
for the PFD and Timer Interrupt.
Programmable Frequency Divider - PFD
The PFD output is pin-shared with the I/O pin PA3. The
PFD function is selected via configuration option, however, if not selected, the pin can operate as a normal I/O
pin. The timer overflow signal is the clock source for the
PFD circuit. The output frequency is controlled by loading the required values into the timer prescaler registers
to give the required division ratio. The counter, driven by
the system clock which is divided by the prescaler value,
will begin to count-up from this preload register value
until full, at which point an overflow signal is generated,
causing the PFD output to change state. The counter
will then be automatically reloaded with the preload register value and continue counting-up.
I/O Interfacing
The Timer/Event Counter, when configured to run in the
event counter or pulse width measurement mode, require the use of the external PA4/TMR pin for correct operation. As this pin is a shared pin it must be configured
correctly to ensure it is setup for use as a Timer/Event
Counter input and not as a normal I/O pin. This is implemented by ensuring that the mode select bits in the
Timer/Event Counter control register, select either the
event counter or pulse width measurement mode. Additionally the Port Control Register PAC bit 4 must be set
high to ensure that the pin is setup as an input. Any
pull-high resistor configuration option on this pin will remain valid even if the pin is used as a Timer/Event
Counter input.
For the PFD output to function, it is essential that the
corresponding bit of the Port A control register PAC bit 3
is setup as an output. If setup as an input the PFD output
will not function, however, the pin can still be used as a
normal input pin. The PFD output will only be activated if
E x te rn a l T M R
P in In p u t
T O N
( w ith T E = 0 )
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o u n te r
T im e r
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t is s a m p le d a t e v e r y fa llin g e d g e o f T 1 .
Pulse Width Measure Mode Timing Chart
T im e r O v e r flo w
P F D
C lo c k
P A 3 D a ta
P F D
O u tp u t a t P A 3
PFD Output Control
Rev. 1.41
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December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Programming Considerations
the timer can be turned on and off by controlling the enable bit in the timer control register. Note that setting the
timer enable bit high to turn the timer on, should only be
executed after the timer mode bits have been properly
setup. Setting the timer enable bit high together with a
mode bit modification, may lead to improper timer operation if executed as a single timer control register byte
write instruction.
When configured to run in the timer mode, the internal
system clock is used as the timer clock source and is
therefore synchronized with the overall operation of the
microcontroller. In this mode when the appropriate timer
register is full, the microcontroller will generate an internal
interrupt signal directing the program flow to the respective internal interrupt vector. For the pulse width measurement mode, the internal system clock is also used as
the timer clock source but the timer will only run when the
correct logic condition appears on the external timer input
pin. As this is an external event and not synchronized
with the internal timer clock, the microcontroller will only
see this external event when the next timer clock pulse
arrives. As a result, there may be small differences in
measured values requiring programmers to take this into
account during programming. The same applies if the
timer is configured to be in the event counting mode,
which again is an external event and not synchronized
with the internal system or timer clock.
When the Timer/Event counter overflows, its corresponding interrupt request flag in the interrupt control
register will be set. If the timer interrupt is enabled this
will in turn generate an interrupt signal. However irrespective of whether the interrupts are enabled or not, a
Timer/Event counter overflow will also generate a
wake-up signal if the device is in a Power-down condition. This situation may occur if the Timer/Event Counter
is in the Event Counting Mode and if the external signal
continues to change state. In such a case, the
Timer/Event Counter will continue to count these external events and if an overflow occurs the device will be
woken up from its Power-down condition. To prevent
such a wake-up from occurring, the timer interrupt request flag should first be set high before issuing the
HALT instruction to enter the Power Down Mode.
When the Timer/Event Counter is read, or if data is written to the preload register, the clock is inhibited to avoid
errors, however as this may result in a counting error, this
should be taken into account by the programmer. Care
must be taken to ensure that the timers are properly initialised before using them for the first time. The associated timer enable bits in the interrupt control register must
be properly set otherwise the internal interrupt associated
with the timer will remain inactive. The edge select, timer
mode and clock source control bits in timer control register must also be correctly set to ensure the timer is properly configured for the required application. It is also
important to ensure that an initial value is first loaded into
the timer registers before the timer is switched on; this is
because after power-on the initial values of the timer registers are unknown. After the timer has been initialised
Timer Program Example
This program example shows how the Timer/Event
Counter registers are setup, along with how the interrupts are enabled and managed. Note how the
Timer/Event Counter is turned on, by setting bit 4 of the
Timer Control Register. The Timer/Event Counter can
be turned off in a similar way by clearing the same bit.
This example program sets the Timer/Event Counter to
be in the timer mode, which uses the internal system
clock as the clock source.
org 04h
; external interrupt vector
reti
org 08h
; Timer/Event Counter interrupt vector
jmp tmrint
; jump here when Timer overflows
:
org 20h
; main program
;internal Timer/Event Counter interrupt routine
tmrint:
:
; Timer/Event Counter main program placed here
:
reti
:
:
begin:
;setup Timer registers
mov a,09bh
; setup Timer preload value
mov tmr,a;
mov a,081h
; setup Timer control register
mov tmrc,a
; timer mode and prescaler set to /2
; setup interrupt register
mov a,005h
; enable master interrupt and timer interrupt
mov intc,a
set tmrc.4
; start Timer - note mode bits must be previously setup
Rev. 1.41
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December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Pulse Width Modulator
the PWM cycle frequency and the PWM modulation frequency should be understood. As the PWM clock is the
system clock, fSYS, and as the PWM value is 8-bits wide,
the overall PWM cycle frequency is fSYS/256, while the
PWM modulation frequency for the 6+2 mode of operation will be fSYS/64.
Each microcontroller in the Cost-effective A/D Type
MCU series contains either one or two Pulse Width
Modulation, PWM, outputs. Useful for such applications
such as motor speed control, the PWM function provides outputs with a fixed frequency but with a duty cycle
that can be varied by setting particular values into the
corresponding PWM register.
PWM Output Register
Mode
Pins
Name
Device
Channels
HT46R49
2
6+2
PD0/
PD1
PWM0/
PWM1
Other
Devices
1
6+2
PD0
PWM
PWM Cycle
Frequency
PWM Cycle
Duty
fSYS/64
fSYS/256
(PWM register
value)/256
6+2 PWM Mode
Each full PWM cycle, as it is controlled by an 8-bit PWM,
PWM0 or PWM1 register, has 256 clock periods. However, in the 6+2 PWM Mode, each PWM cycle is subdivided into four individual sub-cycles known as
modulation cycle 0~modulation cycle 3, denoted as ²i²
in the table. Each one of these four sub-cycles contains
64 clock cycles. In this mode, a modulation frequency
increase by a factor of four is achieved. The 8-bit PWM,
PWM0 or PWM1 register value, which represents the
overall duty cycle of the PWM waveform, is divided into
two groups. The first group which consists of bit2~bit7 is
denoted here as the DC value. The second group which
consists of bit0~bit1 is known as the AC value. In the
6+2 PWM mode, the duty cycle value of each of the four
modulation sub-cycles is shown in the following table.
For devices with one PWM output, a single register, located in the Data Memory is assigned to the Pulse Width
Modulator and is known as the PWM register. For devices with two PWM outputs, two registers are provided
and are known as PWM0 and PWM1. It is in these registers, that the 8-bit value, which represents the overall
duty cycle of one modulation cycle of the output waveform, should be placed. To increase the PWM modulation frequency, each modulation cycle is modulated into
four individual modulation sub-sections, known as the
6+2 mode. Note that it is only necessary to write the required modulation value into the corresponding PWM
register as the subdivision of the waveform into its
sub-modulation cycles is implemented automatically
within the microcontroller hardware. For all devices, the
PWM clock source is the system clock fSYS.
Parameter
This method of dividing the original modulation cycle
into a further 4 sub-cycles enables the generation of
higher PWM frequencies, which allow a wider range of
applications to be served. As long as the periods of the
generated PWM pulses are less than the time constants
of the load, the PWM output will be suitable as such long
time constant loads will average out the pulses of the
PWM output. The difference between what is known as
Rev. 1.41
PWM
Modulation
Frequency
AC (0~3)
DC
(Duty Cycle)
i<AC
DC+ 1
64
i³AC
DC
64
Modulation cycle i
(i=0~3)
6+2 Mode Modulation Cycle Values
25
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
out, and of course after the required PWM value has
been written into the PWM register, writing a ²1² to the
corresponding bit in the PD output data register will enable the PWM data to appear on the pin. Writing a ²0² to
the corresponding bit in the PD output data register will
disable the PWM output function and force the output
low. In this way, the Port D data output register can be
used as an on/off control for the PWM function. Note
that if the configuration options have selected the PWM
function, but a ²1² has been written to its corresponding
bit in the PDC control register to configure the pin as an
input, then the pin can still function as a normal input
line, with pull-high resistor options.
The following diagram illustrates the waveforms associated with the 6+2 mode of PWM operation. It is important to note how the single PWM cycle is subdivided into
4 individual modulation cycles, numbered from 0~3 and
how the AC value is related to the PWM value.
PWM Output Control
On all devices, the PWM outputs are pin-shared with
pins PD0 and PD1. To operate as PWM outputs and not
as I/O pins, the correct PWM configuration options must
be selected. A ²0² must also be written to the corresponding bits in the I/O port control register PDC to ensure that the required PWM output pin is setup as an
output. After these two initial steps have been carried
fS
Y S
/2
[P W M ] = 1 0 0
P W M
2 5 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 6 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 6 /6 4
2 6 /6 4
2 6 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 6 /6 4
2 6 /6 4
2 6 /6 4
2 5 /6 4
2 6 /6 4
[P W M ] = 1 0 1
P W M
[P W M ] = 1 0 2
P W M
[P W M ] = 1 0 3
P W M
2 6 /6 4
P W M
m o d u la tio n p e r io d : 6 4 /fS
M o d u la tio n c y c le 0
Y S
M o d u la tio n c y c le 1
P W M
M o d u la tio n c y c le 2
c y c le : 2 5 6 /fS
M o d u la tio n c y c le 3
M o d u la tio n c y c le 0
Y S
6+2 PWM Mode
b 7
b 0
P W M , P W M 0 , P W M 1 R e g is te r
A C
v a lu e
D C
v a lu e
Pulse Width Modulation Registers
PWM Programming Example
The following sample program shows how the PWM outputs are setup and controlled. Before use the corresponding
PWM output configuration options must first be selected.
mov
mov
clr
set
:
:
clr
a,64h
pwm,a
pdc.0
pd.0
:
:
pd.0
Rev. 1.41
; setup PWM value of 100 decimal which is 64H
; setup pin PD0 as an output
; PD.0=1; enable the PWM output
; disable the PWM output - PD0 will remain low
26
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Analog to Digital Converter
Converter Data Registers, note that only the high byte
register ADRH utilises its full 8-bit contents. The low
byte register utilises only 1 bit of its 8-bit contents as it
contains only the lowest bit of the 9-bit converted value.
The need to interface to real world analog signals is a
common requirement for many electronic systems.
However, to properly process these signals by a
microcontroller, they must first be converted into digital
signals by A/D converters. By integrating the A/D conversion electronic circuitry into the microcontroller, the
need for external components is reduced significantly
with the corresponding follow-on benefits of lower costs
and reduced component space requirements.
In the following tables, D0~D8 are the A/D conversion
data result bits.
Register
Bit
7
Bit
6
Bit
5
Bit
4
Bit
3
Bit
2
Bit
1
Bit
0
ADR
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
A/D Overview
A/D Data Register - HT46R46
Each of the devices contains a 4-channel analog to digital converter which can directly interface to external analog signals, such as that from sensors or other control
signals and convert these signals directly into either an
8-bit or 9-bit digital value.
Device
Register
Bit
7
Bit
6
Bit
5
Bit
4
Bit
3
Bit
2
Bit
1
Bit
0
ADRL
D0
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
ADRH
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
Input
Conversion
Input Pins
Channels
Bits
A/D Data Register - Other Devices
HT46R46
4
8
PB0~PB3
HT46R47
4
9
PB0~PB3
A/D Converter Control Register - ADCR
HT46R48A
4
9
PB0~PB3
HT46R49
4
9
PB0~PB3
To control the function and operation of the A/D converter, a control register known as ADCR is provided.
This 8-bit register defines functions such as the selection of which analog channel is connected to the internal
A/D converter, which pins are used as analog inputs and
which are used as normal I/Os as well as controlling the
start function and monitoring the A/D converter end of
conversion status.
The following diagram shows the overall internal structure of the A/D converter, together with its associated
registers.
A/D Converter Data Registers - ADR, ADRL, ADRH
One section of this register contains the bits
ACS2~ACS0 which define the channel number. As each
of the devices contains only one actual analog to digital
converter circuit, each of the individual 4 analog inputs
must be routed to the converter. It is the function of the
ACS2~ACS0 bits in the ADCR register to determine
which analog channel is actually connected to the internal A/D converter. Note that the ACS2 bit must always
be assigned a zero value.
For the HT46R46 device, which has an 8-bit A/D converter, a single register, known as ADR, is used to store
the 8-bit analog to digital conversion value. For the remaining devices, which have a 9-bit A/D converter, two
registers are required, a high byte register, known as
ADRH, and a low byte register, known as ADRL. After
the conversion process takes place, these registers can
be directly read by the microcontroller to obtain the digitised conversion value. For devices which use two A/D
C lo c k D iv id e
R a tio
A D C
fS
S o u rc e
/2
Y S
A C S R R e g is te r
¸ N
V
P B
P B
P B
P B
0 /A
1 /A
2 /A
3 /A
N 0
N 1
N 2
N 3
D D
A /D
r e fe r e n c e v o lta g e
A D R
A D C
o r
A D R L
A /D D a ta
R e g is te r s
A D R H
P C R 0 ~ P C R 2
P in C o n fig u r a tio n
B its
A D C S 0 ~ A D C S 2
C h a n n e l S e le c t
B its
S T A R T
E O C B
A D C R
R e g is te r
S ta r t B it E n d o f
C o n v e r s io n B it
A/D Converter Structure
Rev. 1.41
27
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
nal interrupt address for processing. If the A/D internal
interrupt is disabled, the microcontroller can be used to
poll the EOCB bit in the ADCR register to check whether
it has been cleared as an alternative method of detecting the end of an A/D conversion cycle.
The ADCR control register also contains the
PCR2~PCR0 bits which determine which pins on Port B
are used as analog inputs for the A/D converter and
which pins are to be used as normal I/O pins. If the 3-bit
address on PCR2~PCR0 has a value of ²100² or higher,
then all four pins, namely AN0, AN1, AN2 and AN3 will all
be set as analog inputs. Note that if the PCR2~PCR0 bits
are all set to zero, then all the Port B pins will be setup as
normal I/Os and the internal A/D converter circuitry will be
powered off to reduce the power consumption.
A/D Converter Clock Source Register - ACSR
The clock source for the A/D converter, which originates
from the system clock fSYS, is first divided by a division
ratio, the value of which is determined by the ADCS1
and ADCS0 bits in the ACSR register.
The START bit in the ADCR register is used to start and
reset the A/D converter. When the microcontroller sets
this bit from low to high and then low again, an analog to
digital conversion cycle will be initiated. When the
START bit is brought from low to high but not low again,
the EOCB bit in the ADCR register will be set to a ²1²
and the analog to digital converter will be reset. It is the
START bit that is used to control the overall on/off operation of the internal analog to digital converter.
Although the A/D clock source is determined by the system clock fSYS, and by bits ADCS1 and ADCS0, there are
some limitations on the maximum A/D clock source speed
that can be selected. As the minimum value of permissible
A/D clock period, tAD, is 0.5ms for the HT46R46, device,
and 1ms for the other devices, care must be taken for system clock speeds in excess of 2MHz. With the exception of
the HT46R46 device, for system clock speeds in excess of
2MHz, the ADCS1 and ADCS0 bits should not be set to
²00². For the HT46R46 device, for system clock speeds in
excess of 4MHz, the ADCS1 and ADCS0 bits should not
be set to ²00². Doing so will give A/D clock periods that are
less than the minimum A/D clock period which may result
in inaccurate A/D conversion values. Refer to the following
table for examples, where values marked with an asterisk
* show where, depending upon the device, special care
must be taken, as the values may be less than the specified minimum A/D Clock Period.
The EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to indicate
when the analog to digital conversion process is complete. This bit will be automatically set to ²0² by the
microcontroller after a conversion cycle has ended. In
addition, the corresponding A/D interrupt request flag
will be set in the interrupt control register, and if the interrupts are enabled, an appropriate internal interrupt signal will be generated. This A/D internal interrupt signal
will direct the program flow to the associated A/D interb 7
S T A R T E O C B
P C R 2
P C R 1
P C R 0
A C S 2
A C S 1
b 0
A C S 0
A D C R
R e g is te r
S e le c t A /D c h a n n e l
A C S 1
A C S 2
A C S 0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
X
1
X
: A
: A
: A
: A
: u
P o r t B A /D c h a n n e l c o n fig
P C R 2 P C R 1 P C R 0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
X
X
1
N 0
N 1
N 2
N 3
n d e fin e d , m u s t n o t b e u s e d
u r a tio n s
: P
: P
: P
: P
: P
o rt
B 0
B 0
B 0
B 0
B
e n
~ P
~ P
~ P
A /D
a b
B 1
B 2
B 3
c h a n n
le d a s A
e n a b le
e n a b le
e n a b le
e ls
N 0
d a
d a
d a
- a ll o ff
s A N 0 ~ A N 1
s A N 0 ~ A N 2
s A N 0 ~ A N 3
E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n fla g
1 : n o t e n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n - A /D c o n v e r s io n w a itin g o r in p r o g r e s s
0 : e n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n - A /D c o n v e r s io n e n d e d
S ta r t th e A /D c o n v e r s io n
0 ® 1 ® 0 : S ta rt
0 ® 1 : R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r a n d s e t E O C B to "1 "
A/D Converter Control Register
b 7
T E S T
b 0
A D C S 1 A D C S 0
A C S R
R e g is te r
S e le c t A /D c o n v e r te r c
A D C S 1
A D C S 0
0
0
: s
: s
0
1
1
0
: s
1
1
: u
lo c k s o u r c e
y s
y s
y s
n d
te
te
te
e
m
c lo c k /2
c lo c k /8
c lo c k /3 2
fin e d
m
m
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
F o r te s t m o d e u s e o n ly
A/D Converter Clock Source Register
Rev. 1.41
28
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HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
A/D Clock Period (tAD)
fSYS
ADCS1, ADCS0=00
(fSYS/2)
ADCS1, ADCS0=01
(fSYS/8)
ADCS1, ADCS0=10
(fSYS/32)
ADCS1, ADCS0=11
1MHz
2ms
8ms
32ms
Undefined
2MHz
1ms
4ms
16ms
Undefined
4MHz
500ns*
2ms
8ms
Undefined
8MHz
250ns*
1ms
4ms
Undefined
A/D Clock Period Examples
A/D Input Pins
· Step 1
Select the required A/D conversion clock by correctly
programming bits ADCS1 and ADCS0 in the ACSR
register.
All of the A/D analog input pins are pin-shared with the
I/O pins on Port B. Bits PCR2~PCR0 in the ADCR register, not configuration options, determine whether the input pins are setup as normal Port B input/output pins or
whether they are setup as analog inputs. In this way, pins
can be changed under program control to change their
function from normal I/O operation to analog inputs and
vice versa. Pull-high resistors, which are setup through
configuration options, apply to the input pins only when
they are used as normal I/O pins, if setup as A/D inputs
the pull-high resistors will be automatically disconnected.
Note that it is not necessary to first setup the A/D pin as
an input in the PBC port control register to enable the A/D
input, when the PCR2~PCR0 bits enable an A/D input,
the status of the port control register will be overridden.
The VDD power supply pin is used as the A/D converter
reference voltage, and as such analog inputs must not be
allowed to exceed this value. Appropriate measures
should also be taken to ensure that the VDD pin remains
as stable and noise free as possible.
· Step 2
Select which channel is to be connected to the internal
A/D converter by correctly programming the
ACS2~ACS0 bits which are also contained in the
ADCR register.
· Step 3
Select which pins on Port B are to be used as A/D inputs and configure them as A/D input pins by correctly
programming the PCR2~PCR0 bits in the ADCR register. Note that this step can be combined with Step 2
into a single ADCR register programming operation.
· Step 4
If the interrupts are to be used, the interrupt control
registers must be correctly configured to ensure the
A/D converter interrupt function is active. The master
interrupt control bit, EMI, in the INTC interrupt control
register must be set to ²1² and the A/D converter interrupt bit, EADI, in the INTC register must also be set to
²1².
Initialising the A/D Converter
· Step 5
The internal A/D converter must be initialised in a special way. Each time the Port B A/D channel selection bits
are modified by the program, the A/D converter must be
re-initialised. If the A/D converter is not initialised after
the channel selection bits are changed, the EOCB flag
may have an undefined value, which may produce a
false end of conversion signal. To initialise the A/D converter after the channel selection bits have changed,
then, within a time frame of one to ten instruction cycles,
the START bit in the ADCR register must first be set high
and then immediately cleared to zero. This will ensure
that the EOCB flag is correctly set to a high condition.
The analog to digital conversion process can now be
initialised by setting the START bit in the ADCR register from ²0² to ²1² and then to ²0² again. Note that this
bit should have been originally set to ²0².
· Step 6
To check when the analog to digital conversion process is complete, the EOCB bit in the ADCR register
can be polled. The conversion process is complete
when this bit goes low. When this occurs the A/D data
registers ADRL and ADRH can be read to obtain the
conversion value. As an alternative method if the interrupts are enabled and the stack is not full, the program can wait for an A/D interrupt to occur.
Summary of A/D Conversion Steps
Note:
The following summarizes the individual steps that
should be executed in order to implement an A/D conversion process.
Rev. 1.41
29
When checking for the end of the conversion
process, if the method of polling the EOCB bit in
the ADCR register is used, the interrupt enable
step above can be omitted.
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
The following timing diagram shows graphically the various stages involved in an analog to digital conversion process
and its associated timing.
S T A R T b it s e t h ig h w ith in o n e to te n in s tr u c tio n c y c le s a fte r th e P C R 0 ~ P C R 2 b its c h a n g e s ta te
S T A R T
A /D
E O C B
s a m p lin g tim e
3 2 tA
P C R 2 ~
P C R 0
A /D
s a m p lin g tim e
3 2 tA
D
0 0 0 B
A /D
s a m p lin g tim e
3 2 tA
D
0 1 1 B
D
1 0 0 B
0 0 0 B
1 . P B p o rt s e tu p a s I/O s
2 . A /D c o n v e r te r is p o w e r e d o ff
to r e d u c e p o w e r c o n s u m p tio n
A C S 2 ~
A C S 0
0 0 0 B
P o w e r-o n
R e s e t
0 1 0 B
0 0 0 B
0 0 1 B
S ta rt o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
S ta rt o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
S ta rt o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
R e s e t A /D
c o n v e rte r
R e s e t A /D
c o n v e rte r
E n d o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
1 : D e fin e P B c o n fig u r a tio n
2 : S e le c t a n a lo g c h a n n e l
tA
N o te :
A /D
c lo c k m u s t b e fS
Y S
/2 , fS
Y S
R e s e t A /D
c o n v e rte r
E n d o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
tA
D C
A /D c o n v e r s io n tim e
/8 o r fS
Y S
D o n 't c a r e
A /D
E n d o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
tA
D C
c o n v e r s io n tim e
A /D
D C
c o n v e r s io n tim e
/3 2
A/D Conversion Timing
Programming Considerations
The setting up and operation of the A/D converter function is fully under the control of the application program as
there are no configuration options associated with the
A/D converter. After an A/D conversion process has been
initiated by the application program, the microcontroller
internal hardware will begin to carry out the conversion,
during which time the program can continue with other
functions. The time taken for the A/D conversion is dependent upon the device chosen and is a function of the
A/D clock period tAD as shown in the table.
Device
When programming, special attention must be given to
the A/D channel selection bits in the ADCR register. If
these bits are all cleared to zero no external pins will be
selected for use as A/D input pins allowing the pins to be
used as normal I/O pins. When this happens the power
supplied to the internal A/D circuitry will be reduced resulting in a reduction of supply current. This ability to reduce power by turning off the internal A/D function by
clearing the A/D channel selection bits may be an important consideration in battery powered applications.
A/D Conversion Time
HT46R46
64tAD
Other Devices
76tAD
Another important programming consideration is that
when the A/D channel selection bits change value the
A/D converter must be re-initialised. This is achieved by
pulsing the START bit in the ADCR register immediately
after the channel selection bits have changed state. The
exception to this is where the channel selection bits are
all cleared, in which case the A/D converter is not required to be re-initialised.
A/D Conversion Time
Rev. 1.41
30
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
A/D Programming Example
The following two programming examples illustrate how to setup and implement an A/D conversion. In the first example, the method of polling the EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to detect when the conversion cycle is complete,
whereas in the second example, the A/D interrupt is used to determine when the conversion is complete.
Example: using an EOCB polling method to detect the end of conversion for the HT46R46
clr EADI
; disable ADC interrupt
mov a,00000001B
mov ACSR,a
; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as
; the A/D clock
mov a,00100000B
; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3
; as A/D inputs
mov ADCR,a
; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D
; converter
:
:
; As the Port B channel bits have changed the
; following START
; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10
; instruction cycles
:
Start_conversion:
clr START
set START
; reset A/D
clr START
; start A/D
Polling_EOC:
sz
EOCB
; poll the ADCR register EOCB bit to detect end
; of A/D conversion
jmp polling_EOC
; continue polling
mov a,ADR
; read conversion result value from the ADR
; register
mov adr_buffer,a
; save result to user defined memory
:
:
jmp start_conversion
; start next A/D conversion
Rev. 1.41
31
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Example: using an interrupt method to detect the end of conversion for the HT46R46
clr EADI
; disable ADC interrupt
mov a,00000001B
mov ACSR,a
; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as
; the A/D clock
mov
a,00100000B
mov
ADCR,a
;
;
;
;
setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3
as A/D inputs
and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D
converter
;
;
;
;
As the Port B channel bits have changed the
following START
signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10
instruction cycles
;
;
;
;
;
reset A/D
start A/D
clear ADC interrupt request flag
enable ADC interrupt
enable global interrupt
:
:
Start_conversion:
clr START
set START
clr START
clr ADF
set EADI
set EMI
:
:
:
; ADC interrupt service routine
ADC_ISR:
mov acc_stack,a
mov a,STATUS
mov status_stack,a
:
:
mov a,ADR
mov
adr_buffer,a
:
:
EXIT_INT_ISR:
mov a,status_stack
mov STATUS,a
mov a,acc_stack
reti
Rev. 1.41
; save ACC to user defined memory
; save STATUS to user defined memory
; read conversion result value from the ADR
; register
; save result to user defined register
; restore STATUS from user defined memory
; restore ACC from user defined memory
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December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
A/D Transfer Function
transfer function between the analog input value and the
digitised output value for the A/D converters.
As the HT46R46 device contain an 8-bit A/D converter,
their full-scale converted digitized value is equal to
0FFH. Since the full-scale analog input value is equal to
the voltage, this gives a single bit analog input value of
VDD/256. For the other devices which each contain a
9-bit A/D converter, their full-scale converted digitised
value is equal to 1FFH giving a single bit analog input
value of VDD/512. The following graphs show the ideal
Note that to reduce the quantisation error, a 0.5 LSB offset is added to the A/D Converter input. Except for the
digitised zero value, the subsequent digitised values will
change at a point 0.5 LSB below where they would
change without the offset, and the last full scale digitised
value will change at a point 1.5 LSB below the VDD level.
1 .5 L S B
F F H
F E H
F D H
A /D C o n v e r s io n
R e s u lt
0 .5 L S B
0 3 H
0 2 H
0 1 H
1
0
2
3
2 5 3 2 5 4
A n a lo g In p u t V o lta g e
2 5 5
V
(
2 5 6
D D
)
D D
)
2 5 6
Ideal A/D Transfer Function - HT46R46
1 .5 L S B
1 F F H
1 F E H
1 F D H
A /D C o n v e r s io n
R e s u lt
0 .5 L S B
0 3 H
0 2 H
0 1 H
0
1
2
3
5 0 9 5 1 0
A n a lo g In p u t V o lta g e
5 1 1
5 1 2
(
V
5 1 2
Ideal A/D Transfer Function - Other Devices
Rev. 1.41
33
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Interrupts
Counter, which stores the address of the next instruction
to be executed, will be transferred onto the stack. The
Program Counter will then be loaded with a new address which will be the value of the corresponding interrupt vector. The microcontroller will then fetch its next
instruction from this interrupt vector. The instruction at
this vector will usually be a JMP statement which will
jump to another section of program which is known as
the interrupt service routine. Here is located the code to
control the appropriate interrupt. The interrupt service
routine must be terminated with a RETI statement,
which retrieves the original Program Counter address
from the stack and allows the microcontroller to continue
with normal execution at the point where the interrupt
occurred.
Interrupts are an important part of any microcontroller
system. When an external event or an internal function
such as a Timer/Event Counter or an A/D converter requires microcontroller attention, their corresponding interrupt will enforce a temporary suspension of the main
program allowing the microcontroller to direct attention
to their respective needs. Each device in this series contains a single external interrupt and two internal interrupts functions. The external interrupt is controlled by
the action of the external INT pin, while the internal interrupts are controlled by the Timer/Event Counter overflow and the A/D converter interrupt.
Interrupt Register
Overall interrupt control, which means interrupt enabling
and request flag setting, is controlled by a single INTC
register, which is located in Data Memory. By controlling
the appropriate enable bits in this register each individual interrupt can be enabled or disabled. Also when an
interrupt occurs, the corresponding request flag will be
set by the microcontroller. The global enable flag if
cleared to zero will disable all interrupts.
The various interrupt enable bits, together with their associated request flags, are shown in the following diagram with their order of priority.
Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked, as the EMI bit will be cleared automatically. This will prevent any further interrupt nesting
from occurring. However, if other interrupt requests occur during this interval, although the interrupt will not be
immediately serviced, the request flag will still be recorded. If an interrupt requires immediate servicing
while the program is already in another interrupt service
routine, the EMI bit should be set after entering the routine, to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the
Interrupt Operation
A Timer/Event Counter overflow, an end of A/D conversion or the external interrupt line being pulled low will all
generate an interrupt request by setting their corresponding request flag, if their appropriate interrupt enable bit is set. When this happens, the Program
b 7
b 0
A D F
T F
E IF
E A D I
E T I
E E I
E M I
IN T C R e g is te r
M a s te r In te r r u p t G lo b a l E n a b le
1 : g lo b a l e n a b le
0 : g lo b a l d is a b le
E x te r n a l In te r r u p t E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r In te r r u p t E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
A /D C o n v e r te r In te r r u p t E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
E x te r n a l In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
A /D C o n v e r te r In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
F o r te s t m o d e u s e o n ly .
M u s t b e w r itte n a s " 0 " o th e r w is e m a y
r e s u lt in u n p r e d ic ta b le o p e r a tio n
Interrupt Control Register
Rev. 1.41
34
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
A u to m a tic a lly C le a r e d b y IS R
M a n u a lly S e t o r C le a r e d b y S o ftw a r e
A u to m a tic a lly D is a b le d b y IS R
C a n b e E n a b le d M a n u a lly
P r io r ity
E x te rn a l In te rru p t
R e q u e s t F la g E IF
E E I
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g T F
E T I
A /D C o n v e rte r
In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g A D F
E M I
H ig h
In te rru p t
P o llin g
E A D I
L o w
Interrupt Structure
Timer/Event Counter Interrupt
related interrupt is enabled, until the Stack Pointer is
decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack
must be prevented from becoming full.
For a Timer/Event Counter interrupt to occur, the global
interrupt enable bit, EMI, and the corresponding timer
interrupt enable bit, ETI, must first be set. An actual
Timer/Event Counter interrupt will take place when the
Timer/Event Counter request flag, TF, is set, a situation
that will occur when the Timer/Event Counter overflows.
When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and a
Timer/Event Counter overflow occurs, a subroutine call
to the timer interrupt vector at location 08H, will take
place. When the interrupt is serviced, the timer interrupt
request flag, TF, will be automatically reset and the EMI
bit will be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
Interrupt Priority
Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising
edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on
the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In case of simultaneous requests,
the following table shows the priority that is applied.
These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit.
Interrupt Source
All Devices Priority
External Interrupt
1
Timer/Event Counter Overflow
2
A/D Converter Interrupt
3
A/D Interrupt
For an A/D interrupt to occur, the global interrupt enable
bit, EMI, and the corresponding interrupt enable bit,
EADI, must be first set. An actual A/D interrupt will take
place when the A/D converter request flag, ADF, is set, a
situation that will occur when an A/D conversion process
has completed. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack
is not full and an A/D conversion process finishes execution, a subroutine call to the A/D interrupt vector at location 0CH, will take place. When the interrupt is
serviced, the A/D interrupt request flag, ADF, will be automatically reset and the EMI bit will be automatically
cleared to disable other interrupts.
In cases where both external and internal interrupts are
enabled and where an external and internal interrupt occurs simultaneously, the external interrupt will always
have priority and will therefore be serviced first. Suitable
masking of the individual interrupts using the INTC register can prevent simultaneous occurrences.
External Interrupt
For an external interrupt to occur, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI, and external interrupt enable bit, EEI, must
first be set. An actual external interrupt will take place
when the external interrupt request flag, EIF, is set, a situation that will occur when a high to low transition appears
on the INT line. The external interrupt pin is pin-shared
with the I/O pin PA5 and can only be configured as an external interrupt pin if the corresponding external interrupt
enable bit in the INTC register has been set. The pin must
also be setup as an input by setting the corresponding
PAC.5 bit in the port control register. When the interrupt is
enabled, the stack is not full and a high to low transition
appears on the external interrupt pin, a subroutine call to
the external interrupt vector at location 04H, will take
place. When the interrupt is serviced, the external interrupt request flag, EIF, will be automatically reset and the
EMI bit will be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts. Note that any pull-high resistor configuration options on this pin will remain valid even if the pin is used as
an external interrupt input.
Rev. 1.41
Programming Considerations
By disabling the interrupt enable bits, a requested interrupt can be prevented from being serviced, however,
once an interrupt request flag is set, it will remain in this
condition in the INTC register until the corresponding interrupt is serviced or until the request flag is cleared by a
software instruction.
It is recommended that programs do not use the ²CALL
subroutine² instruction within the interrupt subroutine.
Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or
need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If
only one stack is left and the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged
once a ²CALL subroutine² is executed in the interrupt
subroutine.
35
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Although the microcontroller has an internal RC reset
function, if the VDD power supply rise time is not fast
enough or does not stabilise quickly at power-on, the
internal reset function may be incapable of providing
proper reset operation. For this reason it is recommended that an external RC network is connected to
the RES pin, whose additional time delay will ensure
that the RES pin remains low for an extended period
to allow the power supply to stabilise. During this time
delay, normal operation of the microcontroller will be
inhibited. After the RES line reaches a certain voltage
value, the reset delay time tRSTD is invoked to provide
an extra delay time after which the microcontroller will
begin normal operation. The abbreviation SST in the
figures stands for System Start-up Timer.
All of these interrupts have the capability of waking up
the processor when in the Power Down Mode.
Only the Program Counter is pushed onto the stack. If
the contents of the register or status register are altered
by the interrupt service program, which may corrupt the
desired control sequence, then the contents should be
saved in advance.
Reset and Initialisation
A reset function is a fundamental part of any
microcontroller ensuring that the device can be set to
some predetermined condition irrespective of outside
parameters. The most important reset condition is after
power is first applied to the microcontroller. In this case,
internal circuitry will ensure that the microcontroller, after a short delay, will be in a well defined state and ready
to execute the first program instruction. After this
power-on reset, certain important internal registers will
be set to defined states before the program commences. One of these registers is the Program Counter,
which will be reset to zero forcing the microcontroller to
begin program execution from the lowest Program
Memory address.
V D D
0 .9 V
R E S
tR
S T D
S S T T im e - o u t
In te rn a l R e s e t
Power-On Reset Timing Chart
For most applications a resistor connected between
VDD and the RES pin and a capacitor connected between VSS and the RES pin will provide a suitable external reset circuit. Any wiring connected to the RES
pin should be kept as short as possible to minimise
any stray noise interference.
In addition to the power-on reset, situations may arise
where it is necessary to forcefully apply a reset condition
when the microcontroller is running. One example of this
is where after power has been applied and the
microcontroller is already running, the RES line is forcefully pulled low. In such a case, known as a normal operation reset, some of the microcontroller registers remain
unchanged allowing the microcontroller to proceed with
normal operation after the reset line is allowed to return
high. Another type of reset is when the Watchdog Timer
overflows and resets the microcontroller. All types of reset operations result in different register conditions being setup.
V D D
1 0 0 k W
R E S
0 .1 m F
V S S
Basic Reset Circuit
For applications that operate within an environment
where more noise is present the Enhanced Reset Circuit shown is recommended.
Another reset exists in the form of a Low Voltage Reset,
LVR, where a full reset, similar to the RES reset is implemented in situations where the power supply voltage
falls below a certain threshold.
0 .0 1 m F
V D D
1 0 0 k W
Reset Functions
R E S
1 0 k W
There are five ways in which a microcontroller reset can
occur, through events occurring both internally and externally:
0 .1 m F
V S S
· Power-on Reset
Enhanced Reset Circuit
The most fundamental and unavoidable reset is the
one that occurs after power is first applied to the
microcontroller. As well as ensuring that the Program
Memory begins execution from the first memory address, a power-on reset also ensures that certain
other registers are preset to known conditions. All the
I/O port and port control registers will power up in a
high condition ensuring that all pins will be first set to
inputs.
Rev. 1.41
D D
More information regarding external reset circuits is
located in Application Note HA0075E on the Holtek
website.
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December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
· RES Pin Reset
W D T T im e - o u t
tS
This type of reset occurs when the microcontroller is
already running and the RES pin is forcefully pulled
low by external hardware such as an external switch.
In this case as in the case of other reset, the Program
Counter will reset to zero and program execution initiated from this point.
R E S
0 .4 V
0 .9 V
WDT Time-out Reset during Power Down
Timing Chart
D D
Reset Initial Conditions
D D
tR
S T D
The different types of reset described affect the reset
flags in different ways. These flags, known as PDF and
TO are located in the status register and are controlled
by various microcontroller operations, such as the
Power Down function or Watchdog Timer. The reset
flags are shown in the table:
S S T T im e - o u t
In te rn a l R e s e t
RES Reset Timing Chart
· Low Voltage Reset - LVR
TO PDF
The microcontroller contains a low voltage reset circuit
in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device,
which is selected via a configuration option. If the supply
voltage of the device drops to within a range of
0.9V~VLVR such as might occur when changing the battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. The LVR includes the following specifications: For
a valid LVR signal, a low voltage, i.e., a voltage in the
range between 0.9V~VLVR must exist for greater than the
value tLVR specified in the A.C. characteristics. If the low
voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it
and will not perform a reset function.
0
RES reset during power-on
u
u
RES or LVR reset during normal operation
1
u
WDT time-out reset during normal operation
1
1
WDT time-out reset during Power Down
Note: ²u² stands for unchanged
The following table indicates the way in which the various components of the microcontroller are affected after
a power-on reset occurs.
Item
S T D
S S T T im e - o u t
In te rn a l R e s e t
Low Voltage Reset Timing Chart
· Watchdog Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
The Watchdog time-out Reset during normal operation is the same as a hardware RES pin reset except
that the Watchdog time-out flag TO will be set to ²1².
Condition After RESET
Program Counter
Reset to zero
Interrupts
All interrupts will be disabled
WDT
Clear after reset, WDT begins
counting
Timer/Event
Counter
Timer Counter will be turned off
Prescaler
The Timer Counter Prescaler will
be cleared
Input/Output Ports I/O ports will be setup as inputs
W D T T im e - o u t
tR
S T D
Stack Pointer
S S T T im e - o u t
In te rn a l R e s e t
Stack Pointer will point to the top
of the stack
The different kinds of resets all affect the internal registers of the microcontroller in different ways. To ensure
reliable continuation of normal program execution after
a reset occurs, it is important to know what condition the
microcontroller is in after a particular reset occurs. The
following table describes how each type of reset affects
each of the microcontroller internal registers. Note that
where more than one package type exists the table will
reflect the situation for the larger package type.
WDT Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
Timing Chart
· Watchdog Time-out Reset during Power Down
The Watchdog time-out Reset during Power Down is
a little different from other kinds of reset. Most of the
conditions remain unchanged except that the Program Counter and the Stack Pointer will be cleared to
²0² and the TO flag will be set to ²1². Refer to the A.C.
Characteristics for tSST details.
Rev. 1.41
RESET Conditions
0
L V R
tR
S T
S S T T im e - o u t
37
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
HT46R46
Reset
(Power-on)
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
(Normal Operation)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)
MP
1xxx xxxx
1uuu uuuu
1uuu uuuu
1uuu uuuu
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
PCL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLH
--xx xxxx
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
--uu uuuu
--1u uuuu
--11 uuuu
INTC
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
TMR
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMRC
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
uu-u uuuu
PA
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PAC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PB
----
1111
----
1111
----
1111
----
uuuu
PBC
----
1111
----
1111
----
1111
----
uuuu
PD
----
---1
----
---1
----
---1
----
---u
PDC
----
---1
----
---1
----
---1
----
---u
Register
PWM
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
ADR
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
ADCR
0100 0000
0100 0000
0100 0000
uuuu uuuu
ACSR
1---
1---
1---
u---
--00
--00
--00
--uu
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Rev. 1.41
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December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
HT46R47
Reset
(Power-on)
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
(Normal Operation)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)
MP
1xxx xxxx
1uuu uuuu
1uuu uuuu
1uuu uuuu
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
PCL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLH
--xx xxxx
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
--uu uuuu
--1u uuuu
--11 uuuu
INTC
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
TMR
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMRC
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
uu-u uuuu
PA
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PAC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PB
----
1111
----
1111
----
1111
----
uuuu
PBC
----
1111
----
1111
----
1111
----
uuuu
PD
----
---1
----
---1
----
---1
----
---u
PDC
----
---1
----
---1
----
---1
----
---u
Register
PWM
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
ADRL
x--- ----
x--- ----
x--- ----
u--- ----
ADRH
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
ADCR
0100 0000
0100 0000
0100 0000
uuuu uuuu
ACSR
1---
1---
1---
u---
--00
--00
--00
--uu
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Rev. 1.41
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HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
HT46R48A
Reset
(Power-on)
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
(Normal Operation)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)
MP
1xxx xxxx
1uuu uuuu
1uuu uuuu
1uuu uuuu
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
PCL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLH
--xx xxxx
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
--uu uuuu
--1u uuuu
--11 uuuu
INTC
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
TMR
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMRC
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
uu-u uuuu
PA
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PAC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PB
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PBC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PC
----
--11
----
--11
----
--11
----
--uu
PCC
----
--11
----
--11
----
--11
----
--uu
PD
----
---1
----
---1
----
---1
----
---u
PDC
----
---1
----
---1
----
---1
----
---u
Register
PWM
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
ADRL
x--- ----
x--- ----
x--- ----
u--- ----
ADRH
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
ADCR
0100 0000
0100 0000
0100 0000
uuuu uuuu
ACSR
1---
1---
1---
u---
--00
--00
--00
--uu
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Rev. 1.41
40
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
HT46R49
Reset
(Power-on)
RES or LVR
Reset
WDT Time-out
(Normal Operation)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)
MP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
PCL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLH
-xxx xxxx
-uuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
--uu uuuu
--1u uuuu
--11 uuuu
INTC
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
TMR
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMRC
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
uu-u uuuu
PA
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PAC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PB
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PBC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PC
---1 1111
---1 1111
---1 1111
---u uuuu
PCC
---1 1111
---1 1111
---1 1111
---u uuuu
PD
----
--11
----
--11
----
--11
----
--uu
PDC
----
--11
----
--11
----
--11
----
--uu
Register
PWM0
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
PWM1
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
ADRL
x--- ----
x--- ----
x--- ----
u--- ----
ADRH
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
ADCR
0100 0000
0100 0000
0100 0000
uuuu uuuu
ACSR
1---
1---
1---
u---
--00
--00
--00
--uu
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Rev. 1.41
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Oscillator
Various oscillator options offer the user a wide range of
functions according to their various application requirements. Two types of system clocks can be selected
while various clock source options for the Watchdog
Timer are provided for maximum flexibility. All oscillator
options are selected through the configuration options.
Crystal Frequency
The two methods of generating the system clock are:
Crystal Oscillator C1 and C2 Values
· External crystal/resonator oscillator
C1
C2
CL
8MHz
TBD
TBD
TBD
4MHz
TBD
TBD
TBD
1MHz
TBD
TBD
TBD
Note:
· External RC oscillator
One of these two methods must be selected using the
configuration options.
1. C1 and C2 values are for guidance only.
2. CL is the crystal manufacturer specified
load capacitor value.
Crystal Recommended Capacitor Values
More information regarding the oscillator is located in
Application Note HA0075E on the Holtek website.
Resonator C1 and C2 Values
External Crystal/Resonator Oscillator
Resonator Frequency
C1
C2
The simple connection of a crystal across OSC1 and
OSC2 will create the necessary phase shift and feedback for oscillation, and will normally not require external capacitors. However, for some crystals and most
resonator types, to ensure oscillation and accurate frequency generation, it may be necessary to add two
small value external capacitors, C1 and C2. The exact
3.58MHz
TBD
TBD
1MHz
TBD
TBD
455kHz
TBD
TBD
C 1
R f
C a
C b
C 2
External RC Oscillator
Using the external system RC oscillator requires that a
resistor, with a value between 24kW and 1MW, is connected between OSC1 and ground, and a capacitor is
connected to VDD. The generated system clock divided
by 4 will be provided on OSC2 as an output which can
be used for external synchronization purposes. Note
that as the OSC2 output is an NMOS open-drain type, a
pull high resistor should be connected if it to be used to
monitor the internal frequency. Although this is a cost effective oscillator configuration, the oscillation frequency
can vary with VDD, temperature and process variations
and is therefore not suitable for applications where timing is critical or where accurate oscillator frequencies
are required.For the value of the external resistor ROSC
refer to the Holtek website for typical RC Oscillator vs.
Temperature and VDD characteristics graphics. Note
that it is the only microcontroller internal circuitry together with the external resistor, that determine the frequency of the oscillator. The external capacitor shown
on the diagram does not influence the frequency of oscillation.
T o in te r n a l
c ir c u its
O S C 2
N o te : 1 . R p is n o r m a lly n o t r e q u ir e d .
2 . A lth o u g h n o t s h o w n O S C 1 /O S C 2 p in s h a v e a p a r a s itic
c a p a c ita n c e o f a r o u n d 7 p F .
Crystal/Resonator Oscillator
values of C1 and C2 should be selected in consultation
with the crystal or resonator manufacturer¢s specification. The external parallel feedback resistor, Rp, is normally not required but in some cases may be needed to
assist with oscillation start up.
Internal Ca, Cb, Rf Typical Values @ 5V, 25°C
Ca
Cb
Rf
11~13pF
13~15pF
470kW
C1 and C2 values are for guidance only.
Resonator Recommended Capacitor Values
In te r n a l
O s c illa to r
C ir c u it
O S C 1
R p
Note:
V
Oscillator Internal Component Values
D D
4 7 0 p F
O S C 1
R
fS
Y S
O S C
/4 N M O S O p e n D r a in
O S C 2
RC Oscillator
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Watchdog Timer Oscillator
power consumption is to be minimized. Special attention must be made to the I/O pins on the device. All
high-impedance input pins must be connected to either
a fixed high or low level as any floating input pins could
create internal oscillations and result in increased current consumption. This also applies to devices which
have different package types, as there may be
undonbed pins, which must either be setup as outputs
or if setup as inputs must have pull-high resistors
connected. Care must also be taken with the loads,
which are connected to I/O pins, which are setup as outputs. These should be placed in a condition in which
minimum current is drawn or connected only to external
circuits that do not draw current, such as other CMOS
inputs. Also note that additional standby current will also
be required if the configuration options have enabled the
Watchdog Timer internal oscillator.
The WDT oscillator is a fully integrated free running RC
oscillator with a typical period of 65ms at 5V, requiring no
external components. It is selected via configuration option. If selected, when the device enters the Power Down
Mode, the system clock will stop running, however the
WDT oscillator will continue to run and keep the watchdog function active. However, as the WDT will consume a
certain amount of power when in the Power Down Mode,
for low power applications, it may be desirable to disable
the WDT oscillator by configuration option.
Power Down Mode and Wake-up
Power Down Mode
All of the Holtek microcontrollers have the ability to enter
a Power Down Mode, also known as the HALT Mode or
Sleep Mode. When the device enters this mode, the normal operating current, will be reduced to an extremely
low standby current level. This occurs because when
the device enters the Power Down Mode, the system
oscillator is stopped which reduces the power consumption to extremely low levels, however, as the device
maintains its present internal condition, it can be woken
up at a later stage and continue running, without requiring a full reset. This feature is extremely important in application areas where the MCU must have its power
supply constantly maintained to keep the device in a
known condition but where the power supply capacity is
limited such as in battery applications.
Wake-up
After the system enters the Power Down Mode, it can be
woken up from one of various sources listed as follows:
· An external reset
· An external falling edge on Port A
· A system interrupt
· A WDT overflow
If the system is woken up by an external reset, the device will experience a full system reset, however, if the
device is woken up by a WDT overflow, a Watchdog
Timer reset will be initiated. Although both of these
wake-up methods will initiate a reset operation, the actual source of the wake-up can be determined by examining the TO and PDF flags. The PDF flag is cleared by a
system power-up or executing the clear Watchdog
Timer instructions and is set when executing the ²HALT²
instruction. The TO flag is set if a WDT time-out occurs,
and causes a wake-up that only resets the Program
Counter and Stack Pointer, the other flags remain in
their original status.
Entering the Power Down Mode
There is only one way for the device to enter the Power
Down Mode and that is to execute the ²HALT² instruction in the application program. When this instruction is
executed, the following will occur:
· The system oscillator will stop running and the appli-
cation program will stop at the ²HALT² instruction.
· The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain
Each pin on Port A can be setup via an individual configuration option to permit a negative transition on the pin
their present condition.
· The WDT will be cleared and resume counting if the
to wake-up the system. When a Port A pin wake-up occurs, the program will resume execution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction.
WDT clock source is selected to come from the WDT
oscillator. The WDT will stop if its clock source originates from the system clock.
· The I/O ports will maintain their present condition.
If the system is woken up by an interrupt, then two possible situations may occur. The first is where the related
interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the
stack is full, in which case the program will resume execution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction.
In this situation, the interrupt which woke-up the device
will not be immediately serviced, but will rather be serviced later when the related interrupt is finally enabled or
when a stack level becomes free. The other situation is
where the related interrupt is enabled and the stack is
not full, in which case the regular interrupt response
· In the status register, the Power Down flag, PDF, will
be set and the Watchdog time-out flag, TO, will be
cleared.
Standby Current Considerations
As the main reason for entering the Power Down Mode
is to keep the current consumption of the MCU to as low
a value as possible, perhaps only in the order of several
micro-amps, there are other considerations which must
also be taken into account by the circuit designer if the
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takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² before entering the Power Down Mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled.
only resets the last stage of the divider chain, for this
reason the actual division ratio and corresponding
Watchdog Timer time-out can vary by a factor of two.
The exact division ratio depends upon the residual value
in the Watchdog Timer counter before the clear instruction is executed. It is important to realise that as there
are no independent internal registers or configuration
options associated with the length of the Watchdog
Timer time-out, it is completely dependent upon the frequency of fSYS/4 or the internal WDT oscillator.
No matter what the source of the wake-up event is, once
a wake-up situation occurs, a time period equal to 1024
system clock periods will be required before normal system operation resumes. However, if the wake-up has
originated due to an interrupt, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by an additional one or
more cycles. If the wake-up results in the execution of
the next instruction following the ²HALT² instruction, this
will be executed immediately after the 1024 system
clock period delay has ended.
If the fSYS/4 clock is used as the WDT clock source, it
should be noted that when the system enters the Power
Down Mode, then the instruction clock is stopped and
the WDT will lose its protecting purposes. For systems
that operate in noisy environments, using the internal
WDT oscillator is strongly recommended.
Watchdog Timer
The Watchdog Timer is provided to prevent program malfunctions or sequences from jumping to unknown locations, due to certain uncontrollable external events such
as electrical noise. It operates by providing a device reset
when the WDT counter overflows. The WDT clock is supplied by one of two sources selected by configuration option: its own self contained dedicated internal WDT
oscillator or fSYS/4. Note that if the WDT configuration option has been disabled, then any instruction relating to its
operation will result in no operation.
Under normal program operation, a WDT time-out will
initialise a device reset and set the status bit TO. However, if the system is in the Power Down Mode, when a
WDT time-out occurs, the TO bit in the status register
will be set and only the Program Counter and Stack
Pointer will be reset. Three methods can be adopted to
clear the contents of the WDT. The first is an external
hardware reset, which means a low level on the RES
pin, the second is using the watchdog software instructions and the third is via a ²HALT² instruction.
I n t h e C o s t - E ff e c t i v e A / D Ty p e s e r i e s o f
microcontrollers, all Watchdog Timer options, such as
enable/disable, WDT clock source and clear instruction
type all selected through configuration options. There
are no internal registers associated with the WDT in the
Cost-Effective A/D Type MCU series. One of the WDT
clock sources is an internal oscillator which has an approximate period of 65ms at a supply voltage of 5V. However, it should be noted that this specified internal clock
period can vary with VDD, temperature and process
variations. The other WDT clock source option is the
fSYS/4 clock. Whether the WDT clock source is its own
internal WDT oscillator, or from fSYS/4, it is further divided by 16 via an internal 15-bit counter and a clearable
single bit counter to give longer Watchdog time-outs. As
this ratio is fixed it gives an overall Watchdog Timer
time-out value of 215/fS to 216/fS. As the clear instruction
C L R
W D T 1 F la g
C L R W D T 2 F la g
There are two methods of using software instructions to
clear the Watchdog Timer, one of which must be chosen
by configuration option. The first option is to use the single ²CLR WDT² instruction while the second is to use the
two commands ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². For the
first option, a simple execution of ²CLR WDT² will clear
the WDT while for the second option, both ²CLR WDT1²
and ²CLR WDT2² must both be executed to successfully
clear the WDT. Note that for this second option, if ²CLR
WDT1² is used to clear the WDT, successive executions
of this instruction will have no effect, only the execution of
a ²CLR WDT2² instruction will clear the WDT. Similarly
after the ²CLR WDT2² instruction has been executed,
only a successive ²CLR WDT1² instruction can clear the
Watchdog Timer.
C le a r W D T T y p e
C o n fig u r a tio n O p tio n
1 o r 2 In s tr u c tio n s
fS
Y S
/4
W D T O s c illa to r
W D T C lo c k S o u r c e
C o n fig u r a tio n
O p tio n
fS
C L R
1 5 - b it C o u n te r
¸
2
2
W D T T im e - o u t
1 5 / f
S ~ 2 1 6 /fS
W D T C lo c k S o u r c e
Watchdog Timer
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Configuration Options
Configuration options refer to certain options within the MCU that are programmed into the device during the programming process. During the development process, these options are selected using the HT-IDE software development
tools. As these options are programmed into the device using the hardware programming tools, once they are selected
they cannot be changed later as the application software has no control over the configuration options. All options must
be defined for proper system function, the details of which are shown in the table.
No.
Options
1
Watchdog Timer clock source: WDT oscillator or fSYS/4
2
Watchdog Timer function: enable or disable
3
CLRWDT instructions: 1 or 2 instructions
4
System oscillator: Crystal or RC
5
PA, PB and PD: pull-high enable or disable
PC: pull-high enable or disable - HT46R48A and HT46R49 only
6
PWM: enable or disable - Except HT46R49
PWM0, PWM1: enable or disable - HT46R49 only
7
PA0~PA7: wake-up enable or disable - bit option
8
PFD: normal I/O or PFD output
9
LVR function: enable or disable
Application Circuits
V
D D
V D D
R e s e t
C ir c u it
1 0 0 k W
0 .1 m F
P A 0 ~ P A 2
P A 3 /P F D
P A 4 /T M R
R E S
P A 5 /IN T
0 .1 m F
P A 6 ~ P A 7
P B 0 /A N 0 ~ P B 3 /A N 3
P B 4 ~ P B 7
V S S
P C 0 ~ P C 1
O S C
C ir c u it
O S C 1
O S C 2
P C 2 ~ P C 4
P D 0 /P W M
S e e O s c illa to r
S e c tio n
Rev. 1.41
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Instruction Set
arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to
ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when
results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions
INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of
increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values
in the destination specified.
Introduction
Central to the successful operation of any
microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to
perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek
microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of
over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers
to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads.
Logical and Rotate Operations
The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR
and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most
instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass
through the Accumulator which may involve additional
programming steps. In all logical data operations, the
zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero.
Another form of logical data manipulation comes from
the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC
which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or
left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for
serial port programming applications where data can be
rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from
where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit
set high or low. Another application where rotate data
operations are used is to implement multiplication and
division calculations.
For easier understanding of the various instruction
codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings.
Instruction Timing
Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are
required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system
clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system
oscillator, most instructions would be implemented
within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited
to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions
which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low
register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the
PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one
more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the
case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then
this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved
then only one cycle is required.
Branches and Control Transfer
Program branching takes the form of either jumps to
specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the
sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program
must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a
return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause
the program to jump back to the address right after the
CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the
program simply jumps to the desired location. There is
no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off
point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special
and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the
conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program
will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and
jump to the following instruction. These instructions are
the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits.
Moving and Transferring Data
The transfer of data within the microcontroller program
is one of the most frequently used operations. Making
use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be
transferred from registers to the Accumulator and
vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most
important data transfer applications is to receive data
from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports.
Arithmetic Operations
The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and
data manipulation is a necessary feature of most
microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and
subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary
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Bit Operations
Other Operations
The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek
microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for
output port bit programming where individual bits or port
pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET
[m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the
8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure
that other bits are not changed and then output the port
with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used.
In addition to the above functional instructions, a range
of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to
control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable
program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations,
refer to the functional related sections.
Instruction Set Summary
The following table depicts a summary of the instruction
set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions.
Table Read Operations
Table conventions:
Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of
fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an
area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where
data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be
referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory.
Mnemonic
x: Bits immediate data
m: Data Memory address
A: Accumulator
i: 0~7 number of bits
addr: Program memory address
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1Note
1Note
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
C
1
1
1
1Note
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
1Note
1
1Note
Z
Z
Z
Z
Arithmetic
ADD A,[m]
ADDM A,[m]
ADD A,x
ADC A,[m]
ADCM A,[m]
SUB A,x
SUB A,[m]
SUBM A,[m]
SBC A,[m]
SBCM A,[m]
DAA [m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Add ACC to Data Memory
Add immediate data to ACC
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Add ACC to Data memory with Carry
Subtract immediate data from the ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory
Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory
Logic Operation
AND A,[m]
OR A,[m]
XOR A,[m]
ANDM A,[m]
ORM A,[m]
XORM A,[m]
AND A,x
OR A,x
XOR A,x
CPL [m]
CPLA [m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Logical AND immediate Data to ACC
Logical OR immediate Data to ACC
Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC
Complement Data Memory
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment & Decrement
INCA [m]
INC [m]
DECA [m]
DEC [m]
Rev. 1.41
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment Data Memory
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Decrement Data Memory
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Mnemonic
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
None
None
C
C
None
None
C
C
Move Data Memory to ACC
Move ACC to Data Memory
Move immediate data to ACC
1
1Note
1
None
None
None
Clear bit of Data Memory
Set bit of Data Memory
1Note
1Note
None
None
Jump unconditionally
Skip if Data Memory is zero
Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Return from interrupt
2
1Note
1note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
2
2
2
2
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
2Note
2Note
None
None
No operation
Clear Data Memory
Set Data Memory
Clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Enter power down mode
1
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
1
None
None
None
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
None
None
TO, PDF
Rotate
RRA [m]
RR [m]
RRCA [m]
RRC [m]
RLA [m]
RL [m]
RLCA [m]
RLC [m]
Data Move
MOV A,[m]
MOV [m],A
MOV A,x
Bit Operation
CLR [m].i
SET [m].i
Branch
JMP addr
SZ [m]
SZA [m]
SZ [m].i
SNZ [m].i
SIZ [m]
SDZ [m]
SIZA [m]
SDZA [m]
CALL addr
RET
RET A,x
RETI
Table Read
TABRDC [m]
TABRDL [m]
Miscellaneous
NOP
CLR [m]
SET [m]
CLR WDT
CLR WDT1
CLR WDT2
SWAP [m]
SWAPA [m]
HALT
Note:
1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required,
if no skip takes place only one cycle is required.
2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution.
3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by
the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and
²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags
remain unchanged.
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Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADCM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,x
Add immediate data to ACC
Description
The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADDM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
AND A,[m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
AND A,x
Logical AND immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ANDM A,[m]
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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CALL addr
Subroutine call
Description
Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the
stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this
new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m]
Clear Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m] ¬ 00H
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m].i
Clear bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR WDT
Clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT1
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT2
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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CPL [m]
Complement Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
CPLA [m]
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result
is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
DAA [m]
Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory
Description
Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or
if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble
remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of
6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C
flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is
greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + 00H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 06H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 60H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 66H
Affected flag(s)
C
DEC [m]
Decrement Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
DECA [m]
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
HALT
Enter power down mode
Description
This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents
of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The
power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared.
Operation
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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INC [m]
Increment Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
INCA [m]
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
JMP addr
Jump unconditionally
Description
The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program
execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy
instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,[m]
Move Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,x
Move immediate data to ACC
Description
The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV [m],A
Move ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC
Affected flag(s)
None
NOP
No operation
Description
No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.
Operation
No operation
Affected flag(s)
None
OR A,[m]
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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OR A,x
Logical OR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ORM A,[m]
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
RET
Return from subroutine
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
Affected flag(s)
None
RET A,x
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the
specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
RETI
Return from interrupt
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending
when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
EMI ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
RL [m]
Rotate Data Memory left
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
RLA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
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RLC [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RLCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces
the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in
the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RR [m]
Rotate Data Memory right
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into
bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data
Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRC [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
RRCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is
stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
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SBC A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result
of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or
zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SBCM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is
positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SDZ [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SDZA [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m]
Set Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ FFH
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m].i
Set bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
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SIZ [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SIZA [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SNZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i ¹ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SUB A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUBM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUB A,x
Subtract immediate data from ACC
Description
The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will
be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
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SWAP [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.
Operation
[m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4
Affected flag(s)
None
SWAPA [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The
result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4
ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0
Description
If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As
this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a
two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZA [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is
zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the
program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDC [m]
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDL [m]
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.41
57
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
XOR A,[m]
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XORM A,[m]
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XOR A,x
Logical XOR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.41
58
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Package Information
16-pin NSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
1 6
A
9
B
8
1
C
C '
G
H
D
E
a
F
· MS-012
Symbol
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
228
¾
244
B
150
¾
157
C
12
¾
20
C¢
386
¾
394
D
¾
¾
69
E
¾
50
¾
F
4
¾
10
G
16
¾
50
H
7
¾
10
a
0°
¾
8°
59
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
18-pin DIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
A
A
B
1 8
1 0
1
9
B
1 8
1 0
1
9
H
H
C
C
D
D
E
G
E
I
I
G
F
F
Fig1. Full Lead Packages
Fig2. 1/2 Lead Packages
· MS-001d (see fig1)
Symbol
A
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
880
¾
920
B
240
¾
280
C
115
¾
195
D
115
¾
150
E
14
¾
22
F
45
¾
70
G
¾
100
¾
H
300
¾
325
I
¾
¾
430
· MS-001d (see fig1)
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
845
¾
880
B
240
¾
280
C
115
¾
195
D
115
¾
150
E
14
¾
22
70
F
45
¾
G
¾
100
¾
H
300
¾
325
I
¾
¾
430
60
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
· MO-095a (see fig2)
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
845
¾
885
B
275
¾
295
C
120
¾
150
D
110
¾
150
E
14
¾
22
F
45
¾
60
G
¾
100
¾
H
300
¾
325
I
¾
¾
430
61
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
18-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
1 0
1 8
B
A
9
1
C
C '
G
H
D
E
a
F
· MS-013
Symbol
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
393
¾
419
B
256
¾
300
C
12
¾
20
C¢
447
¾
463
D
¾
¾
104
E
¾
50
¾
F
4
¾
12
G
16
¾
50
H
8
¾
13
a
0°
¾
8°
62
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
20-pin DIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
A
B
A
2 0
1 1
1
1 0
B
2 0
1 1
1 0
1
H
H
C
C
D
D
E
F
I
G
E
F
Fig1. Full Lead Packages
I
G
Fig2. 1/2 Lead Packages
· MS-001d (see fig1)
Symbol
A
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
980
¾
1060
B
240
¾
280
C
115
¾
195
D
115
¾
150
E
14
¾
22
F
45
¾
70
G
¾
100
¾
H
300
¾
325
I
¾
¾
430
· MO-095a (see fig2)
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
945
¾
985
B
275
¾
295
C
120
¾
150
D
110
¾
150
E
14
¾
22
60
F
45
¾
G
¾
100
¾
H
300
¾
325
I
¾
¾
430
63
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
20-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
1 1
2 0
A
B
1
1 0
C
C '
G
H
D
E
a
F
· MS-013
Symbol
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
393
¾
419
B
256
¾
300
C
12
¾
20
C¢
496
¾
512
D
¾
¾
104
E
¾
50
¾
F
4
¾
12
G
16
¾
50
H
8
¾
13
a
0°
¾
8°
64
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
20-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
1 1
2 0
A
B
1
1 0
C
C '
G
H
D
E
Symbol
Rev. 1.41
a
F
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
228
¾
244
B
150
¾
158
C
8
¾
12
C¢
335
¾
347
D
49
¾
65
E
¾
25
¾
F
4
¾
10
G
15
¾
50
H
7
¾
10
a
0°
¾
8°
65
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
24-pin SKDIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
A
A
1 3
2 4
B
1 3
2 4
B
1 2
1
1 2
1
H
H
C
C
D
D
E
F
I
G
E
F
I
G
Fig2. 1/2 Lead Packages
Fig1. Full Lead Packages
· MS-001d (see fig1)
Symbol
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
1230
¾
1280
B
240
¾
280
C
115
¾
195
D
115
¾
150
E
14
¾
22
F
45
¾
70
G
¾
100
¾
H
300
¾
325
I
¾
¾
430
· MS-001d (see fig2)
Symbol
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
1160
¾
1195
B
240
¾
280
C
115
¾
195
D
115
¾
150
E
14
¾
22
F
45
¾
70
G
¾
100
¾
H
300
¾
325
I
¾
¾
430
66
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
· MO-095a (see fig2)
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
1145
¾
1185
B
275
¾
295
C
120
¾
150
D
110
¾
150
E
14
¾
22
F
45
¾
60
G
¾
100
¾
H
300
¾
325
I
¾
¾
430
67
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
24-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
1 3
2 4
A
B
1 2
1
C
C '
G
H
D
E
a
F
· MS-013
Symbol
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
393
¾
419
B
256
¾
300
C
12
¾
20
C¢
598
¾
613
D
¾
¾
104
E
¾
50
¾
F
4
¾
12
G
16
¾
50
H
8
¾
13
a
0°
¾
8°
68
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
24-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
1 3
2 4
A
B
1 2
1
C
C '
G
H
D
E
Symbol
Rev. 1.41
a
F
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
228
¾
244
B
150
¾
157
C
8
¾
12
C¢
335
¾
346
D
54
¾
60
E
¾
25
¾
F
4
¾
10
G
22
¾
28
H
7
¾
10
a
0°
¾
8°
69
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
28-pin SKDIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
A
B
2 8
1 5
1
1 4
H
C
D
E
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.41
F
I
G
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
1375
¾
1395
B
278
¾
298
C
125
¾
135
D
125
¾
145
E
16
¾
20
F
50
¾
70
G
¾
100
¾
H
295
¾
315
I
¾
¾
375
70
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
2 8
1 5
A
B
1
1 4
C
C '
G
H
D
E
a
F
· MS-013
Symbol
Rev. 1.41
Dimensions in mil
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
393
¾
419
B
256
¾
300
C
12
¾
20
C¢
697
¾
713
D
¾
¾
104
E
¾
50
¾
F
4
¾
12
G
16
¾
50
H
8
¾
13
a
0°
¾
8°
71
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Product Tape and Reel Specifications
Reel Dimensions
D
T 2
A
C
B
T 1
SOP 16N (150mil), SSOP 20S (150mil), SSOP 24S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
A
Reel Outer Diameter
330.0±1.0
B
Reel Inner Diameter
100.0±1.5
C
Spindle Hole Diameter
13.0+0.5/-0.2
D
Key Slit Width
T1
Space Between Flange
T2
Reel Thickness
2.0±0.5
16.8+0.3/-0.2
22.2±0.2
SOP 18W, SOP 20W, SOP 24W, SOP 28W (300mil)
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
A
Reel Outer Diameter
330.0±1.0
B
Reel Inner Diameter
100.0±1.5
C
Spindle Hole Diameter
13.0+0.5/-0.2
D
Key Slit Width
T1
Space Between Flange
T2
Reel Thickness
Rev. 1.41
2.0±0.5
24.8+0.3/-0.2
30.2±0.2
72
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Carrier Tape Dimensions
P 0
D
P 1
t
E
F
W
C
D 1
P
B 0
K 0
A 0
R e e l H o le
IC p a c k a g e p in 1 a n d th e r e e l h o le s
a r e lo c a te d o n th e s a m e s id e .
SOP 16N (150mil)
Symbol
W
Description
Dimensions in mm
Carrier Tape Width
16.0±0.3
P
Cavity Pitch
8.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.1
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
D
Perforation Diameter
1.55+0.1/-0.0
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
1.50+0.25/-0.0
7.5±0.1
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
6.5±0.1
B0
Cavity Width
10.3±0.1
K0
Cavity Depth
2.1±0.1
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.30±0.05
C
Cover Tape Width
13.3±0.1
SOP 18W
Symbol
W
Description
Dimensions in mm
24.0+0.3/-0.1
Carrier Tape Width
P
Cavity Pitch
16.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.1
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
11.5±0.1
D
Perforation Diameter
1.5±0.1
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
1.50+0.25/-0.00
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
10.9±0.1
B0
Cavity Width
12.0±0.1
K0
Cavity Depth
2.8±0.1
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.30±0.05
C
Cover Tape Width
21.3±0.1
Rev. 1.41
73
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
SOP 20W
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
24.0+0.3/-0.1
W
Carrier Tape Width
P
Cavity Pitch
12.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.10
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
11.5±0.1
D
Perforation Diameter
1.5+0.1/-0.0
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
1.50+0.25/-0.00
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
10.8±0.1
B0
Cavity Width
13.3±0.1
K0
Cavity Depth
3.2±0.1
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.30±0.05
C
Cover Tape Width
21.3±0.1
SSOP 20S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
16.0+0.3/-0.1
W
Carrier Tape Width
P
Cavity Pitch
E
Perforation Position
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
D
Perforation Diameter
1.5+0.1/-0.0
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
1.50+0.25/-0.00
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
6.5±0.1
B0
Cavity Width
9.0±0.1
K0
Cavity Depth
2.3±0.1
8.0±0.1
1.75±0.10
7.5±0.1
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.30±0.05
C
Cover Tape Width
13.3±0.1
Rev. 1.41
74
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
SOP 24W
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
W
Carrier Tape Width
24.0±0.3
P
Cavity Pitch
12.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.1
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
11.5±0.1
D
Perforation Diameter
1.55+0.10/-0.00
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
1.50+0.25/-0.00
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
10.9±0.1
B0
Cavity Width
15.9±0.1
K0
Cavity Depth
3.1±0.1
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.35±0.05
C
Cover Tape Width
21.3±0.1
SSOP 24S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
16.0+0.3/-0.1
W
Carrier Tape Width
P
Cavity Pitch
E
Perforation Position
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
D
Perforation Diameter
1.5+0.1/-0.0
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
1.50+0.25/-0.00
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
6.5±0.1
B0
Cavity Width
9.5±0.1
K0
Cavity Depth
2.1±0.1
8.0±0.1
1.75±0.10
7.5±0.1
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.30±0.05
C
Cover Tape Width
13.3±0.1
Rev. 1.41
75
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
SOP 28W (300mil)
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
W
Carrier Tape Width
24.0±0.3
P
Cavity Pitch
12.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.10
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
11.5±0.1
D
Perforation Diameter
1.5+0.1/-0.0
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
1.50+0.25/-0.00
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
10.85±0.10
B0
Cavity Width
18.34±0.10
K0
Cavity Depth
2.97±0.10
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.35±0.01
C
Cover Tape Width
21.3±0.1
Rev. 1.41
76
December 30, 2008
HT46R46/C46/R47/C47/R48A/C48A/R49
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters)
No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Tel: 886-3-563-1999
Fax: 886-3-563-1189
http://www.holtek.com.tw
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office)
4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2655-7070
Fax: 886-2-2655-7373
Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline)
Holtek Semiconductor (China) Inc. (Dongguan Sales Office)
Building No. 10, Xinzhu Court, (No. 1 Headquarters), 4 Cuizhu Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, China 523808
Tel: 86-769-2626-1300
Fax: 86-769-2626-1311
Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office)
46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538, USA
Tel: 1-510-252-9880
Fax: 1-510-252-9885
http://www.holtek.com
Copyright Ó 2008 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used
solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable
without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life
due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices
or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information,
please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Rev. 1.41
77
December 30, 2008