201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504 AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13 Intelligent Interactive Synthesizer Pin-out and Functions (FSWX200800-100) This document describes the operating features and pin-out of the new generation of Synergy Microwave’s “Intelligent Interactive Synthesizers” (I2S®). It is a specific document for the FSWX200800-100 synthesizer. This synthesizer is truly intelligent incorporating an internal controller that allows for optimal factory set performance and minimal software development by the user. Programming is easily done through four simple options that the user can adopt for fast in-circuit implementation. What is the need for synthesizers having an integrated controller? There are several good reasons to do so! • The operational settings of the PLL chip have to be calculated for each frequency setting to be within the operational specifications. For example in wideband VCO’s, the computation of the divider values has to guarantee that no chip internal frequency limits are exceeded. • The settings of the charge pump current and other parameters, which finally define the phase noise and switching speed can be optimized easily with these intelligent features. • Improves the speed of the system processor and makes the software easier to re-use. • Operation can be made independent of the PLL IC used. The use of a controller allows change of the I2S® IC without any impact on the system software. • Integrated error detection and signaling is possible without customer programming. • Reduces design time for the user. A real plug and play solution! Other benefits of the I2S® are: • Intensive internal filtering of the supply voltages. • Monitoring of internal voltages. • Optimized layout to reduce impact of external ground loops. • Standard programming interface for ALL models. • No hardware programming for a specific PLL IC required. 1 201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504 AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13 Software Interface Pins This section describes the software interface pins that are used to address the synthesizers. Some of the pins are not connected and can be used at a later time for software implementation of additional features. All I/O’s are 3.3V CMOS, inputs with pull-up resistors. • • • Latch Enable LE for SPI port. (SS) Data In Data for SPI port. (MOSI) Clock In Clock for SPI port. (SCK) Hardware Interface Pins • • • • • • • Fref Reference frequency input. Vcc(Digital) +3.3V DC supply for the digital section of the Synthesizer. A 47uF tantalum bypass capacitor is highly recommended if the supply isn’t clean to achieve the specified phase noise performance! Vcc(VCO) Supply voltage for the VCO according to the datasheet. This has to be a clean, low noise supply. Decoupling close to the Synthesizer package is recommended. Vcc(Tune) Supply voltage for the VCO tuning according to the datasheet or from the internal voltage converter. This has to be a clean, low noise supply. Decoupling close to the Synthesizer package is recommended. LD Lock Detect, a 3.3V CMOS output, which turns high after the Synthesizer locks. RFout 50Ω output of the Synthesizer. No Connection – leave these pins open (DO NOT CONNECT TO GROUND) Note: External noise from the power supplies must be limited to no more than 30uV/Sqrt_Hz to achieve the specified phase noise performance. 2 201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504 AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13 Programming The user can address the I2S® synthesizers in one of four different options to program the output frequency: 1. Setting the frequency in MHz by a 16bits Hexadecimal number. In this mode, the output frequency is represented in MHz as a 16 bits Hexadecimal number. The programming format for this option is coded as “Little Endian” (MSB of the LSByte is sent first). This allows representing a frequency between 1 to 65535MHz. For example, FSWX200800-100 would be sent as follows: Frequency [MHz] Programming (code sent to device’s SPI) 2000 0xD007 2001 0xD107 4000 0xA00F 8000 0x401F Note: Most microcontrollers use this format in representing integer numbers in internal registers. If that kind of microcontroller is used, the device can be programmed by simply sending the frequency register data to the SPI interface controlling the device. 2. Setting the frequency in MHz by a 24bits BCD number In this mode, the output frequency is represented in MHz as a 24 bits BCD number. This allows representing a frequency between 1 to 65535MHz For example, FSWX200800-100 would be sent as follows: Frequency [MHz] Programming (code sent to device’s SPI) 2000 0x002000 2001 0x002001 4000 0x004000 8000 0x008000 3. 3 Setting frequency directly (kHz). In this mode, an ASCII character code for the letter “K” in hexadecimal (4B) indicates to the controller that mode frequency directly (kHz) is selected. The information is loaded in hexadecimal format (1 byte for the “K” command and 8 bytes for the frequency command (72 bits total). No real values allowed, the instruction must be in integer format (KHz). 201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504 AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13 For example, the frequency of 4,000,000 KHz (4 GHz) would be sent as: Data ASCII(Hex) Hex 4B 30 30 33 44 30 39 30 30 or K003D0900 4. Setting frequency directly (MHz). In this mode, an ASCII character code for the letter “M” in hexadecimal (4D) indicates to the controller that mode frequency directly (MHz) is selected. The information is loaded in hexadecimal format (1 byte for the “M” command and 8 bytes for the frequency command (72 bits total). No real values allowed, the instruction must be in integer format (MHz). For example, the frequency of 4,000 MHz (4 GHz) would be sent as: Data ASCII(Hex) 4D 30 30 30 30 30 46 41 30 or Hex M00000FA0 Reference Frequency – The factory set reference frequency is 100 MHz, which gives the maximum phase noise and spurious performance. Contact factory if other reference frequency is desired Maximum SPI programming speed is recommended not to exceed 200kb/sec in present designs. 4 201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504 Suggested Connection Diagrams: FSW Series 5 AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13 201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504 AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13 Table I Interface Commands Command Character K M Command Description Parameter 1 2 LSB MSB BCD BCD 3 8 9 Unsigned 16bit Integer, LSByte first Hexadecimal characters 0x4B H H H H H H H H Set Active Frequency in MHz Hexadecimal characters 0x4D H H H H H H H H Unsigned 24bit Integer, LSByte first BCD Examples: 6 7 Setting the frequency in MHz by a 16bits Hexadecimal number Setting the frequency in MHz by a 24bits BCD number Set Active Frequency in kHz All SPI communication uses most significant bit first “B” – Binary value with least significant byte first. “H” – ASCII value of a hexadecimal character (uppercase) most significant character first. “16bit” Command: “24bit” Command: “K” Command: “M” Command: Byte Position 4 5 6 Set Active N using Frequency of 4000MHz Set Active N using Frequency of 4000MHz Set Active N using Frequency of 4000000kHz Set Active N using Frequency of 4000MHz 0xA00F 0x004000 4B 30 30 33 44 30 39 30 30 or “K003D0900” 4D 30 30 30 30 30 46 41 30 or “M00000FA0” 201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504 TIMING DIAGRAM 7 AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13 201 Mclean Blvd, Paterson, NJ 07504 9 AN7600 Rev.:-- 01/28/13