EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators General Description Benefits and Features The MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 is a family of peakcurrent-mode controllers for design of wide input-voltage flyback and boost regulators. The MAX17595 offers optimized input thresholds for universal input AC-DC converters and telecom DC-DC (36V to 72V input range) power supplies. The MAX17596/MAX17597 offer input thresholds suitable for low-voltage DC-DC applications (4.5V to 36V). The MAX17597 implements a boost converter. All three controllers contain a built-in gate driver for external n-channel MOSFETs. SPeak-Current-Mode Offline (Universal Input AC) and Telecom (36V to 72V) Flyback Controller— MAX17595 The MAX17595/ MAX17596 / MAX17597 house an internal error amplifier with 1% accurate reference, eliminating the need for an external reference. The switching frequency is programmable from 100kHz to 1MHz with an accuracy of 8% , allowing optimization of magnetic and filter components, resulting in compact and cost-effective power conversion. For EMI-sensitive applications, the MAX17595/MAX17596/ MAX17597 family incorporates a programmable frequency dithering scheme, enabling low-EMI spread-spectrum operation. SLow 20µA Startup Supply Current Users can start the power supply precisely at the desired input voltage, implement input overvoltage protection, and program soft-start time. A programmable slope compensation scheme is provided to ensuree stability of the peak-current-mode control scheme. Hiccup-mode overcurrent protection and thermal shutdown are provided to minimize dissipation in overcurrent and overtemperature fault conditions. SPeak-Current-Mode DC-DC (4.5V to 36V) Flyback Controller—MAX17596 SPeak-Current-Mode Nonsynchronous (4.5V to 36V) Boost PWM Controller—MAX17597 SCurrent Mode Control Provides Excellent Transient Response S100kHz to 1MHz Programmable Switching Frequency with Optional Synchronization SProgrammable Frequency Dithering for Low-EMI Spread-Spectrum Operation SAdjustable Current Limit with External CurrentSense Resistor SFast Cycle-By-Cycle Peak Current Limiting SHiccup-Mode Short-Circuit Protection SOvertemperature Protection SProgrammable Soft-Start and Slope Compensation SInput Overvoltage Protection SSpace-Saving, 3mm x 3mm TQFN Package Ordering Information/Selector Guide appears at end of data sheet. Applications Universal Input Offline AC-DC Power Supplies Wide-Range DC-Input Flyback/Boost Battery Chargers Battery-Powered Applications Industrial, Telecom, and Automotive Applications For related parts and recommended products to use with this part, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/MAX17595.related. For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maximintegrated.com. 19-6178; Rev 2; 6/13 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VIN to SGND...........................................................-0.3V to +40V VDRV to SGND...................................-0.3V to +16V (MAX17595) VDRV to SGND...........-0.3V to +6V (MAX17596 and MAX17597) NDRV to SGND..................................... -0.3V to +(VDRV + 0.3)V EN/UVLO to SGND................................... -0.3V to +(VIN + 0.3)V OVI, RT, DITHER, COMP, SS, FB, SLOPE to SGND..................................................... -0.3V to +6V CS to SGND.............................................................-0.8V to +6V PGND to SGND.....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V Maximum Input/Output Current (Continuous) VIN, VDRV..........................................................................100mA NDRV (pulsed, for less than 100ns)........................... 1.5A/-0.9A Continuous Power Dissipation TQFN (single-layer board) (derate 20.8mW/NC above +70NC).............................1666mW Operating Temperature Range......................... -40NC to +125NC Storage Temperature Range............................. -65NC to +150NC Junction Temperature......................................................+150NC Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300NC Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260NC Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 1) Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (qJA)...............48°C/W Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (qJC)......................7°C/W Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 12V (for the MAX17595, bring VIN up to 21V for startup), VCS = VSLOPE = VDITHER = VFB = VOVI = VSGND = VPGND = 0V, VEN/UVLO = +2V; NDRV, SS, COMP are unconnected, RRT = 25kI, CVIN = 1FF, CVDRV = 1FF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = TJ = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS INPUT SUPPLY (VIN) VIN Voltage Range VIN MAX17595 8 29 4.5 MAX17595 18.5 20 21.5 MAX17596/MAX17597 3.8 4.1 4.4 MAX17595 6.5 7 7.5 MAX17596/MAX17597 3.6 3.9 4.2 MAX17596/MAX17597 36 V VIN Bootstrap UVLO Wakeup VIN-UVR VIN rising # VIN Bootstrap UVLO Shutdown Level VIN-UVF VIN falling $ VIN Supply Startup Current (Under UVLO) IVINSTARTUP VIN < UVLO 20 32 FA 32 FA VIN Supply Shutdown Current IIN-SH VEN = 0V 20 VIN Supply Current IIN-SW Switching, fSW = 400kHz 2 VIN Clamp Voltage VINC MAX17595, IVIN = 2mA sinking, VEN = 0V (Note 3) 30 33 36 VENR VEN rising # 1.16 1.21 1.26 VENF VEN falling $ 1.1 1.15 1.2 V V mA V ENABLE (EN) EN Undervoltage Threshold EN Input Leakage Current Maxim Integrated IEN VEN = 1.5V, TA = +25NC -100 +100 V nA 2 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VIN = 12V (for the MAX17595, bring VIN up to 21V for startup), VCS = VSLOPE = VDITHER = VFB = VOVI = VSGND = VPGND = 0V, VEN/UVLO = +2V; NDRV, SS, COMP are unconnected, RRT = 25kI, CVIN = 1FF, CVDRV = 1FF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = TJ = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 8V < VIN < 15V and 0mA < IVDRV < 50mA (MAX17595) 7.1 7.4 7.7 6V < VIN < 15V and 0mA < IVDRV < 50mA (MAX17596/MAX17597) 4.7 4.9 IVDRV-MAX 70 100 VVDRV-DO VIN = 4.5V, IVDRV = 20mA (MAX17596/ MAX17597) 4.2 VOVIR VOVI rising # 1.16 1.21 1.26 VOVIF VOVI falling $ 1.1 1.15 1.2 UNITS INTERNAL LDO (VDRV) VDRV Output Voltage Range VDRV Current Limit VDRV Dropout VDRV V OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (OVI) OVI Overvoltage Threshold OVI Masking Delay OVI Input Leakage Current tOVI-MD IOVI VOVI = 1V, TA = +25NC -100 NDRV Switching Frequency Range fSW 100 NDRV Switching Frequency Accuracy -8 2 5.1 mA V V Fs +100 nA 1000 kHz +8 % OSCILLATOR (RT) Maximum Duty Cycle DMAX fSW = 400kHz (MAX17595/MAX17596) 46 48 50 (MAX17597) 90 92.5 95 % SYNCHRONIZATION (DITHER/SYNC) Synchronization Logic-High Input Synchronization Pulse Width Synchronization Frequency Range VHI-SYNC fSYNC 3 (MAX17595/MAX17596) (Note 4) V 50 ns 1.8 x fSW Hz 1.1 x fSW DITHERING RAMP GENERATOR (DITHER/SYNC) Charging Current Discharging Current Ramp-High Trip Point Ramp-Low Trip Point Maxim Integrated 45 50 55 FA 43 50 57 FA 2 0.4 V V 3 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VIN = 12V (for the MAX17595, bring VIN up to 21V for startup), VCS = VSLOPE = VDITHER = VFB = VOVI = VSGND = VPGND = 0V, VEN/UVLO = +2V; NDRV, SS, COMP are unconnected, RRT = 25kI, CVIN = 1FF, CVDRV = 1FF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = TJ = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 11 FA SOFT-START (SS) Soft-Start Charging Current SS Bias Voltage ISSCH VSS NDRV DRIVER (NDRV) Pulldown Impedance RNDRV-N INDRV (sinking) = 100mA Pullup Impedance RNDRV-P INDRV (sourcing) = 50mA Peak Sink Current Peak Source Current CNDRV = 10nF CNDRV = 10nF 9 10 1.19 1.21 1.23 V 1.37 3 I 4.26 8.5 I 1.5 A 0.9 10 A Fall Time tNDRV-F CNDRV = 1nF Rise Time tNDRV-R CNDRV = 1nF 20 ns ns CURRENT-LIMIT COMPARATOR (CS) Cycle-by-Cycle Peak Current-Limit Threshold VCS-PEAK 290 305 320 mV Cycle-by-Cycle Runaway Current-Limit Threshold VCS-RUN 340 360 380 mV Current-Sense LeadingEdge Blanking Time tCS-BLANK From NDRV rising # edge 70 ns From CS rising (10mV overdrive) to NDRV falling (excluding leading edge blanking) 40 ns Propagation Delay from Comparator Input to NDRV tPDCS Number of Consecutive Peak- Current-Limit Events to Hiccup NHICCUP-P 8 events Number of RunawayCurrent-Limit Events to Hiccup NHICCUP-R 1 event 32,768 cycle 90 Overcurrent Hiccup Timeout Minimum On-Time tON-MIN 130 170 ns SLOPE COMPENSATION (SLOPE) Slope Bias Current Slope Resistor Range Maxim Integrated ISLOPE 9 10 11 FA 25 200 kI 4 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VIN = 12V (for the MAX17595, bring VIN up to 21V for startup), VCS = VSLOPE = VDITHER = VFB = VOVI = VSGND = VPGND = 0V, VEN/UVLO = +2V; NDRV, SS, COMP are unconnected, RRT = 25kI, CVIN = 1FF, CVDRV = 1FF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = TJ = +25NC.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP Slope Voltage Range for Default Slope Compensation 4 Slope Voltage Range for Programmable Slope Compensation 0.2 Slope Compensation Ramp RSLOPE = 100kW 140 165 Default Slope Compensation Ramp 4V < VSLOPE MAX UNITS V 2 V 190 mV/Fs 50 mV/Fs PWM COMPARATOR Comparator Offset Voltage VPWM-OS VCOMP, when VCS = 0 1.65 1.81 2 V Current-Sense Gain ACS-PWM DVCOMP/DVCS 1.75 1.97 2.15 V/V Comparator Propagation Delay tPWM Change in VCS = 10mV (including internal leadedge blanking) FB Reference Voltage VREF VFB, when ICOMP = 0 and VCOMP = 1.8V 1.19 FB Input Bias Current IFB VFB = 1.5V, TA = +25NC -100 110 ns ERROR AMPLIFIER V +100 nA 90 Transconductance Gm 1.5 1.8 2.1 Transconductance Bandwidth BW Open-loop (gain = 1), -3dB frequency 10 Source Current VCOMP = 1.8V, VFB = 1V 80 120 210 FA VCOMP = 1.8V, VFB = 1.75V 80 120 210 FA Thermal-Shutdown Threshold Temperature rising +160 NC Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis 20 NC Sink Current AEAMP 1.23 Voltage Gain 1.21 dB mS MHz THERMAL SHUTDOWN Note 2: All devices 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed by design. Note 3: The MAX17595 is intended for use in universal input power supplies. The internal clamp circuit at VIN is used to prevent the bootstrap capacitor from charging to a voltage beyond the absolute maximum rating of the device when EN is low (shutdown mode). Externally limit the maximum current to VIN (hence to clamp) to 2mA (max) when EN is low. Note 4: Using an external clock for synchronization increases the maximum duty cycle by a factor equal to fSYNC / fSW for the MAX17595/MAX17596. External synchronization is not available for the MAX17597. Maxim Integrated 5 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Typical Operating Characteristics (VIN = 15V, VEN/UVLO = +2V, COMP = open, CVIN = 1FF, CVDRV = 1FF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted.) VIN WAKE-UP LEVEL vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX17596/MAX17597) BOOTSTRAP UVLO WAKE-UP LEVEL vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX17595) VIN BOOTSTRAP UVLO SHUTDOWN LEVEL (V) 4.12 20.03 VIN WAKE-UP LEVEL (V) BOOTSTRAP UVLO WAKE-UP LEVEL (V) 4.13 MAX17595/6/7 toc01 20.04 20.02 20.01 20.00 19.99 4.11 4.10 4.09 4.08 19.98 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -40 -20 VIN FALLING THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX17596/MAX17597) 0 20 40 60 80 7.020 7.015 7.010 7.005 7.000 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3.90 3.89 3.88 40 60 80 100 120 MAX17595/6/7 toc05 1.208 1.207 1.206 1.205 1.204 1.203 1.202 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -40 -20 100 120 0 EN/UVLO FALLING THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE 40 60 80 100 120 OVI RISING THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE MAX17595/6/7 toc06 1.148 1.147 1.146 1.145 MAX17595/6/7 toc07 1.211 OVI RISING THRESHOLD (V) 1.149 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) EN / UVLO FALLING THRESHOLD (V) 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1.209 3.97 1.210 1.209 1.208 1.207 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) Maxim Integrated 0 EN/ UVLO RISING THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE EN/UVLO RISING THRESHOLD (V) 3.91 -40 -20 100 120 MAX17595/6/7 toc04 3.92 MAX17595/6/7 toc03 7.025 6.995 4.07 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) VIN UVLO SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD (V) VIN FALLING THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX17595) MAX17595/6/7 toc02 80 100 120 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = 15V, VEN/UVLO = +2V, COMP = open, CVIN = 1FF, CVDRV = 1FF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted.) OVI FALLING THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE MAX17595/6/7 toc08 1.1495 1.1490 1.1485 1.1480 1.1475 2.4 24.5 23.5 22.5 21.5 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 2.0 1.9 1.8 100 120 -40 -20 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) NDRV SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 700 600 500 400 300 200 80 100 120 RRT = 10kI 850 750 650 550 450 350 250 RRT = 100kI 150 100 60 MAX17595/6/7 toc12 950 800 40 NDRV SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE MAX17595/6/7 toc11 900 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) NDRV SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs. RESISTOR NDRV SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 2.1 1.5 -40 -20 TEMPERATURE (°C) 50 0 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 FREQUENCY SELECTION RESISTOR (kI) FREQUENCY DITHERING vs. RDITHER -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) SWITCHING WAVEFORMS (MAX17595) MAX17595/6/7 toc13 14 FREQUENCY DITHERING (%) 2.2 1.6 100 120 1000 2.3 1.7 20.5 19.5 -40 -20 MAX17595/6/7 toc10 2.5 SWITCHING CURRENT (mA) 1.1500 SWITCHING CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE MAX17595/6/7 toc09 25.5 VIN SUPPLY CURRENT UNDER UVLO (µA) 1.1505 OVI FALLING THRESHOLD (V) VIN SUPPLY CURRENT UNDER UVLO vs. TEMPERATURE MAX17595/6/7 toc14 12 10 VDRAIN 100V/div 8 6 IPRI 1A /div 4 2 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 4µs/div RDITHER (kI) Maxim Integrated 7 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = 15V, VEN/UVLO = +2V, COMP = open, CVIN = 1FF, CVDRV = 1FF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +125NC, unless otherwise noted.) ENABLE STARTUP ENABLE SHUTDOWN MAX17595/6/7 toc15 HICCUP OPERATION MAX17595/6/7 toc16 EN/UVLO 5V/div MAX17595/6/7 toc17 EN/UVLO 5V/div VOUT 10V/div VOUT 10V/div VOUT 10V/div COMP 1V/div VDRAIN 100V/div COMP 1V/div 2ms/div IPRI 2A/div 1ms/div 400µs /div LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE (FIGURE 9 OUTPUT) SWITCHING CURRENT vs. SWITCHING FREQUENCY MAX17595/6/7 toc18 MAX17595/6/7 toc19 SWITCHING CURRENT (mA) 2.5 VOUT (AC) 0.5V/div 2.3 2.1 ILOAD 0.5A/div 1.9 1.7 1.5 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0.4ms/div SWITCHING FREQUENCY (Hz) EFFICIENCY GRAPH (FIGURE 9 OUTPUT) BODE PLOT (FIGURE 9 OUTPUT) MAX17595/6/7 toc20 MAX17595/6/7 toc21 100 90 PHASE 36°/div GAIN 10dB/div BANDWIDTH = 11.5kHz PHASE MARGIN = 50.9° 6 8 1 2 4 6 8 1 2 4 EFFICIENCY (%) 80 VDC = 120V 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 Maxim Integrated 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 LOAD CURRENT (A) 1.2 1.4 8 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators NDRV PGND CS N.C. NDRV PGND CS TOP VIEW N.C. Pin Configuration 12 11 10 9 12 11 10 9 VDRV 13 MAX17595 MAX17596 VIN 14 EN / UVLO 15 EP 7 SS VIN 14 6 FB EN / UVLO 15 5 COMP VDRV 13 EP 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 DITHER / SYNC N.C. SLOPE RT DITHER + RT OVI 16 MAX17597 SLOPE + SGND N.C. OVI 16 8 TQFN 8 SGND 7 SS 6 FB 5 COMP TQFN Pin Description PIN NAME 1, 12 N.C. FUNCTION No Connection 2 SLOPE Slope Compensation Input. A resistor, RSLOPE, connected from SLOPE to SGND programs the amount of slope compensation with reference-voltage soft-start mode. Connecting this pin to SGND enables duty-cycle soft-start with default slope compensation of 50mV/Fs. Setting VSLOPE > 4V enables reference voltage soft-start with default slope compensation of 50mV/Fs. 3 RT Switching Frequency Programming Resistor Connection. Connect resistor RRT from RT to SGND to set the PWM switching frequency. 4 DITHER/SYNC Frequency Dithering Programming or Synchronization Connection. For spread-spectrum frequency operation, connect a capacitor from DITHER to SGND, and a resistor from DITHER to RT. To synchronize the internal oscillator to the externally applied frequency (MAX17595/MAX17596 only), connect DITHER/SYNC to the synchronization pulse. 5 COMP 6 FB Transconductance Amplifier Inverting Input 7 SS Soft-Start Capacitor Pin for Flyback Regulator. Connect a capacitor CSS from SS to SGND to set the soft-start time interval. 8 SGND 9 CS 10 PGND Power Ground. Connect PGND to the power ground plane. 11 NDRV External Switching nMOS Gate-Driver Output Maxim Integrated Transconductance Amplifier Output. Connect the frequency compensation network between COMP and SGND. Signal Ground. Connect SGND to the signal ground plane. Current-Sense Input. Peak-current-limit trip voltage is 300mV (typ). 9 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Pin Description (continued) PIN NAME FUNCTION 13 VDRV Linear Regulator Output and Driver Input. Connect a 1µF bypass capacitor from VDRV to SGND as close as possible to the IC. 14 VIN Internal VDRV Regulator Input. Connect VIN to the input voltage source. Bypass VIN to PGND with a 1FF minimum ceramic capacitor. 15 EN/UVLO 16 OVI Overvoltage Comparator Input. Connect a resistive divider between the input supply, OVI, and SGND to set the input overvoltage threshold. — EP Exposed Pad. Connect to a large ground plane through multiple vias to maximize thermal dissipation. Enable/Undervoltage Lockout. To externally program the UVLO threshold of the input supply, connect a resistive divider between input supply, EN, and SGND. Detailed Description The MAX17595 offers a bootstrap UVLO wake-up level of 20V with a wide hysteresis, and is optimized for implementing isolated and nonisolated universal (85V to 265V AC) offline single-switch flyback converter or telecom (36V to 72V) power supplies. The MAX17596/MAX17597 offer a UVLO wake-up level of 4.4V and are well-suited for low-voltage DC-DC flyback/boost power supplies. An internal 1% reference (1.21V) can be used to regulate the output in nonisolated flyback and boost applications. Additional semiregulated outputs, if needed, can be generated by using additional secondary windings on the flyback converter transformer. The MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 family utilizes peak-current-mode control and external compensation for optimizing closed-loop performance. The devices include cycle-by-cycle peak current limit, and eight consecutive occurrences of current-limit-event trigger hiccup mode, which protects external components by halting switching for a period of 32,768 cycles. . Input Voltage Range (VIN) The MAX17595 has no limitation on maximum input voltage, as long as the external components are rated suitably and the maximum operating voltages of the MAX17595 are respected. Maxim Integrated The MAX17595 implements a rising and falling UVLO threshold that allows it to be successfully used in universal input (85V to 265V AC) rectified bus applications, in rectified 3-phase DC bus applications, and in telecom (36V to 72V DC) applications. The MAX17596/MAX17597 are intended to implement flyback (isolated and nonisolated) and boost converters. The VIN pin of the MAX17596/MAX17597 has a maximum operating voltage of 36V. The MAX17596/ MAX17597 implement rising and falling thresholds on the VIN pin that assume power-supply startup schemes typical of low-voltage DC-DC applications, down to an input voltage of 4.5V DC. Therefore, flyback /boost converters with a 4.5V to 36V supply voltage range can be implemented with the MAX17596/MAX17597. Internal Linear Regulator (VDRV) The internal functions and driver circuits are designed to operate from 7.4V (MAX17595) or 5V (MAX17596/ MAX17597) power-supply voltages. The MAX17595/ MAX17596/MAX17597 family has an internal linear regulator that is powered from the VIN pin. The output of the linear regulator is connected to the VDRV pin, and should be decoupled with a 1FF capacitor to ground for stable operation. The VDRV regulator output supplies all the operating current of the MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597. The maximum operating voltage on the VIN pin is 29V for the MAX17595, and 36V for the MAX17596/MAX17597. 10 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators THERMAL SENSOR VDRV 7.4V (MAX17595) OR 5V (MAX17596/ MAX17597) 7.4V LDO MAX17595 MAX17596 MAX17597* ±50µA DITHER/SYNC 5V LDO CONTROL AND DRIVER LOGIC POK 2V/0.4V HICCUP VDRV VIN NDRV DRIVER UVLO 8 PEAK EVENTS OR 1 RUNAWAY CHIPEN OSC EN / UVLO SSDONE PGND OSC PEAKLIM COMP PGND 305mV DITHER/ SYNC 1.21V RUNAWAY COMP OVI 360mV 1.21V 0.9V BLANKING CS 70ns PWM COMP RT FIXED OR VAR 10µA 10µA SS CHIPPEN SLOPE SLOPE DECODE SS SSDONE OSC 1.21V R COMP 1X R SGND INTERNAL REFERENCE 1.21V SS FB Figure 1. MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Block Diagram (*See Note 4.) Maxim Integrated 11 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators n-Channel MOSFET Gate Driver (NDRV) The devices offer a built-in gate driver for driving an external n-channel MOSFET. The NDRV pin can source/ sink peak currents in excess of 900mA/1500mA. Maximum Duty Cycle The MAX17595/MAX17596 operate at a maximum duty cycle of 49%. The MAX17597 offers a maximum duty cycle of 94% to implement flyback and boost converters involving large input-to-output voltage ratios in DC-DC applications. Slope compensation is necessary for stable operation of peak-current-mode controlled converters such as the MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597, in addition to the loop compensation required for small signal stability. The MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 implement a SLOPE pin for this purpose. See the Slope Compensation section for more details. Soft-Start (SS) The devices implement soft-start operation for the flyback/boost regulators. A capacitor connected to the SS pin programs the soft-start period. The soft-start feature reduces input inrush current during startup. When the voltage on the SLOPE pin is more than 0.2V, the reference to the internal error amplifier is ramped up from 0V to 1.21V in a linear manner, as programmed by the soft-start capacitor. See the Programming Soft-Start (SS) (SS) section. Applications Information Startup Voltage and Input Overvoltage Protection Setting (EN/UVLO, OVI) The devices’ EN/UVLO pin serves as an enable/disable input, as well as an accurate programmable input UVLO pin. The devices do not commence startup operation unless the EN/UVLO pin voltage exceeds 1.21V (typ). The devices turn off if the EN/UVLO pin voltage falls below 1.15V (typ). A resistor-divider from the input DC bus to ground can be used to divide down and apply a fraction of the input DC voltage (VDC) to the EN/UVLO pin. The values of the resistor-divider can be selected so the EN/UVLO pin voltage exceeds the 1.23V (typ) turnon threshold at the desired input DC bus voltage. The same resistor-divider can be modified with an additional resistor (ROVI) to implement input overvoltage protection in addition to the EN/UVLO functionality as shown in Figure 2. When voltage at the OVI pin exceeds 1.21V (typ), the devices stop switching and resume switching operations only if voltage at the OVI pin falls below 1.15V (typ). For given values of startup DC input voltage (VSTART) and input overvoltage-protection voltage (VOVI), the resistor values for the divider can be calculated as fol lows, assuming a 24.9kI resistor for ROVI: VOVI R EN = R OVI × − 1 k I VSTART Switching Frequency Selection (RT) The ICs’ switching frequency is programmable between 100kHz and 1MHz with resistor RRT connected between RT and SGND. Use the following formula to determine the appropriate value of RRT needed to generate the desired output-switching frequency (fSW): R RT = 10 10 fSW where fSW is the desired switching frequency. Frequency Dithering for Spread-Spectrum Applications (Low EMI) The switching frequency of the converter can be dithered in a range of Q10% by connecting a capacitor from DITHER/SYNC to SGND, and a resistor from DITHER to RT. Spread-spectrum modulation technique spreads the energy of switching frequency and its harmonics over a wider band while reducing their peaks, helping to meet stringent EMI goals. Maxim Integrated where ROVI is in kI, while VSTART and VOVI are in volts. VSTART R SUM = R OVI + R EN × − 1 k I 1.21 where REN and ROVI are in kI, while VSTART is in volts. In universal AC input applications, RSUM may need to be implemented as equal resistors in series (RDC1, RDC2, and RDC) so that voltage across each resistor is limited to its maximum operation voltage. R = DC1 R= DC2 R= DC3 R SUM 3 kI For low-voltage DC-DC applications based on the MAX17596/MAX17597, a single resistor can be used in the place of RSUM, as the voltage across it is approximately 40V. 12 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Startup Operation The MAX17595 is optimized for implementing an offline single-switch flyback converter and has a 20V VIN UVLO wake-up level with hysteresis of 15V (min). In offline applications, a simple cost-effective RC startup circuit is used. When the input DC voltage is applied, the startup resistor (RSTART) charges the startup capacitor (CSTART), causing the voltage at the VIN pin to increase towards the wake-up VIN UVLO threshold (20V typ). During this time, the MAX17595 draws a low startup current of 20FA (typ) through RSTART. When the voltage at VIN reaches the wake-up VIN UVLO threshold, the MAX17595 commences switching and control operations. In this condition, the MAX17595 draws 2mA (typ) current from CSTART for its internal operation. In addition, the gate-drive current is also drawn from CSTART, which is a function of the gate charge of the external MOSFET used and switching frequency. Since this total current cannot be supported by the current through RSTART, the voltage on CSTART starts to drop. When suitably configured, as shown in Figure 3, the external MOSFET is switched by the NDRV pin and the flyback converter generates pulses on bias winding NB. The soft-start period of the converter should be programmed so the bias winding pulses sustain the voltage on CSTART before it falls below 7V, thus allowing continued operation. The large hysteresis of the MAX17595 allows for a small startup capacitor (CSTART). The low startup current (20FA typ) allows the use of a large startup resistor (RSTART), thus reducing power dissipation at higher DC bus voltages. RSTART might need to be implemented as equal, multiple resistors in series (RIN1, RIN2, and RIN3) to share the applied high DC voltage in offline applications so that the voltage across each resistor is limited to its maximum continuous operating voltage rating. RSTART and CSTART can be calculated as: C START C VDRV + IIN × t SS × 0.1 0.75 t SS × Q G × fSW µF + 0.04 × 10 6 where IIN is the supply current drawn at the VIN pin in mA, QG is the gate charge of the external MOSFET used in nC, fSW is the switching frequency of the converter in Hz, and tSS is the soft-start time programmed for the flyback converter in ms. CVDRV is a cummulative capacitor used in VDRV node in μF. See the Programming Soft-Start of Flyback/Boost Converter (SS) section. Maxim Integrated RDC1 RSUM RDC2 RDC3 EN/UVLO REN OVI MAX17595 MAX17596 MAX17597 ROVI Figure 2. Programming EN /UVLO and OVI R START = (VSTART − 10) × 50 1 + C START kI where CSTART is the startup capacitor in FF. For designs that cannot accept power dissipation in the startup resistors at high DC input voltages in offline appli cations, the startup circuit can be set up with a current source instead of a startup resistor as shown in Figure 4. The startup capacitor (CSTART) can be calculated using the above equation: Resistors RSUM and RISRC can be calculated as: = R SUM = RISRC VSTART 10 VBEQ1 70 MW MW The VIN UVLO wake-up threshold of the MAX17596/ MAX17597 is set to 4.1V (typ) with a 200mV hysteresis, optimized for low-voltage DC-DC applications down to 4.5V. For applications where the input DC voltage is low enough (e.g., 4.5V to 5.5V DC) that the power loss incurred to supply the operating current of the MAX17596/ MAX17597 can be tolerated, the VIN pin is directly connected to the DC input, as shown in Figure 5. In the case of higher DC input voltages (e.g., 16V to 32V DC), a startup circuit, such as that shown in Figure 6, can be used to minimize power dissipation. In this startup 13 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators scheme, the transistor (Q1) supplies the switching current until a bias winding NB comes up and turns off Q1. The resistor (RZ) can be calculated as: from the SS pin to SGND. Capacitor CSS can be calculated as: = C SS 8.2645 × t SS nF RZ = 2 × (VINMIN − 6.3) kW where tSS is expressed in ms. This equation is directly applicable to the boost converter application circuit of Figure 11. For optoisolated converters, the soft-start period is approximately equal to 30% of tSS when the Programming Soft-Start (SS) The soft-start period for the devices can be programmed by selecting the value of the capacitor CSS connected VDC VOUT VDC D2 D1 RIN1 RSTART RIN2 COUT NB MAX17595 RIN3 NDRV VIN CSTART LDO DRV NS NP CS VDRV CVDRV Figure 3. MAX17595 RC-Based Startup Circuit VDC RIN1 RSUM RIN2 VDC D2 VOUT D1 RIN3 NB MAX17595 NP RISRC NS NDRV VIN CSTART COUT LDO DRV CS VDRV CVDRV RS Figure 4. MAX17595 Current-Source-Based Startup Circuit Maxim Integrated 14 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators error amplifier is set up as a proportional gain amplifier as shown in Figure 9. selected in the 20kI to 50kI range, RU can be calculated as: Programming Output Voltage OUT R U =× RB − 1 kI, where R B is in kI. 1.21 The devices incorporate an error amplifier with a 1% precision voltage reference that enables negative feedback control of the output voltage. The output voltage of the switching converter can be programmed by selecting the values for the resistor-divider connected from VOUT, and the flyback/boost output to ground, with the midpoint of the divider connected to the FB pin (Figure 7). With RB Peak-Current-Limit Setting (CS) The devices include a robust overcurrent protection scheme that protects the device under overload and short-circuit conditions. A current-sense resistor, connected between the source of the MOSFET and PGND, sets the peak current limit. The current-limit comparator has a voltage VDC VOUT D1 VIN VIN VDRV LDO COUT CDRV Np Ns NDRV DRV CS MAX17596 MAX17597 RS Figure 5. MAX17596/MAX17597 Typical Startup Circuit with VIN Connected Directly to DC Input VDC D2 D1 RZ Q1 VIN LDO VDRV ZD1 6.3V NB COUT CDRV Np Ns VIN CIN DRV NDRV CS MAX17596 MAX17597 RS Figure 6. MAX17596/MAX17597 Typical Startup Circuit with Bias Winding to Turn Off Q1 and Reduce Power Dissipation Maxim Integrated 15 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators trip level (VCS-PEAK) of 300mV. Use the following equation to calculate the value of RCS: R CS = 300mV IMOSFET I where IMOSFET is the peak current flowing through the MOSFET. The devices implement 65ns of leading-edge blanking to ignore leading-edge current spikes. Use a small RC network for additional filtering of the leading edge spike on the sense waveform when needed. Set the corner frequency between 10MHz and 20MHz. After the leading-edge blanking time, the device monitors VCS. The switching cycle is terminated within 30ns from VCS exceeding 300mV. The devices offer a runaway current limit scheme that protects the devices under high-input-voltage shortcircuit conditions when there is insufficient output voltage available to restore inductor current built up during the on period of the flyback/boost converter. Either eight consecutive occurrences of the peak-current-limit event or one occurrence of the runaway current limit trigger a hiccup mode that protects the converter by immediately suspending switching for a period of time (tRSTART). This allows the overload current to decay due to power loss in the converter resistances, load, and the output diode of the flyback/boost converter before soft-start is attempted again. The runaway current limit is set at a VCS-PEAK of 360mV (typ). The peak-current-limittriggered hiccup operation is disabled until the end of the soft-start period, while the runaway current-limittriggered hiccup operation is always enabled. Programming Slope Compensation (SLOPE) The MAX17595/MAX17596 operate at a maximum duty cycle of 49%. In theory, they do not require slope compensation to prevent subharmonic instability that occurs naturally in continuous-conduction mode (CCM) peak-current-mode-controlled converters operating at duty cycles greater than 50%. In practice, the MAX17595/ MAX17596 require a minimum amount of slope compensation to provide stable operation. The devices allow the user to program this default value of slope compensation simply by leaving the SLOPE pin unconnected. It is recommended that discontinuous-mode designs also use this minimum amount of slope compensation to provide better noise immunity and jitter-free operation. Maxim Integrated VOUT RU FB MAX17595 MAX17596 MAX17597 RB Figure 7. Programming Output Voltage The MAX17597 flyback/boost converter can be designed to operate in either discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) or to enter into continuous-conduction mode at a specific load condition for a given DC input voltage. In continuous-conduction mode, the flyback/ boost converter needs slope compensation to avoid subharmonic instability that occurs naturally over all specified load and line conditions in peak-current-modecontrolled converters operating at duty cycles greater than 50%. A minimum amount of slope signal is added to the sensed current signal even for converters operating below 50% duty to provide stable, jitter-free operation. The SLOPE pin allows the user to program the necessary slope compensation by setting the value of the resistor (RSLOPE) connected from the SLOPE pin to ground. R SLOPE = SE − 8 1.55 kI where the slope (SE) is expressed in mV/Fs. Frequency Dithering for Spread-Spectrum Applications (Low EMI) The switching frequency of the converter can be dithered in a range of Q10% by connecting a capacitor from DITHER/SYNC to SGND, and a resistor from DITHER to RT as shown in the Typical Operating Circuits. This results in lower EMI. A current source at DITHER/SYNC charges capacitor CDITHER to 2V at 50FA. Upon reaching this trip point, it discharges CDITHER to 0.4V at 50FA. The charging and discharging of the capacitor generates a triangular waveform on DITHER/SYNC with peak levels at 0.4V and 2V and a frequency that is equal to: fTRI = 50 FA C DITHER × 3.2V 16 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators typically, fTRI should be set close to 1kHz. Resistor RDITHER connected from DITHER/SYNC to RT determines the amount of dither as follows: %DITHER = R RT R DITHER where %DITHER is the amount of dither expressed as a percentage of the switching frequency. Setting RDITHER to 10 x RRT generates Q10% dither. Synchronization (SYNC) The internal oscillator can be synchronized to an external clock by applying the clock to the DITHER/SYNC pin directly. The external clock frequency can be set anywhere between 1.1x and 1.8x times the programmable switching frequency for the MAX17595/MAX17596. The synchronization feature is not available in the MAX17597. An external clock increases the maximum duty cycle by a factor of (fSYNC / fSW). Error Amplifier and Loop Compensation The MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 include an internal transconductance error amplifier. The noninverting input of the error amplifier is internally connected to the internal reference and the inverting input is brought out at the FB pin to apply the feedback signal. The internal reference is linearly ramped up from 0V to 1.21V (typ) when the device is enabled at turn-on. After soft-start, the internal reference is connected to the bandgap. In isolated applications, where an optocoupler is used to transmit the control signal from the secondary side, the emitter current of the optocoupler flows through a resistor to ground to set up the feedback voltage. A shunt regulator is usually employed as a secondary-side error amplifier to drive the optocoupler photodiode to couple the control signal to the primary. The loop compensation is applied in the secondary side as an R-C network on the shunt regulator. The MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 error amp can be set up as a proportional gain amplifier, or used to implement additional poles or zeros. The Typical Application Circuits for the MAX17595/ MAX17596 use the internal error amplifier as a proportional gain amplifier. In nonisolated applications, the output voltage is divided down with a voltage-divider to ground and is applied to the FB pin. Loop compensation is applied at the COMP pin as an R-C network from COMP to GND that implements the required poles and zeros, as shown in Figure Maxim Integrated 8. The boost converter application circuit of Figure 11 for the MAX17597 uses this approach. Layout, Grounding and Bypassing All connections carrying pulsed currents must be very short and as wide as possible. The inductance of these connections must be kept to an absolute minimum due to the high di/dt of the currents in high-frequency-switching power converters. This implies that the loop areas for forward and return pulsed currents in various parts of the circuit should be minimized. Additionally, small current loop areas reduce radiated EMI. Similarly, the heatsink of the MOSFET presents a dV/dt source; therefore, the surface area of the MOSFET heatsink should be minimized as much as possible. Ground planes must be kept as intact as possible. The ground plane for the power section of the converter should be kept separate from the analog ground plane, except for a connection at the least noisy section of the power ground plane, typically the return of the input filter capacitor. The negative terminal of the filter capacitor, the ground return of the power switch and current-sensing resistor, must be close together. PCB layout also affects the thermal performance of the design. A number of thermal vias that connect to a large ground plane should be provided under the exposed pad of the part for efficient heat dissipation. For a sample layout that ensures first-pass success, refer to the MAX17595 evaluation kit layout available at www.maximintegrated.com. For universal AC input designs, follow all applicable safety regulations. Offline power supplies can require UL, VDE, and other similar agency approvals. COMP RZ CZ CP MAX17595 MAX17596 MAX17597 Figure 8. Error-Amplifier Compensation Network 17 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Typical Operating Circuits R15 402kI IN R16 402kI VIN C5 100µF 450V D1 L1 6.8mH C1 0.1µF/ 275V AC 15V, 1.5A PGND R1 10I VOUT D4 T1 C9 4.7µF 50V R14 402kI AC1 VOUT D2 R18 100kI C13 22µF C14 22µF C15 22µF C16 22µF C10 3300pF GND0 D3 IN PGND AC2 C6 0.47µF C7 100nF VIN PGND SS SLOPE VOUT NDRV R9 82.5kI DITHER / SYNC R12 49.9kI VFB SGND CS R28 2.49kI R20 100I C11 1000pF VDRV FB VDRV 2 VFB R21 R22 0.2I 470I C17 68nF SGND C8 1µF U3 R29 221I SGND EN /UVLO C21 470nF OVI R6 4.99kI PGND MAX17595 1 VDRV COMP C4 56pF R13 22kI PGND SGND SGND R4 549kI R5 19.8kI R26 4.99kI RT VIN R3 549kI N1 SGND SGND R2 549kI R19 10I EP SGND SGND PGND Figure 9. MAX17595 Typical Application Circuit (Universal Offline Isolated Power Supply) Maxim Integrated 18 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Typical Operating Circuits (continued) VOUT VIN VIN C1 18V TO 36V 47µF 63V PGND C2 4.7µF 50V R1 750I C9 10µF 50V C4 0.1µF, 50V D1 C3 0.22µF VOUT D2 T1 C10 10µF 50V C11 10µF 50V C12 10µF 50V C13 10µF 50V 24V, 1.5A OUTPUT GND0 VIN EP SS C5 100nF NDRV SLOPE N1 R8 100I CS R3 22kI FB VFB R4 49.9kI C6 300pF U1 MAX17596 COMP SGND R15 8.6kI GND0 VDRV VIN RT R16 16.5kI VFB C7 1µF R12 10kI C17 500nF C14 0.1µF VDRV R6 20kI R14 8.6kI VDRV PGND R5 348kI VOUT R9 50mI R13 470I C16 56pF U2 R10 28.5kI EN /UVLO C15 22nF U3 C8 100nF R17 470I OVI DITHER/ SYNC R7 10kI SGND SGND PGND Figure 10. MAX17596 Typical Application Circuit (Power Supply for DC-DC Applications) Maxim Integrated 19 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Typical Operating Circuits (continued) VIN VIN VIN C7 10µF C1 22µF 8V TO 14V DC C2 1µF PGND EP SS C3 47nF C4 1µF VDRV R1 32.4kI VIN SLOPE MAX17597 R2 9.92kI L1 6.8µH FB VOUT NDRV R4 1.96kI C5 33nF COMP CS C6 330pF VIN R5 187kI R6 18kI VOUT 24V, 1A D1 R3 187kI N1 C9 4.7µF/ 50V C10 4.7µF/ 50V C11 4.7µF/ 50V R8 100I C8 300pF R9 65mI PGND RT R10 21kI EN /UVLO C12 10nF DITHER OVI R7 18kI SGND SGND PGND Figure 11. MAX17597 Typical Application Circuit (Nonsynchronous Boost Converter) Maxim Integrated 20 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Ordering Information/Selector Guide PART TEMP RANGE PIN PACKAGE MAX17595ATE+ -40NC to +125NC 16 TQFN-EP* Offline Flyback Controller MAX17596ATE+ -40NC to +125NC 16 TQFN-EP* Low-Voltage DC-DC Flyback Controller MAX17597ATE+ -40NC to +125NC 16 TQFN-EP* Boost Controller FUNCTIONALITY UVLO, VIN CLAMP DMAX 20V, Yes 46% 4V, No 46% 4V, No 93% +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. *Exposed pad. Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 16 TQFN T1633+4 21-0136 90-0032 Maxim Integrated 21 MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 1/12 Initial release 1 2/13 Updated General Description, Electrical Characteristics tables, Typical Operating Characteristics; Detailed Description, Figures 1, 3–6; Typical Operating Circuits, deleted sections relating to soft-stop, flyback, and boost. 2 6/13 Updated Pin Description for EP and Figure 10 DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED — 1–22 10, 19 Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. Maxim Integrated 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-408-601-1000 © 2013 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. 22 Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MAX17595/MAX17596/MAX17597 Peak-Current-Mode Controllers for Flyback and Boost Regulators Maxim Integrated 23