DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators General Description Features The AAT2868 is a low-noise, constant-frequency charge pump DC/DC converter that uses a dual-mode load switch (1x) and fractional (1.5x) conversion to maximize efficiency for white LED Content Adaptive Brightness Control (CABC) applications. The AAT2868 is capable of driving 4 white LEDs at a total 124mA from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. The current sinks may be operated individually or in parallel for driving higher-current LEDs. A low external parts count (two 1µF flying capacitors and two small 1µF capacitors at IN and OUTCP) makes the AAT2868 ideally suited for small battery-powered applications. The AAT2868 also includes two 150mA low dropout (LDO) linear regulators as additional power supplies for display and related camera power. The LDO voltage is also programmable. • 2.7V to 5.5V Supply Voltage Range • Charge Pump for LED Driver ▪ Dual Mode 1x/1.5x ▪ Drives Up to 4 LEDs with up to 31mA each ▪ Linear LED Output Control Options •Maximum LED Current Set by AS2Cwire Interface, 32 Steps •PWM Interface Dimming from 100% to 1% Duty Cycle with Frequency up to 100kHz •0.9MHz Constant Frequency •Automatic Soft-Start Limits Inrush Current • Dual 150mA LDOs ▪ Enable and Output Voltage Set by AS2Cwire Sixteen Combinations of 5 Output Voltages: 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.8V, and 3.0V Integrated Discharge Resistor when Disabled ▪ • < 1.0µA in Shutdown • Short-Circuit Protection • Small Application Circuit • -40°C to 85°C Temperature Range • RoHS Compliant, Halogen-Free TQFN3.0x2.2-18 Package Skyworks’ Advanced Simple Serial Control™ (AS2Cwire™) serial digital input is used to enable, disable and set the maximum LED current to one of 32 levels for the LEDs. The current ranges from 31mA to 0.4mA. An external PWM input is adopted to dim the LED current from 100% to 1% of the maximum LED current by varying the PWM duty cycle with frequencies up to 100kHz. To eliminate flicker or noise associated with PWM control, the input PWM signal is filtered to provide a steady state output current. Applications • Camera Phones • Digital Still Cameras (DSC) • LED Photo Flash/Torch • MP3 Players • PDAs and Notebook PCs •Smartphones Each output of the AAT2868 is equipped with built-in protection for short-circuit and auto-disable for load short-circuit conditions. The soft-start circuitry prevents excessive inrush current at charge pump start-up and mode transitions. The AAT2868 is available in the Pb-free, space-saving TQFN3.0x2.2-18L package, and operates over the -40°C to 85°C ambient temperature range. Typical Application VIN 2.7~5.5V C1 1µF CIN 2.2µF AS2Cwire PWM CF 56nF C1+ C2+ C1C2IN OUTCP INLDO AAT2868 EN/SET PWM FCAP GND D1 D2 D3 D4 LDOA LDOB AGND C2 1µF WLEDs COUT 1µF D1 D2 D3 D4 LDOA LDOB CLDOB 2.2µF CLDOA 2.2µF Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 1 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Pin Descriptions Pin # Symbol Function 1 C1+ I 2 LDOB O 3 LDOA O 4 5 PWM AGND I AG 6 INLDO P 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 IN GND FCAP D1 D2 D3 D4 P PG I I I I I 14 EN/SET I 15 16 17 18 EP C2C2+ OUTCP C1- I I O I Description Flying capacitor C1 positive terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1+ and C1-. LDOB output. Four output voltages can be programmed via the AS2Cwire interface: 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V and 2.5V. The default output voltage is 2.8V. LDOA output. Four output voltages can be programmed via the AS2Cwire interface: 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, and 3.0V. The default output voltage is 1.8V. Connect a PWM signal up to 100kHz or tie to GND if PWM is not used. Analog ground connection. Input power supply pin to LDOs. Connect this pin to IN. A 1µF capacitor is recommended for bypass use from this pin to ground. Input power supply pin. Connect a 1µF bypass capacitor from this pin to ground. Ground connection. PWM filter capacitor. Connect a 56nF capacitor to ground. If PWM is not used, leave open. LED driver current sink D1. Connect LED cathode to this pin. If not used, tie to OUTCP. LED driver current sink D2. Connect LED cathode to this pin. If not used, tie to OUTCP. LED driver current sink D3. Connect LED cathode to this pin. If not used, tie to OUTCP. LED driver current sink D4. Connect LED cathode to this pin. If not used, tie to OUTCP. Charge pump enable/set. When in the low state, AAT2868 is powered down, and consumes less than 1µA. When EN/SET jumps from low to high, the charge pump is active and 20mA LED current each are set. The two LDOs remain inactive until data 3 is written to address 4 through the AS2Cwire interface. This pin should not be left floating. Flying capacitor C2 negative terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1+ and C1-. Flying capacitor C2 positive terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C2+ and C2-. Charge pump output. Connect a 1µF bypass capacitor between this pin and ground. Flying capacitor C1 negative terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C2+ and C2-. Exposed pad. Connect to ground directly beneath the package. Pin Configurations TQFN3.0 x 2.2-18 (Top View) C1+ LDOB LDOA PWM 1 2 3 4 AGND INLDO IN GND FCAP 5 18 6 17 7 16 8 15 9 14 C1OUTCP C2+ C2EN/SET 13 12 11 10 D4 D3 D2 D1 2 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol VIN VEN VEN(MAX), VPWM (MAX) IOUT TJ TLEAD Description Input Voltage EN to GND Voltage Maximum EN or PWM to Input Voltage or GND Maximum DC Output Current (continuous)2 Maximum Junction Operating temperature Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec) Value Units -0.3 to 6.0 -0.3 to 6.0 VIN + 0.3 470 -40 to 150 300 V V V mA Value Units O C Thermal Information3 Symbol θJA θJC PD Description Thermal Resistance from Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance from Junction to Case Maximum Power Dissipation 66 39 1.5 O O C/W C/W W 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Based on long-term current density limitation. 3. Mounted on an FR4 board. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 3 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Electrical Characteristics1 VIN = 3.6V; CIN = 1µF; COUT = 1µF; CFLY = 1µF; CFLT = 56nF; TA = -40°C to 85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = 25°C. Symbol Description Conditions Input Power Supply VIN Input Voltage Range VOUT(MAX) Maximum Output Voltage Icc Operating Current ISHDN(MAX) Shutdown Current Charge Pump Section IOUT(MAX) Maximum Output Current fosc Oscillator Frequency tSS Charge Pump Setup Time VIN_(TH) Charge Pump Mode Hysteresis Min Typ Max Units 5.5 V V 2.7 1x Mode, No Load Current, CP enabled 1.5x Mode, ID1 = FS, excluding ID1, VD2 = VD3 = VD4 = IN EN = 0 5.5 0.5 1 2 4 1.0 VF = 3.6V 1.5x to 1x Transition, ID1 = ID2 = ID3 = ID4 = 31mA mA µA 124 0.9 100 mA MHz µs 300 mV LED Current Sink Outputs IDX ISINK Current Accuracy2 Current Marching Between Any Two Current Sinks3 VD_(TH) Charge Pump Mode Transition AS2Cwire Control and EN/SET Control VEN/SET (L) EN/SET VEN/SET (H) EN/SET ILEAK EN/SET Input Leakage tEN/SET(LOW) EN/SET Input Low Time tEN/SET(HI_MIN) EN/SET Minimum High Time tEN/SET(HI_MAX) EN/SET Maximum High Time tEN/SET(OFF) EN/SET Input Off Timeout4 tEN/SET(LAT) EN/SET Latch Timeout5 PWM Control VPWM(L) PWM Input Low Threshold Voltage VPWM(H) PWM High Threshold Voltage TPWM(ON) PWM Turn On Delay FPWM(MIN) PWM Minimum Input Control Frequency FPWM(MAX) PWM Maximum Input Control Frequency FPWM(MIN) PWM Minimum Duty Cycle IDX(MATCH) Data 32 and PWM = 100%, TA = 25°C Data 1-3, TA = 25°C VF; D1:D4 = 3.6V -10 +10 ±15 -5 1x to 1.5x Mode, ID1 = ID2 = ID3 = ID4 = 31mA % +5 120 1.4 -1 0.3 250 mV 0.4 V V mA µs ns µs µs µs 1 75 50 75 500 500 0.4 1.4 500 100 100 FPWM = 50kHz full scale 1 V V µs Hz kHz % 1. The AAT2868 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2. Determined by the average of all active channels. 3. Current matching is defined as the deviation of any sink current from the average of all active channels. 4. The EN/SET pin must remain logic low (less than VIL) for longer than 500μs to guarantee the off timeout. 5. The EN/SET pin must remain logic high (greater than VIH) for longer than 500μs to guarantee the latch timeout. 4 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Electrical Characteristics (continued)1 VIN = 3.6V; CIN = 1µF; COUT = 1µF; CFLY = 1µF; CFLT = 56nF; TA = -40°C to 85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = 25°C. Symbol Description Linear Regulators ΔVOUT[A/B]/ LDOA, LDOB Output Voltage Tolerance VOUT[A/B] IOUT[A/B](MAX) LDOA, LDOB Maximum Load Current VOUT[A/B](DO) LDOA, LDOB2 ∆VOUT/ Line Regulation VOUT*∆VIN PSRR[A/B] LDOA, LDOB Power Supply Rejection Ratio ROUT_(DCHG) LDOA, LDOB Auto-Discharge Resistance Thermal TSD TJ Thermal Shutdown Threshold THYS TJ Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis Conditions Min IOUT = 1mA to 150mA; TA = 25°C IOUT = 1mA to 150mA; TA = -40°C to +85°C -2 -3.0 200 Typ Max Units 2 3.0 % % mA mV VOUT[A/B] ≥ 3.0V; IOUT = 150mA 100 150 VIN = (VOUT[A/B] + 1V) to 5V 0.09 %/V IOUT[A/B] = 10mA, 1kHz 50 720 dB Ω 140 20 °C °C 1. The AAT2868 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2.VDO[A/B] is defined as VIN – LDO[A/B] when LDO[A/B] is 98% of nominal. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 5 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Typical Characteristics CP Operating Current vs. Input Voltage CP Operating Current vs. Input Voltage (1.5x Mode) 0.6 3.0 0.5 2.5 0.4 2.0 IQ (mA) IQ (mA) (1x Mode) 0.3 0.2 85°C 25°C -40°C 0.1 0.0 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 1.5 1.0 0.0 2.7 5.5 Input Voltage (V) ISD (µA) Input Current (A) 4.7 5.1 5.5 VIN = 3.6V VIN = 5.5V 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 40 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 0.00 -40 5.5 -15 10 35 60 85 Temperature (°C) LDO Operating Current vs. Input Voltage LDO Operating Current vs. Input Voltage 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.15 (LDOA Only) IOP (mA) (LDOA + LDOB) IOP (mA) 4.3 0.10 80 Input Voltage (V) 0.10 85°C 25°C -40°C 0.05 0.00 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 Input Voltage (V) 6 3.9 Shutdown Current vs. Temperature 120 0 2.7 3.5 VF = 3.3V, ILED = 31mA VF = 3.2V, ILED = 20mA VF = 3.1V, ILED = 10mA VF = 2.9V, ILED = 5mA 160 3.1 Input Voltage (V) CP Input Current vs. Input Voltage 200 85°C 25°C -40°C 0.5 4.7 5.1 0.10 85°C 25°C -40°C 0.05 0.00 2.7 5.5 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 Input Voltage (V) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 5.1 5.5 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Typical Characteristics Frequency vs. Temperature CP Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 100 80 Frequency (KHz) 90 Efficiency (%) 950 VF = 3.3V, ILED = 31mA VF = 3.2V, ILED = 20mA VF = 3.1V, ILED = 10mA VF = 2.9V, ILED = 5mA 70 60 50 40 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 910 890 870 850 -40 5.5 Input Voltage (V) 930 32.5 85 (VIN = 3.6V; VF = 3.3V; 0.5mA/ch) 0.50 D1 D2 D3 D4 0.46 Current (mA) 30.9 60 CP Current Matching vs. Temperature D1 D2 D3 D4 31.7 35 Temperature (°C) (VIN = 3.6V; VF = 3.3V; 31mA/ch) Current (mA) 10 CP Current Matching vs. Temperature 30.1 29.3 0.42 0.38 0.34 28.5 -40 -15 10 35 60 0.30 -40 85 Temperature (°C) 1.0 1.8 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 3.5 3.9 4.3 Input Voltage (V) 4.7 5.1 60 85 (VOUT = 1.2V) Output Error (%) 0.6 35 LDO Load Regulation vs. Output Current 85°C 25°C -40°C 3.1 10 Temperature (°C) (VOUT = 1.2V) -1.0 2.7 -15 LDO Line Regulation vs. Input Voltage Output Error (%) -15 0.6 0.0 -0.6 -1.2 -1.8 0.1 5.5 85°C 25°C -40°C 1.2 1 10 100 1000 Load Current (mA) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 7 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Typical Characteristics EN Input Low Threshold Voltage vs. Input Voltage 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 VEN(L) (V) VEN(H) (V) EN Input High Threshold Voltage vs. Input Voltage 0.8 0.6 -40°C 25°C 85°C 0.4 0.2 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 0.8 0.6 0.2 2.7 5.5 Input Voltage (V) 1.0 VPWM(L) (V) VPWM(H) (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 -40°C 25°C 85°C 0.4 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.1 5.5 0.6 -40°C 25°C 85°C 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 Input Voltage (V) EN/SET Input Off Time vs. Input Voltage 320 360 tEN/SET(OFF) (µs) 280 tEN/SET(LAT) (µs) 4.7 0.8 0.2 2.7 5.5 EN/SET Input Latch Time vs. Input Voltage 240 200 85°C 25°C -40°C 160 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 Input Voltage (V) 8 4.3 0.4 Input Voltage (V) 120 2.7 3.9 PWM Input Low Threshold Voltage vs. Input Voltage 1.2 3.5 3.5 Input Voltage (V) 1.2 3.1 3.1 PWM Input High Threshold Voltage vs. Input Voltage 0.2 2.7 -40°C 25°C 85°C 0.4 4.7 5.1 300 240 180 120 2.7 5.5 85°C 25°C -40°C 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 Input Voltage (V) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 5.1 5.5 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Typical Characteristics CP Turn On CP Turn Off (VIN = 3.6V; CIN = COUT = 1µF; CF = 56nF; 20mA/ch) (VIN = 3.6V; CIN = COUT = 1µF; CF = 56nF; 31mA/ch) EN (2V/div) EN (2V/div) 0 IIN (100mA/div) IIN (200mA/div) 0 VOUT (2V/div) 0 VOUT (2V/div) ILED (20mA/div) 0 ILED (20mA/div) Time (100µs/div) 0 0 0 0 Time (100µs/div) CP Current Transient CP Current Transient (VIN = 3.6V; 0.5mA to 31mA) VEN (2V/div) VOUT (5V/div) IIN (200mA/div) ILED (20mA/div) (VIN = 3.6V; 31mA to 0.5mA) 0 VEN (2V/div) VOUT (5V/div) 0 IIN (200mA/div) 0 ILED (20mA/div) 0 Time (100µs/div) LDO Turn On IIN (1A/div) VLDOA (2V/div) VLDOB (2V/div) 0 0 LDO Turn On (VIN = 3.6V; CIN = 2.2µF; CLDOA = CLDOB = 2.2µF; VLDOA = 3.0V; VLDOB = 1.8V) EN (2V/div) 0 IIN (1A/div) VLDOA (2V/div) 0 0 VLDOB (2V/div) 0 Time (40µs/div) 0 Time (40µs/div) (VIN = 3.6V; CIN = 2.2µF; CLDOA = CLDOB = 2.2µF; VLDOA = 2.8V; VLDOB = 1.2V) EN (2V/div) 0 0 0 0 0 Time (40µs/div) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 9 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Typical Characteristics LDO Turn Off 1.5x Mode Operating Characteristics (VIN = 3.2V; CIN = COUT = 1µF; 31mA/ch) (VIN = 3.6V; CIN = 2.2µF; CLDOA = CLDOB = 2.2µF; VLDOA = 2.8V; VLDOB = 1.2V) EN (2V/div) VLDOA (2V/div) VLDOB (2V/div) VIN (AC coupled) (50mV/div) VOUT (AC coupled) (50mV/div) IIN (200mA/div) ILED (20mA/div) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Time (1ms/div) Time (1µs/div) 1.5x Mode Operating Characteristics VIN (AC coupled) (50mV/div) VOUT (AC coupled) (50mV/div) IIN (100mA/div) ILED (20mA/div) CP Mode Transient (VIN = 3.2V; CIN = COUT = 1µF; PWM; 100kHz; Duty = 50%; 31mA/ch) (VIN = 3.6V to 4.2V; CIN = COUT = 1µF; 31mA/ch) VIN (2V/div) 0 3.6V 0 VOUT (2V/div) 0 0 ILED (20mA/div) 0 4.2V 0 0 Time (1µs/div) Time (100µs/div) LDO Load Transient (VIN = 3.6V; VOUTB = 1.2V; CIN = COUTB = 2.2µF; 10mA to 150mA) IOUTB (50mA/div) 0 VOUT (2V/div) 0 Time (40µs/div) 10 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Typical Characteristics Dropout Characteristics Dropout Characteristics (VOUTA = 2.8V) (VOUTA = 3.0V) 3.6 IOUT = 0mA IOUT = 10mA IOUT = 50mA IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 150mA IOUT = 200mA 3.2 3.0 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 3.4 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.0 IOUT = 0mA IOUT = 10mA IOUT = 50mA IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 150mA IOUT = 200mA 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.7 3.2 Input Voltage (V) 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 Input Voltage (V) PSRR vs. Frequency (VIN = 3.6V, VRIPPLE = 500mVPP, CIN = COUT = 2.2μF, IL = 10mA) 100 PSRR (dB) 80 60 40 20 0 0.1 1 10 Frequency (KHz) 100 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 11 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Functional Block Diagram IN C1+ C1C2+ C2- Dual-mode Charge Pump 1X/1.5X 4 FCAP PWM EN/SET OUTCP PWM Filter Control Logic 32-step AS2Cwire Backlight Control and LDO Setting INLDO D1 D2 D3 D4 LDOA LDOB GND Functional Description The AAT2868 is a high efficiency charge pump white LED driver for portable applications. It can drive up to 4 white LEDs. And the integrated two LDOs can provide 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.8V and 3.0V output voltages with 16 combinations with up to 150mA load capability. The charge pump of AAT2868 is a fractional charge pump and can multiply the input voltage by 1 or 1.5 times. The charge pump switches at a fixed frequency of 0.9MHz. The internal mode-selection circuit automatically switches the mode between 1x and 1.5x based on the input voltage, white LED forward voltage VF, and the programmed LED current. This mode switching maximizes the efficiency throughout the entire LED load range. When the input voltage is high enough, the charge pump operates in 1x mode (no charge pump) to provide maximum efficiency. If the input voltage is too low to supply the programmed LED current, typically when the battery discharges and the voltage decays, the 1.5x charge pump mode is automatically enabled. When the battery is connected to a charger and the input voltage become high enough again, the device will switch back to 1x mode. 12 AGND Five registers are designed for charge pump enable/disable control, LED current programming, LDO enable/ disable control of the two LDOs, and combined LDO output voltage settings via the AS2Cwire interface. The LED current value is controlled by either the AS2Cwire interface, a PWM interface, or both. The AS2Cwire interface records rising edges of the EN/SET pin and decodes them into 32 individual current level settings from 0.4mA to 31mA, while the PWM interface receives an input switching frequency where the duty cycle is varied to modulate the output current. To avoid switching noise and flicker in the output LED, the input PWM frequency is filtered via an internal resistor and small external capacitor to provide a constant LED current. Once the AAT2868 charge pump is enabled, the PWM input will modulate the current up to the maximum current programmed by the AS2Cwire interface. AS2C Registers The AAT2628 has five registers with up to four bits each to control the LED backlighting enable/disable, LED current and two LDOs enable/disable, output voltages, etc. as shown in Table 1. Each register data can be written Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Address Data Number EN/SET Rising Edges Function D3 D2 D1 D0 EN/SET Rising Edges 0 [Default] 1 2 3 4 5 17 19 20 21 22 Backlight Enable Reserved Backlight MSB Backlight LSBs LDO Enable Control LDO Output Voltage 0 0 BL[3] 0 LDO[3] BL_ENB 0 BL[2] 0 LDO[2] 0 0 BL[1] LDOA_EN LDO[1] 0 BL[4] BL[0] LDOB_EN LDO[0] 1 or 5 1 or 2 1 ~ 16 1~4 1 ~ 16 Table 1: AAT2868 AS2C Registers. with 1 to 16 EN/SET rising edges. Some bits are internally reserved and customer should only write it by bit zero, such as Address 0, bit D0, D1 and D3, etc. Otherwise it may lead to unexpected result. Address 0 is the default address; if EN/SET is pulled high after a low level of at least 500µs tOFF duration, address 0 is written by 0 and LED backlighting is enabled with the default 20mA LED current each. Address 0 – Backlight Enable The BL_ENB bit of address register 0 is adopted to enable or disable white LED backlighting. 0 enables backlighting; 1 disables backlighting. The other bits of the register should be written by zero. Description BL_ENB Backlight On [default] 0 Backlight Off 1 Table 2: AS2C Register Address 0 Settings. Address 2 and 3 – LED Current Level Settings LED current level is set via the AS Cwire interface in a linear scale by 32 codes where LED current of each higher code is higher than the lower one, as shown in Table 2. In this manner, the LED current decreases linearly with each decreasing code. 2 LED Current Codes Addr2 Addr3 BL4 BL3 BL2 BL1 BL0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 21 1 0 1 0 0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 LED Current (mA) 0.4 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 [Default] 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0 Table 3: AS2C Register Address 2 and Address 3 LED Current Settings1. 1. The LED current accuracy is compromised at low code settings. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 13 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Address 4 – LDO Enable Control Address 5 - LDO Voltage Output Settings The AAT2868 includes two low dropout (LDO) linear regulators. These regulators are powered from the battery and produce a fixed output voltage set through the AS2Cwire serial interface. AS2C address 4 register is used to turn the two LDOs on/off via the AS2Cwire serial interface. An internal resistor is used to discharge the LDO output voltage when the LDO is disabled. Register address 5 is used to set LDOA and LDOB output voltage levels. Sixteen combinations of the two LDOs can be programmed by the 4 bits of the register. LDOA can be set to one of four levels: 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.8V or 3.0V. LDOB can be set one of four levels: 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V or 2.8V. The LDO regulators require only a small 2.2μF ceramic output capacitor for stable operation. If improved load transient response is required, larger-valued capacitors can be used without stability degradation. Data Description LDOA Off, LDOB [Default] LDOA Off, LDOB LDOA On, LDOB LDOA On, LDOB Off On Off On LDOA_EN LDOB_EN EN/SET Rising Edges 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 AS2Cwire EN/SET Interface The AAT2868 is dynamically programmable using the AS2Cwire single-wire interface. AS2Cwire records rising edges detected at the EN/SET pin to address and load the data registers. The timing diagram in Figure 1 shows the typical transmission protocol. Table 4: AS2C Register Address 4 Settings. Data Description LDO[3] LDO[2] LDO[1] LDO[0] EN/SET Rising Edges LDOA = 3.0V, LDOB = 2.8V LDOA = 3.0V, LDOB = 1.8V LDOA = 3.0V, LDOB = 1.5V LDOA = 3.0V, LDOB = 1.2V LDOA = 2.8V, LDOB = 2.8V LDOA = 2.8V, LDOB = 1.8V LDOA = 2.8V, LDOB = 1.5V LDOA = 2.8V, LDOB = 1.2V LDOA = 1.8V, LDOB = 2.8V [default] LDOA = 1.8V, LDOB = 1.8V LDOA = 1.8V, LDOB = 1.5V LDOA = 1.8V, LDOB = 1.2V LDOA = 1.5V, LDOB = 2.8V LDOA = 1.5V, LDOB = 1.8V LDOA = 1.5V, LDOB = 1.5V LDOA = 1.5V, LDOB = 1.2V 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Table 5: AS2Cwire Register Address 5 LDOA and LDOB Output Voltage Settings. 14 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Address TLO Data TLAT T LAT THI EN/SET 1 2 19 20 1 2 n ≤ 16 Address 0 Data Reg 3 0 n Figure 1: AS2Cwire Timing Diagram. The AAT2868 latches address or data after the EN/SET input has been held high for time tLAT (500µs) through AS2Cwire interface. Address or data is differentiated by the number of EN/SET rising edges. Address has EN/SET rising edges from 17 to 22 and data has EN/SET rising edges from 1 to 16. A typical write protocol of the AS2Cwire interface is a burst of EN/SET rising edges identifying a particular address, followed by a pause with EN/SET held high for the tLAT timeout period, then a burst of rising edges signifying data, and another tLAT timeout after the data has been sent. Once an address is set, multiple writes to that address are allowed since the address is not reset after each write. Address edges are needed when changing the address, or writing to an address other than the default after shutdown. Address 0 is the default address after shutdown. If the part is enabled with only one rising edge after shutdown, then Address 0 will be programmed and LED backlight channels BL1-BL4 will be enabled to the default 20mA each. When EN/SET is held low for a time longer than tOFF (500µs), the AAT2868 enters shutdown mode with charge pump and two LDOs all turning off and draws less than 1µA of current from IN. At shutdown, the data and address registers are reset to 0. PWM Control The AAT2868 also includes an independent 20mA LED current PWM dimming control with EN/SET low or an additional means of providing dimming control after maximum LED current set by EN/SET. When EN/SET is low, up to 100kHz PWM signal with varied duty cycle through PWM pin may change the LED current between 0mA and 20mA each. When PWM is used as an additional dimming control, before the PWM signal is activated, the EN/SET pin must be held for the tLAT period after setting the maximum current available to the LEDs. For example, if the maximum current of 20mA is required then a simple enable of the EN/SET followed by tLAT will allow 20mA to flow through each LED. By applying a variable duty cycle between 1% and 100% on the PWM pin, this current can now be adjusted. Frequencies of up to 100kHz can be applied. To avoid output flicker and noise, the input control PWM frequency is filtered by an internal resistor in conjunction with an external filter capacitor. It is recommended that a 56nF ceramic capacitor be used. Short Circuit and Over-Temperature Protection The AAT2868 integrates short circuit protection to limit the input current in the case of the charge pump output or the two LDO outputs shorted to ground by fault. The backlight and the two LDOs will recover to normal operating state once the fault is removed. The AAT2868 also includes over-temperature protection circuitry. When the junction temperature is too high, the over-temperature protection circuitry is active and the IC enters standby mode with no LED current or LDO output. When the fault is removed, the LED backlighting and LDO outputs all recover. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 15 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Address TLO Data TLAT TLAT THI EN/SET 1 2 19 1 20 2 n ≤ 16 PWM (Up to 100kHz) Figure 2: PWM Control Timing Application Information LED Selection The AAT2868 is designed to drive high intensity white flash LEDs with forward voltages up to 4.4V. Though AAT2868 switches the charge pump mode 1x and 1.5x mode automatically to maintain the continuous LED current accuracy, to obtain higher efficiency lower VF of the white LEDs should be selected. Maximum LED Current Setting ILED (V) 32 maximum LED current codes from 0.4mA to 31mA can be set by address registers 2 and 3 through the EN/SET AS2Cwire interface as shown in Figure 3. To obtain linear LED current change, the AAT2868 is designed not to change the LED current when data is written only to address 2. The control circuit writes data to both address 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 and address 3 registers only after address 3 is written to determine which LED current code is programmed. Address 2 BL4's default value is 0 after one EN/SET rising edge. Code 1 to 16 with LED current from 0.4mA to 15mA can be set after sending address 3 with 20 rising edges and sending data with 1 to 16 rising edges after tLAT. Code 17 to 32 with LED current from 16mA to 31mA can be obtained after writing both address 2 and address 3. The operation is performed via the following steps: 1. Select address 2 by sending 19 rising edges on EN/ SET and holding high for tLAT; 2. Send data 1 to set DL4 by sending 2 rising edges and holding high for tLAT; 3. Select address 3 by sending 20 rising edges on EN/ SET and holding high for tLAT; 4. Send data 15 to obtain LED current code 32 setting by sending 16 rising edges on EN/SET and holding high for tLAT. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 LED Current Code Figure 3: AAT2868 Total 32 LED Current Codes vs. LED Current. 16 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators LED Dimming by PWM Charge Pump Efficiency The external PWM input signal dims the LEDs linearly by varying the duty cycle from 100% to 1%. Figure 4 shows the varied PWM duty cycle vs. maximum 20mA LED current. 1x Mode Efficiency CFLT is used as a RC filter capacitor to filter the PWM control signal to a constant voltage for internal LED current control. With internal resistance of 200kΩ and the RC filter rejection frequency set to 1/20 of the PWM frequency, the CFLT minimum value can be calculated by the following formula: 20 CFLT = 2πR · f The AAT2868's 1x mode is operational at all times and functions alone to enhance device power conversion efficiency when VIN is higher than the voltage across the load. When in 1x mode, voltage conversion efficiency is defined as output power divided by input power. η= An expression for the ideal efficiency (η) in 1X charge pump mode can be expressed as: η= PWM Table 7 shows some minimum CFLT values for different PWM frequencies. For most applications, 56nF is a suitable value except for 100Hz PWM frequency where a value greater than 160nF should be used. If PWM control is not used, CFLT is unnecessary. fPWM (kHz) Minimum CFLT (nF) 0.1 1 10 30 50 80 100 159 15.9 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 POUT PIN POUT VF · IOUT VF = ≈ PIN VIN · IIN VIN -or- η(%) = 100 VOUT VIN 1.5x Charge Pump Mode Efficiency The AAT2868 contains a fractional charge pump which will boost the input supply voltage in the event where VIN is less than the voltage required to supply the output. The efficiency (η) can be simply defined as a linear voltage regulator with an effective output voltage that is equal to one and one half times the input voltage. Efficiency (η) for an ideal 1.5x charge pump can be calculated by the following equation: Table 7: Minimum CFLT Value Examples. η= -or- VF · IOUT VF POUT VF · IOUT = = ≈ VIN · IIN VIN · 1.5 · IOUT 1.5 · VIN PIN η(%) = 100 VOUT 1.5 · VIN 22 20 18 ILED (V) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 PWM Duty Cycle (%) Figure 4: Linear Dimming by PWM Duty Cycle (20mA Maximum LED Current). Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 17 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Capacitor Selection The AAT2868 needs seven capacitors for a typical application: CIN, COUT, C1, C2, CFLT and CLOA, CLOB. Among them, CIN, C1, C2 and COUT are required for the 1.5x mode charge pump. 1µF surface-mount multi-layer ceramic capacitors with less than 100mΩ low equivalent series resistance (ESR) are recommended. Though capacitor ESR will not affect the ability of the capacitor to store energy, it has a large effect on performance such as equivalent output resistance, efficiency, and output voltage ripple of the charge pump. Tantalum and aluminum electrolytic capacitors are not recommended for use with the AAT2868 due to their high ESR. A output capacitance value of 2.2µF or above is required for LDOA and LDOB for proper load voltage regulation and stable operation. Table 6 shows some recommended capacitors. For most applications, ceramic capacitors with X5R temperature characteristics are preferred for AAT2868 application. These capacitors have good capacitance tolerance over a wide temperature range (X5R: ±15% over -55°C to +85°C). Capacitors with Y5V or Z5U temperature characteristics are generally not recommended for AAT2869. They have wide capacitance tolerance over special temperature (Y5V: +22%, -82% over -30°C to +85°C, Z5U: +22%, -56% over +10°C to +85°C). Careful selection of the four external capacitors CIN, C1, COUT is important because they will affect turn-on time, output ripple and transient performance. Optimum per- Manufacturer Murata TDK formance will be obtained when low ESR (<100mΩ) ceramic capacitors are used. In general, low ESR may be defined as less than 100mΩ. A capacitor value of 1uF for all four capacitors is a good starting point when choosing capacitors. If the LED current sinks are only programmed for light current levels, then the capacitor size may be decreased. Additional Applications The current sinks of the AAT2868 can be combined to drive higher current levels through a single LED. As an example, Figure 5 shows the AAT2868 driving a single white LED with up to 124mA by connecting D1-D4 together to the LED cathode. Printed Circuit Board Layout Recommendations When designing a PCB for the AAT2868, the key requirements are: 1. Place the flying capacitors C1 and C2 as close to the chip as possible; otherwise 1.5x mode performance will be compromised. 2. Place input and output decoupling capacitors as close to the chip as possible to reduce switching noise and output ripple. 3. Connect the exposed pad to GND plane to get best power dissipation. Part Number Value (µF) Voltage Temp. Co. ESR (mΩ) at 1MHz Case GRM188R61C105KA93 GRM185R60J105KE21 GRM188R61A225KE34 C1608X5R1C105K C1608X5R0J225K 1 1 2.2 1 2.2 16 6.3 10 16 6.3 X5R X5R X5R X5R X5R 18 16 12 5.5 3.3 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 Table 6: AAT2868 Recommended Capacitors. 18 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators C1+ C1 1µF VIN 2.7~5.5V C2+ C2 1µF C1C2IN OUTCP INLDO CIN 2.2µF COUT 1µF AAT2868 PWM PWM LDOA LDOA LDOB AGND FCAP CF 56nF GND Up to 124mA D1 D2 D3 D4 EN/SET AS2Cwire D1 LDOB CLDOB 2.2µF CLDOA 2.2µF Figure 5: Higher Current, Single LED Application. Schematic and Layout U1 AAT2868 C1 1µF J1 1 18 7 6 DC+ V_LDO CIN 2.2µF DC- 8 5 AAT2868 White LED Driver R1 0 D1 FCAP CF 56nF EP D1 D2 D3 D4 LDOA LDOB R2 0 R3 0 R4 0 D3 D2 10 11 12 13 3 D4 LDOA 2 LDOB CLDOB 2.2µF PWM CLDOA 2.2µF EN/SET R10 R11 R12 1k 1k 1k SELECT R7 50k VOUT COUT 1µF EN/SET PWM 9 R8 50k C2 1µF 16 15 17 GND AGND 14 4 V _MCU C2+ C2OUTCP C1+ C1IN INLDO 1 2 3 4 U2 VDD GP5 GP4 GP3 PIC12F675 VSS GP0 GP1 GP2 C3 0.1µF 8 7 6 5 R9 1k LED2 Red R6 1k DETAIL LED1 SEND AS2Cwire Microcontroller Figure 6: AAT2868 Evaluation Board Schematic. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 19 DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Figure 7: AAT2868 Evaluation Board Top Side Layout. Figure 8: AAT2868 Evaluation Board Bottom Side Layout. Component Part Number Description Manufacturer U1 U2 R1, R2, R3, R4 R7, R8 R6, R9, R10, R11, R12 C1, C2, COUT CIN, CLA, CLB C3 CF D1, D2, D3, D4 LED1 LED2 CYCLE, UP, DOWN AAT2868IDT-T1 PIC12F675 RC0603FR-070RL RC0603FR-0749K9L RC0603FR-071KL GRM188R71C105K GRM188R61A225K GRM188R71C104K GRM188R71C563K RS-0805UW 0805KGCT 0805KRCT 6*6*5 High Efficiency, 4 Channel, 1X/1.5X Charge Pump for White LED 8-Pin Flash-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller Res 0Ω 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD Res 49.9KΩ 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD Res 1KΩ 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD Cap Ceramic 1μF 0603 X7R 16V 10% Cap Ceramic 2.2μF 0603 X5R 10V 10% Cap Ceramic 0.1μF 0603 X7R 16V 10% Cap Ceramic 0.056μF 0603 X7R 16V 10% 20mA White LED 0805 Green LED 0805 Red LED 0805 12V 50mA Pushbutton Skyworks Microchip Table 8: AAT2868IDT-DB1 Evaluation Board Bill of Materials. 20 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 Yageo Murata Realstar HB HB E-LT DATA SHEET AAT2868 CABC Compatible Four-Channel Backlight Driver with Dual LDO Regulators Ordering Information Package Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 TQFN 3.0 x 2.2-18L 5CXXY AAT2868IDT-T1 Skyworks Green™ products are compliant with all applicable legislation and are halogen-free. For additional information, refer to Skyworks Definition of Green™, document number SQ04-0074. Package Information TQFN3.0 x 2.2-183 Index Area Pin 1 Indicator (optional) 0.40 BSC 0.20 ± 0.05 0.203 REF 0.75 ± 0.05 3.00 ± 0.05 1.90 ± 0.05 0.30 ± 0.05 0.05 ± 0.05 Side View 2.20 ± 0.05 Top View 1.10 ± 0.05 Bottom View All dimensions in millimeters. 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD. 3.The leadless package family, which includes QFN, TQFN, DFN, TDFN, and STDFN, has exposed copper (unplated) at the end of the lead terminals due to the manufacturing process. A solder fillet at the exposed copper edge cannot be guaranteed and is not required to ensure a proper bottom solder connection. Copyright © 2012 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information in this document is provided in connection with Skyworks Solutions, Inc. (“Skyworks”) products or services. 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Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202072B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • August 23, 2012 21