Application Notes M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 1. Summary This sample program provides the functionality of musical scale output by using the Renesas Starter Kit for M16C/26A (R0K33026AS000BE) and an extension board. Turning the potentiometer changes the sound and frequency. The extension board used here is a product from PI System Co., Ltd. 2. Introduction The example described in this document applies to the microcomputers listed below: Microcomputers: M16C26A This sample program runs on the Renesas Starter Kit for M16C/26A (R0K33026AS000BE). Prepare an extension board available for the Renesas Starter Kit or create a circuit similar to the one shown in the example circuit on page 14 and then connect it to the Starter Kit. This program uses RSK_LIB. For details about RSK_LIB, see the RSK_LIB reference manual. (RSK_LIB is the library software provided for use with the Renesas Starter Kit for M16C/26A.) REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 1 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 3. Port Arrangement The buzzer shown here is the facility mounted on an extension board for the Renesas Starter Kit. To use this facility, connect an extension board to the Starter Kit. LCD VR P93 10MHz Xin SW1 P83 P91 LCD E P90 LCD_RS P63 LCD D7 P62 LCD D6 P61 LCD D5 P60 LCD D4 l e 2 5 9 H z d o P72 M30260F8AGP REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 s c a 2007.12 BUZZER Page 2 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 4. Operational Outline The variable resistor (R9) mounted on the board is used to adjust the musical scale and sound a buzzer. Scales and frequencies are displayed as adjusted with the variable resistor (R9). Turning the variable resistor (R9) clockwise lowers the sound, and turning it counterclockwise raises the sound. When SW1 is pressed while a scale is sounded, the sound stops and a string “mute” is displayed on liquid crystal display. Liquid crystal display Scale ２５９Hz Do Liquid crystal display M16C26A M16C26A Buzzer R9 Liquid crystal display Scale ２５９Hz Do Scale ２９２Hz Re SW3 SW2 SW1/ BOOT Buzzer Outputs the sound do M16C26A Buzzer R9 SW3 SW2 SW1/ BOOT Outputs the sound re R9 SW3 SW2 SW1/ BOOT Outputs the sound do The operation described above is accomplished using the following microcomputer facilities: • Timer A0 (timer mode, main 2 ms cycle) This timer counts 2 milliseconds using the main clock of the microcomputer as the count source. It is used as the basic timer of RSK_LIB. Time management, LCD display management and AD input are performed using this timer. • AD24 (single-shot mode, AD value measurement) Analog voltages are converted to digital data using the main clock of the microcomputer as a conversion clock. More specifically, the analog voltages output from the variable resistor (R9) are A/D converted. • Timer A1 (pulse modulation mode, buzzer output) This timer outputs a waveform with different high and low pulse widths using the main clock of the microcomputer as the count source. The high-level width of the output pulse is changed to alter the frequency, by which the buzzer tone is varied. REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 3 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 5. Operational Specification (1) Immediately after the reset switch is depressed, the scale corresponding to a variable resistor position is output. (1) Reset switch depressed (2) Scale output and display are changed using the variable resistor (R9). s (3) Scale output is turned on or off by pressing SW1. c a l e When scale output is turned off, a string “mute” is (2) Variable resistor 2 5 9 H z displayed. d o Relationship between VR Input (Input Voltage) and Scale Output Input voltage s Frequency 0 -0.625V do 259Hz 0.625 -1.25V re 292Hz 1.25 -1.875V mi 327Hz 1.875 - 2.5V fa 347Hz 2.5 - 3.125V so 393Hz 3.125 - 3.75V la 441Hz 3.75 - 4.375V si 498Hz 4.375 - 5V do 524Hz c a l e 2 9 2 H z r e (3) SW1 depressed s c a l e m u t * The AD values are set by calling the common function “AD s average” (RL_AdVeraging). Within the function, a value is sampled 6 times, and the sampled values except the maximum c a l (4) SW1 depressed e 2 9 2 H z and minimum values are averaged, the result of which is e r e returned. This average value is acquired 8 times, the average of which is made a fixed value. REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 4 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 6. Definition of the RSK Functionality and the RSK_LIB APIs and Common Functions Used by Musical Scale 6.1 Definition of the RSK Functionality RSKdefine.h file In this application, the following functionalities (those shown in red) are set /********************************************************* The boot information on CPU is defined Usually, this mode is used *********************************************************/ #define _CPU_M16C26A_NORMAL_MOD /* Use in low power mode can be performed. */ //#define _CPU_M16C26A_32KHZ_MOD /* Use of access of a flash can be performed. */ //#define _CPU_M16C26A_DATAFLASF_USE /******************************************************** The hardware function which RSK supports is chosen /********************************************************/ //#define _USE_KEY #define _USE_BUZZER #define _OPTION_USE_AD //#define _OPTION_USE_COM_RX //#define _OPTION_USE_COM_TX //#define _OPTION_USE_INFRAEDRX //#define _OPTION_USE_INFRAEDTX #define _OPTION_USE_SW //#define _OPTION_USE_LED //#define _OPTION_USE_IO Individual definition of each selected functionality #if defined _OPTION_USE_AD /* Define Illumimeter Adc */ //#define _OPTION_USE_AD0 /* Define Vr Adc */ //#define _OPTION_USE_AD24 #endif Potentiometer input AD is used Pushbutton SW1 is used #if defined _OPTION_USE_SW #define _OPTION_USE_PUSHSW1 //#define _OPTION_USE_PUSHSW2 //#define _OPTION_USE_PUSHSW3 #endif REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 5 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 6.2 APIs and Common Functions Used ApiStatusType RL_SetTimerReq( unsigned int TimerValue, char TimerMode, int *TimerNo, int *ERcode ); ApiStatusType RL_StartTimer( int TimerNo, int *ERcode ); ApiStatusType RL_CheckTimer( int TimerNo, int *ERcode ); ApiStatusType RL_Putc_Lcd( char Ylocation, char outc, int *ERcode ); ApiStatusType RL_Puts_LcdLoc( char Xlocation, char Ylocation, char RvTime, const char far* outc, int *ERcode ); ApiStatusType RL_Start_Buzzer( char freqNo, int *ERcode ); ApiStatusType RL_Stop_Buzzer( int *ERcode ); ApiStatusType RL_Start_Adc( int AdIdentfier, int *ERcode ); int RL_AdAveraging( int AdLogicalNo, int *AdAverage, int *ERcode ); ApiStatusType RL_GetSwPort( char PortNo, char *Indata, int *ERcode ); void RL_ErrorHook( int FuncNo, int ErrorNo ); For details about the APIs and common functions used by the sample program (musical scale), see the Renesas Starter Kit Library V.1.00 Reference Manual. REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 6 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 7. Flowchart Voltmeter Clear display on LCD Show the initial screen Request AD start Measure potentiometer Process buzzer Process measured value display NO SW1 changed? YES Process mute display REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 7 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 8. Tutorial 1 Launch the HEW by double-clicking its icon. 2 Change the session name from “default Session” to “SessionM16C_E8_System.” REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 8 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 3 Select “M30260F8A” for Device. Select “Download emulator firmware” for Mode. REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 9 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) Check the box labeled “Power supply is carried out. (MAX 300mA)” and then select “5.0V.” REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 10 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 4 In the program and the work RAM text boxes of Firmware Location Address, enter “FA0” and “0B8” respectively. Leave the box labeled “Debug a program using the WDT” unchecked. REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 11 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 5 Choose Download from the Debug tab and download a module. The upper-side choices for Download show the location from which a project was downloaded. REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 12 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 6 7 Click “Start after Reset” to start program execution. Please do "Cancellation" when "The file is opened" window opens. REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 13 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 9. Example Circuit 10. Part List Part name Part No. Q’ty Manufacturer Type number Value Remark Buzzer BUZZ1 1 CUI inc CEP-1160 Switching diode D1 1 ROHM 1SS355TE-17 Chip resistor R7 1 ROHM MCR10EZHF103 10k 1/8W, 5% PCB header JA1,JA2 2 Molex 10-88-1261 26pin Male, 2-row, vertical type REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 No-polarity, separately exited oscillation Page 14 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) 11. Web Sitet Renesas Technology Web site http://www.renesas.com/ REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 15 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) Revision History Content of revision Rev. Date of issue 1.00 2006.06.30 - First revision issued 1.10 2007.12.03 - Contents of presentation improved REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 Page Points 2007.12 Page 16 of 17 M16C/26A Group Sample Program (Musical Scale) REJ05B0817-0110 Rev.1.10 2007.12 Page 17 of 17