AN7600 - Synergy Microwave Corporation

201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504
AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13
Intelligent Interactive Synthesizer
Pin-out and Functions (FSWX200800-100)
This document describes the operating features and pin-out of the new generation of Synergy
Microwave’s “Intelligent Interactive Synthesizers” (I2S®). It is a specific document for the
FSWX200800-100 synthesizer. This synthesizer is truly intelligent incorporating an internal
controller that allows for optimal factory set performance and minimal software development
by the user. Programming is easily done through four simple options that the user can adopt
for fast in-circuit implementation.
What is the need for synthesizers having an integrated controller?
There are several good reasons to do so!
• The operational settings of the PLL chip have to be calculated for each frequency
setting to be within the operational specifications. For example in wideband VCO’s, the
computation of the divider values has to guarantee that no chip internal frequency limits
are exceeded.
• The settings of the charge pump current and other parameters, which finally define the
phase noise and switching speed can be optimized easily with these intelligent
features.
• Improves the speed of the system processor and makes the software easier to re-use.
• Operation can be made independent of the PLL IC used. The use of a controller allows
change of the I2S® IC without any impact on the system software.
• Integrated error detection and signaling is possible without customer programming.
• Reduces design time for the user. A real plug and play solution!
Other benefits of the I2S® are:
• Intensive internal filtering of the supply voltages.
• Monitoring of internal voltages.
• Optimized layout to reduce impact of external ground loops.
• Standard programming interface for ALL models.
• No hardware programming for a specific PLL IC required.
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201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504
AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13
Software Interface Pins
This section describes the software interface pins that are used to address the synthesizers.
Some of the pins are not connected and can be used at a later time for software
implementation of additional features. All I/O’s are 3.3V CMOS, inputs with pull-up resistors.
•
•
•
Latch Enable
LE for SPI port. (SS)
Data In
Data for SPI port. (MOSI)
Clock In
Clock for SPI port. (SCK)
Hardware Interface Pins
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fref
Reference frequency input.
Vcc(Digital)
+3.3V DC supply for the digital section of the Synthesizer. A 47uF tantalum bypass
capacitor is highly recommended if the supply isn’t clean to achieve the specified phase
noise performance!
Vcc(VCO)
Supply voltage for the VCO according to the datasheet. This has to be a clean, low
noise supply. Decoupling close to the Synthesizer package is recommended.
Vcc(Tune)
Supply voltage for the VCO tuning according to the datasheet or from the internal
voltage converter. This has to be a clean, low noise supply. Decoupling close to the
Synthesizer package is recommended.
LD
Lock Detect, a 3.3V CMOS output, which turns high after the Synthesizer locks.
RFout
50Ω output of the Synthesizer.
No Connection – leave these pins open (DO NOT CONNECT TO GROUND)
Note: External noise from the power supplies must be limited to no more than
30uV/Sqrt_Hz to achieve the specified phase noise performance.
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AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13
Programming
The user can address the I2S® synthesizers in one of four different options to program the
output frequency:
1.
Setting the frequency in MHz by a 16bits Hexadecimal number. In this
mode, the output frequency is represented in MHz as a 16 bits Hexadecimal
number. The programming format for this option is coded as “Little Endian”
(MSB of the LSByte is sent first). This allows representing a frequency between
1 to 65535MHz.
For example, FSWX200800-100 would be sent as follows:
Frequency [MHz]
Programming (code sent to
device’s SPI)
2000
0xD007
2001
0xD107
4000
0xA00F
8000
0x401F
Note: Most microcontrollers use this format in representing integer numbers in
internal registers. If that kind of microcontroller is used, the device can be
programmed by simply sending the frequency register data to the SPI interface
controlling the device.
2.
Setting the frequency in MHz by a 24bits BCD number In this mode, the
output frequency is represented in MHz as a 24 bits BCD number. This allows
representing a frequency between 1 to 65535MHz
For example, FSWX200800-100 would be sent as follows:
Frequency [MHz]
Programming (code sent to
device’s SPI)
2000
0x002000
2001
0x002001
4000
0x004000
8000
0x008000
3.
3
Setting frequency directly (kHz). In this mode, an ASCII character code for
the letter “K” in hexadecimal (4B) indicates to the controller that mode frequency
directly (kHz) is selected. The information is loaded in hexadecimal format (1
byte for the “K” command and 8 bytes for the frequency command (72 bits total).
No real values allowed, the instruction must be in integer format (KHz).
201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504
AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13
For example, the frequency of 4,000,000 KHz (4 GHz) would be sent as:
Data ASCII(Hex)
Hex
4B 30 30 33 44 30 39 30 30 or K003D0900
4.
Setting frequency directly (MHz). In this mode, an ASCII character code for
the letter “M” in hexadecimal (4D) indicates to the controller that mode frequency
directly (MHz) is selected. The information is loaded in hexadecimal format (1
byte for the “M” command and 8 bytes for the frequency command (72 bits total).
No real values allowed, the instruction must be in integer format (MHz).
For example, the frequency of 4,000 MHz (4 GHz) would be sent as:
Data ASCII(Hex)
4D 30 30 30 30 30 46 41 30
or
Hex
M00000FA0
Reference Frequency – The factory set reference frequency is 100 MHz, which gives
the maximum phase noise and spurious performance. Contact factory if other reference
frequency is desired
Maximum SPI programming speed is recommended not to exceed 200kb/sec in present
designs.
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Suggested Connection Diagrams:
FSW Series
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AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13
Table I
Interface Commands
Command
Character
K
M
Command Description
Parameter
1
2
LSB
MSB
BCD
BCD
3
8
9
Unsigned 16bit Integer, LSByte first
Hexadecimal characters
0x4B
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Set Active Frequency in MHz
Hexadecimal characters
0x4D
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Unsigned 24bit Integer, LSByte first
BCD
Examples:
6
7
Setting the frequency in MHz by a 16bits
Hexadecimal number
Setting the frequency in MHz by a 24bits
BCD number
Set Active Frequency in kHz
All SPI communication uses most significant bit first
“B” – Binary value with least significant byte first.
“H” – ASCII value of a hexadecimal character (uppercase) most significant character first.
“16bit” Command:
“24bit” Command:
“K” Command:
“M” Command:
Byte Position
4
5
6
Set Active N using Frequency of 4000MHz 
Set Active N using Frequency of 4000MHz 
Set Active N using Frequency of 4000000kHz 
Set Active N using Frequency of 4000MHz 
0xA00F
0x004000
4B 30 30 33 44 30 39 30 30 or “K003D0900”
4D 30 30 30 30 30 46 41 30 or “M00000FA0”
201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504
TIMING DIAGRAM
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