Technical Specification

Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
34-75V
100V
Continuous Input Transient Input
5.0-24V
150W
4250V dc
Quarter-brick
Outputs
Max Power
Reinforced Insulation
DC-DC Converter
Rated for CF Patient Contact and Defibrillation Proof
The CFQor series of Quarter-Brick DC-DC converters is
designed for those medical applications that require
@ RS
12 -G
A
isolation and leakage current levels that comply with
IN
F
34 48
-7 1
5V 20
Q
proof. They are high efficiency, fixed switching frequency,
O
UT
12 TC
V 12
N
IEC60601-1 for CF patient contact and are also defibrillation
C
encased converters based on SynQor's well proven and
reliable industrial grade products.
Operational Features
•
•
•
•
•
High efficiency, 92% at full rated load current
Delivers full power with minimal derating - no heatsink required
Operating input voltage range: 34-75V continuous; 100V transient
Fixed frequency switching provides predictable EMI
No minimum load requirement
Mechanical Features
• Industry standard quarter-brick pin-out configuration
• Size: 1.536" x 2.386" x 0.50" (39.01 x 60.6 x 12.7 mm)
• Total weight: 3 oz (85 g)
Control
Control Features
Features
Protection Features
•
•
•
•
•
• On/Off control referenced to input side
• Remote sense for the output voltage
• Output voltage trim range of -20%, +10%
Safety Features
Reinforced Insulation
• 4250V, 100 MΩ input-to-output
• UL 60601-1:2003
• CAN.CSA 22.2 No. 601.1-M90
• EN 60601-1/A2:1995
• IEC 60601-1/A2:1995
• CF Patient Contact
• Defibrillation Proof
• RoHS compliant (see last page)
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Input under-voltage lockout
Output current limit and short circuit protection
Active back bias limit
Output over-voltage protection
Thermal shutdown
Contents
Family Electrical Characteristics (all output voltages) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Family Electrical Charts (all output voltages) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Electrical Characteristics (5.0 Vout) & Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Electrical Characteristics (12.0 Vout) & Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Electrical Characteristics (15.0 Vout) & Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Electrical Characteristics (24.0 Vout) & Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
Application Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-15
Standards & Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Encased Mechanical Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Flanged Mechanical Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 1
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
CF48-QT Family Electrical Characteristics (all output voltages)
Ta = 25°C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, Vin = 48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +100°C baseplate temperature
with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Non-Operating
Operating
Operating Transient
Isolation Voltage
Input to Output
Input to Base-Plate
Output to Base-Plate
Operating Temperature
-40
Storage Temperature
-55
Voltage at ON/OFF input pin
-2
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range
34
Input Under-Voltage Lockout
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
32.2
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
30.2
Lockout Voltage Hysteresis
Recommended External Input Capacitance
Input Filter Component Values (L\C)
Recommended Input Fuse
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Turn-On Transient
Turn-On Time
Start-Up Inhibit Time
200
Output Voltage Overshoot
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
Isolation Voltage (dielectric strength)
Isolation Resistance
Isolation Capacitance (input / baseplate to output)
Output Leakage Single Fault
Difibrillation Pulse (input / baseplate earthed)
TEMPERATURE LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING CURVES
Semiconductor Junction Temperature
Board Temperature
Transformer Temperature
Maximum Baseplate Temperature, Tb
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency
ON/OFF Control
Off-State Voltage
2.4
On-State Voltage
-2
ON/OFF Control
Pull-Up Voltage
Pull-Up Resistance
Over-Temperature Shutdown OTP Trip Point
Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis
RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
Calculated MTBF (Telcordia) TR-NWT-000332
Calculated MTBF (MIL-217) MIL-HDBK-217F
Field Demonstrated MTBF
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
100
75
100
V
V
V
4250
4250
4250
100
125
18
V dc
V dc
V dc
°C
°C
V
48
75
V
33.0
31.0
2.0
100
4.7\6.6
33.8
31.8
V
V
V
µF
µH\µF
A
15
10
230
0
250
4250
100
270
27
5
ms
ms
%
V dc
MΩ
pF
µA
kV
125
125
125
100
250
°C
°C
°C
°C
Continuous
Continuous
1s
Reinforced Insulation
Baseplate temperature
100V transient for 1s
Typical ESR 0.1-0.2Ω
Internal values; see Figure D
Fast acting external fuse recommended
Full load, Vout=90% nom.
Figure F; See Note 2
Maximum Output Capacitance
See Absolute Maximum Ratings
264Vac 60Hz Backdrive
Fig. 51 60601-1 2nd Edition
Package rated to 150 °C
UL rated max operating temp 130 °C
kHz
18
0.8
V
Application notes Figures A & B
5
50
125
10
2.5
1.8
TBD
www.synqor.com
V
kΩ
°C
°C
Average PCB Temperature
106 Hrs. 80% load, 200LFM, 40°C Ta
106 Hrs. 80% load, 200LFM, 40°C Ta
106 Hrs. See our website for details
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 2
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
Family Electrical Charts (all output voltages)
120
Nominal Vout
Output Voltage (%)
100
80
60
40
Vin min
Vin nom
20
Vin max
0
0
Common Figure 1: Typical startup waveform. Input voltage pre-applied, ON/
OFF Pin on Ch 2.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Load Current (%)
100 110 120 130 140 150
Common Figure 2: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit
curves and converter shutdown points.
100,000.0
100,000.0
5V
10,000.0
12 V
15 V
Trim Resistance (kOhms)
Trim Resistance (kOhms)
10
1,000.0
100.0
10.0
24 V
10,000.0
1,000.0
100.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
Increase in Vout (%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Increase in Vout (%)
Common Figure 3: Trim graph for trim-up 1.8 to 7 V outputs.
Common Figure 4: Trim graph for trim-up 12 to 24 V outputs.
10,000.0
Trim Resistance (kOhms)
All voltages
1,000.0
100.0
10.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Decrease in Vout (%)
Common Figure 5: Trim graph for trim down.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 3
Input:34-75V
Output:5V
Current:25A
Part No.:CF48050QTx25
Technical Specification
CF48050QTx25 Electrical Characteristics (5.0Vout)
Ta = 25°C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, Vin = 48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +100°C baseplate temperature
with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Maximum Input Current
5.3
No-Load Input Current
70
90
Disabled Input Current
2
4
Response to Input Transient
0.25
Input Terminal Ripple Current
320
Recommended Input Fuse
15
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point
4.95
5.000
5.05
Output Voltage Regulation
Over Line
±0.1
±0.3
Over Load
±0.1
±0.3
Over Temperature
-75
75
Total Output Voltage Range
4.875
5.125
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise
Peak-to-Peak
0
60
120
RMS
20
40
Operating Output Current Range
0
25
Output DC Current-Limit Inception
27.5
30.0
32.5
Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage
2.4
Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled
1
Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled
10
Maximum Output Capacitance
8,000
Output Voltage during Load Current Transient
Step Change in Output Current (0.1A/µs)
240
Settling Time
400
Output Voltage Trim Range
-20
10
Output Voltage Remote Sense Range
10
Output Over-Voltage Protection
5.9
6.1
6.4
EFFICIENCY
100% Load
90.0
50% Load
92.0
Note 1: Output is terminated with 1µF ceramic and 22µF low-ESR tantalum capacitors. For
noise, consult SynQor applications support (e-mail: [email protected])
A
mA
mA
V
mA
A
Vin min; trim up; in current limit
500V/ms; see Figure 6
RMS
Fast acting external fuse recommended
V
%
%
mV
V
mV
mV
A
A
V
A
mA
µF
mV
µs
%
%
V
Over sample, line, load, temperature & life
20MHz bandwidth; see Note 1
Full load
Full load
Subject to thermal derating
Output voltage 10% Low
Differential negative current drawn from output
Differential negative current drawn from output
Vout nominal at full load (resistive load)
50% to 75% to 50% Iout max
To within 1% Vout nom
Across Pins 8&4; Common Figures 3-5; see Note 2
Across Pins 8&4
Over full temp range
%
See Figure 1 for efficiency curve
%
See Figure 1 for efficiency curve
applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and
Note 2: Trim-up range is limited below 10% at low line and full load. Contact SynQor applications support for more detail (email: [email protected])
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 4
Input:34-75V
Output:5V
Current:25A
Part No.:CF48050QTx25
Technical Specification
100
18
95
15
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
90
85
80
75
70
34 Vin
6
34 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
75 Vin
60
0
0
5
10
15
20
Load Current (A)
25
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum,
nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
0
5
10
15
20
Load Current (A)
25
Figure 2: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
30
30
25
25
20
20
Iout (A)
Iout (A)
9
3
48 Vin
65
12
15
15
10
10
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
5
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
5
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0
0
25
40
55
Ambient Air Temperature (°C)
70
25
85
40
55
Ambient Air Temperature (°C)
70
85
Figure 3: Open Frame converter max. output power derating vs. ambient air
temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM. Air flows across the
converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 4: Encased converter (with 1/2” heatsink) max. output power derating
vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM. Air
flows across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 5: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%50% of Iout(max); dI/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 15µF tantalum cap and 1µF
ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout, Ch 2: Iout.
Figure 6: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (nominal
to maximum input voltage), at full load current. Load cap: 15µF tantalum
capacitor and 1uF ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout , Ch 2: Vin.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 5
Input:34-75V
Output:12V
Current:12A
Part No.:CF48120QTx12
Technical Specification
CF48120QTx12 Electrical Characteristics (12.0Vout)
Ta = 25°C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, Vin = 48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +100°C baseplate temperature
with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Maximum Input Current
6.0
No-Load Input Current
80
100
Disabled Input Current
2
4
Response to Input Transient
0.45
Input Terminal Ripple Current
350
Recommended Input Fuse
15
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point
11.88
12.000
12.12
Output Voltage Regulation
Over Line
±0.1
±0.3
Over Load
±0.1
±0.3
Over Temperature
-180
180
Total Output Voltage Range
11.700
12.300
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise
Peak-to-Peak
0
60
90
RMS
12
20
Operating Output Current Range
0
12
Output DC Current-Limit Inception
13.2
14.4
15.6
Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage
4.9
Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled
0.5
Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled
10
Maximum Output Capacitance
1,500
Output Voltage during Load Current Transient
Step Change in Output Current (0.1A/µs)
400
Settling Time
500
Output Voltage Trim Range
-20
10
Output Voltage Remote Sense Range
10
Output Over-Voltage Protection
14.0
14.6
15.2
EFFICIENCY
100% Load
92
50% Load
93
Note 1: Output is terminated with 1µF ceramic and 22µF low-ESR tantalum capacitors. For
noise, consult SynQor applications support (e-mail: [email protected])
A
mA
mA
V
mA
A
Vin min; trim up; in current limit
500V/ms; see Figure 6
RMS
Fast acting external fuse recommended
V
%
%
mV
V
mV
mV
A
A
V
A
mA
µF
mV
µs
%
%
V
Over sample, line, load, temperature & life
20MHz bandwidth; see Note 1
Full load
Full load
Subject to thermal derating
Output voltage 10% Low
Differential negative current drawn from output
Differential negative current drawn from output
Vout nominal at full load (resistive load)
50% to 75% to 50% Iout max
To within 1% Vout nom
Across Pins 8&4; Common Figures 3-5; see Note 2
Across Pins 8&4
Over full temp range
%
See Figure 1 for efficiency curve
%
See Figure 1 for efficiency curve
applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and
Note 2: Trim-up range is limited below 10% at low line and full load. Contact SynQor applications support for more detail (email: [email protected])
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 6
Input:34-75V
Output:12V
Current:12A
Part No.:CF48120QTx12
Technical Specification
100
16
95
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
90
85
80
75
70
34 Vin
8
4
34 Vin
48 Vin
65
48 Vin
75 Vin
75 Vin
60
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Load Current (A)
8
9
10
11
12
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum,
nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
0
14
14
12
12
10
10
8
8
6
4
6
Load Current (A)
9
12
6
4
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
2
3
Figure 2: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
Iout (A)
Iout (A)
12
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
2
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0
0
25
40
55
Ambient Air Temperature (°C)
70
25
85
40
55
Ambient Air Temperature (°C)
70
85
Figure 3: Open Frame converter max. output power derating vs. ambient air
temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM. Air flows across the
converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 4: Encased converter (with 1/2” heatsink) max. output power derating
vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM. Air
flows across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 5: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%50% of Iout(max); dI/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 15µF tantalum cap and 1µF
ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout, Ch 2: Iout.
Figure 6: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (nominal
to maximum input voltage), at full load current. Load cap: 15µF tantalum
capacitor and 1uF ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout , Ch 2: Vin.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 7
Input:34-75V
Output:15V
Current:10A
Part No.:CF48150QTx10
Technical Specification
CF48150QTx10 Electrical Characteristics (15.0Vout)
Ta = 25°C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, Vin = 48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +100°C baseplate temperature
with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Maximum Input Current
6.3
No-Load Input Current
70
90
Disabled Input Current
2
4
Response to Input Transient
0.45
Input Terminal Ripple Current
10
Recommended Input Fuse
15
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point
14.85
15.00
15.15
Output Voltage Regulation
Over Line
±0.1
±0.3
Over Load
±0.1
±0.3
Over Temperature
-225
225
Total Output Voltage Range
14.625
15.375
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise
Peak-to-Peak
0
75
110
RMS
15
30
Operating Output Current Range
0
10
Output DC Current-Limit Inception
11.0
12.0
13.0
Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage
4.9
Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled
0.25
Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled
10
Maximum Output Capacitance
1,000
Output Voltage during Load Current Transient
Step Change in Output Current (0.1A/µs)
500
Settling Time
400
Output Voltage Trim Range
-20
10
Output Voltage Remote Sense Range
10
Output Over-Voltage Protection
17.6
18.3
19.1
EFFICIENCY
100% Load
91
50% Load
92
Note 1: Output is terminated with 1µF ceramic and 22µF low-ESR tantalum capacitors. For
noise, consult SynQor applications support (e-mail: [email protected])
A
mA
mA
V
mA
A
Vin min; trim up; in current limit
500V/ms; see Figure 6
RMS
Fast acting external fuse recommended
V
%
%
mV
V
mV
mV
A
A
V
A
mA
µF
mV
µs
%
%
V
Over sample, line, load, temperature & life
20MHz bandwidth; see Note 1
Full load
Full load
Subject to thermal derating
Differential negative current drawn from output
Differential negative current drawn from output
Vout nominal at full load (resistive load)
50% to 75% to 50% Iout max
To within 1% Vout nom
Across Pins 8&4; Common Figures 3-5; see Note 2
Across Pins 8&4
Over full temp range
%
See Figure 1 for efficiency curve
%
See Figure 1 for efficiency curve
applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and
Note 2: Trim-up range is limited below 10% at low line and full load. Contact SynQor applications support for more detail (email: [email protected])
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 8
Input:34-75V
Output:15V
Current:10A
Part No.:CF48150QTx10
Technical Specification
100
18
95
15
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
90
85
80
75
70
34 Vin
6
34 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
75 Vin
60
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Load Current (A)
7
8
9
10
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum,
nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Load Current (A)
7
8
9
10
Figure 2: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
12
12
10
10
8
8
Iout (A)
Iout (A)
9
3
48 Vin
65
12
6
6
4
4
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
2
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
2
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0
0
25
40
55
Ambient Air Temperature (°C)
70
25
85
40
55
Ambient Air Temperature (°C)
70
85
Figure 3: Open Frame converter max. output power derating vs. ambient air
temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM. Air flows across the
converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 4: Encased converter (with 1/2” heatsink) max. output power derating
vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM. Air
flows across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 5: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%50% of Iout(max); dI/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 15µF tantalum cap and 1µF
ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout, Ch 2: Iout.
Figure 6: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (nominal to
maximum input voltage), at full load current. Load cap: uF ceramic cap. Ch 1:
Vout , Ch 2: Vin.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 9
Input:34-75V
Output:24V
Current:6A
Part No.:CF48240QTx06
Technical Specification
CF48240QTx06 Electrical Characteristics (24.0Vout)
Ta = 25°C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, Vin = 48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +100°C baseplate temperature
with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Maximum Input Current
6.1
A
Vin min; trim up; in current limit
No-Load Input Current
85
110
mA
Disabled Input Current
2
4
mA
Response to Input Transient
0.45
V
500V/ms; see Figure 6
Input Terminal Ripple Current
115
mA
RMS
Recommended Input Fuse
15
A
Fast acting external fuse recommended
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point
23.76
24.00
24.24
V
Output Voltage Regulation
Over Line
±0.1
±0.3
%
Over Load
±0.1
±0.3
%
Over Temperature
-360
360
mV
Total Output Voltage Range
23.400
24.600
V
Over sample, line, load, temperature & life
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise
20MHz bandwidth; see Note 1
Peak-to-Peak
0
75
120
mV
Full load
RMS
20
40
mV
Full load
A
Operating Output Current Range
0
6
Subject to thermal derating
Output DC Current-Limit Inception
6.6
7.2
7.8
A
Output voltage 10% Low
Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage
11.5
V
Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled
0.2
A
Differential negative current drawn from output
Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled
10
mA
Differential negative current drawn from output
Maximum Output Capacitance
400
µF
Vout nominal at full load (resistive load)
Output Voltage during Load Current Transient
Step Change in Output Current (0.1A/µs)
1,000
mV
50% to 75% to 50% Iout max
Settling Time
500
µs
To within 1% Vout nom
Output Voltage Trim Range
-20
10
%
Across Pins 8&4; Common Figures 3-5
Output Voltage Remote Sense Range
10
%
Across Pins 8&4
Output Over-Voltage Protection
28.1
29.3
30.5
V
Over full temp range
EFFICIENCY
100% Load
91
%
See Figure 1 for efficiency curve
50% Load
92
%
See Figure 1 for efficiency curve
Note 1: Output is terminated with 1 µF ceramic capacitor. For applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and noise, consult SynQor applications
support (e-mail: [email protected])
Note 2: Trim-up range is limited below 10% at low line and full load. Contact SynQor applications support for more detail (email: [email protected])
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 10
Input:34-75V
Output:24V
Current:6A
Part No.:CF48240QTx06
Technical Specification
100
18
95
15
Power Dissipation (W)
90
Efficiency (%)
85
80
75
34 Vin
70
12
9
6
34 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
65
60
1
2
3
Load Current (A)
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
Load Current (A)
4
5
6
Figure 2: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
Iout (A)
Iout (A)
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum,
nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
3
3
2
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
1
75 Vin
0
0
2
48 Vin
3
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
1
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0
0
25
40
55
Ambient Air Temperature (°C)
70
25
85
40
55
Ambient Air Temperature (°C)
70
85
Figure 3: Open Frame converter max. output power derating vs. ambient air
temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM. Air flows across the
converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 4: Encased converter (with 1/2” heatsink) max. output power derating
vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 LFM through 400 LFM. Air
flows across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Figure 5: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%50% of Iout(max); dI/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 15µF tantalum cap and 1µF
ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout, Ch 2: Iout.
Figure 6: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (nominal to
maximum input voltage), at full load current. Load cap: uF ceramic cap. Ch 1:
Vout , Ch 2: Vin.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 11
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
CONTROL FEATURES
This converter series uses a two-stage power
topology. The first stage is a buck-converter that
output voltage constant over variations in line,
temperature. The second stage uses a transformer
the functions of input/output isolation and voltage
step-down to achieve the output voltage required.
REMOTE ON/OFF (Pin 2): The ON/OFF input, Pin 2, permits
the user to control when the converter is on or off. This input
is referenced to the return terminal of the input bus, Vin(-).
The ON/OFF signal is active low (meaning that a low turns the
converter on). Figure A details four possible circuits for driving
the ON/OFF pin. Figure B is a detailed look of the internal ON/
OFF circuitry.
conversion
keeps the
load, and
to provide
step-up or
Both the first stage and the second stage switch at a fixed
frequency for predictable EMI performance. Rectification of
the transformer’s output is accomplished with synchronous
rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low
on-state resistance, dissipate far less energy than Schottky
diodes. This is the primary reason that the converter has such
high efficiency, even at very low output voltages and very high
output currents.
These converters are offered totally encased to withstand harsh
environments and thermally demanding applications. Dissipation
throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a
heatsink for operation in many applications; however, adding
a heatsink provides improved thermal derating performance in
extreme situations.
This series of converters use the industry standard footprint and
pin-out configuration.
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
Vin(_)
Vin(_)
Remote Enable Circuit
REMOTE SENSE(+) (Pins 7 and 5): The SENSE(+) inputs
correct for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the
converter’s output pins to the load.
Pin 7 should be connected to Vout(+) and Pin 5 should be
connected to Vout(-) at the point on the board where regulation
is desired. A remote connection at the load can adjust for a
voltage drop only as large as that specified in this datasheet,
that is
[Vout(+) - Vout(-)] – [Vsense(+) - Vsense(-)] <
Sense Range % x Vout
Pins 7 and 5 must be connected for proper regulation of
the output voltage. If these connections are not made, the
converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher
than its specified value.
Note: the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the
voltage across the output (pins 8 and 4) to determine when
it should trigger, not the voltage across the converter’s sense
leads (pins 7 and 5). Therefore, the resistive drop on the board
should be small enough so that output OVP does not trigger,
even during load transients.
Negative Logic
(Permanently Enabled)
5V
5V
ON/OFF
TTL/
CMOS
50k
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
50k
50k
TTL
Vin(_)
Vin(_ )
Open Collector Enable Circuit
Direct Logic Drive
Figure A: Various circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
100pF
100pF
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Vin(_)
Figure B: Internal ON/OFF pin circuitry
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 12
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM (Pin 6): The TRIM input permits the
user to adjust the output voltage across the sense leads up or
down according to the trim range specifications.
To decrease the output voltage, the user should connect a
resistor between Pin 6 and Pin 5 (SENSE(-) input). For a desired
decrease of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor
should be
Rtrim-down =
- 10.22
(511
D% )
(kW)
where
D% =
Vnominal – Vdesired
Vnominal
x 100%
To increase the output voltage, the user should connect a
resistor between Pin 6 and Pin 7 (SENSE(+) input). For a desired
increase of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor
should be
Rtrim-up =
where
(
5.11VOUT x (100+D%)
1.225D%
_ 511 _ 10.22
D%
)
(kW)
Vout = Nominal Output Voltage
Trim graphs show the relationship between the trim resistor
value and Rtrim-up and Rtrim-down, showing the total range the
output voltage can be trimmed up or down.
Note: the TRIM feature does not affect the voltage at which the
output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. Trimming the
output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection
circuit to engage, particularly during transients.
It is not necessary for the user to add capacitance at the Trim
pin. The node is internally bypassed to eliminate noise.
Total DC Variation of VOUT: For the converter to meet its full
specifications, the maximum variation of the dc value of VOUT,
due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not
be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
PROTECTION FEATURES
Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed
to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an
input system instability problem, described in more detail in
the application note titled “Input System Instability” on our
website. The lockout circuitry is a comparator with dc hysteresis.
When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical TurnOn Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specifications page)
before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on,
the input voltage must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage
Threshold value before the converter will turn off.
Output Current Limit: The maximum current limit remains
constant as the output voltage drops. However, once the
impedance of the load across the output is small enough to make
the output voltage drop below the specified Output DC CurrentLimit Shutdown Voltage, the converter turns off.
The converter then enters a “hiccup mode” where it repeatedly
turns on and off at a 5 Hz (nominal) frequency with a 5% duty
cycle until the short circuit condition is removed. This prevents
excessive heating of the converter or the load board.
Output Over-Voltage Limit: If the voltage across the output
pins exceeds the Output Over-Voltage Protection threshold, the
converter will immediately stop switching. This prevents damage
to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output
current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) a
release of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a current
limit condition. Load capacitance determines exactly how high
the output voltage will rise in response to these conditions. After
200 ms the converter will automatically restart.
Over-Temperature Shutdown: A temperature sensor on
the converter senses the average temperature of the module.
The thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter
off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the
Over-Temperature Shutdown value. It will allow the converter
to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location
falls by the amount of the Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart
Hysteresis value.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 13
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
Input System Instability: This condition can occur because
any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a negative
resistance load. A detailed application note titled “Input System
Instability” is available on the SynQor website which provides
an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the
preferred solution for correcting it.
Application Circuits: Figure C provides a typical circuit diagram
which details the input filtering and voltage trimming.
Vin(+)
Vin
External
Input
Filter
Electrolytic
Capacitor
Vout(+)
Vsense(+)
ON/OFF
Trim
Vsense(_)
Vin(_)
Rtrim-up
or
Cload
Rtrim-down
Iload
Vout(_)
Figure C: Typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled).
Input Filtering and External Capacitance: Figure D provides
a diagram showing the internal input filter components. This filter
dramatically reduces input terminal ripple current, which otherwise
could exceed the rating of an external electrolytic input capacitor.
The recommended external input capacitance is specified in the
Input Characteristics section on the Electrical Characteristics
page. More detailed information is available in the application note
titled “EMI Characteristics” on the SynQor website.
L
Vin(+)
C
Vin(_)
Figure D: Internal Input Filter Diagram (component values listed on the specifications page).
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 14
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
Startup Inhibit Period: The Startup Inhibit Period ensures that
the converter will remain off for approximately 200 ms when it is
shut down for any reason. When an output short is present, this
generates a 5 Hz “hiccup mode,” which prevents the converter
from overheating. In all, there are seven ways that the converter
can be shut down, initiating a Startup Inhibit Period:
• InputUnder-VoltageLockout
When the ON/OFF pin goes high after t2, the Startup Inhibit
Period has elapsed, and the output turns on within the typical
Turn-On Time.
Thermal Considerations: The maximum operating base-plate
temperature, TB, is 100 ºC. As long as the user’s thermal system
keeps TB < 100 ºC, the converter can deliver its full rated power.
A power derating curve can be calculated for any heatsink that is
attached to the base-plate of the converter. It is only necessary
to determine the thermal resistance, RTHBA, of the chosen heatsink
between the base-plate and the ambient air for a given airflow
rate. This information is usually available from the heatsink
vendor. The following formula can the be used to determine the
maximum power the converter can dissipate for a given thermal
condition if its base-plate is to be no higher than 100 ºC.
• InputOver-VoltageLockout
• OutputOver-VoltageProtection
• OverTemperatureShutdown
• CurrentLimit
• ShortCircuitProtection
• TurnedoffbytheON/OFFinput
Figure E shows three turn-on scenarios, where a Startup Inhibit
Period is initiated at t0, t1, and t2:
Before time t0, when the input voltage is below the UVL threshold,
the unit is disabled by the Input Under-Voltage Lockout feature.
When the input voltage rises above the UVL threshold, the Input
Under-Voltage Lockout is released, and a Startup Inhibit Period is
initiated. At the end of this delay, the ON/OFF pin is evaluated,
and since it is active, the unit turns on.
At time t1, the unit is disabled by the ON/OFF pin, and it cannot
be enabled again until the Startup Inhibit Period has elapsed.
max
Pdiss =
100 ºC - TA
RTHBA
This value of power dissipation can then be used in conjunction
with the data shown in Figure 2 to determine the maximum load
current (and power) that the converter can deliver in the given
thermal condition.
For convenience, power derating curves for an encased converter
without a heatsink and with a typical heatsink are provided for
each output voltage.
Vin
Under-Voltage
Lockout TurnOn Threshold
ON/OFF
(neg logic)
ON
OFF ON
Vout
OFF
ON
9ms (typical
turn on time)
200ms
(typical start-up
inhibit period)
t1
t0
200ms
200ms
t2
t
Figure E: Startup Inhibit Period (turn-on time not to scale)
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 15
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
Standards & Qualifications
Parameter
Notes & Conditions
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
UL 60601-1:2003
Reinforced Insulation
CAN.CSA 22.2 No. 601.1-M90
EN 60601-1/A2:1995
IEC 60601-1/A2:1995
IEC 61000-4-2
ESD test, 8 kV - NP, 15 kV air - NP (Normal Performance)
Note: An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety certificates on new
releases or download from the SynQor website.
Parameter
QUALIFICATION TESTING
Life Test
Vibration
Mechanical Shock
Temperature Cycling
Power/Thermal Cycling
Design Marginality
Humidity
Solderability
Altitude
# Units
32
5
5
10
5
5
5
15 pins
2
Test Conditions
95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours
10-55 Hz sweep, 0.060" total excursion, 1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis
100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis
-40 °C to 100 °C, unit temp. ramp 15 °C/min., 500 cycles
Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles
Tmin-10 °C to Tmax+10 °C, 5 °C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load
85 °C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, continuous Vin applied except 5 min/day
MIL-STD-883, method 2003
70,000 feet (21 km)
Patient Contact: All CFQor models are designed for use in CF patient contact and defibrillation proof application per IEC60601-1. As such, CFQor
models provide reinforced insulation between output, input, and baseplate with minimum 4mm clearance and 4.6mm creepage. Note that equipment
and wiring may add to system leakage currents and insulation ratings so that the end product must be tested for compliance. Refer to the Family
Electrical Characteristics section for typical CFQor leakage currents.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 16
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
Encased Mechanical Diagram
1.536 ±0.020 (39.01 ±0.5)
1. 030 (26.16)
0.600 (15.24)
0.450 (11.43)
0.300 (7.62)
0.150 (3.81)
0.253±0.020 (6.4±0.5)
0.500±0.025
(12.7±0.63)
Overall Height
8 7 6 5 4
0.263±0.020
(6.68±0.5)
2.386
± 0.020
(60.6± 0.5)
2.00
(50.8)
0.18±0.010
(4.57±0.25)
Top View
Side View
1.86
(47.2)
1 2
3
M3 Threaded Inserts
4 Places See Notes
0.468±0.020 (11.89±0.5)
0.300 (7.62)
0.183±.020
(4.65)±0.5
0.600 (15.24)
NOTES
1)M3 screws used to bolt unit’s baseplate to other surfaces (such as
a heatsink) must not exceed 0.100" (2.54 mm) depth below the
surface of the baseplate.
PIN DESIGNATIONS
Pin
Name
1
Vin(+)
2
ON/OFF
3
Vin(–)
2)Applied torque per screw should not exceed 6in-lb. (0.7 Nm).
3)Baseplate flatness tolerance is 0.004" (.10mm) TIR for surface.
4)Pins 1-3, 5-7 are 0.040” (1.02mm) diameter, with 0.080” (2.03mm)
diameter standoff shoulders.
5)Pins 4 and 8 are 0.062” (1.57 mm) diameter with 0.100" (2.54 mm)
diameter standoff shoulders.
6)All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy- Finish (RoHS 6/6) - Matte Tin over
Nickel plate
7)Weight: 3.02 oz. (85.7 g) typical
8)All dimensions in inches (mm)
Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)
x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm)
9)Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II
10)Recommended pin length is 0.03” (0.76mm) greater than the PCB
thickness.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
Phone 1-888-567-9596
4
Vout(–)
Function
Positive input voltage
TTL input to turn converter on and off,
referenced to Vin(–), with internal pull up.
Negative input voltage
Negative output voltage
6
SENSE(–) Negative remote sense1
TRIM
Output voltage trim2
7
SENSE(+) Positive remote sense3
5
8
Vout(+)
Positive output voltage
Notes:
1)
SENSE(–) should be connected to Vout(–) either remotely
or at the converter.
2)
Leave TRIM pin open for nominal output voltage.
3)
SENSE(+) should be connected to Vout(+) either remotely
or at the converter.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 17
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
Flanged Mechanical Drawing
.01 [0.2]
OVERALL HEIGHT
.500 ±.025
[12.7 ±0.63]
2.200 ±.020
[ 55.88 ±0.5 ]
1.536 ±.020
[ 39.01 ±0.5 ]
.18
[ 4.6 ]
SEE NOTE 5
R .065
4
[ 1,65 ]
TOP VIEW
2.00
[ 50.8 ]
2.07
[ 52.5 ]
1.66
[ 42.2 ]
2.386
[ 60.6
5
6
7
.60
[ 15.2 ]
.45
[ 11.4 ]
.30
[ 7.6 ]
.15
[ 3.8 ]
8
BOTTOM VIEW
±.020
±0.5 ]
1.01
[ 25.7 ]
.36
[ 9.1 ]
.183 ±.020
[ 4.65 ±0.5 ]
.02
[ 0.6 ]
3
1
.70
[ 17.8 ]
1.30
[ 33 ]
.13
[ 3.2 ]
.800 ±.020
[ 20.32 ±0.5 ]
1
BOTTOMSIDE CLEARANCE
±.020 .010
[0.51
0.25]
NOTES
.30
[ 7.6 ]
.60
[ 15.2 ]
PIN DESIGNATIONS
1) Applied torque per screw should not exceed 5in-lb.
(3in-lb recommended).
2) Baseplate flatness tolerance is 0.01” (.2mm) TIR for surface.
3) Pins 1-3, 5-7 are 0.040” (1.02mm) diameter, with 0.080” (2.03mm)
diameter standoff shoulders.
4) Pins 4 and 8 are 0.062” (1.57 mm) diameter with 0.100" (2.54 mm)
diameter standoff shoulders.
5) All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy, Finish (RoHS 6/6) - Matte Tin over
Nickel plate
6) Total Weight: 3.12 oz (88.5 g)
7) All dimensions in inches (mm)
Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)
x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm)
8) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II
9) Recommended pin length is 0.03” (0.76mm) greater than the PCB
thickness.
10) A thermal interface material is required to assure proper heat transfer
from the flanged baseplate to the cooling surface. Thermal grease
may be used, or materials such as Thermalloy’s Grafoil or Bergquist
HiFlow and Softflow. Other similar products are available from many
heatsink manufacturers.
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
2
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Pin
Name
1
Vin(+)
2
ON/OFF
3
Vin(–)
4
Vout(–)
Function
Positive input voltage
TTL input to turn converter on and off,
referenced to Vin(–), with internal pull up.
Negative input voltage
Negative output voltage
6
SENSE(–) Negative remote sense1
TRIM
Output voltage trim2
7
SENSE(+) Positive remote sense3
5
8
Vout(+)
Positive output voltage
Notes:
1)
SENSE(–) should be connected to Vout(–) either remotely
or at the converter.
2)
Leave TRIM pin open for nominal output voltage.
3)
SENSE(+) should be connected to Vout(+) either remotely
or at the converter.
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 18
Technical
Specification
CF48xxxQTxxx
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
ORDERING INFORMATION
The part numbering system for SynQor’s dc-dc converters
follows the format shown in the example below.
The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering
options for converters in this product family. When ordering
SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete
15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base
part number and the additional 3 characters for options.
Add “-G” to the model number for 6/6 RoHS compliance.
CF 48 2 4 0 Q T C 06 N R S - G
6/6 RoHS
Options
(see
Ordering Information)
Output Current
Thermal Design
(see Ordering Info)
Performance Level
Package Size
Output Voltage
Model Number
Continuous
Input Voltage
Product Family
CF48050QTw25xyz
CF48120QTw12xyz
CF48150QTw10xyz
CF48240QTw06xyz
Thermal Design
The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and
the last 3 characters indicate available options. The “-G”
suffix indicates 6/6 RoHS compliance.
Application Notes
A variety of application notes and technical white papers can
be downloaded in pdf format from our website.
RoHS Compliance: The EU led RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous
Substances) Directive bans the use of Lead, Cadmium,
Hexavalent Chromium, Mercury, Polybrominated Biphenyls
(PBB), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) in Electrical
and Electronic Equipment. This SynQor product is 6/6 RoHS
compliant. For more information please refer to SynQor’s
RoHS addendum available at our RoHS Compliance / Lead Free
Initiative web page or e-mail us at [email protected].
Contact SynQor for further information:
Product # CF48xxxQTXxx
978-849-0600
888-567-9596
978-849-0602
[email protected]
www.synqor.com
155 Swanson Road
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Maximum
Output Current
34-75V
5V
25A
34-75V
12V
12A
34-75V
15V
10A
34-75V
24V
6A
The following options must be included in place of the x y z
spaces in the model numbers listed above.
Input Voltage
Phone:
Toll Free:
Fax:
E-mail:
Web:
Address:
Output
Voltage
Options Description: w x y z
Enable Logic Pin Style Feature Set
C - Encased
V - Encased with Flange
N - Negative
R - 0.180"
S - Standard
Not all combinations make valid part numbers, please contact
SynQor for availability. See the Product Summary web page for
more options.
PATENTS
SynQor holds the following U.S. patents, one or more of which
apply to each product listed in this document. Additional patent
applications may be pending or filed in the future.
5,999,417
6,222,742
6,545,890
6,577,109
6,594,159
6,731,520
6,894,468
6,896,526
6,927,987
7,050,309
7,072,190
7,085,146
7,119,524
7,269,034
7,272,021
7,272,023
7,558,083
7,564,702
Warranty
SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty
information is listed on our website or is available upon request from
SynQor.
Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent or patent rights of SynQor.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005450 Rev. B
05/11/10
Page 19