HOLTEK HT45FM03B_10

HT45FM03B
Brushless DC Motor Flash Type 8-Bit MCU
Technical Document
· Application Note
- HA0075E MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note
Features
· Operating voltage:
· 8-level subroutine nesting
fSYS= 0.4~20MHz: 4.5V~5.5V
· 8 channel 12-bit resolution A/D converter
· 26 bidirectional I/O lines
· 3 pairs of 10-bit PWM with complementary outputs
· External interrupt inputs shared with 4 I/O lines
shared with six I/O lines and with 3 PWM duty
control registers
· 8-bit programmable Timer/Event Counter with
· Bit manipulation instruction
overflow interrupt and 7-stage prescaler
· 16-bit programmable Timer/Event Counter with
· Table read instructions
overflow interrupt and 7-stage prescaler
· 63 powerful instructions
· 4096´15 Flash Program Memory
· All instructions in one or two machine cycles
· 192´8 Data Memory RAM
· Low voltage reset function
· On-chip crystal, internal RC and external RC
· Low voltage detect function
oscillator
· Integrated operational Amplifier
· Fully integrated internal RC oscillator with three
· Integrated Analog Comparator with interrupt function
fixed frequencies: 12MHz, 16MHz or 20MHz
· Flash program memory can be re-programmed yp to
· Watchdog Timer function
100,000 times
· PFD for audio frequency generation
· Flash program memory data retention > 10 years
· Power down and wake-up functions to reduce
· ICP (In-Circuit Programming) interface
power consumption
· 28-pin SOP package
· Up to 0.2ms instruction cycle with 20MHz system
clock at VDD=5V
General Description
The HT45FM03B is 8-bit, high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller device which includes a host
of fully integrated special features specifically designed
for brushless DC motor applications.
Width Modulation function, power-down and wake-up
functions, although especially directed at brushless DC
motor applications, the enhanced versatility of this device also makes it applicable for use in a wide range of
A/D application possibilities such as sensor signal processing, motor driving, industrial control, consumer
products, subsystem controllers, etc.
The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, programmable frequency divider, timer functions,
oscillator options, multi-channel A/D Converter, Pulse
Rev. 1.10
1
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Block Diagram
In - c ir c u it
P r o g r a m m in g
C ir c u itr y
W a tc h d o g
T im e r
8 - b it
R IS C
M C U
C o re
S ta c k
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
I/O
P o rts
L o w
V o lta g e
R e s e t
R A M D a ta
M e m o ry
8 - b it/1 6 - b it
T im e r
W a tc h d o g
T im e r O s c illa to r
P r o g r a m m a b le
F re q u e n c y
G e n e ra to r
R e s e t
C ir c u it
R E S
In te rru p t
C o n tr o lle r
IN T
IN T
IN T
IN T
IR C /E R C /C ry s ta l
S y s te m O s c illa to r
0 A
0 B
0 C
1
O S C 1
O S C 2
A /D
C o n v e rte r
A N 0 ~ A N 7
P W M
G e n e ra to r
P W M
P W M
P W M
P W M
P W M
P W M
O P A
C o n tro l
R e g is te r
A n
C o m
C o
R e
a lo g
p a ra to r
n tro l
g is te r
O P A
0 H
0 L
1 H
1 L
2 H
2 L
O P V IN P
O P V IN N
O P O U T
C M P
C V IN P
C V IN N
C O U T
P A , P B , P C , P D
T M R 0 /T M R 1
P F D
Pin Assignment
P B 5 /A N 5 /[IN T 0 B ]
1
2 8
P B 6 /A N 6 /[IN T 0 C ]
P B 4 /A N 4 /[IN T 0 A ]
2
2 7
P B 7 /A N 7 /T M R 0 /T M R 1
P A 3 /C O U T
3
2 6
P A 4 /IN T 0 A
P A 2 /C V IN N
4
2 5
P A 5 /IN T 0 B
P A 1 /C V IN P
5
2 4
P A 6 /IN T 0 C
P A 0 /O P V IN P
6
2 3
P A 7 /IN T 1
P B 3 /A N 3 /O P V IN N
7
2 2
P D 3 /O S C 2
P B 2 /A N 2 /O P O U T
8
2 1
P D 2 /O S C 1
P B 1 /A N 1
9
2 0
V D D /A V D D
P B 0 /A N 0
1 0
1 9
P D 1 /R E S
V S S /A V S S
1 1
1 8
P D 0 /P F D
P C 0 /P W M 0 H
1 2
1 7
P C 5 /P W M 2 L
P C 1 /P W M 0 L
1 3
1 6
P C 4 /P W M 2 H
P C 2 /P W M 1 H
1 4
1 5
P C 3 /P W M 1 L
H T 4 5 F M 0 3 B
2 8 S O P -A
Rev. 1.10
2
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Pad Description
Pad Name
PA0/OPVINP
PA1/CVINP
PA2/CVINN
PA3/COUT
PA4/INT0A
PA5/INT0B
PA6/INT0C
PA7/INT1
PB0/AN0
PB1/AN1
PB2/AN2/OPOUT
PB3/AN3/OPVINN
PB4/AN4/INT0A
PB5/AN5/INT0B
PB6/AN6/INT0C
PB7/AN7/TMR0/TMR1
PC0/PWM0H
PC1/PWM0L
PC2/PWM1H
PC3/PWM1L
PC4/PWM2H
PC5/PWM2L
PD0/PFD
PD1/RES
I/O
Option
Description
Pull-high
Wake-up
INT0A
INT0B
INT0C
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each pin can be configured as
wake-up input by configuration option. Software instructions determine
if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine if the pins have pull-high resistors. Pins PA4~PA6 are
pin-shared with INT0A, INT0B and INT0C, the function being selected
via configuration options. PA7 is pin-shared with the external interrupt
pin INT1. PA1, PA2 and PA3 are pin-shared with comparator pins
CVINP, CVINN and COUT. PA0 is shared with OPVINP.
Pull-high
INT0A
INT0B
INT0C
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if
the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine if the pins have pull-high resistors. PB is pin-shared
with the A/D inputs. Pins PB4~PB6 are also pin-shared with INT0A,
INT0B and INT0C, the function being selected via configuration options. Pins PB2 and PB3 are also pin pin-shared with operational amplifier pins OPOUT and OPVINN. Pin PB7 is also pin-shared with timer
input pins TMR0 and TMR1.
I/O
Pull-high
Bidirectional 6-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if
the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine if the pins have pull-high resistors. PC is pin shared
with the Pulse Width Modulation complimentary output pairs,
PWM0H~PWM2H and PWM0L~PWM2L.
I/O
Pull-high
PFD
Bidirectional 1-line I/O. Software instructions determine if the pin is a
CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. A configuration option determines if pin PD0 has a pull-high resistor. Pin PD0 is shared with the
PFD output.
I/O
PD1 or
RES
Bidirectional 1-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine if
the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Pin PD1 does not
have a pull-high option. Pin PD1 is pin-shared with the reset input pin
RES. RES is a Schmitt Trigger reset input. Active low.
Bidirectional 2-line I/O. Software instructions determine if the pins are
CMOS outputs or Schmitt Trigger inputs. Pin PD2~PD3 do not have
pull-high options. Configuration options determine if the pins are to be
used as oscillator pins or I/O pins. Configuration options also determine which oscillator mode is selected. The three oscillator modes are:
1. Internal RC OSC: both pins configured as I/Os.
2. External crystal OSC: both pins configured as OSC1/OSC2.
3. External RC OSC+PD3: PD2 is configured as OSC1 pin, PD3 configured as an I/O.
If the internal RC OSC is selected, the frequency will be fixed at either
12MHz, 16MHz or 20MHz, dependent upon which configuration option
is chosen.
I/O
I/O
PD2/OSC1
PD3/OSC2
I/O
1.Int. RC
OSC
2.Crystal
OSC
3.Ext. RC
OSC
VSS
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
AVSS
¾
¾
Ground connection for A/D converter. The VSS and AVSS are the
same pin at 28 pin package.
VDD
¾
¾
Positive power supply
AVDD
¾
¾
Power supply connection for A/D converter. The VDD and AVDD are
the same pin at 28 pin package.
Rev. 1.10
3
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V
Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C
Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
IOL Total ..............................................................150mA
Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW
Operating Temperature.........................-40°C to 125°C
IOH Total............................................................-100mA
Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may
cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed
in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability.
D.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
VDD
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Conditions
VDD
Operating Voltage
¾
fSYS=0.4~20MHz
4.5
¾
5.5
V
IDD1
Operating Current (Crystal OSC,
ERC OSC, IRC OSC)
5V
No load, fSYS=12MHz
ADC disable
¾
3.5
5.5
mA
IDD2
Operating Current (Crystal OSC,
ERC OSC, IRC OSC)
5V
No load, fSYS=16MHz
ADC disable
¾
4.5
7.0
mA
IDD3
Operating Current (Crystal OSC,
ERC OSC, IRC OSC)
5V
No load, fSYS=20MHz
ADC disable
¾
5.5
8.5
mA
ISTB1
Standby Current (WDT Enabled)
5V
No load, system HALT
¾
¾
10
mA
ISTB2
Standby Current (WDT Disabled)
5V
No load, system HALT
¾
¾
2
mA
VIL1
Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports,
TMR0, TMR1, INT0A, INT0B,
INT0C and INT1
¾
¾
0
¾
0.3VDD
V
VIH1
Input High Voltage for I/O Ports,
TMR0, TMR1, INT0A, INT0B,
INT0C and INT1
¾
¾
0.7VDD
¾
VDD
V
VIL2
Input Low Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0
¾
0.4VDD
V
VIH2
Input High Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0.9VDD
¾
VDD
V
VLVR
Low Voltage Reset Voltage
¾
LVR enable, 4.2V option
-5%
4.2
+5%
V
VLVD
Low Voltage Detector Voltage
¾
LVDEN = 1, VLVD = 4.4V
-5%
4.4
+5%
V
IOL1
I/O Port Sink Current
5V
VOL=0.1VDD
10
20
¾
mA
IOH1
I/O Port Source Current
5V
VOH=0.9VDD
-5
-10
¾
mA
RPH
Pull-high Resistance
5V
10
30
50
kW
Rev. 1.10
¾
4
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
A.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
VDD
fSYS
System Clock
fHIRC
Timer I/P Frequency
(TMR0/TMR1)
Max.
Unit
4.5V~5.5V
400
¾
20000
kHz
5V
Ta=25°C
-2%
12
+2%
MHz
5V
Ta=25°C
-2%
16
+2%
MHz
5V
Ta=25°C
-2%
20
+2%
MHz
Ta= -20°C~125°C
-8%
12
+4%
MHz
Ta= -20°C~125°C
-7%
16
+5%
MHz
4.5V~ Ta= -20°C~125°C
5.5V Ta= -40°C~125°C
-9%
20
+4%
MHz
-9%
12
+4%
MHz
Ta= -40°C~125°C
-8%
16
+5%
MHz
Ta= -40°C~125°C
-12%
20
+4%
MHz
Ta=25°C, R=120kW *
-2%
12
+2%
MHz
-5%
12
+4%
MHz
5V
System Clock (ERC)
Typ.
¾
System Clock (HIRC)
fERC
Min.
Conditions
4.5V~ Ta= -40°C~125°C,
5.5V R=120kW *
¾
¾
0
¾
4000
kHz
tWDTOSC Watchdog Oscillator Period
5V
¾
32
65
130
ms
tRES
External Reset Low Pulse Width
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
tSST
System Start-up Timer Period
¾
¾
1024
¾
tSYS
tINT
Interrupt Pulse Width
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
tLVR
Low Voltage Width to Reset
¾
¾
0.25
1
2
ms
fTIMER
Note:
Wake-up from HALT
1. tSYS=1/fSYS
2. * For fERC, as the resistor tolerance will influence the frequency a precision resistor is recommended.
3. To maintain the accuracy of the internal HIRC oscillator frequency, a 0.1mF decoupling capacitor should be
connected between VDD and VSS and located as close to the device as possible.
Rev. 1.10
5
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Oscillator Temperature/Frequency Characteristics
The following characteristic graphics depicts typical oscillator behavior. The data presented here is a statistical summary of data gathered on units from different lots over a period of time. This is for information only and the figures were
not tested during manufacturing.
In some of the graphs, the data exceeding the specified operating range are shown for information purposes only. The
device will operate properly only within the specified range.
External RC -- 12MHz
12.20
4.5V
4.75V
5.0V
5.25V
5.5V
12.10
12.00
f SYS (MHz)
11.90
11.80
11.70
11.60
11.50
11.40
11.30
11.20
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Ta (
60
80
100
120
140
)
Internal RC -- 12MHz
12.20
4.5V
4.75V
5V
5.25V
5.5V
12.10
12.00
fSYS (MHz)
11.90
11.80
11.70
11.60
11.50
11.40
11.30
11.20
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Ta (
Rev. 1.10
6
60
80
100
120
140
)
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Internal RC -- 16MHz
16.40
4.5V
4.75V
5.0V
5.25V
5.5V
16.20
fSYS (MHz)
16.00
15.80
15.60
15.40
15.20
15.00
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Ta (
60
80
100
120
140
)
Internal RC -- 20MHz
20.50
4.5V
4.75V
5.0V
5.25V
5.5V
f SYS (MHz)
20.00
19.50
19.00
18.50
18.00
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Ta (
Rev. 1.10
7
60
80
100
120
140
)
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
A/D Converter Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
VDD
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
AVDD
A/D Converter Operating Voltage
¾
¾
4.5
¾
VDD
V
VAD
AD Input Voltage
¾
¾
0
¾
VREF
V
VREF
A/D Converter Input Reference
Voltage Range
¾
¾
¾
AVDD
¾
V
DNL
Differential Non-linearity
¾
tAD= 0.5ms
¾
±1
±2
LSB
INL
Integral Non-linearity
¾
tAD= 0.5ms
¾
±2
±4
LSB
IADC
Additional Power Consumption if
A/D Converter is Used
5V
No load, tAD= 0.5ms
¾
1.5
3.0
mA
tAD
A/D Converter Clock Period
¾
0.5
¾
100
ms
tADC
A/D Conversion Time (Note)
¾
¾
16
¾
tAD
¾
12 bit ADC
Note: ADC conversion time (tADC) is include ADC sample time 4tAD.
OP Amplifier Electrical Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
VDD
Conditions
¾
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
4.5
¾
5.5
V
-5
¾
5
mV
D.C. Electrical Characteristic
VDD
Operating Voltage
¾
VOS
Input Offset Voltage
5V
VCM
Common Mode Voltage Range
¾
¾
VSS
¾
VDD-1.4
V
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
¾
¾
60
¾
¾
dB
CMRR
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
¾
60
¾
¾
dB
60
80
¾
dB
By calibration
VDD=5V
VCM=0~VDD-1.4V
A.C. Electrical Characteristic
AOL
Open Loop Gain
¾
SR
Slew Rate+, Rate-
¾
No load
¾
1
¾
V/ms
GBW
Gain Band Width
¾
RL=1MW, CL=100pF
¾
¾
100
kHz
Rev. 1.10
¾
8
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Analog Comparator Characteristics
Symbol
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Parameter
VDD
Conditions
¾
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
4.5
¾
5.5
V
-5
¾
5
mV
VDD
Analog Comparator Operating
Voltage
¾
VOS
Analog Comparator Input Offset
Voltage
5V
VCM
Analog Comparator Common
Mode Voltage Range
¾
¾
0
¾
VDD-1.4
V
tPD
Analog Comparator Response
Time
¾
¾
¾
¾
2
ms
VHYS
Analog Comparator Hysteresis
Width
5V
¾
40
¾
mV
By calibration
Analog Comparator
Hysteresis enable
Power-on Reset Characteristics
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
VDD
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
VPOR
VDD Start Voltage to Ensure
Power-on Reset
¾
¾
¾
¾
100
mV
RRVDD
VDD raising rate to Ensure
Power-on Reset
¾
¾
0.035
¾
¾
V/ms
tPOR
Minimum Time for VDD Stays at
VPOR to Ensure Power-on Reset
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
V
D D
tP
O R
R R
V D D
V
P O R
T im e
Rev. 1.10
9
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
System Architecture
Clocking and Pipelining
A key factor in the high-performance features of the
Holtek range of microcontrollers is attributed to their internal system architecture. The range of devices take
advantage of the usual features found within RISC
microcontrollers providing increased speed of operation
and enhanced performance. The pipelining scheme is
implemented in such a way that instruction fetching and
instruction execution are overlapped, hence instructions
are effectively executed in one cycle, with the exception
of branch or call instructions. An 8-bit wide ALU is used
in practically all instruction set operations, which carries
out arithmetic operations, logic operations, rotation, increment, decrement, branch decisions, etc. The internal
data path is simplified by moving data through the Accumulator and the ALU. Certain internal registers are implemented in the Data Memory and can be directly or
indirectly addressed. The simple addressing methods of
these registers along with additional architectural features ensure that a minimum of external components is
required to provide a functional I/O and A/D control system with maximum reliability and flexibility. This makes
the device suitable for low-cost, high-volume production
for controller applications.
The main system clock, derived from either a Crystal/Resonator or RC oscillator is subdivided into four internally generated non-overlapping clocks, T1~T4. The
Program Counter is incremented at the beginning of the
T1 clock during which time a new instruction is fetched.
The remaining T2~T4 clocks carry out the decoding and
execution functions. In this way, one T1~T4 clock cycle
forms one instruction cycle. Although the fetching and
execution of instructions takes place in consecutive instruction cycles, the pipelining structure of the
microcontroller ensures that instructions are effectively
executed in one instruction cycle. The exception to this
are instructions where the contents of the Program
Counter are changed, such as subroutine calls or
jumps, in which case the instruction will take one more
instruction cycle to execute.
For instructions involving branches, such as jump or call
instructions, two machine cycles are required to complete instruction execution. An extra cycle is required as
the program takes one cycle to first obtain the actual
jump or call address and then another cycle to actually
execute the branch. The requirement for this extra cycle
should be taken into account by programmers in timing
sensitive applications
O s c illa to r C lo c k
( S y s te m C lo c k )
P h a s e C lo c k T 1
P h a s e C lo c k T 2
P h a s e C lo c k T 3
P h a s e C lo c k T 4
P ro g ra m
C o u n te r
P ip e lin in g
P C
P C + 1
F e tc h In s t. (P C )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C -1 )
P C + 2
F e tc h In s t. (P C + 1 )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C )
F e tc h In s t. (P C + 2 )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C + 1 )
System Clocking and Pipelining
M O V A ,[1 2 H ]
2
C A L L D E L A Y
3
C P L [1 2 H ]
4
:
5
:
6
1
D E L A Y :
F e tc h In s t. 1
E x e c u te In s t. 1
F e tc h In s t. 2
E x e c u te In s t. 2
F e tc h In s t. 3
F lu s h P ip e lin e
F e tc h In s t. 6
E x e c u te In s t. 6
F e tc h In s t. 7
N O P
Instruction Fetching
Rev. 1.10
10
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Program Counter
Stack
During program execution, the Program Counter is used
to keep track of the address of the next instruction to be
executed. It is automatically incremented by one each
time an instruction is executed except for instructions,
such as ²JMP² or ²CALL², that demand a jump to a
non-consecutive Program Memory address. It must be
noted that only the lower 8 bits, known as the Program
Counter Low Register, are directly addressable by user.
This is a special part of the memory which is used to
save the contents of the Program Counter only. The
stack has 8 levels and is neither part of the data nor part
of the program space, and can neither be read from nor
writeable. The activated level is indexed by the Stack
Pointer, SP, and is neither readable nor writeable. At a
subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the contents of the Program Counter are pushed onto the stack.
At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the Program
Counter is restored to its previous value from the stack.
After a device reset, the Stack Pointer will point to the
top of the stack.
When executing instructions requiring jumps to
non-consecutive addresses such as a jump instruction,
a subroutine call, interrupt or reset, etc., the
microcontroller manages program control by loading the
required address into the Program Counter. For conditional skip instructions, once the condition has been
met, the next instruction, which has already been
fetched during the present instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle takes its place while the correct instruction is obtained.
P ro g ra m
S ta c k L e v e l 1
T o p o f S ta c k
S ta c k L e v e l 2
S ta c k
P o in te r
The lower byte of the Program Counter, known as the
Program Counter Low register or PCL, is available for
program control and is a readable and writable register.
By transferring data directly into this register, a short
program jump can be executed directly, however, as
only this low byte is available for manipulation, the
jumps are limited to the present page of memory, that is
256 locations. When such program jumps are executed
it should also be noted that a dummy cycle will be inserted.
B o tto m
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
S ta c k L e v e l 3
o f S ta c k
S ta c k L e v e l 8
If the stack is full and an enabled interrupt takes place,
the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the Stack
Pointer is decremented, by RET or RETI, the interrupt
will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily.
However, when the stack is full, a CALL subroutine instruction can still be executed which will result in a stack
overflow. Precautions should be taken to avoid such
cases which might cause unpredictable program
branching.
The lower byte of the Program Counter is fully accessible under program control. Manipulating the PCL might
cause program branching, so an extra cycle is needed
to pre-fetch. Further information on the PCL register can
be found in the Special Function Register section.
Mode
C o u n te r
Program Counter Bits
b11
b10
b9
b8
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
Initial Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Analog Comparator Interrupt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
External Interrupt 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Multi-function Interrupt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
PWM Interrupt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
@3
@2
@1
@0
Skip
Program Counter + 2
Loading PCL
PC11 PC10 PC9
PC8
@7
@6
@5
@4
Jump, Call Branch
#11
#10
#9
#8
#7
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
#1
#0
Return from Subroutine
S11
S10
S9
S8
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
Program Counter
Note:
PC11~PC8: Current Program Counter bits
#11~#0: Instruction code address bits
Rev. 1.10
@7~@0: PCL bits
S11~S0: Stack register bits
11
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU
execution if the Analog Comparator interrupt 0 is enabled and the stack is not full.
The arithmetic-logic unit or ALU is a critical area of the
microcontroller that carries out arithmetic and logic operations of the instruction set. Connected to the main
microcontroller data bus, the ALU receives related instruction codes and performs the required arithmetic or
logical operations after which the result will be placed in
the specified register. As these ALU calculation or operations may result in carry, borrow or other status
changes, the status register will be correspondingly updated to reflect these changes. The ALU supports the
following functions:
· Location 008H
This vector is used by the external interrupt 0. If the
INT0A, INT0B or INT0C external interrupt pins on the
device receives an edge transition, the program will
jump to this location and begin execution if the external interrupt 0 is enabled and the stack is not full.
· Location 00CH
This vector is used by the multi-function interrupt. If
the external interrupt 1 pin on the device receives an
edge transition, or when an A/D conversion cycle is
complete, the program will jump to this location and
begin execution if the multi-function interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full. The external interrupt 1
active edge transition type, whether high to low, low to
high or both, is specified in the Configuration Options.
· Arithmetic operations ADD, ADDM, ADC, ADCM,
SUB, SUBM, SBC, SBCM, DAA
· Logic operations AND, OR, XOR, ANDM, ORM,
XORM, CPL, CPLA
· Rotation RRA, RR, RRCA, RRC, RLA, RL, RLCA,
· Location 010H
RLC
This vector is used by the PWM interrupt. If a PWM interrupt, resulting from a PWMxH is from inactive to
active, the program will jump to this location and begin
execution if the PWM interrupt is enabled and the
stack is not full.
· Increment and Decrement INCA, INC, DECA, DEC
· Branch decision JMP, SZ, SZA, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ, SIZA,
SDZA, CALL, RET, RETI
Flash Program Memory
· Location 014H
The Program Memory is the location where the user
code or program is stored. This device is supplied with
Flash type program memory where users can program
their application code into the device. By using the appropriate programming tools, Flash type devices offer
users the flexibility to freely develop their applications,
which may be useful during debug or for products requiring frequent upgrades or program changes. Flash
type devices are also applicable for use in applications
that require low or medium volume production runs.
· Location 018H
This internal vector is used by the Timer/Event Counter 0. If the counter overflow occurs, the program will
jump to this location and begin execution if the
timer/event counter 0 interrupt is enabled and the
stack is not full.
This internal vector is used by the Timer/Event Counter 1. If the counter overflow occurs, the program will
jump to this location and begin execution if the
timer/event counter 1 interrupt is enabled and the
stack is not full.
Structure
0 0 0 H
The Program Memory has a capacity of 4K by 15 bits.
The Program Memory is addressed by the Program
Counter and also contains data, table information and
interrupt entries. Table data, which can be setup in any
location within the Program Memory, is addressed by a
separate table pointer register.
0 0 4 H
0 0 C H
Special Vectors
0 1 8 H
0 0 8 H
0 1 0 H
0 1 4 H
Within the Program Memory, certain locations are reserved for special usage such as reset and interrupts.
n 0 0 H
· Location 000H
n F F H
This vector is reserved for use by use by the device reset for program initialisation. After a device reset is initiated, the program will jump to this location and begin
execution.
F 0 0 H
· Location 004H
F F F H
This vector is used by the Analog Comparator interrupt. If an Analog Comparator interrupt, resulting from
a falling edge on the Analog Comparator output occurs, the program will jump to this location and begin
Rev. 1.10
D e v ic e In itia liz a tio n P r o g r a m
A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r In te r r u p t
E x te rn a l In te rru p t 0
M u lti- fu n c tio n In te r r u p t
P W M
In te rru p t
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0 O v e r flo w
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1 O v e r flo w
L o o k - u p T a b le
L o o k - u p T a b le ( L a s t P a g e )
( 4 K x 1 5 B its )
Program Memory Structure
12
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Look-up Table
Table Program Example
Any location within the Program Memory can be defined
as a look-up table where programmers can store fixed
data. To use the look-up table, the table pointer must
first be setup by placing the lower order address of the
look up data to be retrieved in the table pointer register,
TBLP. This register defines the lower 8-bit address of
the look-up table.
The following example shows how the table pointer and
table data is defined and retrieved from the
microcontroller. This example uses raw table data located in the last page which is stored there using the
ORG statement. The value at this ORG statement is
²F00H² which refers to the start address of the last page
within the 4K Program Memory of the device. The table
pointer is setup here to have an initial value of ²06H².
This will ensure that the first data read from the data table will be at the Program Memory address ²F06H² or 6
locations after the start of the last page. Note that the
value for the table pointer is referenced to the first address of the present page if the ²TABRDC [m]² instruction is being used. The high byte of the table data which
in this case is equal to zero will be transferred to the
TBLH register automatically when the ²TABRDL [m]² instruction is executed.
After setting up the table pointer, the table data can be
retrieved from the current Program Memory page or last
Program Memory page using the ²TABRDC[m]² or
²TABRDL [m]² instructions, respectively. When these instructions are executed, the lower order table byte from
the Program Memory will be transferred to the user defined Data Memory register [m] as specified in the instruction. The higher order table data byte from the
Program Memory will be transferred to the TBLH special
register. Any unused bits in this transferred higher order
byte will be read as ²0².
Because the TBLH register is a read-only register and
cannot be restored, care should be taken to ensure its
protection if both the main routine and Interrupt Service
Routine use the table read instructions. If using the table
read instructions, the Interrupt Service Routines may
change the value of TBLH and subsequently cause errors if used again by the main routine. As a rule it is recommended that simultaneous use of the table read
instructions should be avoided. However, in situations
where simultaneous use cannot be avoided, the interrupts should be disabled prior to the execution of any
main routine table-read instructions. Note that all table
related instructions require two instruction cycles to
complete their operation.
The following diagram illustrates the addressing/data
flow of the look-up table.
P ro g ra m C o u n te r
H ig h B y te
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
T B L P
T B L H
S p e c ifie d b y [m ]
T a b le C o n te n ts H ig h B y te
T a b le C o n te n ts L o w
B y te
Table Location Bits
Instruction
b11
TABRDC [m] PC11
TABRDL [m]
1
b10
b9
b8
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
PC10
PC9
PC8
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
1
1
1
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
Table Location
Note:
PC11~PC8: Current Program Counter bits
@7~@0: Table Pointer TBLP bits
Rev. 1.10
13
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
tempreg1
tempreg2
db
db
:
:
?
?
; temporary register #1
; temporary register #2
mov
a,06h
; initialise table pointer - note that this address
; is referenced
mov
tblp,a
:
:
; to the last page or present page
tabrdl
tempreg1
;
;
;
;
dec
tblp
; reduce value of table pointer by one
tabrdl
tempreg2
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
to tempregl
data at prog. memory address ²F06H² transferred to
tempreg1 and TBLH
transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
to tempreg2
data at prog.memory address ²F05H² transferred to
tempreg2 and TBLH
in this example the data ²1AH² is transferred to
tempreg1 and data ²0FH² to register tempreg2
the value ²0FH² will be transferred to the high byte
register TBLH
:
:
org
0F00h
; sets initial address of last page
dc
00Ah, 00Bh, 00Ch, 00Dh, 00Eh, 00Fh, 01Ah, 01Bh
:
:
In-Circuit Programming
During the programming process the RES pin will be
held low by the programmer disabling the normal operation of the microcontroller and taking control of the PA0
and PA2 I/O pins for data and clock programming purposes. The user must there take care to ensure that no
other outputs are connected to these two pins.
The provision of Flash type Program Memory provides
the user with a means of convenient and easy upgrades
and modifications to their programs on the same device.
As an additional convenience, Holtek has provided a
means of programming the microcontroller in-circuit using a 5-pin interface. This provides manufacturers with
the possibility of manufacturing their circuit boards complete with a programmed or un-programmed
microcontroller, and then programming or upgrading the
program at a later stage. This enables product manufacturers to easily keep their manufactured products supplied with the latest program releases without removal
and re-insertion of the device.
The Program Memory can be programmed serially
in-circuit using this 5-wire interface. Data is downloaded
and uploaded serially on a single pin with an additional
line for the clock. Two additional lines are required for
the power supply and one line for the reset. The technical details regarding the in-circuit programming of the
devices are beyond the scope of this document and will
be supplied in supplementary literature.
Rev. 1.10
W r ite r C o n n e c to r
S ig n a ls
M C U
W r ite r _ V D D
V D D
R E S
P D 1
D A T A
P A 0
C L K
P A 2
W r ite r _ V S S
V S S
*
*
P r o g r a m m in g
P in s
*
T o o th e r C ir c u it
Note:
14
* may be resistor or capacitor. The resistance
of * must be greater than 1kW or the capacitance
of * must be less than 1nF.
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
0 0 H
Data Memory
The Data Memory is a volatile area of 8-bit wide RAM
internal memory and is the location where temporary information is stored. Divided into two sections, the first of
these is an area of RAM where special function registers
are located. These registers have fixed locations and
are necessary for correct operation of the device. Many
of these registers can be read from and written to directly under program control, however, some remain
protected from user manipulation. The second area of
Data Memory is reserved for general purpose use. All
locations within this area are read and write accessible
under program control.
M P 0
0 2 H
In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 1
0 3 H
M P 1
0 4 H
0 5 H
A C C
0 6 H
P C L
0 7 H
T B L P
0 8 H
T B L H
0 9 H
W D T S
0 A H
S T A T U S
0 B H
IN T C 0
0 C H
Structure
The two sections of Data Memory, the Special Purpose
and General Purpose Data Memory are located at consecutive locations. All are implemented in RAM and are
8 bits wide. The start address of the Data Memory is the
address ²00H².
0 0 H
S p e c ia l P u r p o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
3 F H
4 0 H
G e n e ra l P u rp o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
F F H
Data Memory Structure
Note:
In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0
0 1 H
Most of the RAM Data Memory bits can be directly manipulated using the ²SET [m].i² and
²CLR [m].i² instructions with the exception of a
few dedicated bits. The RAM Data Memory can
also be accessed through the Memory Pointer
registers MP0 and MP1.
0 D H
T M R 0
0 E H
T M R 0 C
0 F H
T M R 1 H
1 0 H
T M R 1 L
1 1 H
T M R 1 C
1 2 H
P A
1 3 H
P A C
1 4 H
P B
1 5 H
P B C
1 6 H
P C
1 7 H
P C C
1 8 H
P D
1 9 H
P D C
1 A H
P W M 0 H
1 B H
P W M 0 L
1 C H
P W M C 0
1 D H
P W M C 1
1 E H
IN T C 1
1 F H
M F IC
2 0 H
A D R L
2 1 H
A D R H
2 2 H
A D C R
2 3 H
A C S R
2 4 H
C M P C
2 5 H
M IS C
2 6 H
O P A C
2 7 H
D B T C
S p e c ia l P u r p o s e
D a ta M e m o ry
2 8 H
2 9 H
2 A H
General Purpose Data Memory
All microcontroller programs require an area of
read/write memory where temporary data can be stored
and retrieved for use later. It is this area of RAM memory
that is known as General Purpose Data Memory. This
area of Data Memory is fully accessible by the user program for both read and write operations. By using the
²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions individual bits
can be set or reset under program control giving the
user a large range of flexibility for bit manipulation in the
Data Memory.
Rev. 1.10
P W M 1 H
2 B H
P W M 1 L
2 C H
P W M 2 H
2 D H
P W M 2 L
2 E H
P C P W M C
2 F H
P C P W M D
3 0 H
L V D C T L
3 1 H
P W M C 2
: U n u s e d re a d a s "0 0 "
Special Purpose RAM Data Memory
15
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Special Purpose Data Memory
space, do not actually physically exist as normal registers. The method of indirect addressing for RAM data
manipulation uses these Indirect Addressing Registers
and Memory Pointers, in contrast to direct memory addressing, where the actual memory address is specified. Actions on the IAR0 and IAR1 registers will result in
no actual read or write operation to these registers but
rather to the memory location specified by their corresponding Memory Pointer, MP0 or MP1. As the Indirect
Addressing Registers are not physically implemented,
reading the Indirect Addressing Registers indirectly will
return a result of ²00H² and writing to the registers indirectly will result in no operation.
This area of Data Memory is where registers, necessary
for the correct operation of the microcontroller, are
stored. Most of the registers are both read and write type
but some are protected and are read only, the details of
which are located under the relevant Special Function
Register section. Note that for locations that are unused,
any read instruction to these addresses will return the
value ²00H².
Special Function Registers
To ensure successful operation of the microcontroller,
certain internal registers are implemented in the Data
Memory area. These registers ensure correct operation
of internal functions such as timers, interrupts, etc., as
well as external functions such as I/O data control and
A/D converter operation. The location of these registers
within the Data Memory begins at the address ²00H².
Any unused Data Memory locations between these special function registers and the point where the General
Purpose Memory begins is reserved for future expansion purposes, attempting to read data from these locations will return a value of ²00H².
Memory Pointer - MP0, MP1
For all devices, two Memory Pointers, known as MP0
and MP1 are provided. These Memory Pointers are
physically implemented in the Data Memory and can be
manipulated in the same way as normal registers providing a convenient way with which to address and track
data. When any operation to the relevant Indirect Addressing Registers is carried out, the actual address that
the microcontroller is directed to, is the address specified by the related Memory Pointer.
Indirect Addressing Register - IAR0, IAR1
The following example shows how to clear a section of
four RAM locations already defined as locations adres1
to adres4.
The Indirect Addressing Registers, IAR0 and IAR1, although having their locations in normal RAM register
data .section ¢data¢
adres1
db ?
adres2
db ?
adres3
db ?
adres4
db ?
block
db ?
code .section at 0 ¢code¢
org 00h
start:
mov
mov
mov
mov
a,04h
block,a
a,offset adres1
mp0,a
; setup size of block
clr
inc
sdz
jmp
IAR0
mp0
block
loop
; clear the data at address defined by MP0
; increment memory pointer
; check if last memory location has been cleared
; Accumulator loaded with first RAM address
; setup memory pointer with first RAM address
loop:
continue:
The important point to note here is that in the example shown above, no reference is made to specific RAM addresses.
Rev. 1.10
16
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Accumulator - ACC
Watchdog Timer Register - WDTS
The Accumulator is central to the operation of any
microcontroller and is closely related with operations
carried out by the ALU. The Accumulator is the place
where all intermediate results from the ALU are stored.
Without the Accumulator it would be necessary to write
the result of each calculation or logical operation such
as addition, subtraction, shift, etc., to the Data Memory
resulting in higher programming and timing overheads.
Data transfer operations usually involve the temporary
storage function of the Accumulator; for example, when
transferring data between one user defined register and
another, it is necessary to do this by passing the data
through the Accumulator as no direct transfer between
two registers is permitted.
The Watchdog feature of the microcontroller provides
an automatic reset function giving the microcontroller a
means of protection against spurious jumps to incorrect
Program Memory addresses. To implement this, a timer
is provided within the microcontroller which will issue a
reset command when its value overflows. To provide
variable Watchdog Timer reset times, the Watchdog
Timer clock source can be divided by various division ratios, the value of which is set using the WDTS register.
By writing directly to this register, the appropriate division ratio for the Watchdog Timer clock source can be
setup. Note that only the lower 3 bits are used to set division ratios between 1 and 128.
Status Register - STATUS
Program Counter Low Register - PCL
This 8-bit register contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag
(C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power
down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO).
These arithmetic/logical operation and system management flags are used to record the status and operation of
the microcontroller.
To provide additional program control functions, the low
byte of the Program Counter is made accessible to programmers by locating it within the Special Purpose area
of the Data Memory. By manipulating this register, direct
jumps to other program locations are easily implemented. Loading a value directly into this PCL register
will cause a jump to the specified Program Memory location, however, as the register is only 8-bit wide, only
jumps within the current Program Memory page are permitted. When such operations are used, note that a
dummy cycle will be inserted.
With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the
status register can be altered by instructions like most
other registers. Any data written into the status register
will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addition, operations related to the status register may give different results due to the different instruction operations. The TO
flag can be affected only by a system power-up, a WDT
time-out or by executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. The PDF flag is affected only by executing the
²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or during a system
power-up.
Look-up Table Registers - TBLP, TBLH
These two special function registers are used to control
operation of the look-up table which is stored in the Program Memory. TBLP is the table pointer and indicates
the location where the table data is located. Its value
must be setup before any table read commands are executed. Its value can be changed, for example using the
²INC² or ²DEC² instructions, allowing for easy table data
pointing and reading. TBLH is the location where the
high order byte of the table data is stored after a table
read data instruction has been executed. Note that the
lower order table data byte is transferred to a user defined location.
The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of
the latest operations.
· C is set if an operation results in a carry during an ad-
dition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C
is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction.
· AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the
low nibbles in addition, or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is
cleared.
b 7
b 0
T O
P D F
O V
Z
A C
C
S T A T U S R e g is te r
A r
C a
A u
Z e
ith m e
r r y fla
x ilia r y
r o fla g
O v e r flo w
g
tic /L o g ic O p e r a tio n F la g s
c a r r y fla g
fla g
S y s te m M
P o w e r d o w
W a tc h d o g
N o t im p le m
a n
n
tim
e
a g e m e n t F la g s
fla g
e - o u t fla g
n te d , re a d a s "0 "
Status Register
Rev. 1.10
17
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
· Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logical operation
Memory. The control register specifies which pins of that
port are set as inputs and which are set as outputs. To
setup a pin as an input, the corresponding bit of the control register must be set high, for an output it must be set
low. During program initialization, it is important to first
setup the control registers to specify which pins are outputs and which are inputs before reading data from or
writing data to the I/O ports. One flexible feature of these
registers is the ability to directly program single bits using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions. The
ability to change I/O pins from output to input and vice
versa by manipulating specific bits of the I/O control registers during normal program operation is a useful feature of these devices.
is zero; otherwise Z is cleared.
· OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the high-
est-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit,
or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared.
· PDF is cleared by a system power-up or executing the
²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing the
²HALT² instruction.
· TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the
²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by a
WDT time-out.
In addition, on entering an interrupt sequence or executing a subroutine call, the status register will not be
pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of
the status registers are important and if the subroutine
can corrupt the status register, precautions must be
taken to correctly save it.
Pulse Width Modulator Registers - PWM0H,
PWM0L, PWM1H, PWM1L, PWM2H, PWM2L,
PWMC0, PWMC1, PWMC2, PCPWMC, PCPWMD
The device contains a 3-channel 10-bit Pulse Width
Modulator function. Each PWM channel has its own
complementary pair of output and their own related register pair, PWM0L/PWM0H, PWM1L/PWM1H, and
PWM2L/PWM2H as well as PWMC0, PWMC1,
PWMC2, PCPWMC and PCPWMD. The PWMxH and
PWMxL (x=0~2) register defines the duty cycle value for
the modulation cycle of the Pulse Width Modulator
PWM0 or PWM1 or PWM2.
Interrupt Control Register - INTC0, INTC1, MFIC
These 8-bit registers, known as INTC0, INTC1 and
MFIC register, control the operation of both external and
internal interrupts. By setting various bits within this register using standard bit manipulation instructions, the
enable/disable function of each interrupt can be independently controlled. A master interrupt bit within this
register, the EMI bit, acts like a global enable/disable
and is used to set all of the interrupt enable bits on or off.
This bit is cleared when an interrupt routine is entered to
disable further interrupt and is set by executing the
²RETI² instruction.
A/D Converter Registers ADRL, ADRH, ADCR, ACSR
The device contains an 8-channel 12-bit A/D converter.
The correct operation of the A/D requires the use of two
data registers, a control register and a clock source register. The two data registers, a high byte data register
known as ADRH, and a low byte data register known as
ADRL, are the register locations where the digital value
is placed after the completion of an analog to digital conversion cycle. The channel selection and configuration
of the A/D converter is setup via the control register
ADCR while the A/D clock frequency is defined by the
clock source register, ACSR.
Timer/Event Counter Registers
The device contains an 8-bit Timer/Event Counter and a
16-bit Timer/Event Counter. For the 8-bit Timer/Event
Counter an associated register known as TMR0 is the
location where the timer's 8-bit value is located. An associated control register, known as TMR0C, contains
the setup information for this timer. For the 16-bit
Timer/Event Counter two associated register known as
TMR1L and TRM1H are the locations where the timer's
16-bit values are located. An associated control register,
known as TMR1C, contains the setup information for
this timer.
Analog Comparator Control Register - CMPC
This register is used to provide control over the internal
Analog Comparator function.
Input/Output Ports and Control Registers
Miscellaneous Control Register - MISC
Within the area of Special Function Registers, the I/O
registers and their associated control registers play a
prominent role. All I/O ports have a designated register
correspondingly labeled as PA, PB, PC and PD. These
labeled I/O registers are mapped to specific addresses
within the Data Memory as shown in the Data Memory
table, which are used to transfer the appropriate output
or input data on that port. with each I/O port there is an
associated control register labeled PAC, PBC, PCC and
PDC, also mapped to specific addresses with the Data
Rev. 1.10
This register is used to provide control over the internal
Analog Comparator and PWM functions.
Operation Amplifier Control Register - OPAC
This register is used to provide control over the internal
Operation Amplifier function.
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May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
I/O Port Control Registers
Analog Comparator Interrupt Debounce Time
Control Register - DBTC
Each I/O port has its own control register PAC, PBC,
PCC and PDC, to control the input/output configuration.
With this control register, each CMOS output or input
with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically under software control. Each pin
of the I/O ports is directly mapped to a bit in its associated port control register. For the I/O pin to function as
an input, the corresponding bit of the control register
must be written as a ²1². This will then allow the logic
state of the input pin to be directly read by instructions.
When the corresponding bit of the control register is written as a ²0², the I/O pin will be setup as a CMOS output.
If the pin is currently setup as an output, instructions can
still be used to read the output register. However, it
should be noted that the program will in fact only read
the status of the output data latch and not the actual
logic status of the output pin.
This register is used to provide control over the internal
Analog Comparator Interrupt debounce time, PWMxH
and PWMxL output control, INT0A, INT0B and INT0C
pin-shared output disable control and PWMxH/PWMxL
full active/inactive control.
Input/Output Ports
Holtek microcontrollers offer considerable flexibility on
their I/O ports. With the input or output designation of
every pin fully under user program control, pull-high options for most pins and wake-up options on certain pins,
the user is provided with an I/O structure to meet the
needs of a wide range of application possibilities.
The device provides 26 bidirectional input/output lines
labeled with port names PA, PB, PC and PD. These I/O
ports are mapped to the RAM Data Memory with specific addresses as shown in the Special Purpose Data
Memory table. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output operations. For input operation, these
ports are non-latching, which means the inputs must be
ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]²,
where m denotes the port address. For output operation, all the data is latched and remains unchanged until
the output latch is rewritten.
Pin-shared Functions
The flexibility of the microcontroller range is greatly enhanced by the use of pins that have more than one function. Limited numbers of pins can force serious design
constraints on designers but by supplying pins with
multi-functions, many of these difficulties can be overcome. For some pins, the chosen function of the
multi-function I/O pins is set by configuration options
while for others the function is set by application program control.
Pull-high Resistors
Many product applications require pull-high resistors for
their switch inputs usually requiring the use of an external resistor. To eliminate the need for these external resistors, all I/O pins, when configured as an input have
the capability of being connected to an internal pull-high
resistor. These pull-high resistors are selectable via
configuration options and are implemented using a
weak PMOS transistor.
· External Interrupt 0 Input
The external interrupt pins INT0A, INT0B and INT0C
are pin-shared with the I/O pins PA4~PA6 or PB4~PB6.
The function is chosen using configuration options. For
applications not requiring these external interrupt inputs, the pin-shared external interrupt pins can be used
as normal I/O pins, however to do this, the external interrupt 0 enable bits in the INTC0 register must be disabled. To configure them to operate as external
interrupt inputs, the corresponding bits in the interrupt
control register must be correctly set and the pins must
be setup as inputs. Note that the original I/O function
will remain even if these pins are setup to be used as
external interrupt 0 inputs. The INT0A, INT0B and
INT0C pins can be selected as input line only by software. If the HSIC is 1, the INT0A, INT0B and INT0C pin
shared I/O output function are disabled and these I/O
can be input only and without pull-high resistor.
Port A Wake-up
The HALT instruction forces the microcontroller into a
Power Down condition which preserve power, a feature
that is important for battery and other low-power applications. Various methods exist to wake-up the
microcontroller, one of which is to change the logic condition on one of the Port A pins from high to low. After a
²HALT² instruction forces the microcontroller into entering a Power Down condition, the processor will remain
idle or in a low-power state until the logic condition of the
selected wake-up pin on Port A changes from high to
low. This function is especially suitable for applications
that can be woken up via external switches. Note that
each pin on Port A can be selected individually to have
this wake-up feature.
Rev. 1.10
· External Interrupt 1 Input
The external interrupt pin INT1 is pin-shared with the
I/O pin PA7. For applications not requiring an INT1 input, the pin can be used as a normal I/O pin, however
to do this, the external interrupt 1 enable bits in the
INTC0 register must be disabled. To configure it to operate as an external interrupt 1 input, the corresponding bits in the interrupt control register must be
correctly set and the pin must be setup as an input.
Note that the original I/O function will remain even if
the pin is setup to be used as an external interrupt.
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May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
V
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
D D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
S
P A 0
P A 1
P A 2
P A 3
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
D a ta B it
Q
D
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
C K
S
M
U
X
W a k e -u p
O P V IN
C V IN
C V IN
C O U
V IN P
IN P
IN N
U T
Q
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r
S y s te m
/O P
/C V
/C V
/C O
W a k e - u p O p tio n
P A o n ly
P
P
N
T
PA0~PA3 Input/Output Ports
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
V
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
S
P A 4
P A 5
P A 6
P A 7
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
D a ta B it
Q
D
C K
S
a ta
T 0 A
T 0 B
T 0 C
T 1 C
S y s te m
R e
fo
fo
fo
fo
g is
r P
r P
r P
r P
te r
A 4
A 5
A 6
A 7
/IN
/IN
/IN
/IN
T 0 A
T 0 B
T 0 C
T 1 C
Q
M
R e a d D
IN
IN
IN
IN
D D
U
X
W a k e -u p
W a k e - u p O p tio n
PA4~PA7 Input/Output Ports
Rev. 1.10
20
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
V
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
D D
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
S
P B 0
P B 1
P B 2
P B 3
P B 4
P B 5
P B 6
P B 7
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
D a ta B it
Q
D
C K
S
a ta
T 0 A
T 0 B
T 0 C
M R 0
M R 1
T o A /D
R e
fo
fo
fo
fo
fo
g is
r P
r P
r P
r P
r P
te r
B 4
B 5
B 6
B 7
B 7
0
1
2 /O
3 /O
4 /IN
5 /IN
6 /IN
7 /T
P O U T
P V IN N
T 0 A
T 0 B
T 0 C
M R 0 /T M R 1
Q
M
R e a d D
IN
IN
IN
T
T
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
P C R 2
P C R 1
P C R 0
U
X
A n a lo g
In p u t
S e le c to r
C o n v e rte r
A C S 2 ~ A C S 0
O P V IN N
O P O U T
PB Input/Output Ports
V
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
S
P D 0
P C 0
P C 1
P C 2
P C 3
P C 4
P C 5
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
D a ta B it
Q
D
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
C K
S
W a v e fo rm
M
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r
/P F
/P W
/P W
/P W
/P W
/P W
/P W
D
M 0 H
M 0 L
M 1 H
M 1 L
M 2 H
M 2 L
Q
M
P F D o r P W M
D D
U
U
X
P F D /P W M
O p tio n
X
PD0/PFD and PC Input/Output Ports
Rev. 1.10
21
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
V
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
D D
Q
C K
S
C h ip R e s e t
P D 1 /R E S
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
D a ta B it
Q
D
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
C K
Q
S
M
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r
U
S c h m itt T r ig g e r In p u t
X
T o R e s e t C ir c u t
R e s e t C o n fig u r a tio n O p tio n s
PD1 Input/Output Port
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
V
C o n tr o l B it
Q
D
D D
Q
C K
S
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
P D 2 /O S C 1
P D 3 /O S C 2
D a ta B it
Q
D
C K
S
O s c illa to r
C o n fig u r a tio n
O p tio n s
Q
M
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r
U
S c h m itt T r ig g e r In p u t
O s c illa to r
C ir c u it
X
PD2/PD3 Input/Output Ports
Rev. 1.10
22
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
· External Timer Inputs
Programming Considerations
The external timer pins TMR0 and TMR1 are
pin-shared with the I/O pin PB7. To configure them to
operate as timer inputs, the corresponding control bits
in the timer control register must be correctly set and
the pins must also be setup as inputs. Note that the
original I/O function will remain even if the pins are
setup to be used as external timer inputs.
Within the user program, one of the first things to consider is port initialisation. After a reset, all of the I/O data
and port control registers will be set high. This means
that all I/O pins will default to an input state, the level of
which depends on the other connected circuitry and
whether pull-high options have been selected. If the port
control registers, PAC, PBC, PCC and PDC, are then
programmed to setup some pins as outputs, these output pins will have an initial high output value unless the
associated port data registers, PA, PB, PC and PD, are
first programmed. Selecting which pins are inputs and
which are outputs can be achieved byte-wide by loading
the correct value into the port control register or by programming individual bits in the port control register using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions. Note
that when using these bit control instructions, a
read-modify-write operation takes place. The
microcontroller must first read in the data on the entire
port, modify it to the required new bit values and then rewrite this data back to the output ports.
· PFD Output
The device contains a PFD function whose single output is pin-shared with PD0. The output function of this
pin is chosen via a configuration option and remains
fixed after the device is programmed. Note that the
corresponding bit of the port control register, PDC.1,
must setup the pin as an output to enable the PFD output. If the PDC port control register has setup the pin
as an input, then the pin will function as a normal logic
input with the usual pull-high option, even if the PFD
configuration option has been selected.
· PWM Output
The device contains PWM outputs pin shared with
pins PC0~PC5. The PWM output functions are chosen via software options. Note that the corresponding
bits in the port control register, PCC, must setup the
pins as outputs to enable the PWM output. If the PCC
port control register has setup the pins as inputs, then
the pins will function as normal logic inputs with the
usual pull-high resistor option, even if the PWM software option has been selected.
T 1
S y s te m
T 3
T 4
T 1
T 2
T 3
T 4
P o rt D a ta
W r ite to P o r t
R e a d fro m
P o rt
Read/Write Timing
· A/D Inputs
Port A has the additional capability of providing wake-up
functions. When the device is in the Power Down Mode,
various methods are available to wake the device up.
The device has eight A/D converter inputs. All of these
analog inputs are pin-shared with I/O pins on Port B. If
these pins are to be used as A/D inputs and not as
normal I/O pins then the corresponding bits in the A/D
Converter Control Register, ADCR, must be properly
set. There are no configuration options associated
with the A/D function. If used as I/O pins, then full
pull-high resistor configuration options remain, however if used as A/D inputs then any pull-high resistor
selections associated with these pins will be automatically disconnected.
One of these is a high to low transition of any of the
these pins. Single or multiple pins on Port A can be
setup to have this function.
Timer/Event Counters
The provision of timers form an important part of any
microcontroller, giving the designer a means of carrying
out time related functions. The device contains an internal 8-bit count-up timer and an internal 16-bit count-up
timer. As each timer has three different operating
modes, they can be configured to operate as a general
timer, an external event counter or as a pulse width
measurement device. The provision of an internal
prescaler to the clock circuitry gives added range to the
timer/event counters.
· Analog Comparator Function
The device contains an Analog Comparator function
whose pins are pin-shared with PA1~PA3. The Analog
Comparator function of these pins are chosen using
software.
· Operational Amplifier Function
The device contains an Operational Amplifier function
whose pins are pin-shared with PA0, PB2 and PB3.
The Operational Amplifier function of these pins are
chosen using software.
There are two types of registers related to the
Timer/Event Counters. The first are the registers that
contain the actual value of the timer and into which an
initial value can be preloaded. Reading from these registers retrieves the contents of the Timer/Event Counter.
The second type of associated register are the timer
control registers which defines the timer options and determines how the timer is to be used. This device can
have the timer clock configured to come from the inter-
I/O Pin Structures
The following diagrams illustrate the I/O pin internal
structures. As the exact logical construction of the I/O
pin may differ from these drawings, they are supplied as
a guide only to assist with the functional understanding
of the I/O pins.
Rev. 1.10
T 2
C lo c k
23
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
nal clock source. In addition the timer clock source can
also be configured to come from an external timer pin.
The value in the timer registers increases by one each
time an internal clock pulse is received or an external
transition occurs on the external timer pin. The timer will
count from the initial value loaded by the preload register to the full count of FFH for the 8-bit timer or FFFFH
for the 16-bit timers at which point the timer overflows
and an internal interrupt signal is generated. The timer
value will then be reset with the initial preload register
value and continue counting.
Configuring the Timer/Event Counter Input Clock
Source
The internal timer¢s clock source can originate from either the system clock or from an external clock source.
The system clock input timer source is used when the
timer is in the timer mode or in the pulse width measurement mode.
Note that to achieve a maximum full range count of FFH
for the 8-bit timer or FFFFH for the 16-bit timers, the
preload registers must first be cleared to all zeros. It
should be noted that after power-on, the preload registers will be in an unknown condition. Note that if the
Timer/Event Counters are in an OFF condition and data
is written to their preload registers, this data will be immediately written into the actual counter. However, if the
counter is enabled and counting, any new data written
into the preload data register during this period will remain in the preload register and will only be written into
the actual counter the next time an overflow occurs.
The Timer/Event Counter 0 clock also passes through a
prescaler, the value of which is conditioned by the bits
T0PSC0, T0PSC1 and T0PSC2 in the TMR0C register.
The Timer/Event Counter 1 clock also passes through a
prescaler, the value of which is conditioned by the bits
T1PSC0, T1PSC1 and T1PSC2 in the TMR1C register.
An external clock source is used when the timer is in the
event counting mode, the clock source being provided
on shared pin PB7/TMR0/TMR1. Depending upon the
condition of the T0E or T1E bit, each high to low, or low
to high transition on the PB7/TMR0/TMR1 pin will increment the counter by one.
For device which has an internal 16-bit Timer/Event
Counter, and which therefore have both low byte and
high byte timer registers, accessing these registers is
carried out in a specific way. It must be noted that when
using instructions to preload data into the low byte register, namely TMR1L, the data will only be placed in a low
byte buffer and not directly into the low byte register. The
actual transfer of the data into the low byte register is
only carried out when a write to its associated high byte
register, namely TMR1H, is executed. On the other
Timer Register - TMR0, TMR1L/TMR1H
The timer registers are special function registers located
in the special purpose Data Memory and is the place
where the actual timer value is stored. For the 8-bit
timer, this register is known as TMR0. In the case of the
16-bit timer, a pair of 8-bit registers is required to store
the 16-bit timer value, and are known as TMR1L and
TMR1H.
D a ta B u s
T 0 P S C 2 ~ T 0 P S C 0
(1 /1 ~ 1 /1 2 8 )
fS
Y S
7 - S ta g e P r e s c a le r
T 0 M 1
T 0 M 0
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
R e lo a d
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
M o d e C o n tro l
T M R 0
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
T 0 O N
T 0 E
8 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
¸
P F D
2
Timer/Event Counter 0
D a ta B u s
L o w B y te
B u ffe r
T 1 P S C 2 ~ T 1 P S C 0
(1 /1 ~ 1 /1 2 8 )
fS
Y S
8 - S ta g e P r e s c a le r
T 1 M 1
T 1 M 0
1 6 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
M o d e C o n tro l
T M R 1
H ig h B y te
T 1 E
T 1 O N
L o w
R e lo a d
B y te
1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
¸
2
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
P F D
Timer/Event Counter 1
Rev. 1.10
24
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
source is used. If the timer is in the event count or Pulse
Width Measurement mode, the active transition edge
level type is selected by the logic level of bit 3 of the
Timer Control Register which is known as T0E or T1E,
depending upon which timer is used.
hand, using instructions to preload data into the high
byte timer register will result in the data being directly
written to the high byte register. At the same time the
data in the low byte buffer will be transferred into its associated low byte register. For this reason, when
preloading data into the 16-bit timer registers, the low
byte should be written first. It must also be noted that to
read the contents of the low byte register, a read to the
high byte register must first be executed to latch the
contents of the low byte buffer into its associated low
byte register. After this has been done, the low byte register can be read in the normal way. Note that reading
the low byte timer register will only result in reading the
previously latched contents of the low byte buffer and
not the actual contents of the low byte timer register.
Configuring the Timer Mode
In this mode, the Timer/Event Counter can be setup to
measure fixed time intervals, providing an internal interrupt signal each time the Timer/Event Counter overflows. To operate in this mode, the Operating Mode
Select bit pair in the Timer Control Register must be set
to the correct value as shown.
Control Register Operating Mode
Select Bits for the Timer Mode
Timer Control Register - TMR0C, TMR1C
Bit7 Bit6
1
0
In this mode the internal clock, fSYS, is used as the
Timer/Event Counter clock. However, this clock source
is further divided by a prescaler, the value of which is determined by the Prescaler Rate Select bits, which are
bits 0~2 in the Timer Control Register. After the other
bits in the Timer Control Register have been setup, the
enable bit, which is bit 4 of the Timer Control Register,
can be set high to enable the Timer/Event Counter to
run. Each time an internal clock cycle occurs, the
Timer/Event Counter increments by one. When it is full
and overflows, an interrupt signal is generated and the
Timer/Event Counter will reload the value already
loaded into the preload register and continue counting.
The interrupt can be disabled by ensuring that the
Timer/Event Counter Interrupt Enable bit in the Interrupt
Control Register, INTC1, is reset to zero.
The flexible features of the Holtek microcontroller
Timer/Event Counters enable them to operate in three
different modes, the options of which are determined by
the contents of their respective control register. There
are two timer control registers known as TMR0C and
TMR1C. It is the timer control register together with its
corresponding timer registers that control the full operation of the Timer/Event Counters. Before the timers can
be used, it is essential that the appropriate timer control
register is fully programmed with the right data to ensure
its correct operation, a process that is normally carried
out during program initialisation.
To choose which of the three modes the timer is to operate in, either in the timer mode, the event counting mode
or the Pulse Width Measurement mode, bits 7 and 6 of
the Timer Control Register, which are known as the bit
pair T0M1/T0M0 or T1M1/T1M0 respectively, depending upon which timer is used, must be set to the required
logic levels. The timer-on bit, which is bit 4 of the Timer
Control Register and known as T0ON or T1ON, depending upon which timer is used, provides the basic
on/off control of the respective timer. Setting the bit high
allows the counter to run, clearing the bit stops the counter. Bits 0~2 of each Timer Control Register determine
the division ratio of the input clock prescaler. The
prescaler bit settings have no effect if an external clock
Configuring the Event Counter Mode
In this mode, a number of externally changing logic
events, occurring on the external timer pin, can be recorded by the Timer/Event Counter. To operate in this
mode, the Operating Mode Select bit pair in the Timer
Control Register must be set to the correct value as
shown.
Control Register Operating Mode
Select Bits for the Event Counter Mode
Bit7 Bit6
0
1
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o n tr o lle r
T im e r + 1
T im e r + 2
T im e r + N
T im e r + N + 1
Timer Mode Timing Chart
E x te rn a l E v e n t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o u n te r
T im e r + 1
T im e r + 2
T im e r + 3
Event Counter Mode Timing Chart
Rev. 1.10
25
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
b 7
T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0
b 0
T 0 O N
T 0 E
T 0 P S C 2
T 0 P S C 1
T 0 P S C 0
T M R 0 C
R e g is te r
T im e r p r e s c a le r r a te s e le
T 0 P
T 0 P S C 2 T 0 P S C 1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
E v e n t C
1 : c o u n
0 : c o u n
P u ls e W
1 : s ta rt
0 : s ta rt
0
c t
S C 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
o u n te r a c tiv e e d g
t o n fa llin g e d g e
t o n r is in g e d g e
id th M e a s u r e m e n
c o u n tin g o n r is in g
c o u n tin g o n fa llin g
1
T im e r
1 :1
1 :2
1 :4
1 :8
1 :1
1 :3
1 :6
1 :1
R a te
6
4
2
2 8
e s e le c t
t a c tiv e e d g e s e le c t
e d g e , s to p o n fa llin g e d g e
e d g e , s to p o n r is in g e d g e
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r c o u n tin g e n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
O p e r a tin g m o d e
T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0
e v
1
0
tim
0
1
p u
1
1
0
0
u n
s e le c t
e n t
e r
ls e
u s e
c o u n te r m o d e
m o d e
w id th m e a s u r e m e n t m o d e
d
Timer/Event Counter 0 Control Register
b 7
T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0
b 0
T 1 O N
T 1 E
T 1 P S C 2
T 1 P S C 1
T 1 P S C 0
T M R 1 C
R e g is te r
T im e r p r e s c a le r r a te s e le
T 1 P
T 1 P S C 2 T 1 P S C 1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
E v e n t C
1 : c o u n
0 : c o u n
P u ls e W
1 : s ta rt
0 : s ta rt
o u n te r a c tiv e e d g
t o n fa llin g e d g e
t o n r is in g e d g e
id th M e a s u r e m e n
c o u n tin g o n r is in g
c o u n tin g o n fa llin g
0
c t
S C 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
T im e r
1 :1
1 :2
1 :4
1 :8
1 :1
1 :3
1 :6
1 :1
R a te
6
4
2
2 8
e s e le c t
t a c tiv e e d g e s e le c t
e d g e , s to p o n fa llin g e d g e
e d g e , s to p o n r is in g e d g e
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r c o u n tin g e n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
O p e r a tin g m o d e
T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0
e v
1
0
tim
0
1
p u
1
1
0
0
u n
s e le c t
e n t
e r
ls e
u s e
c o u n te r m o d e
m o d e
w id th m e a s u r e m e n t m o d e
d
Timer/Event Counter 1 Control Register
Rev. 1.10
26
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
In this mode the external timer pin is used as the
Timer/Event Counter clock source, however it is not divided by the internal prescaler. After the other bits in the
Timer Control Register have been setup, the enable bit,
which is bit 4 of the Timer Control Register, can be set
high to enable the Timer/Event Counter to run. If the Active Edge Select bit, which is bit 3 of the Timer Control
Register, is low, the Timer/Event Counter will increment
each time the external timer pin receives a low to high
transition. If the Active Edge Select bit is high, the counter will increment each time the external timer pin receives a high to low transition. When it is full and
overflows, an interrupt signal is generated and the
Timer/Event Counter will reload the value already
loaded into the preload register and continue counting.
The interrupt can be disabled by ensuring that the
Timer/Event Counter Interrupt Enable bit in the Interrupt
Control Register, INTC1, is reset to zero.
In this mode the internal clock, fSYS, is used as the
Timer/Event Counter clock. However, this clock source
is further divided by a prescaler, the value of which is determined by the Prescaler Rate Select bits, which are
bits 0~2 in the Timer Control Register. After the other
bits in the Timer Control Register have been setup, the
enable bit, which is bit 4 of the Timer Control Register,
can be set high to enable the Timer/Event Counter, however it will not actually start counting until an active edge
is received on the external timer pin.
If the Active Edge Select bit, which is bit 3 of the Timer
Control Register, is low, once a high to low transition has
been received on the external timer pin, the Timer/Event
Counter will start counting until the external timer pin returns to its original high level. At this point the enable bit
will be automatically reset to zero and the Timer/Event
Counter will stop counting. If the Active Edge Select bit
is high, the Timer/Event Counter will begin counting
once a low to high transition has been received on the
external timer pin and stop counting when the external
timer pin returns to its original low level. As before, the
enable bit will be automatically reset to zero and the
Timer/Event Counter will stop counting. It is important to
note that in the Pulse Width Measurement Mode, the
enable bit is automatically reset to zero when the external control signal on the external timer pin returns to its
original level, whereas in the other two modes the enable bit can only be reset to zero under program control.
As the external timer pin is shared with an I/O pin,
PB7/TMR0/TMR1, to ensure that the pin is configured to
operate as an event counter input pin, two things have to
happen. The first is to ensure that the Operating Mode
Select bits in the Timer Control Register place the
Timer/Event Counter in the Event Counting Mode, the
second is to ensure that the port control register
configures the pin as an input. It should be noted that in
the event counting mode, even if the microcontroller is in
the Power Down Mode, the Timer/Event Counter will
continue to record externally changing logic events on
the timer input pin. As a result when the timer overflows
it will generate a timer interrupt and corresponding
wake-up source.
The residual value in the Timer/Event Counter, which
can now be read by the program, therefore represents
the length of the pulse received on the external timer
pin. As the enable bit has now been reset, any further
transitions on the external timer pin will be ignored. Not
until the enable bit is again set high by the program can
the timer begin further pulse width measurements. In
this way, single shot pulse measurements can be easily
made.
Configuring the Pulse Width Measurement Mode
In this mode, the Timer/Event Counter can be utilised to
measure the width of external pulses applied to the external timer pin. To operate in this mode, the Operating
Mode Select bit pair in the Timer Control Register must
be set to the correct value as shown.
Control Register Operating Mode
Select Bits for the Pulse Width
Measurement Mode
It should be noted that in this mode the Timer/Event
Counter is controlled by logical transitions on the external timer pin and not by the logic level. When the
Timer/Event Counter is full and overflows, an interrupt
signal is generated and the Timer/Event Counter will reload the value already loaded into the preload register
Bit7 Bit6
1
1
E x te rn a l T M R 0 /T M R 1
P in In p u t
T 0 O N o r T 1 O N
( w ith T 0 E o r T 1 E = 0 )
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o u n te r
+ 1
T im e r
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t is s a m p le d a t e v e r y fa llin g e d g e o f T 1 .
Pulse Width Measure Mode Timing Chart
Rev. 1.10
27
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Using this method of frequency generation, and if a
crystal oscillator is used for the system clock, very precise values of frequency can be generated.
and continue counting. The interrupt can be disabled by
ensuring that the Timer/Event Counter Interrupt Enable
bit in the Interrupt Control Register 1, INTC1, is reset to
zero.
Bits T0PSC0~T0PSC2 of the TMR0C register are used
to define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock
sources of Timer/Event Counter 0. Bits T1PSC0~
T1PSC2 of the TMR1C register are used to define the
pre-scaling stages of the internal clock sources of
Timer/Event Counter 1. The Timer/Event Counter 0 and
Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow signals can be used to
generate signals for the PFD and Timer Interrupt.
As the external timer pin is shared with an I/O pin, to ensure that the pin is configured to operate as a pulse
width measurement pin, two things have to happen. The
first is to ensure that the Operating Mode Select bits in
the Timer Control Register place the Timer/Event Counter in the Pulse Width Measurement Mode, the second
is to ensure that the port control register configures the
pin as an input.
I/O Interfacing
Programmable Frequency Divider - PFD
The Timer/Event Counter 0 and Timer/Event Counter 1,
when configured to run in the event counter or pulse
width measurement mode, require the use of the external PB7/TMR0/TMR1 pin for correct operation. As this
pin is a shared pin it must be configured correctly to ensure it is setup for use as a Timer/Event Counter 0 and
Timer/Event Counter 1 input and not as a normal I/O pin.
This is implemented by ensuring that the mode select
bits in the Timer/Event Counter 0 or Timer/Event Counter 1 control register, selects either the event counter or
pulse width measurement mode. Additionally the Port
Control Register PBC bit 7 must be set high to ensure
that the pin is setup as an input. Any pull-high resistor
configuration option on this pin will remain valid even if
the pin is used as a Timer/Event Counter 0 or
Timer/Event Counter 1 input.
The PFD output is pin-shared with the I/O pin PD0. The
PFD on/off function and its timer source are selected via
configuration option, however, if not selected, the pin
can operate as a normal I/O pin. The timer overflow signal is the clock source for the PFD circuit. The output
frequency is controlled by loading the required values
into the timer register and if available the timer prescaler
registers to give the required frequency. The timer/event
counter, driven by the system clock and if applicable, divided by the prescaler value, will begin to count-up from
this preloaded register value until full, at which point an
overflow signal will be generated, causing the PFD output to change state. The counter will then be automatically reloaded with the preload register value and once
again continue counting-up.
For the PFD output to function, it is essential that the
corresponding bit of the Port D control register PDC bit 0
is setup as an output. If setup as an input the PFD output
will not function, however, the pin can still be used as a
normal input pin. The PFD output will only be activated if
bit PD0 is set to ²1². This output data bit is used as the
on/off control bit for the PFD output. Note that the PFD
output will be low if the PD0 output data bit is cleared to
²0².
T im e r O v e r flo w
P F D C lo c k
P D 0 D a ta
P F D O u tp u t a t P D 0
PFD Output Control
Rev. 1.10
28
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Programming Considerations
It is also important to ensure that an initial value is first
loaded into the timer register before the timer is
switched on; this is because after power-on the initial
value of the timer register is unknown. After the timer
has been initialised the timer can be turned on and off by
controlling the enable bit in the timer control register.
Note that setting the timer enable bit high to turn the
timer on, should only be executed after the timer mode
bits have been properly setup. Setting the timer enable
bit high together with a mode bit modification, may lead
to improper timer operation if executed as a single timer
control register byte write instruction.
When configured to run in the timer mode, the internal
system clock is used as the timer clock source and is
therefore synchronized with the overall operation of the
microcontroller. In this mode, when the appropriate
timer register is full, the microcontroller will generate an
internal interrupt signal directing the program flow to the
respective internal interrupt vector. For the pulse width
measurement mode, the internal system clock is also
used as the timer clock source but the timer will only run
when the correct logic condition appears on the external
timer input pin. As this is an external event and not sync h ro n is ed w i t h t h e i n t e r nal t i m e r c l o ck, t h e
microcontroller will only see this external event when the
next timer clock pulse arrives. As a result there may be
small differences in measured values requiring programmers to take this into account during programming.
The same applies if the timer is configured to be in the
event counting mode which again is an external event
and not synchronised with the internal system or timer
clock.
When the Timer/Event counter overflows, its corresponding interrupt request flag in the interrupt control
register will be set. If the timer interrupt is enabled this
will in turn generate an interrupt signal. However irrespective of whether the timer interrupt is enabled or not,
a Timer/Event counter overflow will also generate a
wake-up signal if the device is in a Power-down condition. This situation may occur if the Timer/Event Counter
is in the Event Counting Mode and if the external signal
continues to change state. In such a case, the
Timer/Event Counter will continue to count these external events and if an overflow occurs the device will be
woken up from its Power-down condition. To prevent
such a wake-up from occurring, the timer interrupt request flag should first be set high before issuing the
HALT instruction to enter the Power Down Mode.
When the Timer/Event Counter is read or if data is written to the registers, the clock is inhibited to avoid errors,
however as this may result in a counting error, this
should be taken into account by the programmer. Care
must be taken to ensure that the timers are properly initialised before using them for the first time. The associated timer enable bits in the interrupt control register
must be properly set otherwise the internal interrupt associated with the timer will remain inactive. The edge
select, timer mode and clock source control bits in timer
control register must also be correctly set to ensure the
timer is properly configured for the required application.
Rev. 1.10
29
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Timer Program Example
This program example shows how the Timer/Event Counter registers are setup, along with how the interrupts are enabled and managed. Note how the Timer/Event Counter is turned on, by setting bit 4 of the Timer Control Register. The
Timer/Event Counter can be turned off in a similar way by clearing the same bit. This example program sets the
Timer/Event Counter tobe in the timer mode, which uses the internal system clock as the clock source.
org 04h
; analog comparator interrupt vector
reti
org 08h
; external interrupt 0 vector
reti
org 0ch
; multi-function interrupt vector
reti
org 010h
; PWM interrupt vector
reti
org 014h
; Timer Counter 0 interrupt vector
jmp tmr0int
; jump here when Timer 0 overflows
org 018h
; Timer Counter 1 interrupt vector
jmp tmr1int
; jump here when Timer 1 overflows
:
:
org 20h
; main program
:
:
;internal Timer 0 interrupt routine
tmr0int:
:
; Timer 0 main program placed here
:
reti
:
;internal Timer 1 interrupt routine
tmr1int:
:
;Timer 1 main program placed here
:
reti
:
begin:
;setup Timer 0 registers
mov a,09bh
; setup Timer 0 preload value
mov tmr0,a
mov a,081h
; setup Timer 0 control register
mov tmr0c,a
; timer mode and prescaler set to /2
;setup Timer 1 registers
clr tmr1l
clr tmr1h
; clear timer register to give maximum count value
mov a,080h
; setup Timer 1 control register
mov tmr1c,a
; timer mode and prescaler set to /1
;setup interrupt register
mov a,06h
; enable Timer 0 and Timer 1 interrupt
mov intc1,a
mov a,01h
; enable master interrupt
mov intc0,a
:
:
set tmr0c.4 ; start Timer 0
set tmr1c.4 ; start Timer 1
:
Rev. 1.10
30
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Pulse Width Modulator
The microcontroller is provided with a three channel
10-bit PWM function. Each channel has a pair of Complementary PWM outputs. Useful for such applications
such as motor speed control, the PWM function provides an output with a fixed frequency but with a duty cycle that can be varied by setting particular 10-bit values
into the corresponding PWM registers.
Register Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
PWMxH
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
PWMxL
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
D1
D0
PWMnH, PWMnL Registers
Writing to the PWM data register pair, PWMnL/PWMnH,
must be carried out in a specific way. It must be noted
that when writing data into the low byte register, namely
PWMnL, the data will only be placed in a low byte buffer
and not directly into the PWMnL register. The actual
transfer of the data into the low byte timer register is only
carried out when a write to its associated high byte timer
register, namely PWMnH, is executed. However, using
instructions to write data into the high byte register,
PWMnH, will result in the data being directly written to
the register. At the same time the data in the low byte
buffer will be transferred into the PWMnL register. For
this reason, the low byte register should be written first
when preloading data into the PWM register pair.
Similary when reading the PWM low register, PWMnL,
note that only the low byte buffer value will be read. If the
PWM duty has a value between 3F0H to 3FFH, then the
PWMxH output will be fully active and the PWMxL output will be fully inactive.
PWM Clock Source
The PWM clock is sourced from the system clock fSYS. It
can be further subdivided using an internal divider to
provide a frequency range from fSYS ~ fSYS/8 using the
PWMPS0~PWMPS2 bits in the PWMC1 register. This
clock source is used to drive an internal PWM 10-bit
counter which is compared with the programmed PWM
data value for duty cycle control. The clock source selection also determines the PWM signal frequency. The
PWM frequency is determined by the internal PWM
10-bit counter overflow signal. A PWM clock source of
fSYS~fSYS/8, gives a fixed frequency output range of
fSYS/1024~ fSYS/8192.
PWM Operation
As the PWM duty cycle value is 10-bits wide, each channel requires a pair of data registers, a low byte and a
high byte, named PWMnL and PWMnH . The lower two
bits are stored in the PWMnL register while the eight
higher order bits are stored in the PWMnH register.
P W M P S 0 ~ P W M P S 2
fS
Y S
P r e s c a le r
¸ (1 ~ 8 )
fS
fS
Y S
Y S
~
/8
U p
C o u n te r
M o d e
S e le c t
R e lo a d
R e lo a d
1 0 - b it/( 9 + 1 ) b it/( 8 + 2 ) b it/( 7 + 3 ) b it
D e a d T im e
C o n tro l
P W M D u ty
P W M n H , P W M n L
In te rru p t
S ig n a l
S e t P o la r ity
a n d B ra k e
P W M n H
P W M n L
P W M D T 0 ~ P W M D T 2
PWM Block Diagram
Rev. 1.10
31
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
The accompanying table shows a range of already calculated PWM frequency values for user reference.
As the PWM outputs are shared with I/O pins, each pin
has a corresponding bit in the PCPWMC register to determine if it is to be used an an I/O pin or as a PWM output pin. The three PWM channels can be chosen to
have either single or dual complimentary outputs, chosen via the PWMCEN bit in the PWMC0 register. The
Port control register, PCC, must also ensure that the
pins are setup as outputs for correct operation.
· 10-bit PWM Full Frequency
Once the PWM function is properly setup, its individual
outputs can be enabled using bits in the PCPWMD register. When the PWM output function is enabled, the
PWMPS0~PWMPS2, PWMxL and PWMxH register values can be written to at any time, even if the PWM is running.
When the BLDC mode is enabled by setting the
BLDCMD bit in the DBTC register high, this ensures that
the PWMnH/PWMnL and their corresponding complimentary I/O pins can never both be active at the same
time. Pins PC0/PC2/PC4 or PC1/PC3/PC5 are active
high or active low also by configuration option.
fSYS=
12MHz
fSYS=
16MHz
fSYS=
20MHz
Unit
000
11.72
15.63
19.53
kHz
001
5.86
7.81
9.77
kHz
010
3.91
5.21
6.51
kHz
011
2.93
3.91
4.88
kHz
100
2.34
3.13
3.91
kHz
101
1.95
2.60
3.26
kHz
110
1.67
2.23
2.79
kHz
111
1.46
1.95
2.44
kHz
· (9+1)-bit PWM Full Frequency
The PWM frequency depends upon the PWM Mode
chosen, the system clock frequency fSYS and the condition of the PWMPS0~PWMPS2 bits. By programming
suitable values for these bits the user has the flexibility
to choose from a wide range of frequencies to suit their
application needs. The following equation shows how
the frequency can be calculated. The decimal equivalent of the binary bit value should be substituted to calculate the value.
Mode
PWMPS2~
PWMPS0
PWM Frequency
PWMPS2~
PWMPS0
fSYS=
12MHz
fSYS=
16MHz
fSYS=
20MHz
Unit
000
23.44
31.25
39.06
kHz
001
11.72
15.63
19.53
kHz
010
7.81
10.42
13.02
kHz
011
5.86
7.81
9.77
kHz
100
4.69
6.25
7.81
kHz
101
3.91
5.21
6.51
kHz
110
3.35
4.46
5.58
kHz
111
2.93
3.91
4.88
kHz
10-bit
fSYS¸(1024´((PWMPS2~PWMPS0)+1)
9+1
fSYS¸(512´((PWMPS2~PWMPS0)+1)
8+2
fSYS¸(256´((PWMPS2~PWMPS0)+1)
PWMPS2~
PWMPS0
fSYS=
12MHz
fSYS=
16MHz
fSYS=
20MHz
Unit
7+3
fSYS¸(128´((PWMPS2~PWMPS0)+1)
000
46.88
62.50
78.13
kHz
001
23.44
31.25
39.06
kHz
010
15.63
20.83
26.04
kHz
· PWMPS2~PWMPS0=011 (decimal 3)
011
11.72
15.63
19.53
kHz
¼ gives a PWM frequency of 2.93kHz
100
9.38
12.50
15.63
kHz
101
7.81
10.42
13.02
kHz
110
6.7
8.93
11.16
kHz
111
5.86
7.81
9.77
kHz
· (8+2)-bit PWM Full Frequency
For Example in the 10-bit operating mode if:
· fSYS=12MHz
Rev. 1.10
32
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
the PWM register is denoted by DC which is the value of
PWMH.7~PWMH.0. Group 2 is denoted by AC which is
the value of PWML.1~PWML.0 (PWML).
· (7+3)-bit PWM Full Frequency
PWMPS2~
PWMPS0
fSYS=
12MHz
fSYS=
16MHz
fSYS=
20MHz
Unit
000
93.75
125.00
156.25
kHz
001
46.88
62.50
78.13
kHz
010
31.25
41.67
52.08
kHz
011
23.44
31.25
39.06
kHz
8+2 Mode
100
18.75
25.00
31.25
kHz
101
15.63
20.83
26.04
kHz
110
13.39
17.86
22.32
kHz
111
11.72
15.63
19.53
kHz
The (7+3) bits mode PWM cycle is divided into eight
modulation cycles, modulation cycle 0~modulation cycle 7. Each modulation cycle has 128 PWM input clock
periods. In the (7+3) bit PWM function, the contents of
the PWM register are divided into two groups. Group 1
of the PWM register is denoted by DC which is the value
of PWMH.7~PWMH.1. Group 2 is denoted by AC which
are the value of PWMH.0 and PWML.1~PWML.0
(PWMH.0~PWML.0).
PWM Modes
The PWM output can be chosen to operate in a number
of output modes, these are 10-bit, (9+1) bit, (8+2) bit and
(7+3) bit output modes. The difference between each
Mode is in how the PWM output waveform is subdivided
into different sub cycles. The output mode is chosen using a configuration option and applies to all channels.
AC0~AC1
Duty Cycle
Modulation
Cycle I (i=0~1)
i<AC
(DC+1)/512
i³AC
DC/512
Modulation
Cycle I (i=0~3)
i<AC
(DC+1)/256
i³AC
DC/256
Parameter
AC0~AC7
Duty Cycle
Modulation Cycle I (i=0~7)
i<AC
(DC+1)/128
i³AC
DC/128
PWM Modulation Frequency
PWM Cycle
Frequency
PWM Cycle
Duty
fPWM/1024
-10-bits mode
fPWM/512 - (9+1)
mode
fPWM/256 - (8+2)
mode
fPWM/128 - (7+3)
mode
fPWM/1024
[PWM]/1024
fPWM=fSYS/1024~fSYS/8192
Frequency Table
The (8+2) bits mode PWM cycle is divided into four
modulation cycles, modulation cycle 0~modulation cycle 3. Each modulation cycle has 256 PWM input clock
periods. In a (8+2) bit PWM function, the contents of the
PWM register are divided into two groups. Group 1 of
W M
Duty Cycle
The modulation frequency, cycle frequency and cycle
duty of the PWM output signal are summarized in the
accompanying table.
9+1 Mode
fP
AC0~AC3
7+3 Mode
The (9+1) Mode PWM cycle is divided into two modulation cycles, modulation cycle 0 and modulation cycle 1.
Each modulation cycle has 512 PWM input clock periods. In a (9+1) bit PWM function, the contents of the
PWM register are divided into two groups. Group 1 of
the PWM registers are denoted by DC which are the values of PWMH.7~PWMH.0 and PWML.1 (9 bits from
PWMH~PWML.1). Group 2 is denoted by AC which is
the value of PWML.0.
Parameter
Parameter
/2
[P W M ] = 1 0 0
P W M
1 0 0 /1 0 2 4
P W M
1 0 0 /1 0 2 4
M o d u la tio n P e r io d : 1 0 2 4 /fP
P W M
F u ll C y c le : 1 0 2 4 /fP
1 0 0 /1 0 2 4
W M
W M
Standard 10 Bit PWM Mode
Rev. 1.10
33
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
fP
W M
/2
[P W M ] = 1 0 0
P W M
5 0 /5 1 2
5 0 /5 1 2
5 0 /5 1 2
5 1 /5 1 2
5 0 /5 1 2
5 1 /5 1 2
5 1 /5 1 2
5 1 /5 1 2
5 1 /5 1 2
5 1 /5 1 2
5 2 /5 1 2
[P W M ] = 1 0 1
P W M
[P W M ] = 1 0 2
P W M
[P W M ] = 1 0 3
P W M
5 2 /5 1 2
P W M
M o d u la tio n P e r io d : 5 1 2 /fP
W M
P W M
C y c le : 1 0 2 4 /fP
W M
(9+1) PWM Mode
fP
W M
/2
[P W M ] = 1 0 0
P W M
2 5 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
2 5 /2 5 6
2 6 /2 5 6
[P W M ] = 1 0 1
P W M
[P W M ] = 1 0 2
P W M
[P W M ] = 1 0 3
P W M
P W M
M o d u la tio n P e r io d : 2 5 6 /fP
W M
P W M
F u ll P e r io d : 1 0 2 4 /fP
W M
(8+2) PWM Mode
fP
W M
/2
[P W M ] = 1 1 2
P W M
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 4 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
1 5 /1 2 8
[P W M ] = 1 1 3
P W M
1 5 /1 2 8
[P W M ] = 1 1 4
P W M
1 5 /1 2 8
[P W M ] = 1 1 5
P W M
1 5 /1 2 8
[P W M ] = 1 1 6
P W M
1 5 /1 2 8
[P W M ] = 1 1 7
P W M
1 5 /1 2 8
[P W M ] = 1 1 8
P W M
1 5 /1 2 8
[P W M ] = 1 1 9
P W M
1 5 /1 2 8
P W M
M o d u la tio n P e r io d : 1 2 8 /fP
W M
P W M
F u ll P e r io d : 1 0 2 4 /fP
W M
(7+3) PWM Mode
Rev. 1.10
34
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
PWM Output Control
The PWMCTRL bit in the PWMC0 register acts as a
master control bit for the PWM outputs. When this bit is
high the selected PWM outputs will be active and when
the bit is low all the PWM outputs will be placed into their
inactive state as defined by configuration options. The
three PWM pins PWM0H, PWM1H and PWM2H have a
control bit, PWMEN, and the complementary PWM pins,
PWM0L, PWM1L and PWM2L, have a control bit,
PWMCEN. When these bits are set to high their three
corresponding PWM pins will be active, when the bits
are cleared to zero their PWM pins will be set to the inactive state as defined by configuration options.
There are a total of six PWM pins, divided into three
pairs of complimentary PWM outputs. The PWM outputs are controlled using a combination of register bits,
configuration options and external pins. The PWM outputs can be either a single output, PWMH, or a complimentary pair of outputs, PWMH and PWML. Both the
PWMH and PWML outputs can be set to be either active
high or active low using configuration options.
I/O Pin
PWM Line
PC0
PWM0H
PC1
PWM0L
PC2
PWM1H
PC3
PWM1L
PC4
PWM2H
PC5
PWM2L
PWMCM Bit
As not all of the PWM may be required, the devices offer
the flexibility to select which pins are used as PWM pins
and which pins are used as I/O pins. This is determined
either by bits in the PCPWMC and PCPWMD registers
or by the PC6 and PC7 pins. The PWMCM bit in the
PWMC2 register selects which method is used for PWM
or I/O control.
PWM or I/O Select
PWM Enable
PCPWMD register
PWMEN/PWMCEN bits
PWMCTRL bit
1
PCPWMC register
0
PC6/PC7 pins
PWMEN/PWMCEN bits
PCPWMD register
PC.0~PC.5 port data bits,
PWMCTRL bit
When the PWMCM bit is zero, external pins PC6 and PC7 will control which pins are PWM output pins and which pins
are I/O pins as shown in the following tables:
PWMC=0
PWMEN
0
Control Pins
Pin Function
PC7
PC6
PC4
PC2
PC0
X
X
I/O
I/O
I/O
1
0
0
I/O
I/O
0: inactive PWM0H
1: active PWM0H
1
0
1
I/O
0: inactive PWM1H
1: active PWM1H
I/O
1
1
0
0: inactive PWM2H
1: active PWM2H
I/O
I/O
1
1
1
0: inactive PWM2H
1: active PWM2H
0: inactive PWM1H
1: active PWM1H
0: inactive PWM0H
1: active PWM0H
PWM Pin Output Control
Rev. 1.10
35
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
PWMC=0
PWMCEN
Control Pins
Pin Function
PC7
PC6
PC5
PC3
PC1
0
X
X
I/O
I/O
I/O
1
0
0
I/O
I/O
0: inactive PWM0L
1: active PWM0L
1
0
1
I/O
0: inactive PWM1L
1: active PWM1L
I/O
1
1
0
0: inactive PWM2L
1: active PWM2L
I/O
I/O
1
1
1
0: inactive PWM2L
1: active PWM2L
0: inactive PWM1L
1: active PWM1L
0: inactive PWM0L
1: active PWM0L
Complimentary PWM Pin Output Control
In the above two tables note that the PC data bits PC0~PC5 are used to activate the PWM outputs. Setting these bits to
a high level will activate the PWM output while clearing them to zero will set the PWM outputs to their inactive state.
Note also that the relevant bits in the PCPWMD register must be set high to activate the PWM output. The port control
register PCC must be properly setup to ensure that all the required PWM are setup as outputs.
For the situation in the above two tables the following conditions must also be setup to activate the PWM outputs:
PWMCTRL=1, PCPWMD=3FH and PCC=00H.
PCPWMD
register control
bit 0
PC
register
PWMEN Bit,
PWMCEN Bit and
PC.6 / PC.7 Bits
PWMCTRL
master control bit
bit 0
PW M0H
PW M0 data
I/O data
bit 1
I/O data
bit 3
I/O data
bit 5
PW M1H
or PC2
MUX
PW M1L
or PC3
MUX
PW M2H
or PC4
MUX
PW M2L
or PC5
PC3
bit 4
PW M2H
PW M2 data
MUX
PC2
PWM1L
bit 4
PW M0L
or PC1
bit 2
PW M1H
bit 3
MUX
PC1
I/O data
PW M1 data
PW M0H
or PC0
bit 1
PWM0L
bit 2
MUX
PC0
I/O data
PC4
bit 5
PWM2L
I/O data
PC5
PWM Output Control for PWMCM = 0
Rev. 1.10
36
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
When the PWMCM bit is high, the PCPWMC register will control which pins are PWM output pins and which pins are
I/O pins. Bits in the PCPPWMD register are used to activate individual PWM outputs. If these bits are set high then the
relevant PWM output will be activated, if the bits are cleared to zero then the relevant PWM output will be set to its inactive state as defined by configuration options.
PCPWMD
Register Control
PW MEN
Bit
PWMCTRL
Master Control Bit
PCPWMC
Register
bit 0
bit 0
PWM0H
PW M0 data
I/O data
bit 1
MUX
PC0
PW M0H
or PC0
bit 1
PW M0L
I/O data
PC1
bit 2
PW M0L
or PC1
bit 2
PWM1H
PW M1 data
MUX
I/O data
bit 3
MUX
PC2
PW M1H
or PC2
bit 3
PW M1L
I/O data
bit 4
PW M1L
or PC3
bit 4
PWM2H
PW M2 data
MUX
PC3
I/O data
bit 5
MUX
PC4
PW M2H
or PC4
bit 5
PW M2L
I/O data
PC5
MUX
PW M2L
or PC5
PW MCEN
bit
PWM Output Control for PWMCM = 1
The PWM buffer enable/disabled bit in the PCPWMC
register determines how the output is updated when a
new duty value is written into the PWM registers. If the
PWM buffer is enabled then the output waveform will be
updated immediately after the present sub-cycle ends,
however if the PWM buffer is disabled then the output
waveform will not be updated until the PWM cycle finishes. For example, in the 8+2 mode the sub cycle is
256 clock cycles after which the new PWM value will be
reflected in the PWM output waveform if the PWM buffer
is enabled.
The PWMCTRL bit in the PWMC0 register acts as a
PWM master control bit. If this bit is high then all the selected PWM outputs will be active. If the bit is low all the
selected PWM outputs will be placed into their inactive
condition as determined by configuration options.
The PWMSP0 ~ PWMSP2 bits in the PWMC1 register
allow a range of hardware methods to be used to stop
the PWM outputs. For some of these methods, after
stopping the PWM, recovery is only possible after the
PWMCTRL bit is first cleared to zero and then set high
again by the application program. Additionally the
PWMLEV and PWMCLEV bits in the PWMC1 register,
allow the application program to read the status of the
two configuration options which determine whether the
PWM outputs are active high or active low.
Rev. 1.10
37
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
b 7
P W M B U F
P C 5 M O D
P C 4 M O D
P C 3 M O D
P C 2 M O D
P C 1 M O D
b 0
P C 0 M O D
P C P W M C
R e g is te r
P C 0 o u tp u t m o d e
1 : P W M m o d e
0 : I/O m o d e
P C 1 o u tp u t m o d e
1 : P W M m o d e
0 : I/O m o d e
P C 2 o u tp u t m o d e
1 : P W M m o d e
0 : I/O m o d e
P C 3 o u tp u t m o d e
1 : P W M m o d e
0 : I/O m o d e
P C 4 o u tp u t m o d e
1 : P W M m o d e
0 : I/O m o d e
P C 5 o u tp u t m o d e
1 : P W M m o d e
0 : I/O m o d e
P W M
1 : P W
P W
p re
0 : P W
P W
a fte
b u ffe r e n a
M b u ffe r e
w a v e fo
s e n t P W M
M b u ffe r d
M w a v e fo
r p re s e n t
M
b le /d is a
n a b le d
rm n o t u
e n d s
is a b le d
rm u p d a
P W M s u
b le
p d a te d u n til
te d im m e d ia te ly
b c y c le
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
PCPWMC Register
b 7
P W M 2 L D
P W M 2 H D
P W M 1 L D
P W M 1 H D
P W M 0 L D
b 0
P W M 0 H D
P C P W M D
R e g is te r
P W M 0 H o n /o ff c o n tro l
1 : P W M s ig n a l
0 : in a c tiv e le v e l
P W M 0 L o n /o ff c o n tro l
1 : P W M s ig n a l
0 : in a c tiv e le v e l
P W M 1 H o n /o ff c o n tro l
1 : P W M s ig n a l
0 : in a c tiv e le v e l
P W M 1 L o n /o ff c o n tro l
1 : P W M s ig n a l
0 : in a c tiv e le v e l
P W M 2 H o n /o ff c o n tro l
1 : P W M s ig n a l
0 : in a c tiv e le v e l
P W M 2 L o n /o ff c o n tro l
1 : P W M s ig n a l
0 : in a c tiv e le v e l
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
PCPWMD Register
Rev. 1.10
38
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
b 7
P W M C T R L P W M D T 2
P W M D T 1
P W M D T 0
D T E N
P W M C E N
b 0
P W M E N
P W M C 0 R e g is te r
P W M o u tp u t e n a b le /d is a b le
0 : d is a b le d
1 : e n a b le d
P W M C o m p le m e n ta r y o u tp u t e n a b le /d is a b le
0 : d is a b le d
1 : e n a b le d
P W M C o m p le m e n ta r y o u tp u t w ith d e a d tim e e n a b le /d is a b le
0 : w ith o u t d e a d tim e
1 : w ith d e a d tim e
P W
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 1
1 1
M C
0 = D
1 = D
0 = D
1 = D
0 = D
1 = D
0 = D
1 = D
o m
e a
e a
e a
e a
e a
e a
e a
e a
p le
d tim
d tim
d tim
d tim
d tim
d tim
d tim
d tim
m e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
P W M a n d P W M
0 : in a c tiv e
1 : a c tiv e
n ta
is 1
is 2
is 3
is 4
is 5
is 6
is 7
is 8
r y o u tp u t d e a d tim e
/fD
/fD
/fD
/fD
/fD
/fD
/fD
/fD
m a s te r o u tp u t c o n tro l
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
PWMC0 Register
b 7
P W M P S 2
P W M P S 1
P W M P S 0
P W M S P 2
P W M S P 1
P W M S P 0
P W M C L E V
b 0
P W M L E V
P W M C 1 R e g is te r
P W
0 : P
1 : P
If th
M
o u tp
c o
W M c o
e P W M
u t p o la r ity
n fig u r a tio
n fig u r a tio
fu n c tio n
P W
0 : P
1 : P
If th
M
C o m
c o
W M c o
e P W M
p le m
n fig
n fig
C o
S to
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
p th e P W M
= P W M m
= P W M m
= P W M m
= P W M m
o r b y IN
= P W M x H
b y C O U
= O n ly P W
re c o v e r
= O n ly P W
= P W M x H
b y C O U
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
P W
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 1
1 1
W M
W M
M c lo c k p
0 = fP W M is
1 = fP W M is
0 = fP W M is
1 = fP W M is
0 = fP W M is
1 = fP W M is
0 = fP W M is
1 = fP W M is
o p
n a
n a
is d
e n ta ry
u r a tio n
u r a tio n
m p le m e
tio n
c tiv
c tiv
is a
fla g . R
e h ig h
e lo w o
b le d , th
e a d o n ly .
o u tp u ts
u tp u ts
is b it is in v a lid .
o u tp
a c tiv
a c tiv
n ta r
u t p o la
e h ig h
e lo w o
y is fu n
r ity o p tio n fla g . R e a d o n ly .
o u tp u ts
u tp u ts
c tio n d is a b le , th is b it is in v a lid .
a n d P W M C o m p le m
o d u le o u tp u t c a n b e s
o d u le o u tp u t c a n b e s
o d u le o u tp u t c a n b e s
o d u le o u tp u t c a n b e s
T 1 in te r r u p t
/P W M x L o u tp u ts a re
T o r P A 3 fa llin g e d g e
M x H o u tp u t is in a c tiv
b y C O U T o r P A 3 r is in
M x H o u tp u t is in a c tiv
/P W M x L o u tp u t is in a
T o r P A 3 fa llin g e d g e
e
to
to
to
to
n ta
p p
p p
p p
p p
ry
e d
e d
e d
e d
u s in
b y
b y
b y
b y
g h a
s o ftw
C O U
IN T 1
C O U
r d w a r e s e le
a re c o n tro l
T o r P A 3 fa
in te r r u p t
T o r P A 3 fa
c tio n .
o n ly
llin g e d g e
in
a
e
g
e
c
a c tiv e /a c tiv e
n d r e c o v e r b y C O U T o r P A 3 r is in g
b y C O U T o r P A 3 fa llin g e d g e a n d
llin g e d g e
b y C O U T o r P A 3 fa llin g e d g e
tiv e /a c tiv e
r e s c a le r r a te .
fS Y S
fS Y S /2
fS Y S /3
fS Y S /4
fS Y S /5
fS Y S /6
fS Y S /7
fS Y S /8
PWMC1 Register
Note:
COUT or PA3 is determined by a configuration option. The COUT or PA3 falling edge has a debounce time
under software control.
b 7
P W M C M
b 0
P W M T A D
P W M C 2 R e g is te r
In te
1 : e
w
a
0 : d
rru
n a
h e
fte
is a
p t a u to A /D s ta rt
b le
n a P W M in te r r u p t is g e n e r a te d ,
r 3 A D C c lo c k c y c le s th e A D C w ill s ta r t c o n v e r s io n
b le
P W M o r I/O s e le c tio n d e te r m in e d b y P C 6 /P C 7 o r b y P C P W M C
1 : d e te r m in e d b y P C P W M C
0 : d e te r m in e d b y P C 6 /P C 7
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
PWMC2 Register
Rev. 1.10
39
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
b 7
D T P S 1
b 0
D T P S 0
C O U T E N C M P O P C M P E N
M IS C R e g is te r
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
E n a b le /D is a b le A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r
0 : d is a b le d
1 : e n a b le d
A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r o u tp u t - r e a d o n ly
P A 3 /C O
0 : P A 3 /C
1 : P A 3 /C
C O U T
P W
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
M
: fD
: fD
: fD
: fD
U T
O
O
s
s e
U T
U T
ta tu
le
is
is
s
c tio
I/O
c o
re a
n
p in
m p a ra to r o u tp u t
d v ia P A 3 r e g is te r .
D e a d tim e c lo c k p r e s c a le r r a te
is fS Y S
is fS Y S /2
is fS Y S /4
is fS Y S /8
MISC Register
I/O
D a ta R e g is te r B its
P C .0 , P C .2 , P C .4
P C .1 , P C .3 , P C .5
0 : in a c tiv e
1 : a c tiv e
P W M n L
P W M n H
P C .0 , P C .2 , P C .4
P C .1 , P C .3 , P C .5
P W M n L
P W M n H
P W M L E V , P W M L C L E V = 0 0
P W M L E V , P W M L C L E V = 0 1
P W M L E V , P W M L C L E V = 1 0
P W M L E V , P W M L C L E V = 1 1
P W M n L
P W M n H
N o te : W a v e fo r m s d o n o t in c lu d e d e a d tim e , n = 0 , 1 , 2
PWM Output Waveform Control
Rev. 1.10
40
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
PWM Dead Time Function
The dead time is a function of the system clock frequency, the DTPSn bits and the PWMDTn bits. By programming suitable values for these bits a wide range of
dead times can be chosen. The following equation
shows how the dead time can be calculated. The decimal equivalent of the binary bit value should be substituted to calculate the value.
Each PWM output normally drives a pair of push-pull
power transistors for load driving. The danger here is
that for short periods of time, both both output transistors may be on simultaneously resulting in virtual short
circuit conditions across the power supply. To prevent
this happening a dead time function is included which
ensures that there is a period of time when both output
transistors are off when the PWM output changes state.
Dead Time value= (1/fD)´((PWMDT2~PWMDT0)+1)
where fD is determined by the DTPSn bits.
The dead time can have a value of 1/fD, 2/fD, 3/fD, 4/fD,
5/fD, 6/fD, 7/fD or 8/fD where fD is fSYS/1, fSYS/2, fSYS/4 or
fSYS/8. The PWM dead time is determined using the
PWMDT2, PWMDT1 and PWMDT0 bits in the PWMC0
register. The DTPS0 and DTPS1 bits in the MISC register select the value for fD.
For example:
· fSYS=12MHz
· DTPS1, DTPS0= 11, i.e. fD=fSYS/8
· PWMDT2~PWMDT0 = 101 (decimal 5)
¼ gives a dead time of 4ms.
A c tiv e
P W M x H
(P W M
w ith o u t D e a d T im e )
P W M x L
In a c tiv e
D e a d T im e
D e a d T im e
P W M x H
(P W M
w ith D e a d T im e )
D e a d T im e
P W M x L
Note:
The PWM and Complementary PWM Outputs include Dead Time ( Both PWMLEV and PWMCLEV= 0)
PWM Dead Time Timing
Rev. 1.10
41
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
The accompanying table shows a range of already calculated dead time values for user reference.
PWMDT2~
PWMDT0
fSYS=12MHz
fD=fSYS
fSYS=16MHz
fD=fSYS
fSYS=20MHz
fD=fSYS
Unit
000
0.08
0.06
0.05
ms
001
0.17
0.13
0.10
ms
010
0.25
0.19
0.15
ms
011
0.33
0.25
0.20
ms
100
0.42
0.31
0.25
ms
101
0.50
0.38
0.30
ms
110
0.58
0.44
0.35
ms
111
0.67
0.50
0.40
ms
PWMDT2~
PWMDT0
fSYS=12MHz
fD=fSYS/2
fSYS=16MHz
fD=fSYS/2
fSYS=20MHz
fD=fSYS/2
Unit
000
0.17
0.13
0.10
ms
001
0.33
0.25
0.20
ms
010
0.50
0.38
0.30
ms
011
0.67
0.50
0.40
ms
100
0.83
0.63
0.50
ms
101
1.00
0.75
0.60
ms
110
1.17
0.88
0.70
ms
111
1.33
1.00
0.80
ms
PWMDT2~
PWMDT0
fSYS=12MHz
fD=fSYS/4
fSYS=16MHz
fD=fSYS/4
fSYS=20MHz
fD=fSYS/4
Unit
000
0.33
0.25
0.20
ms
001
0.67
0.50
0.40
ms
010
1.00
0.75
0.60
ms
011
1.33
1.00
0.80
ms
100
1.67
1.25
1.00
ms
101
2.00
1.50
1.20
ms
110
2.33
1.75
1.40
ms
111
2.67
2.00
1.60
ms
PWMDT2~
PWMDT0
fSYS=12MHz
fD=fSYS/8
fSYS=16MHz
fD=fSYS/8
fSYS=20MHz
fD=fSYS/8
Unit
000
0.67
0.50
0.40
ms
001
1.33
1.00
0.80
ms
010
2.00
1.50
1.20
ms
011
2.67
2.00
1.60
ms
100
3.33
2.50
2.00
ms
101
4.00
3.00
2.40
ms
110
4.67
3.50
2.80
ms
111
5.33
4.00
3.20
ms
Dead Time Values
Rev. 1.10
42
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
PWM Interrupt
PWM Configuration Options
Each time the PWM counter overflows, a PWM interrupt
request will be generated. Whether an actual interrupt is
generated can be determined by enabling or disabling
the EPWMI bit in the INTC1 register. The interrupt request is generated on the leading edge of the PWM signal. The PWMTAD bit in the PWMC2 register, if set, will
automatically initiate an A/D converter conversion cycle
when a PWM interrupt is generated.
There are three configuration options associated with
the PWM function. One is to determine the modulation
type of the PWM waveform which can be chosen to be
either 9+1, 8+2 or 7+3. The other two options determine
if the PWM outputs are active high or active low, one of
these options controls the three non-complementary
outputs while the other controls the three complementary outputs. The PWMLEV and PWMCLEV read-only
bits in the PWMC1 register reflect the condition of these
two configuration option bits and can be read by the application program to indicate the active high or active
low condition of the PWM pins.
P W M n
C o m p le m e n ta r y P W M n
P W M n W ith D e a d T im e
C o m p le m e n ta r y P W M n
W ith d e a d tim e
P W M
In te rru p t
PWM Interrupt Generation
Configuration Option
Bit
PWM Output Level
Selection
PWM Complementary
Output Level Selection
Description
PWMLEV
This option determines if the PWM output is Active Low or Active High. If the
bit is read as zero then the PWM output has been defined as active high. If
the bit is read as high then the PWM output has been defined as active low.
If the PWM function is disabled then this bit is invalid.
PWMCLEV
This option determines if the PWM complimentary outputs are Active Low or
Active High.If the bit is read as zero then the PWM complementary outputs
have been defined as active high. If the bit is read as high then the PWM
complementary outputs have been defined as active low.f the PWM function is disabled then this bit is invalid.
D e - b o u n c e T im e
C O U T o r P A 3
C O U T o r P A 3 w ith D e - b o u n c e T im e
A c tiv e
P W M x H
[P W M
w ith o u t D e a d T im e ( 0 0 0 ) M o d e ]
In a c tiv e
P W M x L
D e a d T im e
D e a d T im e
P W M x H
[P W M
w ith D e a d T im e ( 0 0 0 ) M o d e ]
D e a d T im e
P W M x L
D e a d T im e
D e a d T im e
P W M x H
[P W M
D e a d T im e
w ith D e a d T im e ( 1 0 0 ) M o d e ]
P W M x L
N o te : P W M x H a n d P W M x L c o n fig u r a tio n o p tio n is s e le c te d a c tiv e h ig h fo r e x a m p le .
Hardware Stop PWM Mode (PWMSP2, PWMSP1, PWMSP0= 1, 0, 0)
Rev. 1.10
43
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Analog to Digital Converter
The need to interface to real world analog signals is a
common requirement for many electronic systems.
However, to properly process these signals by a
microcontroller, they must first be converted into digital
signals by A/D converters. By integrating the A/D conversion electronic circuitry into the microcontroller, the
need for external components is reduced significantly
with the corresponding follow-on benefits of lower costs
and reduced component space requirements.
Conversion Bits
Input Pins
12
PB0~PB7
Bit
6
Bit
5
Bit
4
Bit
3
Bit
2
Bit
1
Bit
0
ADRL
D3
D2
D1
D0
¾
¾
¾
¾
ADRH
D11 D10 D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
A/D Converter Control Register - ADCR
To control the function and operation of the A/D converter, a control register known as ADCR is provided.
This 8-bit register defines functions such as the selection of which analog channel is connected to the internal
A/D converter, which pins are used as analog inputs and
which are used as normal I/Os as well as controlling the
start function and monitoring the A/D converter end of
conversion status.
The devices contains a 8-channel analog to digital converter which can directly interface to external analog signals, such as that from sensors or other control signals
and convert these signals directly into either a 9-bit digital value.
8
Bit
7
A/D Data Register
A/D Overview
Input Channels
Register
One section of this register contains the bits
ACS2~ACS0 which define the channel number. As each
of the devices contains only one actual analog to digital
converter circuit, each of the individual 8 analog inputs
must be routed to the converter. It is the function of the
ACS2~ACS0 bits in the ADCR register to determine
which analog channel is actually connected to the internal A/D converter.
The following diagram shows the overall internal structure of the A/D converter, together with its associated
registers.
A/D Converter Data Registers - ADRL, ADRH
The ADCR control register also contains the
PCR2~PCR0 bits which determine which pins on Port A
are used as analog inputs for the A/D converter and
which pins are to be used as normal I/O pins. Note that if
the PCR2~PCR0 bits are all set to zero, then all the Port
B pins will be setup as normal I/Os and the internal A/D
converter circuitry will be powered off to reduce the
power consumption.
The device, which have a 12-bit A/D converter, requires
two data registers, a high byte register, known as
ADRH, and a low byte register, known as ADRL. After
the conversion process takes place, these registers can
be directly read by the microcontroller to obtain the digitised conversion value. For devices which use two A/D
Converter Data Registers, note that only the high byte
register ADRH utilises its full 8-bit contents. The low
byte register utilises only 4 bit of its 8-bit contents as it
contains only the lower four bits of the 12-bit converted
value.
The START bit in the ADCR register is used to start and
reset the A/D converter. When the microcontroller sets
this bit from low to high and then low again, an analog to
digital conversion cycle will be initiated. When the
START bit is brought from low to high but not low again,
the EOCB bit in the ADCR register will be set high and
the analog to digital converter will be reset. It is the
In the following tables, D0~D11 are the A/D conversion
data result bits.
C lo c k D iv id e R a tio
A D C
P B 0
P B 1
P B 2
P B 3
P B 4
P B 5
P B 6
P B 7
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
/A N
fS
S o u rc e
Y S
A C S R
¸ 1 ~ ¸ 8
A V
0
1
D D
A /D
r e fe r e n c e v o lta g e
2
3
A D R L
A D C
4
5
R e g is te r
A D R H
A /D D a ta
R e g is te r s
6
7
P C R 0 ~ P C R 2
P in C o n fig u r a tio n
B its
A D C S 0 ~ A D C S 2
C h a n n e l S e le c t
B its
S T A R T
E O C
A D C R
R e g is te r
S ta rt a n d E n d o f
C o n v e r s io n B its
A/D Converter Structure
Rev. 1.10
44
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
b 7
S T A R T E O C B
P C R 2
P C R 1
P C R 0
A C S 2
A C S 1
b 0
A C S 0
A D C R
R e g is te r
S e le c t A /D c h a n n e l
A
A C S 2
A C S 1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
C S 0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
P o rt B A /D c h a n n e l
P
P C R 1
P C R 2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
c o n fig
C R 0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
: A N
: A N
: A N
: A N
: A N
: A N
: A N
: A N
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
u r a tio n s
: P o
: P B
: P B
: P B
: P B
: P o
: P o
: P o
rt
0
0
0
0
B A /D
e n a b
~ P B 1
~ P B 2
~ P B 3
rt P B 0 ~
rt P B 0 ~
rt P B 0 ~
c h a n n
le d a s A
e n a b le
e n a b le
e n a b le
P B 4 s e
P B 5 s e
P B 7 s e
e ls
N 0
d a
d a
d a
tu p
tu p
tu p
- a ll o ff
s A N
s A N
s A N
a s
a s
a s
0 ~ A
0 ~ A
0 ~ A
A N 0
A N 0
A N 0
N 1
N 2
N
~ A
~ A
~ A
3
N 4
N 5
N 7
E n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n fla g
1 : n o t e n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n - A /D c o n v e r s io n w a itin g o r in p r o g r e s s
0 : e n d o f A /D c o n v e r s io n - A /D c o n v e r s io n e n d e d
S ta r t th e A /D c o n v e r s io n
0 ® 1 ® 0 : S ta rt
0 ® 1 : R e s e t A /D c o n v e rte r a n d s e t E O C B to "1 "
ADCR Register
A/D Converter Clock Source Register - ACSR
START bit that is used to control the overall on/off operation of the internal analog to digital converter.
The clock source for the A/D converter, which originates
from the system clock fSYS, is first divided by a division
ratio, the value of which is determined by the bits
ADCS0 to ADCS2 in the ACSR register.
The EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to indicate
when the analog to digital conversion process is complete. This bit will be automatically cleared to zero by the
microcontroller after a conversion cycle has ended. In
addition, the corresponding A/D interrupt request flag
will be set in the interrupt control register, and if the interrupts are enabled, an appropriate internal interrupt signal will be generated. This A/D internal interrupt signal
will direct the program flow to the associated A/D internal interrupt address for processing. If the A/D internal
interrupt is disabled, the microcontroller can be used to
poll the EOCB bit in the ADCR register to check whether
it has been cleared as an alternative method of detecting the end of an A/D conversion cycle.
b 7
Although the A/D clock source is determined by the system clock fSYS, and by bits ADCS0 to ADCS2, there are
some limitations on the maximum A/D clock source
speed that can be selected. As the minimum value of
permissible A/D clock period, tAD, is 0.5ms. Doing so will
give an A/D clock period less than the minimum A/D
clock period which may result in inaccurate A/D conversion values. Refer to the table for examples, where values marked with an asterisk * show where special care
must be taken, as the values are less than the specified
minimum A/D Clock Period.
b 0
A D C S 3 A D C S 2 A D C S 1 A D C S 0
A C S R R e g is te r
S e le c t A /D c o n v e r te r c lo c k s o u r c e
A D C S 3 A D C S 2 A D C S 1 A D C S 0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
O th e
: A
: A
: A
: A
: A
: A
: A
: A
r: R
D C
D C
D C
D C
D C
D C
D C
D C
e v
c lo
c lo
c lo
c lo
c lo
c lo
c lo
c lo
e rs e
c k
c k
c k
c k
c k
c k
c k
c k
d
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
fS
fS
fS
fS
fS
fS
fS
fS
Y S
Y S
Y S
Y S
Y S
Y S
Y S
Y S
/2
/4
/8
/2
/4
/8
/1 2
/1 6
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
ACSR Register
Rev. 1.10
45
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
A/D Clock Period (tAD)
ADCS2
ADCS1
ADSC0
fSYS=1MHz fSYS=2MHz fSYS=4MHz fSYS=8MHz fSYS=12MHz
Unit
0
0
0
1.00
0.50
*0.25
*0.125
*0.083
ms
0
0
1
2.00
1.00
0.50
*0.25
*0.167
ms
0
1
0
3.00
1.50
0.75
*0.375
*0.25
ms
0
1
1
4.00
2.00
1.00
0.500
*0.333
ms
1
0
0
5.00
2.50
1.25
0.625
*0.417
ms
1
0
1
6.00
3.00
1.50
0.750
0.500
ms
1
1
0
7.00
3.50
1.75
0.875
0.583
ms
1
1
1
8.00
4.00
2.00
1.000
0.667
ms
A/D Clock Period Example
A/D Conversion Time (tADC)
ADCS2
ADCS1
ADSC0
fSYS=1MHz fSYS=2MHz fSYS=4MHz fSYS=8MHz fSYS=12MHz
Unit
0
0
0
16.00
8.00
*4.00
*2.00
*1.328
ms
0
0
1
32.00
16.00
8.00
*4.00
*2.672
ms
0
1
0
48.00
24.00
12.00
*6.00
*4.00
ms
0
1
1
64.00
32.00
16.00
8.00
*5.328
ms
1
0
0
80.00
40.00
20.00
10.00
*6.672
ms
1
0
1
96.00
48.00
24.00
12.00
8.00
ms
1
1
0
112.00
56.00
28.00
14.00
9.33
ms
1
1
1
128.00
64.00
32.00
16.00
10.67
ms
A/D Conversion Time Example
fSYS
A/D Clock
ACSR
Division
*3MHz
03H
fSYS/4
1.5MHz
07H
fSYS/\8
1.5MHz
0BH
fSYS/8
750kHz
0FH
fSYS/16
*4MHz
09H
fSYS/4
12MHz
2MHz
07H
fSYS/8
2MHz
0BH
fSYS/8
1MHz
0FH
fSYS/16
*2.5MHz
07H
fSYS/8
*2.5MHz
0BH
fSYS/8
1.67MHz
0DH
fSYS/12
1.25MHz
0FH
fSYS/16
16MHz
20MHz
A/D Input Pins
All of the A/D analog input pins are pin-shared with the
I/O pins on Port B. Bits PCR0~PCR2 in the ADCR register, not configuration options, determine whether the input pins are setup as normal Port B input/output pins or
whether they are setup as analog inputs. In this way,
pins can be changed under program control to change
their function from normal I/O operation to analog inputs
and vice versa. Pull-high resistors, which are setup via
configuration option, apply to the input pins only when
they are used as normal I/O pins, if setup as A/D inputs
the pull-high resistors will be automatically disconnected. Note that it is not necessary to first setup the
A/D pin as an input in the PBC port control register to enable the A/D input, when the PCR2~PCR0 bits enable
an A/D input, the status of the port control register will be
overridden. The AVDD power supply pin is used as the
A/D converter reference voltage, and as such analog inputs must not be allowed to exceed this value. Appropriate measures should also be taken to ensure that the
AVDD pin remains as stable and noise free as possible.
A/D Clock Frequency
Rev. 1.10
46
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Initialising the A/D Converter
with Step 2 into a single ADCR register programming
operation.
The internal A/D converter must be initialised in a special way. Each time the A/D channel selection bits are
modified by the program, the A/D converter must be
re-initialised. If the A/D converter is not initialised after
the channel selection bits are changed, the EOCB flag
may have an undefined value, which may produce a
false end of conversion signal. To initialise the A/D converter after the channel selection bits have changed,
then, within a time frame of one to ten instruction cycles,
the START bit in the ADCR register must first be set high
and then immediately cleared to zero. This will ensure
that the EOCB flag is correctly set to a high condition.
· Step 4
If the interrupts are to be used, the interrupt control
registers must be correctly configured to ensure the
A/D converter interrupt function is active. The master
interrupt control bit, EMI, in the interrupt control register must be set high and the A/D converter interrupt
bit, EADI, in the interrupt control register must also be
set high.
· Step 5
The analog to digital conversion process can now be
initialised by setting the START bit in the ADCR register from low to high and then low again. Note that this
bit should have been originally set to a zero value.
Summary of A/D Conversion Steps
· Step 6
The following summarises the individual steps that
should be executed in order to implement an A/D conversion process.
To check when the analog to digital conversion process is complete, the EOCB bit in the ADCR register
can be polled. The conversion process is complete
when this bit goes low. When this occurs the A/D data
registers be read to obtain the conversion value. As
an alternative method if the interrupts are enabled and
the stack is not full, the program can wait for an A/D interrupt to occur.
· Step 1
Select the required A/D conversion clock by correctly
programming bits ADCS0 to ADCS20 in the ACSR
register.
· Step 2
Note:
Select which pins on Port B are to be used as A/D inputs and configure them as A/D input pins by correctly
programming the PCR0~PCR2 bits in the ADCR register.
When checking for the end of the conversion
process, if the method of polling the EOCB bit in
the ADCR register is used, the interrupt enable
step above can be omitted.
· Step 3
The following timing diagram shows graphically the various stages involved in an analog to digital conversion
process and its associated timing.
Select which channel is to be connected to the internal
A/D converter by correctly programming the
ACS0~ACS2 bits which are also contained in the
ADCR register. Note that this step can be combined
S T A R T b it s e t h ig h w ith in o n e to te n in s tr u c tio n c y c le s a fte r th e P C R 0 ~ P C R 2 b its c h a n g e s ta te
S T A R T
E O C B
A /D s a m p lin g tim e
4 tA D
P C R 2 ~
P C R 0
0 0 0 B
A /D s a m p lin g t im e
4 tA D
A /D s a m p lin g t im e
4 tA D
0 1 1 B
1 0 0 B
0 0 0 B
1 . P B p o rt s e tu p a s I/O s
2 . A /D c o n v e r te r is p o w e r e d o ff
to r e d u c e p o w e r c o n s u m p tio n
A C S 2 ~
A C S 0
0 0 0 B
P o w e r-o n
R e s e t
0 1 0 B
0 0 0 B
0 0 1 B
S ta rt o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
S ta rt o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
S ta rt o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
R e s e t A /D
c o n v e rte r
R e s e t A /D
c o n v e rte r
E n d o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
1 : D e fin e P B c o n fig u r a tio n
2 : S e le c t a n a lo g c h a n n e l
A /D
N o te :
A /D
c lo c k m u s t b e fS
Y S
/1 , fS
R e s e t A /D
c o n v e rte r
E n d o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
tA D C
c o n v e r s io n tim e
Y S
/2 , fS
Y S
/3 , fS
Y S
A /D
/4 , fS
Y S
/5 , fS
Y S
/6 , fS
tA D C
c o n v e r s io n tim e
Y S
/7 o r fS
Y S
D o n 't c a r e
E n d o f A /D
c o n v e r s io n
A /D
tA D C
c o n v e r s io n tim e
/8
A/D Conversion Timing
Rev. 1.10
47
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Another important programming consideration is that
when the A/D channel selection bits change value the
A/D converter must be re-initialised. This is achieved by
pulsing the START bit in the ADCR register immediately
after the channel selection bits have changed state. The
exception to this is where the channel selection bits are
all cleared, in which case the A/D converter is not required to be re-initialised.
The setting up and operation of the A/D converter function is fully under the control of the application program
as there are no configuration options associated with
the A/D converter. After an A/D conversion process has
been initiated by the application program, the
microcontroller internal hardware will begin to carry out
the conversion, during which time the program can continue with other functions. The time taken for the A/D
conversion is 16 tAD .
A/D Programming Example
Programming Considerations
The following two programming examples illustrate how
to setup and implement an A/D conversion. In the first
example, the method of polling the EOCB bit in the
ADCR register is used to detect when the conversion
cycle is complete, whereas in the second example, the
A/D interrupt is used to determine when the conversion
is complete.
When programming, special attention must be given to
the A/D channel selection bits in the ADCR register. If
these bits are all cleared to zero no external pins will be
selected for use as A/D input pins allowing the pins to be
used as normal I/O pins. When this happens the power
supplied to the internal A/D circuitry will be reduced resulting in a reduction of supply current. This ability to reduce power by turning off the internal A/D function by
clearing the A/D channel selection bits may be an important consideration in battery powered applications.
Example: using an EOCB polling method to detect the end of conversion.
clr
EADI
; disable ADC interrupt
mov
a,00000111B
mov
ACSR,a
; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as
; the A/D clock
mov
a,00100000B
; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3
; as A/D inputs
mov
ADCR,a
; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D
; converter
:
; As the Port A channel bits have changed the
; following START
; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10
; instruction cycles
:
Start_conversion:
clr
START
set
START
; reset A/D
clr
START
; start A/D
Polling_EOC:
sz
EOCB
; poll the ADCR register EOCB bit to detect end
; of A/D conversion
jmp
polling_EOC
; continue polling
mov
a,ADRL
; read conversion result value from the ADR
; register
mov
adrl_buffer,a
; save result to user defined memory
mov
a,ADRH
mov
adrh_buffer,a
:
:
jmp
start_conversion
; start next A/D conversion
Rev. 1.10
48
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Example: using an interrupt method to detect the end of conversion
clr
EADI
; disable ADC interrupt
mov
a,00000111B
mov
ACSR,a
; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as
; the A/D clock
mov
a,00100000B
mov
ADCR,a
;
;
;
;
setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3
as A/D inputs
and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D
converter
;
;
;
;
As the Port A channel bits have changed the
following START
signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10
instruction cycles
;
;
;
;
;
reset A/D
start A/D
clear ADC interrupt request flag
enable ADC interrupt
enable global interrupt
:
:
Start_conversion:
clr
set
clr
clr
set
set
START
START
START
ADF
EADI
EMI
:
:
:
; ADC interrupt service routine
ADC_ISR:
mov
acc_stack,a
mov
a,STATUS
mov
status_stack,a
:
:
mov
a,ADRL
mov
mov
mov
EXIT_INT_ISR:
mov
mov
mov
reti
Rev. 1.10
adrl_buffer,a
a,ADRH
adrh_buffer,a
:
:
a,status_stack
STATUS,a
a,acc_stack
; save ACC to user defined memory
; save STATUS to user defined memory
; read conversion result value from the ADR
; register
; save result to user defined register
; restore STATUS from user defined memory
; restore ACC from user defined memory
49
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
A/D Transfer Function
Comparator Operation
As the device contain an 12-bit A/D converter, its
full-scale converted digitised value is equal to FFFH.
Since the full-scale analog input value is equal to the
AVDD voltage, this gives a single bit analog input value of
AVDD/4096. The diagram show the ideal transfer function between the analog input value and the digitised
output value for the A/D converters.
The CMPEN bit in the MISC register is used as the enable/disable bit for the Analog Comparator. If the
CMPEN bit is cleared to ²0², the Analog Comparator is
disabled and the PA1/CVINP, PA2/CVINN and
PA3/COUT shared function pins can be used as normal
I/O pins. If CMPEN is set to ²1², the Analog Comparator
is enabled and the PA1/CVINP and PA2/CVINN pins will
be setup as Analog Comparator input pins and
PA3/COUT setup as the Analog Comparator output pin.
Note that to reduce the quantisation error, a 0.5 LSB offset is added to the A/D Converter input. Except for the
digitised zero value, the subsequent digitised values will
change at a point 0.5 LSB below where they would
change without the offset, and the last full scale digitised
value will change at a point 1.5 LSB below the AVDD
level.
As the CVINP, CVINN and COUT are pin-shared with
PA1, PA2 and PA3, once the Analog Comparator function is enabled, the internal registers related to PA1 and
PA2 cannot be used, however PA3 can still be used as
an input, if the COUTEN bit in the MISC register is set to
²1². When COUTEN is set to ²1², any pull high resistor
options on the pins will be disabled and the PA3 output
function will also be disabled. Software instructions fully
determine how the Analog Comparator function is to be
used.
Analog Comparator
The device contains a single fully integrated Analog
Comparator function.
1 .5 L S B
F F F H
F F E H
F F D H
A /D C o n v e r s io n
R e s u lt
0 .5 L S B
0 3 H
0 2 H
0 1 H
0
1
2
4 0 9 3
3
4 0 9 4
4 0 9 5 4 0 9 6
(
A V D D
)
4 0 9 6
A n a lo g In p u t V o lta g e
Ideal A/D Transfer Function
b 7
C H Y S O N
C O F M
C R S
C O F 4
C O F 3
C O F 2
C O F 1
b 0
C O F 0
C M P C
R e g is te r
A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r in p u t o ffs e t v o lta g e c a n c e lla tio n c o n tr o l b its .
A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r in p u t o ffs e t v o lta g e c a n c e lla tio n r e fe r e n c e s e le c tio n b it.
0 : s e le c t C V IN N a s th e r e fe r e n c e in p u t
1 : s e le c t C V IN P a s th e r e fe r e n c e in p u t
In p u t o ffs e t v o lta g e c a n c e lla tio n m o d e a n d A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r m o d e s e le c tio n .
0 : n o r m a l A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r m o d e
1 : in p u t o ffs e t v o lta g e c a n c e lla tio n m o d e
T o e n a b le o r d is a b le A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r H y s te r e s is .
0 : A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r H y s te r e s is o ff
1 : A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r H y s te r e s is o n
CMPC Register
Rev. 1.10
50
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
b 7
D T P S 1
b 0
D T P S 0
C O U T E N C M P O P C M P E N
M IS C
R e g is te r
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
E n a b le /D is a b le A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r
0 : d is a b le d
1 : e n a b le d
A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r o u tp u t - r e a d o n ly
P A 3 /C O
0 : P A 3 /C
1 : P A 3 /C
C O U T
P W
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
M
: fD
: fD
: fD
: fD
U T
O
O
s
s e
U T
U T
ta tu
le
is
is
s
c tio
I/O
c o
re a
n
p in
m p a ra to r o u tp u t
d v ia P A 3 r e g is te r .
D e a d tim e c lo c k p r e s c a le r r a te
is fS Y S
is fS Y S /2
is fS Y S /4
is fS Y S /8
MISC Register
b 7
P W M D F
H S IC
B L D C M D
b 0
C M P D B 3 C M P D B 2 C M P D B 1 C M P D B 0 D B T C
T h
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
e s
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
0 0
0 1
R e g is te r
e fo
= d e
= d e
= d e
= d e
= d e
= d e
= d e
= d e
= d e
~ 1 1
u r
-b
-b
-b
-b
-b
-b
-b
-b
-b
1 1
b its
o u n
o u n
o u n
o u n
o u n
o u n
o u n
o u n
o u n
= d e
s
c e
c e
c e
c e
c e
c e
c e
c e
c e
-b
e le
tim
tim
tim
tim
tim
tim
tim
tim
tim
o u
c t
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
n c
th
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
e
e C o m
0 m s .
4 /fS Y S
8 /fS Y S
1 6 /fS Y
3 2 /fS Y
6 4 /fS Y
1 2 8 /fS
2 5 6 /fS
5 1 2 /fS
tim e is
T o e n a b le /d is a b le B L D C
0 : B L D C m o d e d is a b le
1 : B L D C m o d e e n a b le
p a r a to r In te r r u p t d e - b o u n c e tim e .
.
.
.
S
.
S
S
.
Y S
Y S
.
.
.
1 0 2 4 /fS
Y S
Y S
.
M o d e .
T o e n a b le /d is a b le IN T 0 A , IN T 0 B a n d IN T 0 C p in s h a r e d I/O o u tp u t fu n c tio n .
0 : O u tp u t fu n c tio n e n a b le a n d p u ll- h ig h r e s is to r s a r e b y o p tio n s
1 : O u tp u t fu n c tio n d is a b le a n d p u ll- h ig h r e s is to r s a r e a lw a y s d is a b le d
T o
is
0 :
1 :
e n a b le /d is a b le P W M
fro m 3 F 0 H ~ 3 F F H .
d is a b le
e n a b le
d u ty is 1 0 0 % , w h e n th e P W M
v a lu e
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
DBTC Register
Note:
If PA3/OCUT is selected with a de-bounce time function, then it will not wake up from the power down mode.
CMPEN
COUTEN
PA1, PA2, PA3
0
X
PA1, PA2, PA3 are I/O pins
1
0
PA1, PA2 are Comparator inputs and PA3 is an I/O
1
1
PA1, PA2 are Comparator inputs and PA3 is a Comparator output. PA3 can read the Comparator output status.
The comparator also includes a de-bounce time function. The de-bounce time is from 0, 4/fSYS, 8/fSYS, ...to 1024/fSYS.
PA3/COUT selection
COUTEN 0: PA3/COUT is as an I/O
1: PA3/COUT is a Comparator output, and the status of COUT can be read by reading the PA3 register.
Rev. 1.10
51
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
P A 1 /C V IN P
P A 2 /C V IN N
C M P O P
S 1
S 2
D e -b o u n c e
C ir c u it
S 3
C o m p a ra to r
In te rru p t
C O F 0 ~ C O F 4
C M P E N
P A 3 /C O U T
C R S
0
0
1
1
C O F M
0
1
0
1
S 1
O N
O F F
O N
O N
S 2
O N
O N
O N
O F F
S 3
O F F
O N
O F F
O N
Analog Comparator Block Diagram
OPAEN bit is cleared to ²0², the OPA is disabled and
powered off to reduce power consumption. The
PB2/AN2/OPOUT, PB3/AN3/OPVINN and PA0/
OPVINP pins can all be used as I/O pins. If the OPAEN
bit is set to ²1², the OPA is enabled. Now PB3/AN3/
OPVINN and PA0/OPVINP are OPA inverting and
non-inverting input pins, and PB2/AN2/OPOUT is the
OPA output pin. Any internal pull high resistors connected to, PB2, PB3 and PA0 output will be disabled.
The Analog Comparator can be used as one of the
methods of stopping the PWM function. This is implemented using the PWMSP0, PWMSP1 and PWMSP2
bits. The PWM is stopped by clearing the PWMCTRL bit
to ²0².
Comparator Offset Voltage
The Analog Comparator allows its input offset voltage to
be adjusted using a common mode input to calibrate the
offset value.
As the OPVINP, OPVINN and OPOUT are pin-shared
with PA0, PB3/AN3 and PB2/AN2, once the OPA function is enabled, the internal registers related to PA0, PB3
and PB2 cannot be used and the I/O function and
pull-high resistor are disabled automatically. Software
instructions fully determine how the OPA is to be used.
The calibration steps are as follows:
· Step1. Set COFM = 1 to select the offset voltage can-
cellation mode - here S3 is closed.
· Step2. Set CRS = 1 or 0 to select which input pin is the
voltage - S1 or S2 is closed
· Step3. Adjust COF0~COF4 until the output status
changes
OPAEN
PA0, PB3/AN3, PB2/AN2
0
PA0, PB2/AN2 and PB3/AN3 are I/Os or
analog ADC inputs.
1
PA0, PB3/AN3 are OPA input pins and
PB2/AN2 is an OPA output pin. PB2/AN2
and PB3/AN3 can be analog ADC inputs if
the related ADC function is enabled.
· Step4. Set COFM = 0 to select the normal comparator
mode
Operation Amplifier - OPA
The device contains a fully integrated operational amplifier.
OPA Operation
The OPAEN bit in the OPAC register is used as the enable/disable bit for the Operational Amplifier. If the
b 7
O P A E N
O P A O P
A O F M
A R S
A O F 3
A O F 2
A O F 1
b 0
A O F 0
O P A C
R e g is te r
O p e r a tio n a l a m p lifie r in p u t o ffs e t v o lta g e c a n c e lla tio n c o n tr o l b its
O p e r a tio n a l a m p lifie r in p u t o ffs e t v o lta g e c a n c e lla tio n r e fe r e n c e s e le c tio n b it
1 /0 : s e le c t O P P /O P N a s th e r e fe r e n c e in p u t
In p u t o ffs e t v o lta g e c a n c e lla tio n m o d e a n d o p e r a tio n a l a m p lifie r m o d e s e le c tio n
1 /0 : in p u t o ffs e t v o lta g e c a n c e lla tio n m o d e /o p e r a tio n a l a m p lifie r m o d e
O p e r a tio n a l a m p lifie r o u tp u t; p o s itiv e lo g ic . T h is b it is r e a d o n ly .
O p e r a tio n a l a m p lifie r e n a b le /d is a b le ( 1 /0 )
OPAC Register (Operational Amplifier Control Register)
Rev. 1.10
52
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Interrupts
Operational amplifier enable/disable (1/0)Interrupts are
an important part of any system. When an external
event or an internal function such as a Timer/Event
Counter, Analog Comparator or ADC requires
microcontroller attention, their corresponding interrupt
will enforce a temporary suspension of the main program allowing the microcontroller to direct attention to
their respective needs. This device contains two external interrupts and five internal interrupts functions. The
external interrupt is controlled by the action of the external INT0A, INT0B, INT0C or INT1 pins, while the internal interrupts are controlled by the two Timer/Event
Counter overflows, the PWM interrupt, the Analog Comparator interrupt and the A/D converter interrupt.
Interrupt Operation
Two external interrupt, one internal 8-bit timer/event
counter interrupt, one internal 16-bit timer/event counter
interrupt, one Analog Comparator interrupt, one PWM
interrupt or one A/D converter interrupt will all generate
an interrupt request by setting their corresponding request flag, if their appropriate interrupt enable bit is set.
When this happens, the Program Counter, which stores
the address of the next instruction to be executed, will
be transferred onto the stack. The Program Counter will
then be loaded with a new address which will be the
value of the corresponding interrupt vector. The
microcontroller will then fetch its next instruction from
this interrupt vector. The instruction at this vector will
usually be a JMP statement which will jump to another
section of program which is known as the interrupt service routine. Here is located the code to control the appropriate interrupt. The interrupt service routine must be
terminated with a RETI statement, which retrieves the
original Program Counter address from the stack and allows the microcontroller to continue with normal execution at the point where the interrupt occurred.
Interrupt Registers
Overall interrupt control, which means interrupt enabling
and request flag setting, is controlled by the INTC0,
INTC1 and MFIC registers, which are located in the
Data Memory. By controlling the appropriate enable bits
in these registers each individual interrupt can be enabled or disabled. Also when an interrupt occurs, the
corresponding request flag will be set by the
microcontroller. The global enable flag if cleared to zero
will disable all interrupts.
The various interrupt enable bits, together with their associated request flags, are shown in the following diagram with their order of priority.
A u to m a tic a lly C le a r e d b y IS R
M a n u a lly S e t o r C le a r e d b y S o ftw a r e
A u to m a tic a lly D is a b le d b y IS R
C a n b e E n a b le d M a n u a lly
P r io r ity
E M I
A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r In te r r u p t
R e q u e s t F la g A C F
E A C I
E x te rn a l In te rru p t 0
R e q u e s t F la g E IF 0
E E I0
M u lti- fu n c tio n In te r r u p t
R e q u e s t F la g M F F
E M F I
P W M P e r io d In te r r u p t
R e q u e s t F la g P W M F
E P W M I
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0
In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g T 0 F
E T 0 I
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1
In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g T 1 F
E T 1 I
H ig h
In te rru p t
P o llin g
L o w
N o t A u to m a tic a lly C le a r e d b y IS R
O n ly M a n u a lly S e t o r C le a r e d b y S o ftw a r e
E x te rn a l In te rru p t 1
R e q u e s t F la g E IF 1
E E I1
A /D C o n v e rte r
In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g A D F
E A D I
Interrupt Structure
Rev. 1.10
53
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
b 7
b 0
M F F
E IF 0
A C F
E M F I E E I0
E A C I
E M I
IN T C 0 R e g is te r
C o n tr o l th e m a s te r ( g lo b a l) in te r r u p t
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
C o n tr o l th e A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r in te r r u p t
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
C o n tr o l th e e x te r n a l IN T 0 A , IN T 0 B , IN T 0 C in te r r u p t 0
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
C o n tr o l th e M u lti- fu n c tio n in te r r u p t
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
A n a lo g C o m p a r a to r in te r r u p t r e q u e s t fla g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
E x te rn a l IN T 0 A , IN T 0 B , IN T 0 C
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
in te r r u p t 0 r e q u e s t fla g
M u lti- fu n c tio n in te r r u p t r e q u e s t fla g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
N o t im p le m e n t e d , r e a d a s ''0 ''
INTC 0 Register
b 7
b 0
T 1 F
T 0 F
P W M F
E T 1 I
E T 0 I E P W M I IN T C 1 R e g is te r
C o n tro l th e P W M
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
p e r io d in te r r u p t
C o n tr o l th e T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0 in te r r u p t
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
C o n tr o l th e T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1 in te r r u p t
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
N o t im p le m e n t e d , r e a d a s ''0 ''
P W M p e r io d in te r r u p t r e q u e s t fla g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
In te r n a l T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0 r e q u e s t fla g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
In te r n a l T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1 r e q u e s t fla g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
N o t im p le m e n t e d , r e a d a s ''0 ''
INTC 1 Register
b 7
b 0
E IF 1
A D F
E E I1
E A D I
M F IC
R e g is te r
C o n tr o l th e A /D C o n v e r te r In te r r u p t E n a b le
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
C o n tr o l th e e x te r n a l in te r r u p t 1
1 : e n a b le d
0 : d is a b le d
N o t im p le m e n t e d , r e a d a s ''0 ''
A /D c o n v e r te r in te r r u p t r e q u e s t fla g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
E x te r n a l in te r r u p t 1 r e q u e s t fla g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
N o t im p le m e n t e d , r e a d a s ''0 ''
MFIC Register
Rev. 1.10
54
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked, as the EMI bit will be cleared automatically. This will prevent any further interrupt nesting
from occurring. However, if other interrupt requests occur during this interval, although the interrupt will not be
immediately serviced, the request flag will still be recorded. If an interrupt requires immediate servicing
while the program is already in another interrupt service
routine, the EMI bit should be set after entering the routine, to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the
related interrupt is enabled, until the Stack Pointer is
decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack
must be prevented from becoming full.
The pins can only be configured as external interrupt
pins if the External Interrupt 0 enable bit in the INTC0
register has been set. The pins must also be setup as inputs by setting the corresponding bits in the appropriate
port control register. When the interrupt is enabled, the
stack is not full and a high to low transition occurs on any
the INT0A, INT0B or INT0C pins, a subroutine call to the
External Interrupt 0 interrupt vector at location 08H will
take place. When the interrupt is serviced, the External
Interrupt 0 request flag, EIF0, will be automatically reset
and the EMI bit will automatically cleared to disable
other interrupts. Note that any pull-high resistor configuration options on these pins will remain valid even if the
pins are used as external interrupts.
Interrupt Priority
Timer/Event Counter Interrupt
Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising
edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on
the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In case of simultaneous requests, the
following table shows the priority that is applied. These
can be masked by resetting the EMI bit.
For a Timer/Event Counter interrupt to occur, the global
interrupt enable bit, EMI, and the corresponding
Timer/Event Counter interrupt enable bit, ET0I and ET1I
in the INTC1 register, must first be set. An actual
Timer/Event Counter interrupt will take place when the
corresponding Timer/Event Counter interrupt request
flag, T0F or T1F in the INTC1 register, is set, a situation
that will occur when the Timer/Event Counter overflows.
When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and a
Timer/Event Counter overflow occurs, a subroutine call
to the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt vector at location
14H or to the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt vector at
location 18H will take place. When the interrupt is serviced, the Timer/Event Counter interrupt request flag,
T0F or T1F, will be automatically reset and the EMI bit
will be automatically cleared to disabled other interrupts.
Interrupt Source
Priority Vector
Analog Comparator Interrupt
1
04H
External Interrupt 0
2
08H
Multi-function Interrupt
3
0CH
PWM Interrupt
4
10H
Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow
5
14H
Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow
6
18H
In cases where both external and internal timer interrupts are enabled and where an external and internal
timer interrupt occurs simultaneously, the external interrupt will always have priority and will therefore be serviced first. Suitable masking of the individual interrupts
using the INTC0, INTC1 and MFIC register can prevent
simultaneous occurrences.
Analog Comparator Interrupt
For an Analog Comparator Interrupt to occur, the global
interrupt enable bit, EMI, and the corresponding analog
comparator interrupt enable bit, EACI in the INTC0 register must first be set. An actual Analog Comparator Interrupt will take place when the Analog Comparator
request flag, ACF in the INTC0 register, is set, a situation that will occur when a falling edge appears on the
comparator output. When the interrupt is enabled, the
stack is not full and a falling edge occurs on the comparator output, a subroutine call to the Analog Comparator Interrupt vector at location 04H will take place. When
the interrupt is serviced, the Analog Comparator request
flag, ACF, will be automatically reset and the EMI bit will
be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
External Interrupt 0
For an External Interrupt 0 to occur, the global interrupt
enable bit, EMI, and External Interrupt 0 enable bit,
EEIO, in the INTC0 register, must first be set. An actual
External Interrupt 0 will take place when the External Interrupt 0 request flag, EIF0, is set, a situation that will occur when a high to low transition appears on either the
INT0A, INT0B or INT0C pins. These three external interrupt pins are pin-shared with the I/O pins, PA4, PA5 and
PA6 or PB4, PB5 and PB6. The choice of which three
pins are used is determined by configuration options.
Rev. 1.10
55
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
PWM Interrupt
take place. When the interrupt is serviced, the
Multi-Function Interrupt request flag, MFF, will be automatically reset and the EMI bit will be automatically
cleared to disable other interrupts. Examination of the
External Interrupt 1 and A/D converter request flags will
reveal which function was behind the Multi-Function Interrupt. Note that the External Interrupt 1 and A/D converter request flags are not reset automatically when the
interrupt is serviced, and have to be reset manually after
a Multi-Function Interrupt occurs.
For a PWM Interrupt to occur, the global interrupt enable
bit, EMI, and the corresponding PWM interrupt enable
bit, EPWMI in the INTC1 register must first be set. An
actual PWM Interrupt will take place when the PWM request flag, PWMF in the INTC1 register, is set, a situation that will occur when the PWMxH is from inactive to
active. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full
and a PWM interrupt occurs, a subroutine call to the
PWM Interrupt vector at location 10H will take place.
When the interrupt is serviced, the PWM interrupt request flag, PWMF, will be automatically reset and the
EMI bit will be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
Programming Considerations
By disabling the interrupt enable bits, a requested interrupt can be prevented from being serviced, however,
once an interrupt request flag is set, it will remain in this
condition in the INTC0, INTC1 or MFIC register until the
corresponding interrupt is serviced or until the request
flag is cleared by a software instruction.
Multi-Function Interrupt
The Multi-Function Interrupt handles the interrupt vector
for both the A/D converter interrupt and the External Interrupt 1 as these two functions do not have their own independent interrupt vectors. For a Multi-Function
Interrupt to occur, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI,
and the corresponding Multi-Function Interrupt enable
bit, EMFI in the INTC0 register, must first be set. Additionally the A/D Converter Interrupt enable bit, EADI in
the MFIC register, and/or the External Interrupt 1 enable
bit, EIF1 in the MFIC register, must also be set. An actual Multi-Function Interrupt will take place when the
Multi-Function Interrupt request flag, MFF in the INTC1
register, is set. This situation will occur when either the
external interrupt pin INT1 experiences an active edge
or if the A/D conversion process has completed, resulting in their corresponding interrupt request flags,
namely the EIF1 or ADF flags in the MFIC register being
set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full
and either an active edge appears on the INT1 pin or the
A/D converter process completes, then a subroutine call
to the Multi-Function Interrupt vector at location 0CH will
Rev. 1.10
It is recommended that programs do not use the ²CALL
subroutine² instruction within the interrupt subroutine.
Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or
need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If
only one stack is left and the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged
once a ²CALL subroutine² is executed in the interrupt
subroutine.
All of these interrupts have the capability of waking up
the processor when in the Power Down Mode. Only the
Program Counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or status register are altered by the
interrupt service program, which may corrupt the desired control sequence, then the contents should be
saved in advance.
56
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Reset and Initialisation
internal reset function may be incapable of providing
proper reset operation. For this reason it is recommended that an external RC network is connected to
the RES pin, whose additional time delay will ensure
that the RES pin remains low for an extended period
to allow the power supply to stabilise. During this time
delay, normal operation of the microcontroller will be
inhibited. After the RES line reaches a certain voltage
value, the reset delay time tRSTD is invoked to provide
an extra delay time after which the microcontroller will
begin normal operation. The abbreviation SST in the
figures stands for System Start-up Timer.
A reset function is a fundamental part of any
microcontroller ensuring that the device can be set to
some predetermined condition irrespective of outside
parameters. The most important reset condition is after
power is first applied to the microcontroller. In this case,
internal circuitry will ensure that the microcontroller, after a short delay, will be in a well defined state and ready
to execute the first program instruction. After this
power-on reset, certain important internal registers will
be set to defined states before the program commences. One of these registers is the Program Counter,
which will be reset to zero forcing the microcontroller to
begin program execution from the lowest Program
Memory address.
V D D
tR
D D
S T D
S S T T im e - o u t
In addition to the power-on reset, situations may arise
where it is necessary to forcefully apply a reset condition
when the microcontroller is running. One example of this
is where after power has been applied and the
microcontroller is already running, the RES line is forcefully pulled low. In such a case, known as a normal operation reset, some of the microcontroller registers remain
unchanged allowing the microcontroller to proceed with
normal operation after the reset line is allowed to return
high. Another type of reset is when the Watchdog Timer
overflows and resets the microcontroller. All types of reset operations result in different register conditions being setup.
In te rn a l R e s e t
Power-On Reset Timing Chart
For most applications a resistor connected between
VDD and the RES pin and a capacitor connected between VSS and the RES pin will provide a suitable external reset circuit. Any wiring connected to the RES
pin should be kept as short as possible to minimise
any stray noise interference.
V D D
1 0 0 k W
R E S
Another reset exists in the form of a Low Voltage Reset,
LVR, where a full reset, similar to the RES reset is implemented in situations where the power supply voltage
falls below a certain threshold.
0 .1 m F
V S S
Basic Reset Circuit
For applications that operate within an environment
where more noise is present the Enhanced Reset Circuit shown is recommended.
Reset Functions
There are five ways in which a microcontroller reset can
occur, through events occurring both internally and externally:
0 .0 1 m F
· Power-on Reset
V D D
1 0 0 k W
The most fundamental and unavoidable reset is the
one that occurs after power is first applied to the
microcontroller. As well as ensuring that the Program
Memory begins execution from the first memory address, a power-on reset also ensures that certain
other registers are preset to known conditions. All the
I/O port and port control registers will power up in a
high condition ensuring that all pins will be first set to
inputs.
Although the microcontroller has an internal RC reset
function, if the VDD power supply rise time is not fast
enough or does not stabilise quickly at power-on, the
Rev. 1.10
0 .9 V
R E S
R E S
1 0 k W
0 .1 m F
V S S
Enhanced Reset Circuit
More information regarding external reset circuits is
located in Application Note HA0075E on the Holtek
website.
57
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
· RES Pin Reset
Reset Initial Conditions
This type of reset occurs when the microcontroller is
already running and the RES pin is forcefully pulled
low by external hardware such as an external switch.
In this case as in the case of other reset, the Program
Counter will reset to zero and program execution initiated from this point.
R E S
0 .4 V
0 .9 V
The different types of reset described affect the reset
flags in different ways. These flags, known as PDF and
TO are located in the status register and are controlled
by various microcontroller operations, such as the
Power Down function or Watchdog Timer. The reset
flags are shown in the table:
D D
D D
tR
TO PDF
S T D
RESET Conditions
S S T T im e - o u t
0
0
RES reset during power-on
In te rn a l R e s e t
u
u
RES or LVR reset during normal operation
1
u
WDT time-out reset during normal operation
1
1
WDT time-out reset during Power Down
RES Reset Timing Chart
· Low Voltage Reset - LVR
The microcontroller contains a low voltage reset circuit
in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device,
which is selected via a configuration option. If the supply
voltage of the device drops to within a range of
0.9V~VLVR such as might occur when changing the battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. The LVR includes the following specifications: For
a valid LVR signal, a low voltage, i.e., a voltage in the
range between 0.9V~VLVR must exist for greater than the
value tLVR specified in the A.C. characteristics. If the low
voltage state does not exceed tLVR, the LVR will ignore it
and will not perform a reset function.
Note: ²u² stands for unchanged
The following table indicates the way in which the various components of the microcontroller are affected after
a power-on reset occurs.
Item
L V R
tR
S T D
S S T T im e - o u t
In te rn a l R e s e t
Low Voltage Reset Timing Chart
Program Counter
Reset to zero
Interrupts
All interrupts will be disabled
WDT
Clear after reset, WDT begins
counting
Timer/Event
Counter
Timer Counter will be turned off
Prescaler
The Timer Counter Prescaler will
be cleared
Input/Output Ports I/O ports will be setup as inputs
· Watchdog Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
Stack Pointer
The Watchdog time-out Reset during normal operation is the same as a hardware RES pin reset except
that the Watchdog time-out flag TO will be set to ²1².
Stack Pointer will point to the top
of the stack
The different kinds of resets all affect the internal registers of the microcontroller in different ways. To ensure
reliable continuation of normal program execution after
a reset occurs, it is important to know what condition the
microcontroller is in after a particular reset occurs. The
following table describes how each type of reset affects
each of the microcontroller internal registers. Note that
where more than one package type exists the table will
reflect the situation for the larger package type.
W D T T im e - o u t
tR
Condition After RESET
S T D
S S T T im e - o u t
In te rn a l R e s e t
WDT Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
Timing Chart
· Watchdog Time-out Reset during Power Down
The Watchdog time-out Reset during Power Down is
a little different from other kinds of reset. Most of the
conditions remain unchanged except that the Program Counter and the Stack Pointer will be cleared to
²0² and the TO flag will be set to ²1². Refer to the A.C.
Characteristics for tSST details.
W D T T im e - o u t
tS
S T
S S T T im e - o u t
WDT Time-out Reset during Power Down
Timing Chart
Rev. 1.10
58
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Register
Reset
(Power-on)
WDT Time-out
RES Reset
(Normal Operation) Normal Operation
RES Reset
(HALT)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)*
MP0
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
MP1
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
PCL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
TBLH
-xxx xxxx
-uuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu
WDTS
0000 0111
0000 0111
0000 0111
0000 0111
uuuu uuuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
-- 1u uuuu
-- uu uuuu
-- 01 uuuu
--11 uuuu
INTC0
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
TMR0
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
TMR0C
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
uu-u uuuu
TMR1H
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
TMR1L
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
TMR1C
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
uu-u uuuu
PA
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PAC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PB
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PBC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
PC
0011 1111
0011 1111
0011 1111
0011 1111
uuuu uuuu
PCC
--11 1111
--11 1111
--11 1111
--11 1111
--uu uuuu
PD
---- 1111
---- 1111
---- 1111
---- 1111
---- uuuu
PDC
---- 1111
---- 1111
---- 1111
---- 1111
---- uuuu
PWM0H
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
PWM0L
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --uu
PWM1H
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
PWM1L
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --uu
PWM2H
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
PWM2L
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --uu
PWMC0
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
PWMC1
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
PWMC2
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --00
---- --uu
PCPWMC
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
PCPWMD
--00 0000
--00 0000
--00 0000
--00 0000
--uu uuuu
LVDCTL
--00 -000
--00 -000
--00 -000
--00 -000
--uu -uuu
INTC1
-000 -000
-000 -000
-000 -000
-000 -000
-uuu -uuu
MFIC
--00 --00
--00 --00
--00 --00
--00 --00
--uu --uu
ADRL
xxxx ----
xxxx ----
xxxx ----
xxxx ----
uuuu ----
ADRH
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
Rev. 1.10
59
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Reset
(Power-on)
Register
WDT Time-out
RES Reset
(Normal Operation) Normal Operation
RES Reset
(HALT)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)*
ADCR
0100 0000
0100 0000
0100 0000
0100 0000
uuuu uuuu
ACSR
---- -000
---- -000
---- -000
---- -000
---- -uuu
CMPC
1011 0000
1011 0000
1011 0000
1011 0000
uuuu uuuu
MISC
000x 0---
000x 0---
000x 0---
000x 0---
uuuu u---
OPAC
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
DBTC
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-uuu uuuu
Note:
²u² stands for unchanged
²x² stands for unknown
²-² stands for unimplemented
Oscillator
Various oscillator options offer the user a wide range of
functions according to their various application requirements. Three types of system clocks can be selected
while various clock source options for the Watchdog
Timer are provided for maximum flexibility. All oscillator
options are selected through the configuration options.
Crystal Oscillator C1 and C2 Values
Crystal Frequency
C1
C2
12MHz
8pF
10pF
8MHz
8pF
10pF
More information regarding the oscillator is located in
Application Note HA0075E on the Holtek website.
4MHz
8pF
10pF
1MHz
100pF
100pF
Clock Source Modes
Note:
There are three methods of generating the system
clock, using an external crystal/ceramic oscillator, an
external RC network and an internal RC clock source.
One of these three methods must be selected using the
configuration options.
Crystal Recommended Capacitor Values
· External RC Oscillator
Using the external system RC oscillator requires that
a resistor, with a value between 47kW and 1.5MW, is
connected between OSC1 and VDD, and a capacitor
is connected to ground. Although this is a cost effective oscillator configuration, the oscillation frequency
can vary with VDD, temperature and process variations and is therefore not suitable for applications
where timing is critical or where accurate oscillator frequencies are required. Note that only the OSC1 pin is
used, which is shared with I/O pin PD2, leaving pin
PD3 free for use as a normal I/O pin.
· External Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator
The simple connection of a crystal across OSC1 and
OSC2 will create the necessary phase shift and feedback for oscillation. However, for some crystals and
most resonator types, to ensure oscillation and accurate frequency generation, it is necessary to add two
small value external capacitors, C1 and C2. The exact
values of C1 and C2 should be selected in consultation with the crystal or resonator manufacturer¢s specification.
C 1
O S C 1
R p
C 2
R f
O S C 2
C1 and C2 values are for guidance only.
V
R
In te r n a l
O s c illa to r
C ir c u it
D D
O S C
O S C 1
4 7 0 p F
P D 3
T o in te r n a l
c ir c u its
External RC Oscillator
N o te : 1 . R p is n o r m a lly n o t r e q u ir e d . C 1 a n d C 2 a r e r e q u ir e d .
2 . A lth o u g h n o t s h o w n O S C 1 /O S C 2 p in s h a v e a p a r a s itic
c a p a c ita n c e o f a r o u n d 7 p F .
Crystal/Resonator Oscillator - HXT
Rev. 1.10
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May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
· Internal RC Oscillator
· The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain
The internal oscillator has three fixed frequencies of
either 4MHz, 8MHz or 12MHz, the choice of which is
indicated by the suffix marking next to the part number
of the device used. This oscillator is fully integrated
within the microcontroller and requires no external
components. Note that if this internal system clock option is selected, as it requires no external pins for its
operation, I/O pins PD2 and PD3 are free for use as
normal I/O pins/
P D 2
P D 3
their present condition.
· The WDT will be cleared and resume counting if the
WDT clock source is selected to come from the WDT
oscillator. The WDT will stop if its clock source originates from the system clock.
· The I/O ports will maintain their present condition.
· In the status register, the Power Down flag, PDF, will
be set and the Watchdog time-out flag, TO, will be
cleared.
Standby Current Considerations
In te rn a l R C
O s c illa to r
As the main reason for entering the Power Down Mode
is to keep the current consumption of the MCU to as low
a value as possible, perhaps only in the order of several
micro-amps, there are other considerations which must
also be taken into account by the circuit designer if the
power consumption is to be minimized. Special attention must be made to the I/O pins on the device. All
high-impedance input pins must be connected to either
a fixed high or low level as any floating input pins could
create internal oscillations and result in increased current consumption. Care must also be taken with the
loads, which are connected to I/Os, which are setup as
outputs. These should be placed in a condition in which
minimum current is drawn or connected only to external
circuits that do not draw current, such as other CMOS
inputs. Also note that additional standby current will also
be required if the configuration options have enabled the
Watchdog Timer internal oscillator.
N o te : P D 2 /P D 3 u s e d a s n o rm a l I/O s
Internal RC Oscillator
Watchdog Timer Oscillator
The WDT oscillator is a fully integrated free running RC
oscillator with a typical period of 65ms at 5V requiring no
external components. It is selected via configuration option. If selected, when the device enters the Power Down
Mode, the system clock will stop running, however the
WDT oscillator continues to run and to keep the watchdog active. However, as the WDT will consume a certain
amount of power when in the Power Down Mode, for low
power applications, it may be desirable to disable the
WDT oscillator by configuration option.
Power Down Mode and Wake-up
Wake-up
Power Down Mode
After the system enters the Power Down Mode, it can be
woken up from one of various sources listed as follows:
All of the Holtek microcontrollers have the ability to enter
a Power Down Mode, also known as the HALT Mode or
Sleep Mode. When the device enters this mode, the normal operating current, will be reduced to an extremely
low standby current level. This occurs because when
the device enters the Power Down Mode, the system
oscillator is stopped which reduces the power consumption to extremely low levels, however, as the device
maintains its present internal condition, it can be woken
up at a later stage and continue running, without requiring a full reset. This feature is extremely important in application areas where the MCU must have its power
supply constantly maintained to keep the device in a
known condition but where the power supply capacity is
limited such as in battery applications.
· An external reset
· An external falling edge on Port A
· A system interrupt
· A WDT overflow
If the system is woken up by an external reset, the device will experience a full system reset, however, if the
device is woken up by a WDT overflow, a Watchdog
Timer reset will be initiated. Although both of these
wake-up methods will initiate a reset operation, the actual source of the wake-up can be determined by examining the TO and PDF flags. The PDF flag is cleared by a
system power-up or executing the clear Watchdog
Timer instructions and is set when executing the ²HALT²
instruction. The TO flag is set if a WDT time-out occurs,
and causes a wake-up that only resets the Program
Counter and Stack Pointer, the other flags remain in
their original status.
Entering the Power Down Mode
There is only one way for the device to enter the Power
Down Mode and that is to execute the ²HALT² instruction in the application program. When this instruction is
executed, the following will occur:
· The system oscillator will stop running and the appli-
cation program will stop at the ²HALT² instruction.
Rev. 1.10
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HT45FM03B
Low Voltage Detector - LVD
Each pin on Port A can be setup via an individual configuration option to permit a negative transition on the pin
to wake-up the system. When a Port A pin wake-up occurs, the program will resume execution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction.
Each device has a Low Voltage Detector function, also
known as LVD. This enabled the device to monitor the
power supply voltage, VDD, and provide a warning signal should it fall below a certain level. This function may
be especially useful in battery applications where the
supply voltage will gradually reduce as the battery ages,
as it allows an early warning battery low signal to be
generated. The Low Voltage Detector also has the capability of generating an interrupt signal.
If the system is woken up by an interrupt, then two possible situations may occur. The first is where the related
interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the
stack is full, in which case the program will resume execution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction.
In this situation, the interrupt which woke-up the device
will not be immediately serviced, but will rather be serviced later when the related interrupt is finally enabled or
when a stack level becomes free. The other situation is
where the related interrupt is enabled and the stack is
not full, in which case the regular interrupt response
takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² before entering the Power Down Mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled.
LVD Register
The Low Voltage Detector function is controlled using a
single register with the name LVDCTL. Three bits in this
register, VLVD0~VLVD2, are used to select one of eight
fixed voltages below which a low voltage condition will
be detemined. A low voltage condition is indicated when
the LVDO bit is set. If the LVDO bit is low, this indicates
that the VDD voltage is above the preset low voltage
value. The LVDEN bit is used to control the overall on/off
function of the low voltage detector. Setting the bit high
will enable the low voltage detector. Clearing the bit to
zero will switch off the internal low voltage detector circuits. As the low voltage detector will consume a certain
amount of power, it may be desirable to switch off the
circuit when not in use, an important consideration in
power sensitive battery powered applications.
No matter what the source of the wake-up event is, once
a wake-up situation occurs, a time period equal to 1024
system clock periods will be required before normal system operation resumes. However, if the wake-up has
originated due to an interrupt, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by an additional one or
more cycles. If the wake-up results in the execution of
the next instruction following the ²HALT² instruction, this
will be executed immediately after the 1024 system
clock period delay has ended.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
¾
¾
LVDO
LVDEN
¾
VLVD2
VLVD1
VLVD0
R/W
R
R
R
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
LVD Control Register - LVDCTL
Bit
Name
0
VLVD0
LVD Voltage Bit 0
See Table
1
VLVD1
LVD Voltage Bit 1
See Table
2
VLVD2
LVD Voltage Bit 2
See Table
3
¾
4
LVDEN
Rev. 1.10
Description
Condition
Not used - read as zero
LVD Enable/Disable
1: Enable; 0: Disable
LVD Output Flag
1: Low Voltage Detect
0: No Low Voltage Detect
5
LVDO
6
¾
Not used - read as zero
7
¾
Not used - read as zero
62
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
· Bits 0~2: VLVD0~VLVD2
Watchdog Timer
These bits specify the low voltage detect voltage as
shown:
VLVD0
VLVD1
VLVD2
Voltage
0
0
0
Reversed
0
0
1
Reversed
0
1
0
Reversed
0
1
1
Reversed
1
0
0
Reversed
1
0
1
Reversed
1
1
0
Reversed
1
1
1
4.4
The Watchdog Timer is provided to prevent program malfunctions or sequences from jumping to unknown locations, due to certain uncontrollable external events such
as electrical noise. It operates by providing a device reset
when the WDT counter overflows. The WDT clock is supplied by one of two sources selected by configuration option: its own self contained dedicated internal WDT
oscillator or fSYS/4. Note that if the WDT configuration option has been disabled, then any instruction relating to its
operation will result in no operation.
The internal WDT oscillator has an approximate period
of 65us at a supply voltage of 5V. If selected, it is first divided by 256 via an 8-stage counter to give a nominal
period of 17ms. Note that this period can vary with VDD,
temperature and process variations. For longer WDT
time-out periods the WDT prescaler can be utilised. By
writing the required value to bits 0, 1 and 2 of the WDTS
register, known as WS0, WS1 and WS2, longer time-out
periods can be achieved. With WS0, WS1 and WS2 all
equal to 1, the division ratio is 1:128 which gives a maximum time-out period of about 2.1s.
LVD Operation
The Low Voltage Detector function operates by comparing the power supply voltage, VDD, with a pre-specified
voltage level stored in the LVDCTL register. When the
power supply voltage, VDD, falls below this
pre-determined value, the LVDO bit will be set high indicating a low power supply voltage condition. The Low
Voltage Detector function is supplied by a reference
voltage which will be automatically enabled. When the
device is powered down the low voltage detector will remain active if the LVDEN bit is high.
V L V D 2
V D D
V re f
L V D
V L V D 1
If the fSYS/4 clock is used as the WDT clock source, it
should be noted that when the system enters the Power
Down Mode, then the instruction clock is stopped and
the WDT will lose its protecting purposes. For systems
that operate in noisy environments, using the internal
WDT oscillator is strongly recommended.
V L V D 0
F u n c tio n
L V D 0
L V D 0
= tL
V D
Under normal program operation, a WDT time-out will
initialise a device reset and set the status bit TO. However, if the system is in the Power Down Mode, when a
WDT time-out occurs, the TO bit in the status register
will be set and only the Program Counter and Stack
Pointer will be reset. Three methods can be adopted to
clear the contents of the WDT. The first is an external
hardware reset, which means a low level on the RES
pin, the second is using the watchdog software instructions and the third is via a ²HALT² instruction.
L V D F
L V D E N
LVD Block Diagram
After enabling the Low Voltage Detector, a time delay
tLVDS should be allowed for the circuitry to stabilise before reading the LVDO bit. Note also that as the VDD
voltage may rise and fall rather slowly, at the voltage
nears that of VLVD, there may be multiple bit LVDO transitions.
When the device is powered down the Low Voltage Detector will remain active if the LVDEN bit is high.
LVD Operation
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clear the WDT. Note that for this second option, if ²CLR
WDT1² is used to clear the WDT, successive executions
of this instruction will have no effect, only the execution of
a ²CLR WDT2² instruction will clear the WDT. Similarly
after the ²CLR WDT2² instruction has been executed,
only a successive ²CLR WDT1² instruction can clear the
Watchdog Timer.
There are two methods of using software instructions to
clear the Watchdog Timer, one of which must be chosen
by configuration option. The first option is to use the single ²CLR WDT² instruction while the second is to use the
two commands ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². For the
first option, a simple execution of ²CLR WDT² will clear
the WDT while for the second option, both ²CLR WDT1²
and ²CLR WDT2² must both be executed to successfully
b 7
W S 2
b 0
W S 0
W S 1
W D T S R e g is te r
W D T p r e s c a le r r a te s e le c t
W D T R
W S 0
W S 2
W S 1
1 :1
0
0
0
1 :2
1
0
0
1 :4
0
0
1
1 :8
1
0
1
1 :1
0
1
0
1 :3
1
1
0
1 :6
0
1
1
1 :1
1
1
1
a te
6
2
4
2 8
N o t u s e d
Watchdog Timer Register
C L R
W D T 1 F la g
C L R
W D T 2 F la g
C le a r W D T T y p e
C o n fig u r a tio n O p tio n
1 o r 2 In s tr u c tio n s
fS
Y S
/4
W D T O s c illa to r
W D T C lo c k S o u r c e
C o n fig u r a tio n O p tio n
C L R
8 - B it C o u n te r
(¸ 2 5 6 )
W D T C lo c k S o u r c e
C L R
7 - B it P r e s c a le r
8 -to -1 M U X
W S 0 ~ W S 2
W D T T im e - o u t
Watchdog Timer
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Configuration Options
Configuration options refer to certain options within the MCU that are programmed into the device during the programming process. During the development process, these options are selected using the HT-IDE software development
tools. As these options are programmed into the device using the hardware programming tools, once they are selected
they cannot be changed later by the application software has no control over the configuration options. All options must
be defined for proper system function, the details of which are shown in the table.
No.
Function
Description
1
Wake-up PA0~PA7 (bit option)
None wake-up or wake-up
2
Pull-high PA0~PA7 (bit option)
None pull-high or pull-high
3
Pull-high PB0~PB7 (bit option)
None pull-high or pull-high
4
Pull-high PC0~PC5 (port option)
None pull-high or pull-high
5
Pull-high PD0 (bit option)
None pull-high or pull-high
6
PD0/PFD
PD0 or PFD output
7
LVR
Disable or enable
8
PWM mode
10 bits or (9+1) or (8+2) or (7+3) bits mode
9
WDT clock source
WDTOSC or fSYS/4
10
WDT
Enable or disable
11
CLRWDT
2 instructions or 1 instruction
12
OSC
External RC + PD3, external XTAL or internal RC + PD2/PD3
13
PD1/RES
RESET Pin or PD1
14
PWMLEV
PWMxH outputs are active high or active low
15
PWMCLEV
PWMxL outputs are active high or active low
16
Comparator interrupt source
Comparator output falling edge or PA3 falling edge
17
PFD source
PFD0: timer 0 overflow or PFD1: timer 1 overflow
18
INT1 trigger edge
Disable or rising edge or falling edge or double edge
19
INT0A pin-shared Option
Pin shared with PA4 or PB4
20
INT0B pin-shared Option
Pin shared with PA5 or PB5
21
INT0C pin-shared Option
Pin shared with PA6 or PB6
22
Internal RC OSC
12MHz, 16MHz or 20MHz
23
PWM duty mode
1 PWM duty mode or 3 PWM duty mode
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Application Circuits
V
D D
V D D /A V D D
1 0 0 k W
0 .1 m F
P C 0 ~ P C 5
M O S F E T
&
D r iv e r
B L D C
R e s e t
C ir c u it
R E S /P D 1
P A 4 /IN T 0 A
P A 5 /IN T 0 B
P A 6 /IN T 0 C
0 .1 m F
V S S /A V S S
P A 7 /IN T 1
H A L L S e n s o r In p u t
P A 2 /C V IN N
O S C
C ir c u it
S e e O s c illa to r
S e c tio n
O S C 1
O S C 2
P A 1 /C V IN P
P A 3 /C O U T
P B 7 /A N 7 /T M R 0 /T M R 1
P B 0 /A N 0 ~ P B 1 /A N 1
P B 4 /A N 4 ~ P B 6 /A N 6
P B 2 /A N 2 /O P
P B 3 /A N 3 /O
P A 0 /O
P D 0
O U
P IN
P IN
/P F
T
N
P
D
H T 4 5 F M 0 3 B
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Instruction Set
subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary
arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for
subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions
INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of
increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values
in the destination specified.
Introduction
C e n t ra l t o t he s uc c es s f ul oper a t i on o f a n y
microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to
perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek
microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of
over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers
to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads.
Logical and Rotate Operations
For easier understanding of the various instruction
codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings.
The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR
and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most
instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass
through the Accumulator which may involve additional
programming steps. In all logical data operations, the
zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero.
Another form of logical data manipulation comes from
the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC
which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or
left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for
serial port programming applications where data can be
rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from
where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit
set high or low. Another application where rotate data
operations are used is to implement multiplication and
division calculations.
Instruction Timing
Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are
required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system
clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system
oscillator, most instructions would be implemented
within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited
to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions
which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low
register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the
PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one
more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the
case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then
this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved
then only one cycle is required.
Branches and Control Transfer
Program branching takes the form of either jumps to
specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the
sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program
must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a
return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause
the program to jump back to the address right after the
CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the
program simply jumps to the desired location. There is
no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off
point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special
and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the
conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program
will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and
jump to the following instruction. These instructions are
the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits.
Moving and Transferring Data
The transfer of data within the microcontroller program
is one of the most frequently used operations. Making
use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be
transferred from registers to the Accumulator and
vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most
important data transfer applications is to receive data
from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports.
Arithmetic Operations
The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and
data manipulation is a necessary feature of most
microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and
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Bit Operations
Other Operations
The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek
microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for
output port bit programming where individual bits or port
pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET
[m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the
8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure
that other bits are not changed and then output the port
with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used.
In addition to the above functional instructions, a range
of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to
control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable
program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations,
refer to the functional related sections.
Instruction Set Summary
The following table depicts a summary of the instruction
set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions.
Table Read Operations
Table conventions:
Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of
fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an
area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where
data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be
referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory.
Mnemonic
x: Bits immediate data
m: Data Memory address
A: Accumulator
i: 0~7 number of bits
addr: Program memory address
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1Note
1Note
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
C
1
1
1
1Note
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
1Note
1
1Note
Z
Z
Z
Z
Arithmetic
ADD A,[m]
ADDM A,[m]
ADD A,x
ADC A,[m]
ADCM A,[m]
SUB A,x
SUB A,[m]
SUBM A,[m]
SBC A,[m]
SBCM A,[m]
DAA [m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Add ACC to Data Memory
Add immediate data to ACC
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Add ACC to Data memory with Carry
Subtract immediate data from the ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory
Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory
Logic Operation
AND A,[m]
OR A,[m]
XOR A,[m]
ANDM A,[m]
ORM A,[m]
XORM A,[m]
AND A,x
OR A,x
XOR A,x
CPL [m]
CPLA [m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Logical AND immediate Data to ACC
Logical OR immediate Data to ACC
Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC
Complement Data Memory
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment & Decrement
INCA [m]
INC [m]
DECA [m]
DEC [m]
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Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment Data Memory
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Decrement Data Memory
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Mnemonic
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
None
None
C
C
None
None
C
C
Move Data Memory to ACC
Move ACC to Data Memory
Move immediate data to ACC
1
1Note
1
None
None
None
Clear bit of Data Memory
Set bit of Data Memory
1Note
1Note
None
None
Jump unconditionally
Skip if Data Memory is zero
Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Return from interrupt
2
1Note
1note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
2
2
2
2
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
2Note
2Note
None
None
No operation
Clear Data Memory
Set Data Memory
Clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Enter power down mode
1
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
1
None
None
None
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
None
None
TO, PDF
Rotate
RRA [m]
RR [m]
RRCA [m]
RRC [m]
RLA [m]
RL [m]
RLCA [m]
RLC [m]
Data Move
MOV A,[m]
MOV [m],A
MOV A,x
Bit Operation
CLR [m].i
SET [m].i
Branch
JMP addr
SZ [m]
SZA [m]
SZ [m].i
SNZ [m].i
SIZ [m]
SDZ [m]
SIZA [m]
SDZA [m]
CALL addr
RET
RET A,x
RETI
Table Read
TABRDC [m]
TABRDL [m]
Miscellaneous
NOP
CLR [m]
SET [m]
CLR WDT
CLR WDT1
CLR WDT2
SWAP [m]
SWAPA [m]
HALT
Note:
1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required,
if no skip takes place only one cycle is required.
2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution.
3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by
the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and
²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags
remain unchanged.
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Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADCM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,x
Add immediate data to ACC
Description
The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADDM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
AND A,[m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
AND A,x
Logical AND immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ANDM A,[m]
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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CALL addr
Subroutine call
Description
Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the
stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this
new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m]
Clear Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m] ¬ 00H
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m].i
Clear bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR WDT
Clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT1
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT2
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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CPL [m]
Complement Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
CPLA [m]
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result
is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
DAA [m]
Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory
Description
Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or
if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble
remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of
6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C
flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is
greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + 00H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 06H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 60H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 66H
Affected flag(s)
C
DEC [m]
Decrement Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
DECA [m]
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
HALT
Enter power down mode
Description
This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents
of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The
power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared.
Operation
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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INC [m]
Increment Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
INCA [m]
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
JMP addr
Jump unconditionally
Description
The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program
execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy
instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,[m]
Move Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,x
Move immediate data to ACC
Description
The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV [m],A
Move ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC
Affected flag(s)
None
NOP
No operation
Description
No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.
Operation
No operation
Affected flag(s)
None
OR A,[m]
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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OR A,x
Logical OR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ORM A,[m]
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
RET
Return from subroutine
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
Affected flag(s)
None
RET A,x
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the
specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
RETI
Return from interrupt
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending
when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
EMI ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
RL [m]
Rotate Data Memory left
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
RLA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.10
74
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
RLC [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RLCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces
the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in
the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RR [m]
Rotate Data Memory right
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into
bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data
Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRC [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
RRCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is
stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
Rev. 1.10
75
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
SBC A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result
of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or
zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SBCM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is
positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SDZ [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SDZA [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m]
Set Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ FFH
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m].i
Set bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.10
76
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
SIZ [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SIZA [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SNZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i ¹ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SUB A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUBM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUB A,x
Subtract immediate data from ACC
Description
The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will
be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
Rev. 1.10
77
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
SWAP [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.
Operation
[m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4
Affected flag(s)
None
SWAPA [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The
result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4
ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0
Description
If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As
this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a
two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZA [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is
zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the
program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDC [m]
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDL [m]
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.10
78
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
XOR A,[m]
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XORM A,[m]
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XOR A,x
Logical XOR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.10
79
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Package Information
28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
2 8
1 5
A
B
1
1 4
C
C '
G
H
D
E
a
F
· MS-013
Symbol
Nom.
Max.
A
0.393
¾
0.419
B
0.256
¾
0.300
C
0.012
¾
0.020
C¢
0.697
¾
0.713
D
¾
¾
0.104
E
¾
0.050
¾
F
0.004
¾
0.012
G
0.016
¾
0.050
H
0.008
¾
0.013
a
0°
¾
8°
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.10
Dimensions in inch
Min.
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
9.98
¾
10.64
B
6.50
¾
7.62
C
0.30
¾
0.51
C¢
17.70
¾
18.11
D
¾
¾
2.64
E
¾
1.27
¾
F
0.10
¾
0.30
G
0.41
¾
1.27
H
0.20
¾
0.33
a
0°
¾
8°
80
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Product Tape and Reel Specifications
Reel Dimensions
D
T 2
A
C
B
T 1
SOP 28W (300mil)
Symbol
Description
A
Reel Outer Diameter
B
Reel Inner Diameter
C
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0
Spindle Hole Diameter
D
Key Slit Width
T1
Space Between Flange
T2
Reel Thickness
Rev. 1.10
Dimensions in mm
+0.5/-0.2
2.0±0.5
24.8
+0.3/-0.2
30.2±0.2
81
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Carrier Tape Dimensions
P 0
D
P 1
t
E
F
W
B 0
C
D 1
P
K 0
A 0
R e e l H o le
IC
p a c k a g e p in 1 a n d th e r e e l h o le s
a r e lo c a te d o n th e s a m e s id e .
SOP 28W
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
W
Carrier Tape Width
24.0±0.3
P
Cavity Pitch
12.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.10
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
D
Perforation Diameter
11.5±0.1
1.5
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
10.85±0.10
B0
Cavity Width
18.34±0.10
K0
Cavity Depth
2.97±0.10
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.35±0.01
C
Cover Tape Width
21.3±0.1
Rev. 1.10
1.50
+0.1/-0.0
+0.25/-0.00
82
May 7, 2010
HT45FM03B
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters)
No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Tel: 886-3-563-1999
Fax: 886-3-563-1189
http://www.holtek.com.tw
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office)
4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2655-7070
Fax: 886-2-2655-7373
Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline)
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office)
5F, Unit A, Productivity Building, No.5 Gaoxin M 2nd Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China 518057
Tel: 86-755-8616-9908, 86-755-8616-9308
Fax: 86-755-8616-9722
Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office)
46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538
Tel: 1-510-252-9880
Fax: 1-510-252-9885
http://www.holtek.com
Copyright Ó 2010 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used
solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable
without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life
due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices
or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information,
please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Rev. 1.10
83
May 7, 2010