R5524x Series USB HIGH-SIDE POWER SWITCH NO.EA-188-150402 OUTLINE The R5524x is a CMOS-based high-side MOSFET switch IC which conforms to the universal serial bus (USB) standard. The device is suitable for protecting a USB power source. By using an Nch MOSFET with low On-resistance (Typ. 100 mΩ) as a switching transistor, the device can provide low dropout voltage. Internally, the device consists of an overcurrent limiting circuit, a thermal shutdown circuit, an undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit and a reverse current protection circuit. The device also consists of an internal delay circuit to prevent the output of false flag signals caused by inrush current. To achieve simplification of layout design, the overcurrent detection accuracy has been improved. The R5524x is offered in a 5-pin SOT-23-5 package and a 6-pin DFN(PLP)1820-6 package which achieve the smallest possible footprint solution on boards where area is limited. FEATURES N-channel MOS High-Side Switch IC Switch ON Resistance ······································· Typ. 100 mΩ at 5 V Input Current Limit Threshold ····································· Min. 650 mA*1, Min. 1.25 A*2 Overcurrent Limit·············································· Min. 550 mA Flag Delay Time ··············································· Typ. 20 ms Under-voltage Lockout (UVLO) Circuit Thermal Shutdown Circuit Reverse Current Protection Circuit Package ························································· SOT-23-5, DFN(PLP)1820-6*3 APPLICATIONS PCs and PC Peripherals Digital Televisions (DTV) Set Top Boxes (STB) Printers PDA Game Consoles *1 only for R5524x001A/B, R5524x002A/B only for R5524N004A *3 only for R5524K001x, R5524K002x *2 1 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 BLOCK DIAGRAMS R5524xxxxA Block Diagram VI N V OUT GATE CONTROL EN UVLO CURRENT LIMIT FLG DELAY FLG THERMAL SHUTDOWN GND R5524xxxxB Block Diagram VI N V OU T GATE CONTROL EN UVLO CURRENT LIMIT FLG DELAY FLG THERMAL SHUTDOWN GND 2 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 SELECTION GUIDE The overcurrent limit protection type, the current limit threshold and the auto discharge options*1 for the ICs are user-selectable options. Selection Guide Product Name Package Quantity per Reel Pb Free Halogen Free R5524N00x-TR-FE SOT-23-5 3,000 pcs Yes Yes DFN(PLP)1820-6 5,000 pcs Yes Yes R5524K00x-TR x: Specify the combination of Overcurrent Limit Protection type and Current Limit Threshold. 1: Latch-off Type, Current Limit Threshold: Min. 650 mA 2: Constant Current Type, Current Limit Threshold: Min. 650 mA 4: Cosntant Current Type, Current Limit Threshold: Min. 1.25 A*2 : Specify auto-discharge options. A: Auto-discharge included B: Auto-discharge not included *1 Auto-discharge function quickly lowers the output voltage to 0 V, when the chip enable signal is switched from the active mode to the standby mode, by releasing the electrical charge accumulated in the external capacitor. *2 only for R5524N004A PIN DESCRIPTIONS 5 1 4 2 3 SOT-23-5 Pin Configuration SOT23-5 Pin Description Pin No. Symbol Description 1 VIN 2 GND 3 EN Chip Enable Pin, Active-high 4 FLG Flag Pin, Open Drain Output 5 VOUT Output Pin Input Pin Ground Pin 3 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 Top View 6 5 Bottom View 4 4 5 6 *1 1 2 3 3 2 DFN(PLP)1820-6 Pin Configuration DFN(PLP)1820-6 Pin Description *1 Pin No. Symbol Description 1 VOUT Output Pin 2 NC No Connection 3 FLG Flag Pin, Open Drain Output 4 EN Enable Pin, Active-high 5 GND 6 VIN Ground Pin Input Pin The tab on the bottom of the package enhances thermal performance and is electrically connected to GND (substrate level). It is recommended that the tab be connected to the ground plane on the board, or otherwise be left floating. 4 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Rating Unit 6.0 V VIN Input Voltage VEN Enable Pin Input Voltage −0.3 to 6.0 V VFLG Flag Pin Voltage −0.3 to 6.0 V IFLG Flag Pin Current 14 mA VOUT Output Pin Voltage −0.3 to 6.0 V IOUT Output Current PD Power Dissipation (Standard Land Pattern)*1 Ta Tstg *1 Item Internally Controlled SOT-23-5 420 mW DFN(PLP)1820-6 880 mW Operating Temperature Range −40 to 85 °C Storage Temperature Range −55 to 125 °C Refer to PACKAGE INFORMATION for detailed information. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Electronic and mechanical stress momentarily exceeded absolute maximum ratings may cause the permanent damages and may degrade the life time and safety for both device and system using the device in the field. The functional operation at or over these absolute maximum ratings is not assured. 5 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The specifications surrounded by are guaranteed by design engineering at −40°C ≤ Ta ≤ 85°C. Electrical Characteristics Symbol Item VIN IDD1 IDD2 RON ton toff VUVLO VHYS ITH Input Voltage Supply Current (Active Mode) Supply Current (Standby Mode) Switch On Resistance Output Turn-on Delay Output Turn-off Delay UVLO Release Voltage UVLO Hysteresis Range Current Limit Threshold ILIM Overcurrent Limit tFD Flag Delay Time*1 TTSD TTSR IEN VEN1 VEN2 ILO VLF IFOF IREV RLOW (Ta = 25°C) Conditions Thermal Shutdown Temperature Thermal Shutdown Released Temperature Enable Pin Input Current Enable Pin Input Voltage 1 Enable Pin Input Voltage 2 Output Leakage Current Flag "L" Output Voltage Flag Off Current Reverse Leakage Current Nch. On-resistance for Auto Discharge (R5524x00xA) Min. Typ. Max. Unit 5.5 V 110 0.1 100 400 50 2.5 0.1 180 1.0 150 µA µA mΩ µs µs V V 650 800 980 1.25 1.55 1.85 1.2 1.55 1.9 550 650 800 mA 7 20 30 ms 2.7 VOUT = OPEN, EN = ”H”, VIN = 5 V VOUT = OPEN, EN = ”L”, VIN = 5 V VIN = 5 V, IOUT = 500 mA VIN = 5 V, RL = 60 Ω VIN = 5V, RL = 60 Ω VIN Rising VIN Falling R5524x001A/ 001B VIN = 5 V R5524x002A/ 002B VIN = 5 V R5524N004A VIN = 5 V, Ta = 0 to 70C VIN = 5 V, VOUT = 0 V, after 5 ms VIN = 5 V, starts when overcurrent is detected and ends when FLG = “L” 2.3 2.7 mA A Junction Temperature 135 C Junction Temperature 120 C 0.01 VEN Rising VEN Falling 2.0 −0.3 0.1 ISINK = 1 mA VFLG = 5.5 V VIN = 0 V, VOUT = 5.5 V 0.01 450 1.0 6.0 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.0 50 µA V V µA V µA µA Ω All test items listed under Electrical Characteristics are done under the pulse load condition (Tj ≈ Ta = 25°C) except Thermal Shutdown Temperature and Thermal Shutdown Released Temperature. *1 Flag Delay Time is dependent on Input Voltage. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS) All of electronic equipment should be designed that the mounted semiconductor devices operate within the recommended operating conditions. The semiconductor devices cannot operate normally over the recommended operating conditions, even if when they are used over such conditions by momentary electronic noise or surge. And the semiconductor devices may receive serious damage when they continue to operate over the recommended operating conditions. 6 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 TYPICAL APPLICATION VIN 10 k~ 100 k VIN Over Current 4 FLG VIN *1 1 R5524x USB Host Controller 3 ON/OFF EN GND 2 VOUT VOUT 5 USB Client VBUS Device 1 F 47 F *2 R5524x Typical Application *1 FLG pin is Nch. Open Drain Output. *2 A 47 µF or more output capacitor is recommended. According to a USB standard, a 120 µF or more output capacitor is required. TECHNICAL NOTES Bypass Capacitor A 0.1µF to 1 µF bypass capacitor between the VIN pin and the GND pin, close to the device, is recommended. This precaution reduces power supply transients that may cause ringing on the input. Pull-up Resistor of FLG Pin A 10 kΩ to 100 kΩ pull-up resistor is recommended for the FLG pin. R5524x001A/001B The R5524x001A/001B is equipped with a latch-off function which requires initialization before start-up. Case 1: Start-up by EN Pin Control EN pin must be enabled with the delay of 10 µs or more against 90% of VIN voltage rising edge. Case 2: Start-up by EN Pin Tied to VIN Pin Slew rate of VIN must be 40 µs/V or slower. 7 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 TIMING CHART Output On-time and Output Off-time tON tOFF 50% VEN 50% 10% 90% VOUT R5524x Timing Chart Flag Delay Time tFD ITH IOUT VFLG 10% R5524x001A/001B Timing Chart (Latch-off Type) ITH tFD ILIM IOUT VFLG 10% R5524x002A/002B and R5524N004A Timing Chart (Constant Current Type) 8 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 Overcurrent Limiting Function The R5524x001A/001B has the built-in latch-off type over-current limit circuit. When the over-current is detected, the protection circuit becomes active and the switch-transistor is turned OFF. The latch function is released if the input voltage value is exceeded in the release threshold of the UVLO circuit value after when it became lower than the detection threshold of the UVLO circuit value; or the EN pin set to the enabling condition again after set to the disabling condition. If the over current condition occurred when the input voltage value was close to the minimum operating input voltage value. Under this condition, the voltage descends by the parasitic impedance on the power supply side, and it might fall below the detection threshold of the UVLO circuit. In this case, the switch-transistor is turned OFF and because of that the voltage drop of power line’s parasitic impedance stops; the latch function is released with the UVLO and it becomes the over current condition again. The switch transistor keeps continual ON and OFF until one of the following is done; increasing the input voltage value; the setting of EN pin is disabling; or reducing the value of load current. Moreover, the supply-voltage changed by the load-current dramatically changed depends upon the parasitic impedance of the wiring on the load side or the power supply side. Due to this, decreasing the parasitic impedance by the wiring on board is recommended. The switch transistor of the R5524x001A/001B is turned OFF when the latch-off-function operates under the condition of the load of the constant current as the load device, such as the electronic load and so on, connecting with the VOUT pin of the R5524x001A/001B. Because the load device keeps the constant current, the VOUT pin voltage may become negative potential. If the VOUT pin is exceed the absolute maximum rating may cause the permanent damages to the device, please avoid using in this situation. The R5524x002A/002B and R5524N004A have the built-in over current protection circuit as the constant current type. It detects as the over-current condition, if the current flows as the ITH defined. Then operating the switch transistor to limit the output current to be the constant current defined by the ILIM. If the condition of the over-current limit caused by the VOUT pin clamped to the GND were continued the temperature of the ICs would increase drastically. The switch-transistor is turned OFF if the temperature of the ICs becomes over 135°C (Typ.). And after this, the switch-transistor is turned ON again when the temperature of ICs decreased approximately 15°C. The switch-transistor keeps continual ON and OFF until either the switch is turned OFF or the VOUT pin is removed from GND. 9 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 PACKAGE INFORMATION Power Dissipation (SOT-23-5) Power Dissipation (PD) of the package is dependent on PCB material, layout, and environmental conditions. The following conditions are used in this measurement. This data is taken from a SOT-23-6 package data. Measurement Conditions Standard Land Pattern Environment Mounting on Board (Wind Velocity = m/s) Board Material Glass Cloth Epoxy Plastic (Double-sided) 40 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm Board Dimensions Copper Ratio Top-side: Approx. 50%, Back-side: Approx. 50% Through-holes 0.5 mm × 44 pcs Measurement Result (Ta = 25°C, Tjmax = 125°C) Standard Land Pattern Free Air Power Dissipation 420 mW 250 mW Thermal Resistance Θja = (125 − 25°C) / 0.42 W = 238°C/W 400°C/W 600 500 Standard Land Pattern 420 400 300 Free Air 250 40 Power Dissipation P D (mW) 40 200 100 0 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 150 Ambient Temperature (°C) Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature 10 IC Mount Area (Unit: mm) Measurement Board Pattern R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (SOT-23-5) 2.9±0.2 1.1±0.1 1.9±0.2 0.8±0.1 (0.95) 4 1 2 0~0.1 0.2mi n. +0.2 1.6-0.1 5 2.8±0.3 (0.95) 3 +0.1 0.15-0.05 0.4±0.1 (Unit: mm) SOT-23-5 Package Dimensions MARK SPECIFICATION (SOT-23-5) : Product Code … Refer to MARK SPECIFICATION TABLE (SOT-23-5) : Lot Number … Alphanumeric Serial Number 5 4 1 2 3 SOT-23-5 Mark Specification 11 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 MARK SPECIFICATION TABLE (SOT-23-5) Mark Specification Table Product Name 12 R5524N001A M AA R5524N001B MAB R5524N002A MAC R5524N002B MAD R5524N004A MAF R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 POWER DISSIPATION (DFN(PLP)1820-6) Power Dissipation (PD) of the package is dependent on PCB material, layout, and environmental conditions. The following conditions are used in this measurement. Measurement Conditions Standard Land Pattern Environment Mounting on Board (Wind Velocity = 0 m/s) Board Material Glass Cloth Epoxy Plastic (Double-sided) Board Dimensions 40 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm Copper Ratio Top-side: Approx. 50%, Back-side: Approx. 50% Through-hole 0.54 mm × 30 pcs Measurement Result (Ta = 25°C, Tjmax = 125°C) Standard Land Pattern Power Dissipation 880 mW Thermal Resistance Θja = (125 − 25°C) / 0.88 W = 114°C/W 40 1000 880 800 Standard Land Pattern 600 40 Power Dissipation P D (mW) 1200 400 200 0 0 25 50 75 85 100 125 150 Ambient Temperature (°C) Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature IC Mount Area (Unit: mm) Measurement Board Pattern 13 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (DFN(PLP)1820-6) 1.60.1 A 1.80 0.200.1 B 5 4 0.250.1 0.250.1 X4 0.05 2.00 1.00.1 *1 INDEX 3 0.6MAX. 0.5 0.05 S 2 1 0.1NOM. 0.30.1 0.05min S 0.05 M AB 6 Bottom View *1 (Unit: mm) The tab on the bottom of the package enhances thermal performance and is electrically connected to GND (substrate level). It is recommended that the tab be connected to the ground plane on the board, or otherwise be left floating. DFN(PLP)1820-6 Package Dimensions MARK SPECIFICATION (DFN(PLP)1820-6) : Product Code …Refer to MARK SPECIFICATION TABLE (DFN(PLP)1820-6 : Lot Number …Alphanumeric Serial Number 6 5 4 1 2 3 DFN(PLP)1820-6 Mark Specification 14 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 MARK SPECIFICATION TABLE (DFN(PLP)1820-6) Mark Specification Table Product Name R5524K001A EJ00 R5524K001B EJ01 R5524K002A EJ02 R5524K002B EJ03 15 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 TEST CIRCUITS V IOUT 1 VIN VOUT 5 R5524x 0.1F 2 GND A VIN VEN 3 EN 1 VIN VOUT 5 R5524x 0.1F 2 GND VIN FLG 4 VEN Supply Current Test Circuit 0.1F VIN VEN 1 VIN VOUT 5 R5524x 56 2 GND 3 EN V 3 EN 3 EN 1 VIN VOUT 5 R5524x 0.1F 2 GND VIN FLG 4 3 EN FLG 4 Enable Input Voltage Test Circuit 16 FLG 4 UVLO Released Voltage Test Circuit A 1 VIN VOUT 5 R5524x 0.1F 2 100k GND VEN V VIN VEN Over current Limit Test Circuit VIN 1 VIN VOUT 5 R5524x 0.1F 2 100k GND FLG 4 1 VIN VOUT 5 R5524x 0.1F 2 GND VEN FLG 4 Switch ON Resistance Test Circuit Output ON Time/Output OFF Time Test Circuit VIN 3 EN 3 EN A FLG 4 Current Limit Threshold Test Circuit 0.1F V VIN VEN 1 VIN VOUT 5 R5524x 2 GND 3 EN FLG 4 10k Flag Output Delay Time Test Circuit V R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Note: Typical Characteristics are intended to be used as reference data; they are not guaranteed. 2) Supply Current vs. Input Voltage 120 120 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 110 100 Supply Current IDD1 (μA) Supply Current IDD1 (μA) 1) Supply Current vs. Temperature 90 80 70 60 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 -40°C 25°C 85°C 110 100 90 80 70 60 100 2.5 3.0 3.5 Temperature Topt (°C) 3) Switch ON Resistance vs. Temperature 140 120 Switch ON Resistance RON (mΩ) Switch ON Resistance RON (mΩ) IOUT=300mA 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 100 80 60 40 -50 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 4) Switch ON Resistance vs. Input Voltage 160 160 4.0 Input Voltage VIN (V) -40°C 25°C 85°C 140 IOUT=300mA 120 100 80 60 40 -25 0 25 50 75 2.5 100 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Input Voltage VIN (V) Temperature Topt (°C) 5) Output ON Time vs. Temperature (RL = 56 Ω) 6) Output ON Time vs. Input Voltage (RL = 56 Ω) 900 Output ON Time t ON (μs) Output ON Time t ON (μs) 900 800 700 600 500 400 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 300 200 100 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Temperature Topt (°C) 100 800 -40°C 25°C 85°C 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Input Voltage VIN (V) 17 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 7) UVLO Voltage vs. Temperature 8) Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2.55 Output Voltage VOUT (V) UVLO Voltage V UVLO (V) 2.60 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.30 UVLO Threshold Voltage UVLO Released Voltage 2.25 2.20 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 0 Temperature Topt (°C) 4 1.52 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 860 850 Current Limit Treshold Ith (A) Current Limit Threshold ITH (mA) 3 840 830 820 810 800 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 5 10) Current Limit Threshold vs. Temperature (004A) 870 100 Temperature Topt (°C) 11) Current Limit Threshold vs. Input Voltage (001x/ 002x) 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 1.5 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.4 1.38 1.36 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature Topt (℃) 12) Current Limit Threshold vs. Input Voltage (004A) 870 1.52 -40°C 25°C 85°C 860 850 Current Limit Threshold Ith (A) Current Limit Threshold ITH (mA) 2 Input Voltage VIN (V) 9) Current Limit Threshold vs. Temperature (001x/ 002x) 840 830 820 810 800 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Input Voltage VIN (V) 18 1 5.5 6.0 -40℃ 25℃ 85℃ 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.36 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Input Voltage Vin (V) 5.5 6 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 14) Overcurrent Limit vs. Input Voltage 800 800 750 750 Over Current Limit ILIM (mA) Over Current Limit ILIM (mA) 13) Overcurrent Limit vs. Temperature 700 650 600 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 550 500 -50 0 25 50 75 650 600 550 2.5 100 Temperature Topt (°C) 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 16) Flag Delay Time vs. Input Voltage Flag Delay Time tFD (ms) 35 25 20 15 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 10 5 -25 0 25 50 75 30 25 20 15 10 -40°C 25°C 85°C 5 0 2.5 100 3.0 Temperature Topt (°C) V IN=5V 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.10 VEN1 VEN2 1.05 1.00 -50 -25 0 25 50 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 75 Temperature Topt (°C) 100 18) Enable Input Voltage vs. Input Voltage 1.40 Enable Pin Input Voltage VEN1 / VEN2 (V) 1.40 3.5 Input Voltage VIN (V) 17) Enable Input Voltage vs. Temperature Enable Pin Input Voltage VEN1 / VEN2 (V) 3.5 Input Voltage VIN (V) 30 Flag Delay Time tFD (ms) 700 500 -25 15) Flag Delay Time vs. Temperature 0 -50 -40°C 25°C 85°C V opt=25°C 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.10 VEN1 1.05 VEN2 1.00 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Input Voltage VIN (V) 5.5 6.0 19 R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 19) Overcurrent Response with Ramped Load (R5524x001x) 20) Overcurrent Response with Ramped Load (R5524x002x) V IN=5V V IN=5V EN=”L” V FLG (5V/div) V FLG (5V/div) IOUT (200mA/div) IOUT (200mA/div) Time (5ms/div) Time (5ms/div) 21) Overcurrent Response with Ramped Load (R5524x004A) V IN=5.0V V FLG (5V/div) EN="L" IOUT (200mA/div) Time (5md/div) 22) Overcurrent Limit Transient Response (Output short during enable "H") (Enable "H" during Output Short) V OUT V EN (5V/div) (5V/div) V IN=5V V EN=H IOUT (200mA/div) V IN=5V V OUT=GND short Time (10μs/div) 20 IOUT (2A/div) Time (10μs/div) R5524x NO.EA-188-150402 23) Thermal Shutdown Operation 24) Output Voltage vs. Output Current 5 V IN=5V Output Voltage VOUT (V) 4.5 V EN (5V/div) V FLG (5V/div) IOUT (500mA/div) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Time (50ms/div) 0 25) Output ON Time Response 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Output Current IOUT (A) 1 26) Output OFF Time Response V IN=5V RL=56Ω V EN (5V/div) V EN (5V/div) V OUT V OUT (2V/div) (2V/div) V IN=5V RL=56Ω IOUT (50mA/div) Time (100μs/div) IOUT (50mA/div) Time (10μs/div) 27) Inrush current Characteristic V EN (5V/div) IOUT (200mA/div) V IN=5V RL=10Ω EN 100μF 300μF 10μF 300μF Time (1ms/div) 21 1. The products and the product specifications described in this document are subject to change or discontinuation of production without notice for reasons such as improvement. Therefore, before deciding to use the products, please refer to Ricoh sales representatives for the latest information thereon. 2. The materials in this document may not be copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part without prior written consent of Ricoh. 3. Please be sure to take any necessary formalities under relevant laws or regulations before exporting or otherwise taking out of your country the products or the technical information described herein. 4. The technical information described in this document shows typical characteristics of and example application circuits for the products. The release of such information is not to be construed as a warranty of or a grant of license under Ricoh's or any third party's intellectual property rights or any other rights. 5. The products listed in this document are intended and designed for use as general electronic components in standard applications (office equipment, telecommunication equipment, measuring instruments, consumer electronic products, amusement equipment etc.). Those customers intending to use a product in an application requiring extreme quality and reliability, for example, in a highly specific application where the failure or misoperation of the product could result in human injury or death (aircraft, spacevehicle, nuclear reactor control system, traffic control system, automotive and transportation equipment, combustion equipment, safety devices, life support system etc.) should first contact us. 6. We are making our continuous effort to improve the quality and reliability of our products, but semiconductor products are likely to fail with certain probability. In order to prevent any injury to persons or damages to property resulting from such failure, customers should be careful enough to incorporate safety measures in their design, such as redundancy feature, fire containment feature and fail-safe feature. We do not assume any liability or responsibility for any loss or damage arising from misuse or inappropriate use of the products. 7. Anti-radiation design is not implemented in the products described in this document. 8. Please contact Ricoh sales representatives should you have any questions or comments concerning the products or the technical information. Halogen Free Ricoh is committed to reducing the environmental loading materials in electrical devices with a view to contributing to the protection of human health and the environment. 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